JP2002027810A - Fertilizer applicator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable a good fertilizer application operation while maintaining the application amount so as to be a set value in a fertilizer applicator. SOLUTION: A distributing amount-regulating structure (91) for regulating the amount of the discharged fertilizer in a fertilizer hopper (37), and a load sensor (98) for detecting the weight of the fertilizer in the fertilizer hopper (37) are installed so that the distributed amount may be calculated from the detected value of the load sensor (98) and the distributing amount may be set to the set value by driving and regulating the distributing amount-regulating structure (91).

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a rice transplanter having a seedling mounting table and planting claws for continuously performing seedling planting operations, and to a fertilizer applying fertilizer simultaneously to the side of a planting strip.

[0002]

Conventionally, in a fertilizer that simultaneously performs fertilizer application during rice transplanting, a substantially constant amount of fertilizer is always fed out regardless of field conditions, and therefore, only a small amount of fertilizer is required. There are inconveniences such as excessive fertilization being applied to places, worsening paddy field conditions and increasing fertilizer loss and making it uneconomical, and when a large amount of fertilization is required, only a small amount of fertilization is performed There were inconveniences such as causing poor growth of the crop.

[0003]

Accordingly, the present invention provides a fertilizer application amount adjusting mechanism for adjusting the amount of fertilizer fed out of the fertilizer hopper and a load sensor for detecting the weight of the fertilizer in the fertilizer hopper. The fertilizer rate is calculated and the fertilizer rate control mechanism is driven to maintain the set fertilizer rate.The fertilizer rate is easily calculated from the change in the weight of the fertilizer in the fertilizer hopper, and the fertilizer is applied to the field during fertilization work. The purpose of the present invention is to constantly maintain a required appropriate fertilizer application rate and grow crops such as rice satisfactorily under substantially uniform field environment conditions, thereby improving crop productivity.

In addition, the total weight of a fertilizer application section such as a fertilizer hopper is detected by a load sensor, and the output signal of the load sensor is subjected to a flattening process. In addition to performing accurate calculation of the amount, the output of the load sensor is removed by a flattening process using a low-pass filter or the like to remove vibration components at the time of running the machine or the like, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the fertilization amount.

Further, the total weight of the fertilizer application section is detected by a plurality of load sensors, and the size of the fertilizer application section is increased (for example, when the fertilizer application section is used as a side-row fertilizer for six or more multi-row rice transplanters). Even if the length is long, the total weight of the fertilizer application part is accurately detected to improve the detection accuracy of the fertilizer application amount.

[0006]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view of a riding rice transplanter, and FIG. 2 is a plan view of the same. In the drawing, (1) is a traveling vehicle which is a traveling body on which an operator rides, and an engine (2) is mounted in front of a body frame (3). The front axle case (5) supports a paddy traveling front wheel (6) via a front axle case (5) in front of the transmission case (4), and a rear axle case (7) is connected to the rear of the transmission case (4). The rear axle case (7) supports a paddy field traveling rear wheel (8) as a wheel. A spare seedling mount (10) is attached to both sides of the hood (9) covering the engine (2) and the like, and the step (12) is a body cover on which an operator rides via a footrest (11). A driver's seat (13) is mounted above the step (12), covering the transmission case (4) and the like, and a steering handle (14) is provided in front of the driver's seat (13) and at the rear of the hood (9).

[0007] In the figure, reference numeral (15) denotes a planting portion provided with a seedling mounting table (16) for planting six rows and a plurality of planting claws (17). Forward tilting seedling platform (1
6) is supported on a planting case (20) via a lower rail (18) and a guide rail (19) so as to be reciprocally slidable right and left, and a rotary case (21) is rotated at a constant speed in one direction. A pair of claw cases (22) and (22) are supported at the case (20) and symmetrically positioned around the rotation axis of the case (21), and the claw case (22) is provided.
(22) Attach the planting claws (17) and (17) to the tip. A support frame (24) is provided on the front side of the planting case (20) via a rolling fulcrum shaft (23), and travels via a link mechanism (27) including a top link (25) and a lower link (26). A support frame (24) is connected to the rear side of the vehicle (1), and a lifting cylinder (28) for raising and lowering the planting section (15) is connected to the lower link (26) via the link mechanism (27). Front and rear wheels (6)
(8) is driven to move and at the same time, a seedling for one plant is planted from the seedling mounting table (16) which is reciprocally slid left and right.
7), the seedlings are continuously planted.

