JP2002018406A - Biodegradation promoting block, biodegradation apparatus, and organic waste decomposition method using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus and a treatment manner capable of further efficiently carrying out biodegradation of organic wastes by microorganism in consideration of problems relevant to the biodegradation. SOLUTION: A closed container 1 of a biodegradation apparatus is charged with biodegradation promoting blocks 2 and organic wastes 3, the organic wastes 3 are heated indirectly and directly by heating the closed container 1 as a whole and blowing a hot air F and while the temperature of the organic wastes 3 being kept in a temperature range suitable for propagation of the microorganism, the organic wastes 3 are physically pulverized by the outer face of the biodegradation promoting blocks 2 and simultaneously the microorganism adhering to the biodegradation promoting blocks 2 is evenly dispersed, so that the biodegradation of the organic wastes 3 by microorganism is promoted.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a biodegradation accelerating block and a biodegradation treatment device for accelerating the biodegradation of organic matter, and the garbage discharged from hotels, inns, restaurants and homes using these, and the organic industry. The present invention relates to an organic waste decomposition treatment method for biodegrading wastes, marine residues, sewage sludge, manure sludge, and other organic wastes (hereinafter collectively referred to as organic wastes).

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Since many organic wastes do not directly harm nature, various modes of disposal such as incineration, landfill or ocean dumping can be used. However, the generation of dioxin is regarded as a problem in incineration, and it is practically difficult to secure landfill sites in landfills. In the case of ocean dumping, the convention has been banned from the viewpoint of preventing pollution of the sea. Therefore, a disposal mode that has begun to attract attention is biodegradation disposal utilizing the action of microorganisms.

[0003] In the biodegradation disposal, by keeping the organic waste put in a closed container at a constant temperature, microorganisms attached to the organic waste or microorganisms in the atmosphere can be propagated in the organic waste. Promotes biodegradation of organic waste and decomposes organic waste into water and carbon dioxide. To better implement the biodegradation of said microorganisms, (1) maintaining the temperature at which the microorganisms are most active, (2) physically breaking down organic waste to a size at which the microorganisms are more likely to biodegrade, and ( 3) Uniform dispersion of microorganisms in organic waste is important.

[0004] The above-mentioned points have been basically solved by heating the closed container and stirring blades provided in the closed container. Members are being used. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 08-109086 discloses a technique in which a porous wood piece or the like to which microorganisms are attached is put into a closed container together with organic waste, agitated, and mixed, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-347526 discloses an organic waste internally. Disclosed is a technique in which a filler having a hollow structure that allows entry and exit of an object is charged into an airtight container together with organic waste, followed by stirring and mixing, respectively.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 08-109086 and 11-347526 disclose a method in which a porous wooden piece is put into an airtight container together with organic waste, or a plastic or abrasion-resistant plastic is used. There is a difference in whether a metal hollow structure molded product is introduced. In the former, microorganisms are buried in microscopic holes of a piece of wood, and in the latter, microorganisms are buried in a pipe embodying a hollow structure. Although the two are equivalent in function, the wood chips absorb and retain the waste liquid in the course of decomposition, so that they easily emit an unpleasant odor, and are inferior to plastic or metal hollow structure molded articles in terms of strength. However, a metal hollow structure molded article is not preferable because it has too strong strength and may damage the closed container.

What is important in biodegradation disposal is to prepare the environment in a closed container, that is, to better satisfy the conditions (1), (2) and (3). For example, (1) With respect to maintaining a temperature at which microorganisms are most likely to be active, simply heating a closed container may cause a partial temperature difference as the amount of organic waste put into the closed container increases. Such variation in the temperature distribution may be a factor that hinders the action of microorganisms. In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-347526, a large number of ventilation holes are provided in a stirring blade so that warm air is blown out uniformly from the ventilation holes. (Crushing of waste), there is a problem that as the size of the organic waste is reduced, the possibility of blocking the vent increases.

[0007] Biodegradation by microorganisms is a microscopic function, and in order to decompose organic waste better, it is preferable to first physically break the organic waste as finely as possible (see (2) above). conditions). For this reason, conventionally, an agitation blade provided with a large number of blades and projections is rotated to crush organic waste. Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 08-109086 and
In 1-347526, crushing of organic waste is attempted by collision or rubbing of wood chips or plastic or metal hollow structure molded products put into a closed container together with organic waste, but the crushing power of wood chips is low. In the case of a cylindrical plastic or metal hollow structure molded product, a frictional force can be expected, but a crushing force cannot be expected so much.

