JP2002059020A - Uniaxial type crushing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To well crush curled cut refuse discharged from a lathe. SOLUTION: First rotary blades 33 having large protruding length and second rotary blades 35 having small protruding length are attached to a rotary shaft 31 to constitute a rotor 7, and groove-shaped deep receiving blade parts 11 and groove-shaped shallow receiving blade parts 12 upwardly opened and extending in an arcuate shape so as to permit the rotary blades 33, 35 to pass in close vicinity to the insides thereof are formed to fixed blade blocks 6. The first and second rotary blades 33 and 35 are provided over a plurarity of sets, each of which comprises two rotary blades, so as to be positioned on mutually opposite sides in the direction around a rotary shaft 31, and each set of the first rotary blades 33 and each set of the second rotary blades 35 are arranged so that the positions thereof in the direction around the rotary shaft 31 are mutually shifted by 90 deg. alternately in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 31. Accordingly, cut refuse 41 is certainly caught by the rotary blades 33 and 35 regardless of the position in a hopper to be carried and the cut refuse 41 carried to the receiving blade parts 11, 12 is almost certainly cut in any posture to be ground down thoroughly.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a single-shaft crushing apparatus, and more particularly to a single rotor having a plurality of rotary blades attached to a rotary shaft, and a receiver for crushing an object to be processed in cooperation with the rotary blades. The present invention relates to a single-shaft crusher having a blade.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art At present, there are many types of crushing devices used for crushing raw materials and crushing various kinds of wastes. However, a single-shaft crushing device having only one rotor is relatively small in size and cost. Are not so high, so various types are being developed.

[0003]

However, in a single-shaft crusher, if the object to be crushed has a coarse and large swelling shape, the rotary blade can catch the object satisfactorily. There is a problem that the crushing efficiency becomes very poor because of the inability to do so. For example, since metal chips generated from a lathe or the like are usually continuous in a curled form in a coil shape, in a conventional uniaxial crusher, most of the input chips are rotary blades. Often, simply dancing on the surface does not work well between the rotating blade and the fixed blade, or is only partially sheared.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and provides a single-shaft crusher capable of satisfactorily crushing even cutting chips generated from a lathe or the like. The purpose is to:

[0005]

In order to achieve this object, a single-shaft crushing apparatus according to the first aspect of the present invention comprises a rotor having a plurality of rotary blades having a certain lateral width attached to the outer peripheral surface of a rotary shaft. A fixed blade block formed with a number of groove-shaped receiving blade portions formed in an arc shape so that the upper surface is open and the rotary blade passes close to the inside, and a space above the fixed blade block is surrounded. A hopper, and the rotary blade has at least two types of a first rotary blade having a long protrusion length from the rotary shaft and a second rotary blade having a short protrusion length, and the receiving blade portion has a first rotary blade. It has a deep receiving blade portion through which the blade passes and a shallow receiving blade portion through which the second rotary blade passes.

Therefore, in this crushing apparatus, the object to be treated located far from the rotary shaft in the hopper is carried by being hooked by the first rotary blade, and the object to be treated located closer to the rotary shaft is carried. Since the object is carried by being hooked by the second rotating blade, the rotating blade can be reliably used even if the processing object is coarse and large in shape, such as coil-shaped curling chips from a lathe. Can be caught and carried.

[0007] The cuttings carried by the rotary blade are firstly scissored by the edge of the rotary blade and the entrance edge of the receiving blade portion, or the edge of the partition wall forming a portion between adjacent receiving blade portions. It is cut by the scissor action of the edge of the rotary blade. In this case, since the entrance edge of the receiving blade portion has a U-shape, it is almost certainly cut regardless of the posture of the cutting chips carried here. The short-cut cutting chips are drawn into the groove-shaped receiving blade portion, and are crushed into small pieces by the shearing or crushing action of the bottom surface and all three surfaces on the left and right sides and the rotary blade. You. In this case, since the receiving blade portion has a U-shaped groove in cross section, the cutting chips drawn in cannot escape to the side, so that almost all of the cutting chips can be crushed.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the single-shaft crushing apparatus according to the first aspect, the first and second rotary blades are respectively located on opposite sides in the direction around the rotation axis. A plurality of sets are provided with two sets as one set, and each set of the first rotary blade and each set of the second rotary blade are alternately set in the axial direction of the rotary shaft and at positions around the rotary shaft of the rotary shaft.
It is characterized by being arranged in a state shifted by 0 °.

