JP2002089994A - Absorption type water cooling and heating device utilizing waste heat - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an absorption type water cooling and heating device high in the efficiency of the same by utilizing effectively the waste heat of a gas turbine. SOLUTION: The absorption type water cooling and heating device is constituted of a power generating device C consisting of the gas turbine 70 and the like, a waste heat recovering device B consisting of a waste gas boiler 40 and the like for generating steam utilizing the waste gas of the gas turbine 70 and the absorption type water cooling and heating machine (waste heat utilizing instrument A) utilizing the steam from the waste gas boiler 40 as a heat source.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a gas turbine,
Steam (steam) using the exhaust gas of this gas turbine
An exhaust heat boiler utilizing exhaust heat, in which an exhaust gas boiler generating steam and an absorption chiller / heater using steam from the exhaust gas boiler as a heat source are each operatively connected to each other to obtain high efficiency. It is.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a steam type double effect absorption chiller / heater as illustrated in FIG. 6 has been known. This absorption chiller / heater (in the case of an absorption refrigerator as an example) is configured such that an absorption liquid (for example, an aqueous solution of lithium bromide) flows from an absorber a through a low-temperature regenerator c to a high-temperature regenerator e. Make up the cycle. The absorption cycle of this absorption chiller / heater will be described. First, an absorption liquid (dilute absorption liquid) whose concentration has been reduced by absorbing a large amount of refrigerant vapor in the absorber a is sent from the absorber a to the low-temperature heat exchanger b. After being heated by the low-temperature heat exchanger b, it is sent to the low-temperature regenerator c. The rare absorbing liquid is supplied to the low-temperature regenerator c.
At a low temperature, a part of the absorbed refrigerant is released and the concentration is increased by that amount to become an intermediate concentration absorbent (intermediate absorbent). Next, the intermediate absorbent is sent from the low-temperature regenerator c to the high-temperature heat exchanger d, and is heated by the high-temperature heat exchanger d and then sent to the high-temperature regenerator e.

The intermediate absorbent is regenerated at a high temperature in the high-temperature regenerator e and releases a part of the absorbed refrigerant (for example, water vapor) to further increase the concentration, thereby increasing the concentration of the high-absorbent liquid (concentrated absorbent). ). Then, the concentrated absorbent is returned to the heating side of the high-temperature heat exchanger d as a heating source for heating the intermediate absorbent, and further, a heating source for heating the rare absorbent to the heating side of the low-temperature heat exchanger b. Is returned to the absorber a. This returned concentrated absorbent is absorbed by the absorber a.
Is sprayed on the heat transfer tube, and absorbs the refrigerant vapor again while being cooled by the cooling water to become the rare absorbing liquid.

In such a steam type double effect absorption chiller / heater, high-temperature steam (steam) is supplied to the high-temperature regenerator e from a steam boiler f as a heating source. The intermediate absorbing liquid is heated by and the absorbed refrigerant is released, and the released refrigerant vapor is
After being used as a heating source in the low-temperature regenerator c by the low-temperature regenerator c, the low-temperature regenerator c is returned to the condenser g and condensed. The refrigerant liquid (for example, water) from the condenser g enters the evaporator h, and the condensed refrigerant liquid is sprayed by the refrigerant pump on the heat transfer pipe (water is flowing) of the evaporator h and cooled by the latent heat of evaporation. To obtain cold water. Also, the absorbent pipe i from the low-temperature regenerator c
And a bypass pipe k for connecting the heating-side absorbent pipe j between the high-temperature heat exchanger d and the low-temperature heat exchanger b is provided, and exits the low-temperature regenerator c and is supplied to the high-temperature regenerator e. A part of the intermediate concentrated absorption liquid is configured to be bypassed to the concentrated absorption liquid pipe returning to the absorber a.

