JP2002027811A - Fertilizer applicator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable good fertilizer-application operation while keeping the distributed amount applied so as to be a set value in a fertilizer applicator. SOLUTION: A distributing amount-regulating structure (91) for regulating an amount discharged of the fertilizer in a fertilizer hopper (37), and a reduced amount sensor (94) of the fertilizer, for detecting the reduced amount of the fertilizer in the fertilizer hopper (37) per fixed time are installed to maintain the amount applied so as to be a set value by driving and controlling the application amount-regulating structure (91) based on the detected value of the sensor (94).

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a rice transplanter having a seedling mounting table and planting claws for continuously performing seedling planting operations, and to a fertilizer applying fertilizer simultaneously to the side of a planting strip.

[0002]

Conventionally, in a rice transplanter in which fertilization is simultaneously performed during planting operation, a substantially constant amount of fertilizer is always fed out regardless of field conditions, so that only a small amount of fertilization is required. Unnecessary fertilization is also performed in places where it is not necessary, and there are inconveniences such as worsening paddy surface conditions and increasing fertilizer loss and making it uneconomical, and when a large amount of fertilization is required, only a small amount of fertilization is performed There were inconveniences such as making the crops grow poorly.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention provides a fertilizer application amount adjusting mechanism for adjusting the amount of fertilizer fed out of a fertilizer hopper, a fertilizer weight reduction sensor for detecting the amount of fertilizer decrease in a fertilizer hopper per fixed time, and The fertilizer application control mechanism is driven and maintained at the set fertilizer application amount based on the detection value of the sensor. Is satisfactorily grown under substantially uniform field environmental conditions to improve crop productivity.

In addition, a distance sensor for detecting the distance from the surface of the fertilizer is movably provided in the upper part of the fertilizer hopper, and the distance sensor detects the amount of decrease in the fertilizer per fixed time. The amount of fertilization is easily detected by a simple distance sensor, and the set amount of fertilization is accurately adjusted and maintained.

[0005] Further, when the distance sensor detects a certain distance or more from the surface of the fertilizer, the alarm device is activated, and the operator can easily be informed of the fertilizer replenishment time by operating the alarm device, and the fertilizer application. This aims to improve work efficiency.

[0006]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view of a riding rice transplanter, and FIG. 2 is a plan view of the same. In the drawing, (1) is a traveling vehicle which is a traveling body on which an operator rides, and an engine (2) is mounted in front of a body frame (3). The front axle case (5) supports a paddy traveling front wheel (6) via a front axle case (5) in front of the transmission case (4), and a rear axle case (7) is connected to the rear of the transmission case (4). The rear axle case (7) supports a paddy field traveling rear wheel (8) as a wheel. A spare seedling mount (10) is attached to both sides of the hood (9) covering the engine (2) and the like, and the step (12) is a body cover on which an operator rides via a footrest (11). A driver's seat (13) is mounted above the step (12), covering the transmission case (4) and the like, and a steering handle (14) is provided in front of the driver's seat (13) and at the rear of the hood (9).

[0007] In the figure, reference numeral (15) denotes a planting portion provided with a seedling mounting table (16) for planting six rows and a plurality of planting claws (17). Forward tilting seedling platform (1
6) is supported on a planting case (20) via a lower rail (18) and a guide rail (19) so as to be reciprocally slidable right and left, and a rotary case (21) is rotated at a constant speed in one direction. A pair of claw cases (22) and (22) are supported at the case (20) and symmetrically positioned around the rotation axis of the case (21), and the claw case (22) is provided.
(22) Attach the planting claws (17) and (17) to the tip. A support frame (24) is provided on the front side of the planting case (20) via a rolling fulcrum shaft (23), and travels via a link mechanism (27) including a top link (25) and a lower link (26). A support frame (24) is connected to the rear side of the vehicle (1), and a lifting cylinder (28) for raising and lowering the planting section (15) is connected to the lower link (26) via the link mechanism (27). Front and rear wheels (6)
(8) is driven to move and at the same time, a seedling for one plant is planted from the seedling mounting table (16) which is reciprocally slid left and right.
7), the seedlings are continuously planted.

In the figure, (29) is a main shift lever, (3)
0) is a planting elevating lever, (31) is a planting sensitivity setting device,
(32) is a main clutch pedal, (33) and (33) are left and right brake pedals, (34) is a center float for two-row equalization, (35) is a side float for two-row equalization, and (3)
6) is a fertilizer applicator which is a fertilizer device for 6 rows.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a fertilizer hopper (37) for adding fertilizer, a fertilizer feeding case (38) as a fertilizer feeding section for supplying fertilizer, and a float (34).
(35) A turbo blower-type blower (41) for discharging fertilizer through a flexible transfer hose (40) to a side striation groove device (39), and a cylindrical air tank (42) are connected to the fertilizer ( 36), a blower (41) is attached to the right end of the air tank (42), and six sets of six fertilizer feeding cases (38)... Are disposed above the air tank (42).