With this arrangement, the interior of the hopper is largely vacant at the timing when the first rotary blade is in the horizontal position. Since it rides on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft or the side surface of the first rotating blade, or settles beside the front and rear sides of the second rotating blade, the cutting waste is accurately caught and carried by the rotating blade from this timing. .

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a single-shaft crushing apparatus according to the first or second aspect, wherein a side surface of the rotary blade in the rotation direction of the rotary blade is formed in a concave shape. Things. With this configuration, the side surface of the rotary blade that is concave in the shape of a letter can capture the cutting chips firmly.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the uniaxial crusher according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the upper port is provided beside one end of the fixed blade block in the direction around the axis of the rotor. A door that disposes a discharge chute that is open in the internal space of the hopper, moves between a closed position in which the upper port is closed, and an open position in which the upper port is open, and a door for driving the door Driving means and rotation direction switching means for switching the rotation direction of the rotor are provided. During normal operation, the rotor is moved with the upper blade of the discharge chute for discharging foreign matter or the like closed, and the rotating blade is rotated at the other end of the fixed blade block. It is characterized in that it is rotated in the normal rotation direction into the receiving blade portion from the side.

Therefore, when a foreign object enters the hopper and the rotation of the rotor is prevented, the rotor is reversed in a state where the door is moved to the open position by the door driving means, and in many cases, the foreign object is removed. It can be dropped on the discharge chute for foreign matters. As means for switching the rotation direction of the rotor, the rotation direction of the motor for rotating the rotor itself may be switched, or a direction switching means may be interposed in the rotation transmission system of the motor.

The command for opening and closing the door and switching the rotation direction of the rotor may be a manual method using an operation switch provided on a control panel. Detecting means for detecting that the rotation of the rotor has been blocked, a command to move the door to the open position in accordance with a signal indicating that the rotation of the rotor has been blocked, and a command to switch the rotation direction of the rotor to the reverse direction. If an automatic control circuit for outputting a signal is provided, foreign matter can be automatically removed.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, when a predetermined time has elapsed from the start of reverse rotation of the rotor, a command to automatically return the rotation direction of the rotor to normal rotation and return the door to the closed position is provided. Is output, almost complete unmanned operation can be achieved.

[0015]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A single-shaft crusher according to each embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. [1. First Embodiment] (FIGS. 1 to 7) FIGS. 1 to 7 show a single-shaft crusher 1 according to a first embodiment.
It shows. [A. Structure] The essential part of the single-shaft crushing apparatus 1 is composed of a fixed blade block 6 and a rotor 7, which cooperate with each other to crush the object to be processed.
(The direction toward the left in FIG. 1 is referred to as left side), a receiving blade body 3 formed with a number of receiving blade portions, and two front and rear cutter plates 5 attached to the receiving blade body 3. . The positional relationship between these components is set using a reference axis xx where the axis of the rotor 7 is located as a reference position.

[A-1. Fixed blade block] (FIGS. 1 to 4, 6, and 7) The receiving blade body 3 is formed by cutting a solid metal block, and is long in the left-right direction. 9 has a horizontal substantially semicircular shape, and a total of seven receiving blade portions 11 and 12 alternately arranged in the same direction are formed. The upper surface 9 is located at a position somewhat lower than the reference axis xx.

Each of the receiving blade portions 11 and 12 has a groove shape extending in an arc shape with the reference axis xx as the center of the arc and opening on the upper surface 9, and has a relatively wide left and right width and is the same in both cases. However, the arc radius R1 of the four deep receiving blades 11 (see FIG. 6)
Is the arc radius R2 of the remaining three shallow receiving blades 12 (FIG. 7).
1.4). Also, the upper surface 13a of the partition wall 13 and the upper surface 15a of the walls 15 at both ends, which are portions between the receiving blade portions 11 and 12 adjacent to each other, are also aligned with the reference axis x−
It is machined so as to form an arc with x as the center of the arc.
2 is slightly shorter than the arc radius R2 of the upper surface 15 of the wall 15 at both ends.
The arc radius of a is slightly shorter than the arc radius R1 of the deep receiving blade 11. And each bottom wall 17 of the seven receiving blade portions 11 and 12
The discharge hole 17 which is long in the arc direction with its bottom
a is formed.