In the figure, (29) is a main shift lever, (3)
0) is a planting elevating lever, (31) is a planting sensitivity setting device,
(32) is a main clutch pedal, (33) and (33) are left and right brake pedals, (34) is a center float for two-row equalization, (35) is a side float for two-row equalization, and (3)
6) is a fertilizer applicator which is a fertilizer application section for 6 rows.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a fertilizer hopper (37) for adding fertilizer, a fertilizer feeding case (38) as a fertilizer feeding section for supplying fertilizer, and a float (34).
(35) A turbo blower-type blower (41) for discharging fertilizer through a flexible transfer hose (40) to a side striation groove device (39), and a cylindrical air tank (42) are connected to the fertilizer ( 36), a blower (41) is attached to the right end of the air tank (42), and six sets of six fertilizer feeding cases (38)... Are disposed above the air tank (42).

A horizontal frame (44) extending between the upper ends of the left and right supports (43) at the rear end of the vehicle body frame (3). And a side stay (46) is connected between the rear end of the substantially horizontal base frame (45) and the vehicle body frame (3) to form a base frame (45).
(45) Fertilizer support frames (4)
7) a fertilizer application frame (48) of the fertilizer applicator (36) is supported by a guide roller (49) or the like so as to be able to move up and down.

As shown in FIG. 6, the feeding case (38)
A lower outlet (51) of the hopper (37) is fitted into an inlet (50) on the front side of the upper surface of the upper case, and an outlet tube (52) is formed at the lower front side of the feed case (38). 52) is closed by an opening / closing plug (53).

A bottom cover (5) inclined forward (the upper end is inclined forward and the lower end is inclined backward) is provided on the lower surface of the feeding case (38).
4) is detachably fixed, and a joint portion (55) is formed under the funnel-shaped bottom cover (54) made of hard synthetic resin.
And a joint pipe (5) for connecting the bottom cover (54) and the joint part (55) through an outlet (56) having a small mouth area to fit the front end to the air tank (42).
7) The front end of the joint (55) is connected and connected to the rear end, and the transfer hose (4) is connected to the rear end of the joint (55).
0), air from the blower (41) is blown out from the air tank (42) to the joint (55) and the hose (40), and the joint (55) is discharged from the outlet (56) of the bottom cover (54). ) Use fertilizer (4
It is configured so that the air is conveyed to the position of the groove making device (39) via 0).

Further, an inlet plate (59) having an inlet (58), a feed plate (61) having a plurality of outlets (60)... On the same circumference, and an outlet plate having a discharge port (62). (63), and each plate (59) (6) made of a substantially circular flat plate.
1) The (63) is disposed between the feeding case (38) and the bottom lid (54) in a forwardly inclined and multilayered manner, and the feeding case (3) is provided.
8) The feeding shaft (64) is rotatably supported on the rear side in a forwardly inclined posture, and the lower end of the feeding shaft (64) is made to pass through the center of each of the plates (59), (61) and (63), and the entrance is formed. The plate (59) and the outlet plate (63) are locked to the feeding case (38), and each plate (5
9) The feeding shaft (64) idles with respect to (63), and the feeding plate (61) is supported by the feeding shaft (64).
The feeding plate (61) is forcibly rotated by the feeding shaft (64), and the fertilizer that has entered the feeding port (60) from the intake port (58) is moved to the discharge port (62) and drops toward the outlet port (56). It is configured to be.

A fertilizer outlet (65) is opened on the lower surface on the inlet side of the take-out cylinder (52), and an opening / closing plug (53) is slidably inserted into the take-out cylinder (52). The opening and closing operation body (66) on the side is protruded outward from the take-out cylinder (52), and when the operation body (66) is pushed in, the plug (5) is opened.
The outlet (65) is closed by the outer peripheral surface of (3), and the outlet (65) is closed when the operating body (66) is pulled out forward.
Is opened to discharge the fertilizer in the feeding case (38) to the outside.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, a PTO shaft (6) for transmitting the output of the engine (2) to the planting portion (15).
7) extends rearward from the transmission case (4), and the bearing case (68) is welded or bolted to the left support (43), and the input shaft (69) of the bearing case (68) is connected to the PTO. Chain (7) in the middle of shaft (67)
0), the output shaft (72) is interlocked to the input shaft (69) via the chain (71) in the bearing case (68), and the output shaft (72) behind the bearing case (68). The input shaft (74) of the ring cone continuously variable transmission (73) at the end
And the continuously variable transmission (73) on the rear shift side (75).
Through a pair of bevel gears (76) to the transmission output shaft (7).
7) are connected in an interlocking manner, and the feed-in input shaft (81) is connected to a left-right feed-out drive shaft (79) which is interlockingly connected to each feed-out shaft (64) via a pair of bevel gears (78) via a pair of bevel gears (80). ), The transmission output shaft (77) and the feeding input shaft (81) are connected by a universal joint shaft (82).
The fertilizer (36) is driven by the output from the engine (2), and the amount of fertilizer delivered from the delivery case (38) is adjusted by the speed change operation of the continuously variable transmission (73). ing.