A left and right base frame (4) is provided on both sides of a horizontal frame (44) extending between upper ends of left and right supports (43) at the rear end of the body frame (3) via a base mounting plate or the like.
5), a side stay (46) is connected between the rear end of the base frame (45), which is substantially horizontal in the front-rear direction, and the body frame (3), and the left and right base frames (45) are connected.
A fertilizer applicator (36) is supported by a fertilizer application frame (47) that is erected on (45).

As shown in FIG. 6, the feeding case (38)
A lower outlet (51) of the hopper (37) is fitted into an inlet (50) on the front side of the upper surface of the upper case, and an outlet tube (52) is formed at the lower front side of the feed case (38). 52) is closed by an opening / closing plug (53).

A bottom cover (5) inclined forward (the upper end is inclined forward and the lower end is inclined backward) is provided on the lower surface of the feeding case (38).
4) is detachably fixed, and a joint portion (55) is formed under the funnel-shaped bottom cover (54) made of hard synthetic resin.
And a joint pipe (5) for connecting the bottom cover (54) and the joint part (55) through an outlet (56) having a small mouth area to fit the front end to the air tank (42).
7) The front end of the joint (55) is connected and connected to the rear end, and the transfer hose (4) is connected to the rear end of the joint (55).
0), air from the blower (41) is blown out from the air tank (42) to the joint (55) and the hose (40), and the joint (55) is discharged from the outlet (56) of the bottom cover (54). ) Use fertilizer (4
It is configured so that the air is conveyed to the position of the groove making device (39) via 0).

Further, an inlet plate (59) having an inlet (58), a feed plate (61) having a plurality of outlets (60)... On the same circumference, and an outlet plate having a discharge port (62). (63), and each plate (59) (6) made of a substantially circular flat plate.
1) The (63) is disposed between the feeding case (38) and the bottom lid (54) in a forwardly inclined and multilayered manner, and the feeding case (3) is provided.
8) The feeding shaft (64) is rotatably supported on the rear side in a forwardly inclined posture, and the lower end of the feeding shaft (64) is made to pass through the center of each of the plates (59), (61) and (63), and the entrance is formed. The plate (59) and the outlet plate (63) are locked to the feeding case (38), and each plate (5
9) The feeding shaft (64) idles with respect to (63), and the feeding plate (61) is supported by the feeding shaft (64).
The feeding plate (61) is forcibly rotated by the feeding shaft (64), and the fertilizer that has entered the feeding port (60) from the intake port (58) is moved to the discharge port (62) and drops toward the outlet port (56). It is configured to be.

A fertilizer outlet (65) is opened on the lower surface on the inlet side of the take-out cylinder (52), and an opening / closing plug (53) is slidably inserted into the take-out cylinder (52). The opening and closing operation body (66) on the side is protruded outward from the take-out cylinder (52), and when the operation body (66) is pushed in, the plug (5) is opened.
The outlet (65) is closed by the outer peripheral surface of (3), and the outlet (65) is closed when the operating body (66) is pulled out forward.
Is opened to discharge the fertilizer in the feeding case (38) to the outside.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, a PTO shaft (6) for transmitting the output of the engine (2) to the planting portion (15).
7) extends rearward from the transmission case (4), and the bearing case (68) is welded or bolted to the left support (43), and the input shaft (69) of the bearing case (68) is connected to the PTO. Chain (7) in the middle of shaft (67)
0), the output shaft (72) is interlocked to the input shaft (69) via the chain (71) in the bearing case (68), and the output shaft (72) behind the bearing case (68). The input shaft (74) of the ring cone continuously variable transmission (73) at the end
And the continuously variable transmission (73) on the rear shift side (75).
Through a pair of bevel gears (76) to the transmission output shaft (7).
7) are connected in an interlocking manner, and the feed-in input shaft (81) is connected to a left-right feed-out drive shaft (79) which is interlockingly connected to each feed-out shaft (64) via a pair of bevel gears (78) via a pair of bevel gears (80). ), The transmission output shaft (77) and the feeding input shaft (81) are connected by a universal joint shaft (82).
The fertilizer (36) is driven by the output from the engine (2), and the amount of fertilizer delivered from the delivery case (38) is adjusted by the speed change operation of the continuously variable transmission (73). ing.