(3) Regarding uniform dispersion of microorganisms in organic waste, see JP-A-08-109086 and JP-A-11-347526.
Any of the above can be expected because microorganisms disperse by adhering to wood chips, plastic or metal hollow structure molded products.
However, wood chips absorb water and prevent micropores where microorganisms can hide. In addition, in the case of a molded article of a hollow structure made of plastic or metal, if the hollow structure portion is too large, crushed organic matter enters and exits more and microorganisms are discharged, and if the hollow structure portion is too small, the organic matter causes clogging. It is presumed that the dispersion of microorganisms is not reliable.
In view of these problems, we are reviewing the overall decomposition process to enable more efficient biodegradation by microorganisms.
investigated.

[0009]

According to the above study, first, as an auxiliary member for improving the efficiency of the decomposition treatment, the organic matter is put into a closed container together with stirring and mixed to promote the biodegradation of the organic matter by microorganisms. The block is made of an integrally molded article of a synthetic resin having abrasion resistance, and the integrally molded article has irregularities formed on an outer surface, and applies a crushing force in a point or linear manner to an organic substance colliding by the irregularities. A biodegradation promoting block was developed. This biodegradation promoting block is mainly used for the decomposition treatment of organic waste, but can act on organic matter in general in performance.

As the synthetic resin having abrasion resistance, so-called engineering plastics such as polyacetal, nylon 12, polypropylene, polycarbonate and FRP are preferable. For example, the same plastic discarded for automobiles can be recycled. Examples of the structure of the integrally molded article having the unevenness on the outer surface include a polyhedron or a polygonal shaped article having a plurality of irregularities, and a columnar shaped article having a star-shaped cross section is particularly preferable. The convex portion of the irregularities comes into contact with the organic substance in a point or linear manner, and applies a local crushing force. The biodegradation accelerating block, because a large number of pieces are introduced, the crushing force applied to the point or the linear shape has a size and a direction of each piece,
This is suitable for miniaturization of organic substances. In addition, the concave portion among the concaves and convexes assists the dispersion of the microorganism as an attachment site of the microorganism. The biodegradation-promoting block of the present invention does not necessarily need to have a hollow structure, but in order to enhance the dispersibility of microorganisms, a hollow structure may be adopted from the viewpoint of securing a site where microorganisms can escape and dive. .

Next, the apparatus configuration is reviewed, and a processing apparatus for performing biodegradation by microorganisms while stirring and mixing the input organic substance, comprising a sealed container having a built-in stirring blade for stirring and mixing the input organic substance, A heating space is formed by covering the heat insulating jacket on the wall surface of the closed container, and a pair of hot air supply ports are provided in communication with the heating space in a downward direction and an upward direction of the stirring blade, respectively. An exhaust port is provided at a position that does not communicate with the warm space, and the entire closed vessel is heated by warm air supplied to the warming space to indirectly heat organic matter. A warm air is blown out to directly heat the organic matter, and a fresh air is supplied into the closed container by the warm air, and a generated gas or old air is discharged from an exhaust port to form a series of air. The circulation path of It has developed a biodegradable processing apparatus.

The heating of the entire closed vessel that sends warm air into the heating space has the meaning of supplementing the heat escaping to the outside during the decomposition treatment and preventing the temperature of the organic waste from dropping. On the other hand, the warm air blown out from the warm air supply port directly heats the organic matter. The organic matter to be stirred and mixed so as to be caught by the stirring blade in the closed vessel is caught and held (downward direction) in one of the rotation directions of the stirring blade, and is caught and lifted (upward direction) in the other direction. If there is only one hot air supply port,
It is directed in either the down direction or the up direction, and there is a possibility that a temperature difference occurs between the down direction and the up direction. For this reason, in the biodegradation treatment apparatus of the present invention, a pair of hot air supply ports are provided for the down direction and the up direction of the stirring blade, respectively, so that the temperature of the organic material does not decrease due to the entrainment of the stirring blade, so that the organic material is prevented. Is made substantially uniform. In this case, organic substances are not wound up by the stirring blades in the downward direction, but there is a risk of organic substances jumping up in the upward direction, so that a hot air supply port is provided at a high position to prevent clogging by organic substances. Good to do. As a result, the hot air supply port for the downward direction and the hot air supply port for the upward direction are stepped.