The continuously variable transmission (73) has an input shaft (7).
4) An input disk (83) disposed on the output shaft (75), an output disk (84) disposed on the output shaft (75), and a plurality of planetary cones (85) disposed between the plates (83) and (84). ) And a transmission ring (86) frictionally engaging the conical surface of the planetary cone (85).
And a speed change operation screw shaft (88) coupled to a shifter (87) of the speed change ring (86), and a motor shaft (90) interlockingly connected to the operation screw shaft (88) via a pair of bevel gears (89). Fertilizer control motor (9)
1), the speed change ring (86) is moved via the shifter (87) by forward / reverse drive of the control motor (91) or manual rotation of the operation screw shaft (88), and the planetary cone (85)
By changing the friction engagement position of the conical surface to the left, the rotation taken out of the output shaft (75) is continuously variable, and the amount of fertilizer fed out from the feeding case (38) is adjusted. It is configured as follows.

As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the fertilizer application frame (48) includes front and rear horizontal frames (92) and (93) for connecting and supporting the feeding cases (38), and horizontal frames (92) and (9).
3) An outer frame (94) which is fixed to the left and right ends to form attachment portions (94a) for the rollers (49) above and below the outer surface, and a left and right intermediate portion between the horizontal frames (92) and (93). And an inner frame (96) integrally connected to a horizontal lower frame (95) at a lower end thereof, and an inner side of a support frame (47) which stands up and down at both ends of the base frame (45). Guide rollers (49) attached to the front and rear roller shafts (49a) of the upper and lower attachment portions (94a) are fitted in the guide grooves (97), and the fertilizer application frame (48) is vertically movable on the base frame (45). And a lower frame (95) supported by a load sensor (98) formed by a single load cell at a substantially central portion of the base frame (45), and the fertilizer hopper (37) and the feeding case (38). ·Blower 41) - the air tank (42) such as fertilizer machines the total weight of (36) are configured to be detected by the load sensor (98). The load sensor (98) may be a pressure sensor or a strain sensor other than the load cell.

Then, as shown in FIG. 9, a dial (99a) for setting a standard fertilization rate b (kg / 10a) per unit.
Fertilizer setting device (99) and a vehicle speed sensor (100) for detecting the running output from the transmission case (4)
And a fertilizer application amount display (101) for displaying the fertilizer application amount set by the setting device (99) on a digital display surface (101a).
And an alarm lamp (102) and a buzzer (103) for notifying a certain amount or less of the fertilizer in the fertilizer hopper (37) and an abnormal operation, and a load sensor (98) through a low-pass filter (104). The fertilizer application controller (105) includes a fertilizer amount setting device (99) and a vehicle speed sensor (100).
And a circuit (106) (107) for increasing / decreasing the control motor (91), and a fertilizer amount indicator (101).
And a warning lamp and a buzzer (102) (103), and drives the fertilization amount control motor (91) based on the detection of the load sensor (98).

This embodiment is constructed as described above. When the fertilizer amount is set by the setting device (99) as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 10 and the output diagram of FIG. b (kg / 10a) is the indicator (10
1), and when the detection data of the load sensor (98) is input via the low-pass filter (104),
Weight difference per unit time (△ t) from detected data (よ り W)
Is calculated as a change amount (amount of fertilization) Q (f / s) (Q = △ W / △ t).

At this time, assuming that the average running speed v (m / s) and the work width L (m) (determined from the number of strips) during the time Δt, the fertilization amount a per unit area a (kg / 10
a) is calculated by a = Q / v × L, and the control for matching the fertilization amount a to the set fertilization amount b (b ≒ a) is performed by the motor (9).
1), the set fertilizer application amount (b) is kept constant.

Further, as shown in FIG. 11, when the output of the load sensor (98) during operation is changed from the inversely proportional state to the horizontal state and the variation (Q) is reduced beyond an allowable range, the fertilizer of the hopper (37) When it is determined that there is a shortage or the fertilizer is clogged with the hose (40) or the like, the alarm lamp (102) and the buzzer (103) are operated to notify the operator of the abnormality.

As described above, during the fertilizer application operation, the fertilizer applicator (36) including the hopper (37) mounted on the machine can be used without the trouble of actually measuring the amount of fertilizer and the necessity of installing a complicated measuring device. ) Automatically detect the amount of fertilization per unit area based on the change in total weight, and control the actual fertilization amount to be more or less when the set fertilization amount is small or large, and The fertilizer is applied in a required amount to maintain the fertilizer component in the planting field properly and uniformly.

In the case of the present embodiment, soil sampling collected by a soil sampling vehicle or the like is analyzed in advance, and a soil component map created from soil data and a collecting position is recorded on a magnetic disk, and the next rice transplanting is performed. At the time of fertilization work, etc., it is provided to perform fertilization amount control based on the soil component map, and it is possible to easily perform fertilization work to make the planting field scene a substantially uniform soil component by preventing wasteful use of fertilizer. Can be done.