[0005]

As shown in FIG. 6, in a steam-type absorption chiller / heater combined with a steam boiler f, fuel is supplied to the steam boiler f to burn and generate steam. In addition, since water must be supplied to the steam boiler f, a water supply device and a water treatment device are required, which complicates the device.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a gas turbine, an exhaust gas boiler for introducing exhaust gas from the gas turbine to generate steam, and utilizing the generated steam. It is another object of the present invention to provide an exhaust-heat-utilization absorption chiller / heater that combines high-efficiency with a combination of an absorption cycle device that performs a cooling and heating operation and operatively couples each of them.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, an exhaust heat utilizing absorption chiller / heater of the present invention comprises a gas turbine and an exhaust gas boiler for generating steam by using exhaust gas of the gas turbine. And an absorption chiller / heater using the steam from the exhaust gas boiler as a heat source (see FIGS. 1 to 5).

[0008] Further, an exhaust heat utilizing absorption chiller / heater of the present invention comprises a power generator having a gas turbine, a combustor, a compressor, a generator and a control panel, and an exhaust heat having an exhaust gas boiler and a gas-liquid separator. A recovery device, a waste heat utilization device equipped with a single-effect absorption chiller / heater or a double-effect absorption chiller / heater, an auxiliary power device equipped with a cooling water pump, a cooling / heating water pump and a cooling tower fan motor, and an exhaust gas boiler A circulation loop with piping for circulating the absorption liquid, the refrigerant liquid, the vapor and the drain provided between the absorption chiller / heater and the absorption chiller / heater to send the absorption liquid containing the refrigerant liquid from the absorption chiller / heater to the waste heat boiler. Water provided in
Absorbent pump, absorption chiller / heater operation panel for controlling exhaust heat utilization equipment and exhaust heat recovery device, auxiliary equipment motive operation panel for operating / controlling auxiliary power equipment, power generator and absorption chiller / heater operation panel And a cogeneration system operation panel that comprehensively manages the operation of the auxiliary power operation panel (see FIGS. 1 to 5).

In this exhaust heat utilizing absorption chilled / hot water device, there is a case where a hot water heat exchanger or a hot water heat exchanger for hot water supply and a hot water pump are included in the exhaust heat utilizing equipment (see FIG. 2). Further, there is a case where the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust heat recovery device is reused as a heating source of the low-temperature absorbing liquid or / and is used as a heating source of hot water or hot water for hot water supply. For example, a configuration in which an exhaust gas heat exchanger is provided in parallel with the high-temperature heat exchanger of the absorption chiller / heater (see FIGS. 3 and 5).

[0010] In these exhaust heat utilizing absorption chiller / heater, the exhaust gas boiler and the gas turbine are connected by an exhaust gas duct for supplying the exhaust gas of the gas turbine to the exhaust gas boiler, and the exhaust gas boiler generates steam by the heat of the exhaust gas. The absorption chiller / heater is configured to be organically coupled so as to perform a cooling operation or a heating operation using the steam as a heat source (see FIGS. 1 to 5).

[0011] The absorption chiller / heater is an absorption liquid pump, a refrigerant pump, a chiller / heater pump, which is necessary for a cooling operation or a heating operation.
It is preferable that an interlock is provided so as to operate in conjunction with at least one of the cooling water pump, the cooling tower fan motor, and the hot water pump (see FIGS. 1 to 5).

In addition, the load change is absorbed so as not to adversely affect the absorption chiller / heater, so that the load fluctuation of the absorption chiller / heater does not disturb the operation of the upstream exhaust gas boiler and gas turbine serving as the heating source. To provide a load control absorption liquid circulation loop, and a heat exchanger and a control mechanism to supply cold water, hot water and hot water simultaneously or independently, to achieve high power generation efficiency and energy saving throughout the year. In addition, it is preferable that the cooling and heating operation and hot water supply be possible (see FIGS. 1 to 5). As the exhaust gas boiler, any of a once-through boiler, a water tube boiler, and a smoke tube boiler is used. In particular, it is preferable to use a once-through boiler that is simple in structure, small in size, and easy to handle (FIG. 1). ~
(See FIG. 5).