The lower half of the wall-like side plate 21 is fixed to the left and right ends of the receiving blade body 3, and this side plate 21 is supported by a machine frame (not shown). Further, a chute 23 (see FIG. 2 and the like) surrounding the space below the receiving blade body 3 is attached.

[A-2. Cutter Plate] (FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 4, FIG. 6, FIG. 7) The cutter plate 5 is formed by processing a relatively thick flat plate of metal. Of the region which remains flat. In other words, the two cutter plates 5 have a total of seven cutting edge portions 11 ′ and 12 ′ having a U-shaped notch on the side surfaces facing each other and having different depths, which are alternately arranged in the left-right direction. The depth of the deep blade tip 11 ′ is equal to the depth of the deep receiving blade 11, and the depth of the shallow blade tip 12 ′ is
It matches the depth of the shallow receiving blade portion 12.

Such a cutter plate 5 has an upper surface 9 of the receiving blade body 3 in a state where the blade edges 11 'and 12' respectively coincide with the edges of the receiving blades 11 and 12 when viewed from above.
Is mounted by a number of bolts 25. The reference axis xx is located in a plane including the upper surface 5a of the cutter plate 5 in this state (see FIGS. 6 and 7). Enclosure walls 27 are attached to the front and rear ends of the upper surface 5a of the cutter plate 5, and a hopper 29 is formed by the enclosure wall 27 and the upper half of the side plate 21.

[A-3. Rotor] (FIGS. 1, 2, and 5
-FIG. 7) The rotor 7 has a cylindrical rotating shaft 31 and first and second types of rotating blades 3 attached to the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 31.
3, 35, etc. Both ends of the rotating shaft 31 are supported portions 31 a having a smaller diameter than the remaining portion. The supported portions 31 a are rotatably mounted on bearings (not shown) provided on the side plate 21 so as to be vertically adjustable. Supported. Thereby, the rotating shaft 31 is provided in a state where the position in the vertical direction can be finely adjusted with the position where the axis of the rotating shaft 31 is on the reference axis xx as the reference position.

The first rotary blade 33 is a rotary blade that crushes the workpiece in cooperation with the deep blade tip 11 ′ and the deep receiving blade 11, and is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft 31. Four sets, two of which are attached to the distal end surface of the block 37 and located on the opposite sides in the direction around the rotation shaft 31 are provided as one set. The second rotary blade 35 is a rotary blade that crushes the workpiece in cooperation with the shallow blade tip portion 12 ′ and the shallow receiving blade portion 12, which are also located on opposite sides in the direction around the rotary shaft 31. Three sets are provided as one set of the two. Each set of the first rotary blades 33 and each set of the second rotary blades 35 are alternately shifted in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 31 by 90 ° relative to each other in the direction around the rotary shaft 31. It is arranged in the state where it was.

The first rotary blade 33 is basically in the form of a thick square plate, and its left and right widths are equal to the width of the receiving blade portion 11, 1, 2.
2 is slightly shorter than the left and right width,
1. Both side surfaces 33a in the direction around the axis are cut out so as to have a substantially "H" shape when viewed from the thickness direction. The first rotary blade 33 is provided with a bolt 39 passing through the mounting hole 33b and a screw hole 3 formed in the blade mounting block 37.
7a, it is detachably attached to the rotary shaft 31 and its rotation locus L1 (see FIG. 6) has a deep blade tip 11 '.
And a position close to the deep receiving blade 11.

The second rotary blade 35 is in the form of a rectangular thick flat plate that is slightly long in the left-right direction, and its left-right width is also equal to the width of the receiving blade 1.
One surface in the thickness direction is slightly smaller than the left and right widths of 1, 12 and is a seat surface 35a bent in an arc shape,
The seat 35a is attached to the rotating shaft 31 in a state of being seated on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 31. This mounting is performed using mounting holes 3
5b is screwed into a screw hole 31b formed in the rotating shaft 31 so as to be detachable, and its rotation locus L2 (see FIG. 7) has a shallow blade tip 12 'and a shallow receiving blade. It passes through a position close to 12.