The continuously variable transmission (73) has an input shaft (7).
4) An input disk (83) disposed on the output shaft (75), an output disk (84) disposed on the output shaft (75), and a plurality of planetary cones (85) disposed between the plates (83) and (84). ) And a transmission ring (86) frictionally engaging the conical surface of the planetary cone (85).
And a speed change operation screw shaft (88) coupled to a shifter (87) of the speed change ring (86), and a motor shaft (90) interlockingly connected to the operation screw shaft (88) via a pair of bevel gears (89). Fertilizer control motor (9)
1), the speed change ring (86) is moved via the shifter (87) by forward / reverse drive of the control motor (91) or manual rotation of the operation screw shaft (88), and the planetary cone (85)
By changing the friction engagement position of the conical surface to the left, the rotation taken out of the output shaft (75) is continuously variable, and the amount of fertilizer fed out from the feeding case (38) is adjusted. It is configured as follows.

As shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, the fertilizer hopper (37) is formed in a substantially rectangular solid shape that is long in the left-right direction, and the upper part of the hopper (37) communicates in the left-right direction. 1
One common storage chamber (92a), the lower part of the hopper (37) is partitioned by a partition wall (93) to form six individual storage chambers (92b) for six rows, and the lower outlet (51 ) It is configured to discharge more fertilizer.

An ultrasonic sensor (94), which is a distance sensor, is disposed at the center of the upper part of the inside of the fertilizer hopper (37) so as to be movable in the left and right directions.
The sensor base (99) is connected to the lateral feed screw shaft (95) and the guide shaft (96) disposed in parallel in the left-right direction along a) through the respective connecting members (97) and the engaging members (98). An ultrasonic sensor (94) that connects the ends and the transmitter (94a) and the receiver (95b) faces downward is fixed to the tip of the sensor base (99), and is connected to one end of the screw shaft (95). By the forward / reverse drive of the feed motor (100), the sensor (9) moves in the left-right direction at the front-rear center position of the common storage chamber (92a).
4) is moved so that the distance between the surface of the fertilizer stored in the hopper (37) and the sensor (94) is detected by the sensor (94).

Further, a left / right limit switch (101) (1) for detecting a left / right moving end of the ultrasonic sensor (94).
02) is provided in the hopper (37) and the traverse motor (10
At the end of the right and left movement of the sensor (94) by the driving of (0), the movement is stopped.

Then, as shown in FIG. 10, a fertilizer amount setting device (1) for setting a standard fertilizer amount b (kg / 10a) per unit.
03), a specific gravity setting device (104) for setting the bulk specific gravity of the fertilizer to be used, a planting switch (105) that is turned on in conjunction with the operation of engaging the planting clutch, and A vehicle speed sensor (10
6) and an alarm lamp (107) and a buzzer (108), which are replenishment alarm devices for notifying a certain amount or less of the fertilizer in the fertilizer hopper (37), and the limit and planting switches (101) and (102). (105), the ultrasonic and vehicle speed sensors (94) and (106), and the fertilizer amount and specific gravity setting devices (103) and (104) are connected to the fertilizer controller (109). (1
00) forward and reverse rotation circuits (110) and (111), and a fertilization amount control motor (91) increase / decrease circuit (112) (113)
The controller (109) is connected to the alarm lamp (107) and the buzzer (108), and the ultrasonic sensor (9) is connected.
It is configured to drive the fertilization amount control motor (91) based on the detection of 4).

The present embodiment is constructed as described above, and as shown in the flow chart of FIG. 11 and the diagram of FIG. 12, the lateral feed motor (100) When the ultrasonic sensor (94) moves in one direction from left to right or from right to left by driving the first sensor data (f), the distance from the surface of the fertilizer is continuously measured in the left and right direction by the ultrasonic sensor (94). (X) obtained as｝,
From the difference between the second measurement data {g (x)} and the data {f (x)} obtained in the same manner after the lapse of a certain time ({t), the fertilizer in the hopper (37) for a certain time ({t ) Is calculated {g (x) −f (x)}. The hopper (3
7) Since the fertilizer in the central part of each individual storage room (92b) centering on the lower outlet (51) decreases rapidly, the lower outlet (5)
When the fertilizer surface layer is concave around 1) and the sensor (94) is moved in the left and right direction, the waveform measurement data Δf
(X)｝ · {g (x)} is obtained.