[0013]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments and can be implemented with appropriate modifications. FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show a waste heat utilizing absorption chiller / heater according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the absorber 1, the absorption liquid pump (dilute liquid pump) 2, the low temperature heat exchanger 3, the low temperature regenerator 4, the pump (intermediate liquid pump)
5, high-temperature heat exchanger 6, high-temperature regenerator 7, condenser 8, evaporator 9, refrigerant pump 10, absorption liquid pump (concentrated liquid pump) 1
3. Reverse cycle type double-effect absorption chiller / heater, which comprises additional heat exchanger 21 and absorbent pipes, refrigerant pipes and the like connecting these apparatuses, that is, waste heat utilization equipment A
Is configured.

An exhaust gas boiler (for example, a once-through boiler) 4 is connected to the exhaust heat utilization device (absorption chiller / heater) A.
An exhaust heat recovery device B including a gas-liquid separator 39 and an absorption liquid (concentrated liquid) pump 13 as a solution supply means, an additional heat exchanger 21 and the like are combined and integrated. 16 is a steam supply pipe, 19 and 50 are bypass pipes, 32 is an absorption liquid supply pipe, 41 is a cooling water pump, 42 is a cold / hot water pump,
6 is a switching valve, 60 is a cooling tower, 62 is a fan motor, 6
4 is an upper header, 66 is a lower header, and 68 is a riser tube group.

Further, a power generator C is connected to the exhaust heat recovery device B in combination. The power generation device C includes a gas turbine 70, a combustor 72, a compressor 74, a power generator 76, and a control panel 78. Reference numeral 80 denotes an exhaust gas duct.

Of the bypass pipes 19 and 50, reference numeral 19 denotes a first bypass pipe for bypassing a part of the absorbent from the low-temperature regenerator 4 to the concentrated absorbent pipe from the high-temperature heat exchanger 6. . Reference numeral 50 denotes a second bypass pipe for bypassing a part of the absorbent from the high-temperature regenerator 7 to the return concentrated absorbent pipe from the additional heat exchanger 21.

Next, the circulation cycle of the absorption liquid in the absorption chiller / heater, which is a component of the apparatus configured as described above, will be described in order. First, a diluted absorption liquid whose concentration has been reduced by absorbing a large amount of refrigerant vapor in the absorber 1 is sent from the absorber 1 to the low-temperature heat exchanger 3 by the diluted liquid pump 2, and the low-temperature heat exchanger 3 After being heated, it is sent to the low-temperature regenerator 4. Then, the rare absorbing liquid is regenerated at a low temperature in the low-temperature regenerator 4 and releases a part of the absorbed refrigerant, and the concentration is increased by that amount to become an intermediate-concentration intermediate absorbing liquid.

Most of the intermediate concentrated absorbent is sent from the low-temperature regenerator 4 to the high-temperature heat exchanger 6 by the intermediate absorbent pump 5, and is heated by the high-temperature heat exchanger 6 before being sent to the high-temperature regenerator 7. Will be sent. The intermediate concentrated absorbent is regenerated at a high temperature in the high-temperature regenerator 7 and releases a part of the absorbed refrigerant to further increase the concentration to become a high-concentration concentrated absorbent. The remainder of the intermediate concentrated absorption liquid from the low-temperature regenerator 4 is supplied to the concentrated absorption liquid pipe returning to the absorber 1 by bypass via a bypass pipe 19.

A part or all of the concentrated absorbent from the high-temperature regenerator 7 is supplied to the additional heat exchanger 21 by the absorbent pump 13, where it exchanges heat with the concentrated absorbent from the gas-liquid separator 39. Then, it is supplied to the boiler 40. The remainder (may be zero) of the concentrated absorbent from the high temperature regenerator 7 is
Through the second bypass pipe 50, it joins the absorption liquid pipe on the heating side from the additional heat exchanger 21.