When the rotary shaft 31 is mounted at the reference position, the four sets of first rotary blades 33 correspond to the four deep blade tips 11 'and the deep receiving blades 11, respectively.
The three sets of second rotary blades 35 correspond to the three shallow blade tips 12 'and the shallow receiving blades 12, respectively. The rotating shaft 31 is rotated at a constant speed by a geared motor (not shown). The single-shaft crusher 1 is configured as described above.

[B. Operation] (FIGS. 6 and 7) Next, the method of use and operation of the single-shaft crusher 1 will be described.
The present apparatus 1 is mainly used for crushing processing of cutting chips 41 which are connected and coiled from a metal machine tool such as a lathe. Therefore, the present apparatus 1 is installed beside a lathe or the like so that the cutting chips 41 coming out of the lathe are automatically put into the hopper 29, or installed at a corner of a factory or the like. Then, the cutting chips 41 collected as needed are manually put into the hopper 29. When an operation start switch of a control panel (not shown) is turned on, the rotor 7 rotates.

The cutting chips 41 located far from the rotating shaft 31 in the hopper 29 are carried by being hooked by the first rotary blade 33 and the blade mounting block 37, and the cutting chips 41 located near the rotating shaft 31. Is carried by the second rotary blade 35. In particular, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 6, at the timing when the first rotary blade 33 is in the horizontal position, the inside of the hopper 29 is largely vacant. The cutting waste 41 that was
At this timing, most of the time comes on the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft 31, the side surfaces of the first rotary blade 33 and the blade mounting block 37, or settles beside the front and rear sides of the second rotary blade 35. From the rotary blades 33, 35 regardless of the difference in position in the hopper 29.
And the blade mounting block 37 accurately captures and transports it.
Moreover, the side surface in the rotation direction of the first rotary blade 33 is
Since it is concave in the shape of a letter, this concave portion firmly catches the cuttings 41.

The cutting chips 41 carried in this manner are firstly removed from the edges of the rotary blades 33 and 35 and the cutting edges 11 'and 1'.
The portion cut off by the scissoring action of the edge 2 'is cut by the scissoring action of the edge of the partition wall 13 and the edges of the rotary blades 33 and 35. In this case, since the cutting edge portions 11 'and 12' have a U-shape, the cutting chips 41 carried here are almost certainly cut regardless of the posture thereof.

The cutting chips 41 thus cut are drawn into the receiving blade portions 11 and 12 having a groove shape, and all three surfaces of the bottom surface and both right and left sides and the rotary blades 33 and 35 are formed. Crushed into small pieces by the shearing or crushing action of In this case, since the receiving blade portions 11 and 12 have a U-shaped groove in cross section, the cutting chips
Since 1 cannot escape to the side, it is crushed without leaving. The cutting chips 41 crushed in this manner are discharged into the discharge holes 1
It falls on the chute 23 through 7a.

The cutting debris 41 caught on the rotary blades 33 and 35 and the blade mounting block 37 are directly received by the receiving blade 1.
Even if it passes through Nos. 1 and 12, it is almost certainly crushed in the course of repeating the transport several times. Since the crushing of the cuttings 41 is performed in this manner, crushing can be performed very efficiently.

[2. Second Embodiment] (FIG. 8) FIG. 8 shows a single-shaft crusher 1A according to a second embodiment. The difference between this single-shaft crushing device 1A and the single-shaft crushing device 1 shown in the first embodiment is that when the rotation of the rotor 7 is prevented due to the entry of foreign matter having a size that cannot be crushed. In addition, only a structure is provided in which the foreign matter can be removed from the apparatus by merely rotating the rotor 7 in reverse, and the remaining structure is basically the same. Therefore, the description will be made only on this difference, and the remaining portions will be denoted by the same reference numerals as those assigned to the same parts in the single-shaft crushing apparatus 1 or the reference numerals with dashes attached thereto in the respective parts of the drawing. The description will be omitted.