W is the total width of the hopper (37).
Assuming that the number of sampling data is n, the average value of weight loss h
Is calculated by h = 1 / n {g (x) -f (x)}, approximating one hopper as a cylinder, and calculating the cross-sectional area of A as A = π
When expressed by × (W1 / 2) × (W1 / 2) (W1 is the diameter), the total weight loss V of the six-row hopper (37) is V = A ×
When the bulk specific gravity of the fertilizer is set to C, the fertilizer weight y reduced to Δt time is calculated as y = V × C (kg).

At this time, assuming that the average running speed v (m / s) and the working width L (m) within the time Δt, the fertilization amount a (kg / 10a) per unit area is a = (1000 × y) ) /
(L × v × Δt) and the fertilizer application setting device (1
When the reference fertilization rate b (kg / 10a) is set in 03), the control motor (91) performs control to make a equal to b (b ≒ a).

When the measured data {g (x)}, which is a measured value during the fertilizer application operation, is equal to or more than a predetermined value, it is determined that the amount of fertilizer stored in the hopper (37) has decreased below the limit, and an alarm is issued. The lamp (107) and the buzzer (108) are operated to notify the worker of the need for replenishment.

As described above, during the fertilization operation, the amount of fertilization per unit area is automatically detected from the fertilizer reduction state in the fertilizer hopper (37). By controlling the actual amount of fertilizer to be more or less, and applying the required amount of fertilizer to the required places,
The purpose is to keep the fertilizer component in the planting field appropriate and uniform.

In the case of the present embodiment, soil sampling collected by a soil sampling vehicle or the like is analyzed in advance, and a soil component map created from the soil data and the collecting position is recorded on a magnetic disk, and the next rice transplanting is performed. At the time of fertilization work, etc., it is provided to perform fertilization amount control based on the soil component map, and it is possible to easily perform fertilization work to make the planting field scene a substantially uniform soil component by preventing wasteful use of fertilizer. Can be done.

In this embodiment, the ultrasonic sensor (94) is used as the distance sensor, but may be an optical sensor or a float sensor.

[0028]

As is apparent from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a fertilizer application amount adjusting mechanism (91) for adjusting the amount of fertilizer to be fed out of the fertilizer hopper (37) and a fertilizer in the fertilizer hopper (37) per fixed time. Fertilizer weight loss sensor (9
4) to control the fertilizer application amount control mechanism (91) based on the detection value of the sensor (94) to maintain the set fertilizer application amount. It is possible to always maintain an appropriate amount of fertilizer and grow crops such as rice satisfactorily under substantially uniform field environment conditions, thereby improving crop productivity.

A distance sensor (94) for detecting the distance to the surface of the fertilizer is provided movably above the fertilizer hopper (37), and the distance sensor (94) detects the amount of decrease in the fertilizer per fixed time. Therefore, the amount of fertilization can be easily detected by a simple distance sensor (94) such as an ultrasonic sensor, and the set amount of fertilization can be accurately adjusted and maintained.

Further, when the distance sensor (94) detects a certain distance or more from the surface of the fertilizer, the alarm device (107)
Since (108) is operated, the operator can easily be notified of the fertilizer replenishment time and the like by the operation of the alarm devices (107) and (108), thereby improving the efficiency of fertilization work. is there.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall side view of a rice transplanter.

FIG. 2 is an overall plan view of the rice transplanter.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the planting section.

FIG. 4 is a rear view of the fertilizer applicator.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory side view of the speed change drive unit.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory sectional view of a feeding case portion.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory rear view of the fertilizer hopper.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a fertilizer hopper.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory plan view of a fertilizer hopper.

FIG. 10 is a control circuit diagram.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart.

FIG. 12 is an output diagram of an ultrasonic sensor.

[Explanation of symbols]

 (37) Fertilizer hopper (91) Fertilizer application control motor (fertilizer application control mechanism) (94) Ultrasonic sensor (distance sensor) (107) Alarm lamp (alarm device) (108) Alarm buzzer (alarm device)

Claims (3)

[Claims] A fertilizer application mechanism for adjusting the amount of fertilizer fed out of a fertilizer hopper, and a sensor for reducing the amount of fertilizer in a fertilizer hopper per fixed time are provided. A fertilizer applicator characterized in that it is configured to drive and control a fertilizer amount adjusting mechanism based on the fertilizer amount to maintain a set fertilizer amount. 2. A fertilizer hopper, wherein a distance sensor for detecting a distance from the surface of the fertilizer is movably provided in an upper portion of the fertilizer hopper, and the distance sensor is provided so as to detect a decrease amount of the fertilizer per fixed time. The fertilizer according to claim 1. 3. The fertilizer applicator according to claim 2, wherein an alarm device is activated when the distance sensor detects a certain distance or more from the surface of the fertilizer.