In the heat recovery apparatus B including the boiler 40 and the gas-liquid separator 39, the concentrated absorbent heated and concentrated by the combustion exhaust gas from the gas turbine 70 is supplied to the additional heat exchanger 21.
After heating the concentrated absorption liquid from the high-temperature regenerator 7 to the heating side of the high-temperature heat exchanger 6, the concentrated absorption liquid is introduced to the heating side of the high-temperature heat exchanger 6. Remains of concentrated absorbent from high temperature regenerator 7 (may be zero)
Joins the absorption liquid pipe on the heating side from the additional heat exchanger 21 via the second bypass pipe 50. The steam (steam) from the gas-liquid separator 39 is introduced into the high-temperature regenerator 7 through the steam supply pipe 16, where the absorbent is heated and concentrated, and then the refrigerant drain is introduced into the low-temperature regenerator 4.

The refrigerant vapor from the high-temperature regenerator 7 is sent to the low-temperature regenerator 4 together with the refrigerant drain from the high-temperature regenerator 7 via a refrigerant vapor pipe, where the absorption liquid is heated and concentrated. The refrigerant vapor from the low-temperature regenerator 4 is introduced into the condenser 8 together with the refrigerant drain from the low-temperature regenerator 4 via the refrigerant vapor pipe.

The auxiliary equipment power equipment includes a cooling water pump 41, a cold / hot water pump 42, a cooling tower fan motor 62, and the like. Further, between the exhaust heat recovery device B and the heat utilization device A,
A circulation loop is formed by piping for circulating the absorbing liquid, the refrigerant liquid, the vapor, and the drain. An absorption liquid pump 13 is used to send the absorption liquid containing the refrigerant liquid from the absorption chiller / heater to the waste heat boiler 40. The auxiliary power equipment may be installed separately from the exhaust heat utilization equipment, or may be installed adjacent to and packaged.

The waste heat utilization device A and the waste heat recovery device B are controlled by an absorption chiller / heater operating panel 82. The accessory power device is operated and controlled by the accessory power operation panel 84.
The operation of the power generator C, the absorption chiller / heater operation panel 82 and the auxiliary power operation panel 84 is comprehensively managed by a cogeneration system operation panel 86.

The absorption chiller / heater has an absorption liquid pump 2, a refrigerant pump 10, and a chilled / heated water pump 4 necessary for cooling operation or heating operation.
2. An electrical interlock is provided to operate in conjunction with at least one of the cooling water pump 41 and the cooling tower fan motor 62. FIG. 1 shows a case where all of the above-described pumps, motors, and the like operate in conjunction with each other.

FIG. 2 shows an exhaust heat utilizing absorption chiller / heater according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, a water heater 88 is provided, and hot water is obtained by introducing refrigerant vapor from the high-temperature regenerator 7 into the water heater 88. 9
0 is a hot water pump and 92 is a cold water pump. The absorption chiller / heater operates in conjunction with at least one of the absorption liquid pump 2, the refrigerant pump 10, the chilled water pump 92, the chilled water pump 41, the cooling tower fan motor 62, the hot water pump 90, etc. necessary for the cooling operation or the heating operation. The interlock is assembled electrically. FIG. 2 shows a case where all of the above-described pumps, motors, and the like operate in conjunction with each other. Other configurations and operations are the same as those in the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 shows an exhaust heat utilizing absorption chiller / heater according to a third embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the bypass pipe 94 is connected to the absorbent pipe on the heated side of the high-temperature heat exchanger 6.
An exhaust gas heat exchanger (exhaust gas heat recovery device) 96 into which the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the boiler 40 is introduced is provided in the bypass pipe 94. That is, the exhaust gas heat exchanger 96 is installed in parallel with the high-temperature heat exchanger 6 and functions as an exhaust gas heat recovery device. The installation position of the exhaust gas heat exchanger is not limited to the above position. Other configurations and operations are the same as those in the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 shows an exhaust heat utilizing absorption chiller / heater according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the number of regenerators is reduced by one, that is, the high-temperature regenerator is omitted,
This is a single-effect absorption chiller / heater, which is used as an exhaust heat utilization device A1. There is only one regenerator 98, and FIG.
The absorbent pump 13 and the additional heat exchanger 21 in FIG. 3 are also eliminated. Other configurations and operations are the same as those in the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 shows an exhaust heat utilizing absorption chiller / heater according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas boiler 40 is used, and the exhaust gas is introduced into the water heater 100 to generate hot water. Other configurations and operations are the same as those in the first and second embodiments.