The receiving blade body 3 'of the crusher 1A
The front end of the receiving blade body 3 (the direction toward the left in FIG. 8 is the front side) is cut away, and the horizontal upper surface 9 is left only at the rear end, and the upper surface of the partition wall 13 is cut off. The front end of the bottom wall 17 is machined into a vertical surface 17b. Therefore,
Only one cutter plate 5 is mounted on the rear side. A foreign matter discharge chute 51 is attached to the front side of the receiving blade body 3 ′, and an upper opening 51 a of the foreign substance etc. discharge chute 51 is opened at the upper front end in the internal space of the hopper 29.

A door 55 is provided on the foreign matter discharge chute 51. This door 55 has a pivot 5 at its upper end.
A closed position in which 5a is rotatably supported by a bearing attached to the lower end of the front side of the surrounding wall 27 and closes an upper opening 51a of the discharge chute 51 as shown by a solid line;
As shown by the two-dot chain line, it is moved between the open position where the upper port 51a is opened.

From the front side of the surrounding wall 27, a bracket 57 is provided.
The bracket 57 holds a two-way hydraulic cylinder 59 in a horizontal position. The distal end of the piston rod 59a is connected to a connecting portion 55b attached to the front surface of the door 55. ing. The door 55 is held at the closed position while the hydraulic cylinder 59 is being pressed in the rod projecting direction. When the hydraulic cylinder 59 is driven in the rod retracting direction, the door 55 is moved to the open position. This direction switching is controlled by, for example, an electromagnetic direction switching valve.

The control circuit (not shown) incorporates a torque sensor for detecting the presence or absence of rotation of the rotor 7, and an automatic control circuit for automatically switching the rotation direction of the motor for the rotor 7 and the driving direction of the hydraulic cylinder 59. I have. The automatic control circuit is configured to control the rotation of the rotor 7 in the normal rotation direction, that is, the rotation of the rotary blade 3 when the torque sensor does not output a signal indicating that the rotation of the rotor 7 is blocked.
3 and 35 are receiving blade portions 1 from the rear end side of the fixed blade block 6.
When the torque sensor detects that rotation of the rotor 7 has been stopped is controlled by controlling the supply of hydraulic oil to the hydraulic cylinder 59 so that the supply of hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic cylinder 59 is caused to protrude from the rod. Then, the rotor 7 is rotated in the reverse direction, and the supply direction of the hydraulic oil to the hydraulic cylinder 59 is switched so as to be in the rod retracting direction, and after a lapse of a predetermined time (about 10 seconds) from this switching, the original control state (rotor 7
In the normal direction, and the supply direction of the hydraulic oil to the hydraulic cylinder 59 is returned to the rod projecting direction).

Therefore, the rotor 7 normally rotates in a state where the door 55 is at the closed position and the upper port 51a of the discharge chute 51 is closed, so that the cutting dust 41 in the hopper 29 is The crushing of the cuttings 41 and the like does not fall on the discharge chute 51 and is mainly performed by the rear half of the fixed blade block 6 and the rotary blades 33 and 35. Then, foreign matter 53 that cannot be crushed by the crushing apparatus 1A, such as a tool or a steel material, enters the hopper 29, and the receiving blade body 3, the cutter plate 5, and the rotary blades 33, 35
When the rotation of the rotor 7 is stopped, for example, the door 55 moves to the open position in accordance with a signal from the torque sensor, the foreign matter discharge shoe 51 and the upper port 51a of the 51 are stopped.
Is opened and the rotor 7 is reversed. Therefore, for example, when the foreign matter 53 is caught in the position shown in FIG. 8, the first rotary blade 33 that is now on the front side or the second rotary blade 35 that is now facing downward almost raises the foreign matter 53 upward. Hitting it toward the front side to drop it on the discharge chute 51, or changing its posture to discharge the hole 17 through the receiving blades 11 and 12
Fall into a.

The embodiment of the present invention has been described above.
The specific configuration of the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and any change in design or the like without departing from the spirit of the present invention is also included in the present invention. For example, in the embodiment, the fixed blade block is composed of the two members, the receiving blade body and the cutter plate. However, the entire fixed blade block may have an integral structure. Further, in the second embodiment, switching of the rotation direction of the rotor, opening and closing of the door, and the like are performed automatically according to instructions from the control circuit.
This switching or the like may be performed manually by operating a switch or the like provided on the control panel, or may be performed automatically / manually.