[0013] The hot air blown out from the hot air supply port serves to feed fresh air into the closed container, and is provided with a pair of hot air supply ports directed to the downward direction and the upward direction of the stirring blade. In this way, fresh air can be widely supplied to the whole area in the closed container. Microorganisms that exhibit biodegradation are aerobic bacteria, and the active function of the microorganisms can be ensured by appropriately discharging carbon dioxide and water vapor generated by biodegradation and sending fresh air in place. In the present invention, a combination of the hot air supply port and the exhaust port constitutes a series of air circulation paths, and realizes ventilation that can ensure active action of microorganisms. For this reason, it is more preferable that the supply of the warm air be pressurized and the exhaust be a negative pressure by suction. Exhaust simultaneously discharges water vapor, but water that liquefies and accumulates may be discharged by providing a drainage port separately in a closed container.

Thus, the organic waste is put into the sealed container of the biodegradation treatment apparatus together with the biodegradation promoting block of the present invention, and the organic waste is indirectly and directly indirectly heated by warming the whole sealed container and blowing out hot air. The biodegradation-promoting block heats the material and maintains the temperature of the organic waste in a temperature range suitable for the propagation of microorganisms. By dispersing the microorganisms uniformly on the organic waste, an organic waste decomposition treatment method that promotes biodegradation of organic wastes by the microorganisms can be realized. By the combination of the biodegradation treatment device of the present invention and the biodegradation promoting block, the conditions required for biodegradation treatment (1), (2)
And (3) are all satisfied, and almost complete biodegradation is possible in a shorter time than before. The biodegradation-promoting block is periodically washed with water and used repeatedly without abrasion even in continuous use.

[0015]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway front view of a biodegradation apparatus showing an example of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the biodegradation apparatus before starting processing, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an example of the biodegradation accelerating block 2 which is put in advance, and FIG.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view corresponding to FIG. 2 showing the completion of the processing.

The appearance and basic structure of the biodegradation treatment apparatus shown in this embodiment are the same as those of a similar apparatus which has been conventionally seen. As shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2, the biodegradation treatment apparatus mainly includes a sealed container 1 into which an organic waste 3 to be treated and a biodegradation promoting block 2 (see FIG. 3) for promoting biodegradation are charged. Although not shown, a power supply unit or a power unit of the rotating shaft 5, a control unit, a deodorizing device, and the like are additionally provided. The closed vessel 1 has a built-in rotary shaft 5 in which a stirring blade 4 is protruded in a radial direction, and a bottom portion 6 is formed in an arc shape along the outer edge of the rotation locus of the rotary blade 4. An inlet 7 is provided on the upper front surface of the closed container 1 and an outlet 8 is provided on the lower rear surface of the closed container 1. The organic waste 3 and the biodegradation accelerating block 2 are introduced through the inlet 7. Although the organic waste 3 hardly remains after undergoing biodegradation, the outlet 8 is used when the biodegradation promoting block 2 is periodically collected.

The closed container 1 has a heat insulating jacket 10 covered on a wall surface 9, and a range excluding an exhaust port 11, a drain port 12 and a rotating shaft 5 penetrating therethrough, and an inlet 7 and an outlet 8. To form a heating space S. Hot air F is supplied to the heating space S from an external heating air blower (not shown) through a hot air supply pipe 13, and the entire heating space S is heated, and the organic waste put into the closed container 1 is heated. Heat 3 indirectly. Also,
The hot air F is supplied to a pair of hot air supply ports 14 and 1 provided on the side of the closed container 1.
The organic waste 3 blown out from 5 and charged into the closed container 1 is directly heated. As shown in FIG. 2, the hot air supply ports 14 and 15 in the closed container 1 of the present embodiment include a lower supply port 14 arranged along the lower edge of the inlet 7 and an upper supply port 15 arranged above the facing surface. Consists of Since the rotating shaft 5 is rotating toward the charging port 7, the lower supply port 14 is in the downward direction of the stirring blade 4,
The upper supply port 15 corresponds to the upward direction of the stirring blade 4.
The lower supply port 14 is provided with a deflecting plate 16 for restricting the blowing direction of the warm air F obliquely downward, and the upper supply port 15 is provided with a partition plate 17 for preventing the organic waste 3 jumped up by the stirring blades 4 from jumping into the upper supply port 15. Is provided inside, and the blowing direction of the warm air F is also restricted obliquely downward.