Further, by subjecting the output of the load sensor (98) to a flattening process by a low-pass filter (104), the output of the machine, the fertilizer drive system, and the running time (roughness of the plow,
The vibration component of the wheel lug is removed, and the sensor (9) is removed.
The output waveform of 8) can be flattened to improve the detection accuracy, and can be any method such as a method of calculating and using the average value of the output by the controller (105) in addition to the low-pass filter (104) or a means of mechanically performing the output. But it is good.

In the above embodiment, the fertilizer (3
Although the configuration in which the weight at the substantially central portion of 6) is detected by the load sensor (98) using a load cell is shown, as shown in FIG. 12, two load sensors (98) are provided at both ends of the fertilizer applicator (36).
a) (98b) may be provided to calculate the fertilization amount a from the sum (Q1 + Q2) of the change amounts Q1 and Q2 detected by these two load sensors (98a) and (98b).
For a fertilizer structure that is longer than 6 articles in the horizontal direction,
It is more accurate to detect with two load sensors (98a) and (98b) on the left and right than with one load sensor (98) at the center. A configuration in which two or more load sensors (98) are installed But it is good.

FIG. 13 shows a configuration in which one load sensor (98) is installed, so that the fertilizer applicator (36) can be used.
Of the fertilizer applicator (3) is pivotally supported on a base frame (45) via a pivot shaft (108).
6) A configuration in which the other end side of 6) is supported on a base frame (45) via a load sensor (98), and the change amount Q of the fertilizer is detected by a single load sensor (98) as in the previous embodiment. Thus, the guide member such as the guide roller (49) as in the above-described embodiment is not required, and the structure can be made compact.

[0027]

As is apparent from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a fertilizer application amount adjusting mechanism (91) for adjusting the amount of fertilizer fed out of the fertilizer hopper (37), and detects the weight of the fertilizer in the fertilizer hopper (37). Since a load sensor (98) is provided to calculate the fertilizer amount from the detected value of the load sensor (98) and to drive-control the fertilizer amount adjusting mechanism (91) to maintain the set fertilizer amount, the fertilizer hopper (37) The amount of fertilizer is easily calculated from the change in the weight of fertilizer in (37), and the appropriate amount of fertilizer required for the field is always maintained during fertilization work, so that crops such as rice are grown under substantially uniform field environmental conditions. And can improve the productivity of crops.

The fertilizer application section (3) such as a fertilizer hopper (37)
6) The total weight is detected by the load sensor (98),
Since the output signal of the load sensor (98) is subjected to a flattening process, it is possible to easily detect the total weight change of the fertilizer application part (36) and accurately calculate the fertilizer application amount. The output of the sensor (98) is a low-pass filter (1
By using a flattening process such as that described in (04), vibration components at the time of running the machine or running can be removed, and the detection accuracy of the fertilization amount can be improved.

Furthermore, a plurality of load sensors (98a) (9
8b) is used to detect the total weight of the fertilizer application section (36), so that the fertilizer application section (36) becomes large (left, right, horizontal, etc.) when used as a side-row fertilizer for a 6 or more multi-row rice transplanter. (Long in the direction), it is possible to accurately detect the total weight of the fertilizer application part (36) and improve the detection accuracy of the fertilizer application amount.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall side view of a rice transplanter.

FIG. 2 is an overall plan view of the rice transplanter.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the planting section.

FIG. 4 is a rear view of the fertilizer applicator.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory side view of the speed change drive unit.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory sectional view of a feeding case portion.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory rear view of the load cell unit.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory plan view of a load cell unit.

FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of a fertilization control circuit.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart.

FIG. 11 is an output diagram of a load sensor.

FIG. 12 is another installation explanatory view of the load sensor.

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a plurality of load sensors.

[Explanation of symbols]

 (36) Fertilizer (fertilizer application part) (37) Fertilizer hopper (91) Fertilizer control motor (fertilizer control mechanism) (94) (98a) (98b) Load sensor

Claims (3)

[Claims] A fertilizer application mechanism for adjusting the amount of fertilizer fed from a fertilizer hopper, a load sensor for detecting the weight of fertilizer in the fertilizer hopper, and calculating a fertilizer amount from a detected value of the load sensor. A fertilizer applicator characterized in that the adjusting mechanism is drive-controlled to maintain the set fertilizer application amount. 2. The fertilizer applicator according to claim 1, wherein the total weight of the fertilizer application section such as a fertilizer hopper is detected by a load sensor, and an output signal of the load sensor is subjected to a flattening process. 3. The fertilizer applicator according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of load sensors detect the total weight of the fertilizer application section.