[0038]

As described above, according to the present invention, even when the processing object has a large density and a large swelling shape such as a coil-shaped curled cutting chip coming out of a lathe or the like, the rotary blade can be used. Can be captured and transported reliably. The cutting waste is scissored by the U-shaped entrance edge of the receiving blade portion and the edge of the rotary blade, and the scissoring action by the edge of the partition wall and the edge of the rotary blade, which is a portion between adjacent receiving blade portions. The cutting chips that have been cut by the action, and further cut short,
The rotary blade is drawn into the groove-shaped receiving blade portion and is crushed into small pieces by the shearing or crushing action of the rotating blade and the bottom surface and the left and right side surfaces. in this case,
Because the receiving blade has a U-shape, it can be cut almost reliably regardless of the position of the cuttings carried here.
And they are all crushed.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the interior of the hopper is largely vacant at the timing when the first rotary blade is in the horizontal position.
At this timing, most of the chips ride on the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft and the side surfaces of the first rotary blade, and settle beside the front and rear sides of the second rotary blade. It is caught accurately and carried.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the side surface of the rotary blade that is concave in the shape of a letter can firmly catch cutting chips.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, when foreign matter enters the hopper and rotation of the rotor is prevented, the rotor is reversed by moving the door to the open position by the door driving means. In many cases, the foreign matter can be dropped onto a foreign matter discharge chute.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, foreign matter can be automatically eliminated.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a single-shaft crusher according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a main part of the single-shaft crusher shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view of a receiving blade body of the single-shaft crushing device shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view of a cutter plate of the single-shaft crusher shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a partially exploded perspective view showing a rotor of the single-shaft crusher shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is a vertical sectional view of a single-shaft crusher according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Single axis crusher 3, 5 ... Fixed blade block 7
... rotor 11, 11 '... deep receiving blade part 12, 12' ... shallow receiving blade part 29 ... hopper 31 ... rotating shaft 33 ... first rotary blade 33a ... side surface concaved in a letter shape (in the rotation direction of the rotary blade). 35: second rotary blade 1A: uniaxial crusher 3 ', 5: fixed blade block 51: foreign matter discharge chute 51a: upper opening (of foreign substance discharge chute) 55 ... door 59: door driving means

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A rotor having a number of rotary blades each having a certain width attached to an outer peripheral surface of a rotary shaft, and a groove extending in an arc shape such that the upper surface is open and the rotary blades pass close to each other. A fixed blade block formed with a large number of receiving blade portions, and a hopper surrounding the space above the fixed blade block, wherein the rotary blade has a first rotary blade having a long protrusion length from the rotary shaft. And a second rotary blade having a short protruding length, wherein the receiving blade portion has a deep receiving blade portion through which the first rotary blade passes and a shallow receiving blade portion through which the second rotary blade passes. A single-shaft crusher. 2. The single-shaft crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of sets of the first and second rotary blades are provided, each set being two sets located on opposite sides in the direction around the axis of the rotary shaft. In addition, each set of the first rotary blade and each set of the second rotary blade are arranged alternately in the axial direction of the rotary shaft and in a state where the positions in the direction around the rotary shaft are shifted from each other by 90 °. Characteristic single-shaft crusher. 3. The single-shaft crushing device according to claim 1, wherein a side surface in a rotation direction of the rotary blade is concaved in an elliptical shape. 4. A single-shaft crusher according to claim 1, wherein an upper port is opened to an inner space of the hopper beside one end of the fixed blade block in a direction around an axis of the rotor. A door that moves between a closed position in which the upper port is closed and an open position in which the upper port is opened, a door driving unit for driving the door, and a rotation direction of the rotor, in which the chute is disposed. Means for rotating the rotor, during normal operation, in a state where the upper opening of the discharge chute for discharging foreign matter or the like is closed, the rotor is rotated in the normal rotation direction into the receiving blade portion from the other end side of the fixed blade block. A single-shaft crusher, characterized in that the crusher is rotated. 5. A single-shaft crusher according to claim 4, wherein said detecting means detects that the rotation of said rotor has been stopped, and said door is moved to the open position in accordance with a signal indicating that said rotation of said rotor has been stopped. And an automatic control circuit for outputting a command for moving the rotor and a command for switching the rotation direction of the rotor to the reverse direction.