[0029]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following effects. (1) By integrating an absorption type chiller / heater (exhaust heat utilization equipment), an exhaust heat recovery device such as an exhaust gas boiler, and a power generation device such as a gas turbine, the exhaust heat of the gas turbine is effectively used to achieve overall efficiency. Can be raised. In addition, the boiler water supply device and water treatment device can be eliminated, and the device can be simplified. Further, even if the efficiency of the boiler or the chiller / heater is reduced, the systemization reduces the heat loss and does not reduce the overall efficiency. In addition, since the power supply for the power of the boiler and the chiller / heater can be all independently provided, no power receiving equipment is required. Furthermore, it is hard to be affected by the fluctuation of the cooling load, and the integration can reduce the size of the entire apparatus. (2) The power required for cooling, heating, and hot water supply can be linked and operated in the same device, and the power supply and control power supply are shared as one unit as a whole, and are independent as units. It is possible to construct a cooling / heating and hot water supply system that is not affected by the air and that does not affect the others. (3) By standardizing that no electricity is supplied from another and no electricity is supplied to another, the control device of the generator and the power supply device can be made compact and the cost can be reduced. Also, when receiving electricity from outside,
It can be handled with the minimum control power supply equipment. (4) An inverter control circuit is added to at least one of a cooling water pump, a cold / hot water pump (or a cold water pump), a hot water pump, and an absorbing liquid pump, and the number of revolutions of each pump is added, so that power consumption is increased. Can be reduced, and further energy saving can be achieved. A change in the chilled water outlet temperature or a change in the inlet / outlet temperature difference is detected, and the change is converted into a signal indicating a load change and transmitted to the auxiliary power operation panel. In the auxiliary power operation panel, an inverter control circuit is added to the power supply to control the rotation speed of each pump based on a load change signal, and to reduce power consumption when the load decreases. At the same time, the control signal of the inverter is transmitted to the cogeneration system operation panel. When the rotation speed control of the absorption pump of the absorption chiller / heater is also performed by the inverter control, the control signal is transmitted to the cogeneration system operation panel. From the cogeneration system operation panel, the change in the inverter control signal and power consumption of each pump is transmitted to the control panel of the power generator. When the control panel of the power generation device detects a reduction in power consumption, it controls the output of the generator to save energy. Therefore, overall energy savings are realized by reducing power consumption due to load changes and reducing the output of the generator. be able to. In addition, when the power consumption is reduced due to the load reduction and the output of the generator is reduced, the amount of exhaust gas discharged from the generator is reduced, so that the amount of heating to the exhaust gas boiler is reduced, so that the output control of the exhaust gas boiler can be performed. . As a result, the output of the absorption chiller can also be controlled, so that a control loop that follows the change in load is completed, and an exhaust chiller / heater using waste heat with high thermal efficiency can be realized.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a systematic schematic configuration diagram of an exhaust-heat-use absorption chiller / heater according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a systematic schematic configuration diagram of an exhaust-heat-use absorption chiller / heater according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a systematic schematic configuration diagram of an exhaust-heat-utilization absorption chiller / heater according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a systematic schematic configuration diagram of an exhaust heat utilizing absorption chiller / heater according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a systematic schematic configuration diagram of an exhaust-heat-use absorption chiller / heater according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a systematic schematic configuration diagram showing an example of a conventional absorption chiller / heater.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Absorber 2 Absorbing liquid pump (dilute liquid pump) 3 Low temperature heat exchanger 4 Low temperature regenerator 5 Intermediate liquid pump 6 High temperature heat exchanger 7 High temperature regenerator 8 Condenser 9 Evaporator 10 Refrigerant pump 13 Absorbing liquid pump (Solution supply) Means) 16 Steam supply pipe 19, 50 Bypass pipe 21 Additional heat exchanger 46 Switching valve 32 Absorbent supply pipe 39 Gas-liquid separator 40 Exhaust gas boiler (through-flow boiler) 41 Cooling water pump 42 Cold / hot water pump 60 Cooling tower 62 Fan motor 64 Upper header 66 Lower header 68 Ascending pipe bank 70 Gas turbine 72 Combustor 74 Compressor 76 Generator 78 Control panel 80 Exhaust gas duct 82 Absorption type cooling / heating water operation panel 84 Auxiliary power operation panel 86 Cogeneration system operation panel 88 water heater 90 hot water pump 92 cold water pump 94 bypass pipe 96 exhaust gas heat exchanger 98 regenerator 00 Water Heater A, A1 waste heat utilization device B exhaust heat recovery device C power generator

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. An exhaust heat system comprising: a gas turbine; an exhaust gas boiler that generates steam using exhaust gas from the gas turbine; and an absorption chiller / heater that uses steam from the exhaust gas boiler as a heat source. Use absorption cold and hot water equipment. 2. A power generating device having a gas turbine, a combustor, a compressor, a generator and a control panel, an exhaust heat recovery device having an exhaust gas boiler and a gas-liquid separator, and a single-effect absorption chiller / heater or Exhaust heat utilization equipment equipped with a heavy-effect absorption chiller / heater, auxiliary power equipment equipped with a cooling water pump, a chiller / heater pump and a cooling tower fan motor, and installed between an exhaust gas boiler and absorption chiller / heater A circulating loop with piping for circulating the absorbing liquid, the refrigerant liquid, the vapor and the drain; a water / absorbing liquid pump provided to send the absorbing liquid containing the refrigerant liquid from the absorption chiller / heater to the exhaust heat boiler; Absorption chiller / heater operation panel to control heat utilization equipment and waste heat recovery equipment; Auxiliary motive operation panel to operate and control auxiliary power equipment; Power generator, absorption chiller / heater operation panel and auxiliary equipment motive operation panel Cogeneration system for comprehensive operation management Waste heat utilization absorbing hot and cold water system, characterized in that it provided a Yonshisutemu operation panel. 3. The waste heat utilizing absorption chiller / heater according to claim 2, wherein the hot water heat exchanger or the hot water heat exchanger for hot water supply and the hot water pump are included in the waste heat utilization equipment. 4. The exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust heat recovery device is reused as a heating source for the low-temperature absorbing liquid, and / or used as a heating source for hot water or hot water for hot water supply. Waste heat absorption chiller / heater. 5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein an exhaust gas heat exchanger is provided in parallel with the high-temperature heat exchanger of the absorption chiller / heater. 6. An exhaust gas boiler and a gas turbine are connected by an exhaust gas duct that supplies exhaust gas of the gas turbine to the exhaust gas boiler, and the exhaust gas boiler generates steam by heat of the exhaust gas. The exhaust-heat-utilization absorption chiller / heater according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the heat-source is used to perform a cooling operation or a heating operation. 7. The absorption chiller / heater is operated in conjunction with at least one of an absorption liquid pump, a refrigerant pump, a cooling / heating water pump, a cooling water pump, a cooling tower fan motor, and a hot water pump required for cooling operation or heating operation. The exhaust-heat-utilization absorption chiller / heater according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising an electric interlock. 8. Absorption of a load change so as not to adversely affect the absorption chiller / heater so that the load fluctuation of the absorption chiller / heater does not hinder the operation of the upstream exhaust gas boiler or gas turbine serving as a heating source. Provide a load control absorption liquid circulation loop for so, and provided a heat exchanger and a control mechanism to be able to supply cold water, hot water and hot water simultaneously or independently,
The exhaust-heat-use absorption chiller / heater according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein high power generation efficiency, energy saving, cooling / heating operation, and hot water supply are enabled throughout the year. 9. The exhaust gas boiler is any one of a once-through boiler, a water tube boiler, and a smoke tube boiler.
The absorption chiller / heater using waste heat according to any one of the above.