The biodegradation promoting block 2 used in this embodiment is a hollow columnar structure having a gear or a star-shaped cross section as shown in FIG. 3, and is integrally formed of a wear-resistant engineering plastic. I have. Externally projecting teeth 18
When the (convex portion) collides with the organic waste, the crushing force is applied linearly to crush the organic waste which is undergoing biodegradation and becoming fragile and becomes finer. Microorganisms adhere to the teeth 19 between the teeth (recessed positions) or sneak into the transverse holes 20 forming a hollow structure, and are diffused substantially uniformly throughout the inside of the closed container with stirring of the biodegradation promoting block 2. It is preferable that the biodegradation promoting block 2 is small, because the total contact area with the organic waste becomes large. However, if it is too small, the crushing force becomes small. In the present invention, since the structure of the biodegradable block 2 is important, the size is not limited, but may be about 7 to 20 mm in outer shape and 7 to 20 mm in length. Also,
The engineering plastic used as the material may be newly manufactured, or may be reused, for example, the same material recovered from a scrapped vehicle.

Next, the procedure of the decomposition treatment of the organic waste 3 according to the present invention will be described. First, as shown in FIG. 2, the organic waste 3 to be treated is charged from the charging port 7 into the sealed container 1 in which a large number of biodegradation promoting blocks 2 have been charged in advance. Since the biodegradation according to the present invention does not depend on the type of the organic waste 3, it mixes garbage discharged from hotels, inns, restaurants and homes, organic industrial waste, marine residues, sewage sludge, and manure sludge. Can be processed. Microorganisms responsible for biodegradation do not need to be replenished because they attach to the organic waste 3 itself or float in the atmosphere.
In the present invention, an environment in which such microorganisms can exert their maximum capacity is created, and the organic waste 3 is biodegraded and disposed in a short time.

After the inlet 7 is closed, the stirring blades 4 are rotated as shown in FIG. 4 to stir and mix the biodegradation promoting block 2 and the organic waste 3 in a mixed state.
At the same time, the warm air F is supplied from the warm air supply pipe 13 to the heating space S, and the warm air F is blown out from the pair of warm air supply ports 14 and 15 toward the organic waste 3, thereby indirectly and directly. The organic waste 3 is heated. The blowing of the warm air F from the warm air supply ports 14 and 15 also has the meaning of supplying fresh air, but the main purpose is to heat the organic waste 3. The microorganism used in the biodegradation treatment of the present invention is generally an aerobic thermophilic bacterium, and the environmental temperature required for biodegradation is 40 to 70 ° C, preferably 45 to 55 ° C. For this reason, the warm air F may be used exclusively for realizing the above-mentioned environmental temperature, and an air inlet may be separately provided in the closed container 1 so as to replenish fresh air.

As is clear from FIG. 4, the organic waste 3 and the biodegradation promoting block 2 are stirred by the stirring blades 4.
The stirring blade 4 is compressed in the downward direction and low, and rises and rises in the upward direction. As a result, a pair of hot air supply ports 1
The distances of the organic wastes 3 and 4 to the organic waste 3 are substantially equal, and the heating action can be equalized. Thus, the hot air supply ports 14, 15
Providing a difference in height makes the temperature distribution in the closed vessel 1 uniform. Under such an environment, the organic waste 3 is directly heated by the warm air F from the lower supply port 14 and pushed down by the stirring blade 4. The indirect heating by the heating space S prevents the temperature of the organic waste 3 from lowering and helps the continuous biodegradation of microorganisms. However, the lower supply port 14
The temperature of the organic waste 3 is apt to decrease at a position farther away from, for example, the ascending blade 4. Therefore, the lowering of the temperature is prevented by blowing out the warm air F from the upper supply port 15. In the present invention, the temperature distribution in the closed container 1 is maintained substantially uniform in this way, and an environment suitable for biodegradation is established.

Another factor that speeds up the biodegradation of the organic waste 3 is physical crushing by the biodegradation promoting block 2. Microorganisms biodegrade organic waste 3 and biodegrade into carbon dioxide and water (often generated as water vapor). This biodegradation is microscopic, and if biodegradation is simply carried out, It takes time to biodegrade and erase the entire organic waste 3. Therefore, in the present invention, the organic waste 3 is physically crushed by the unevennesses 18 and 19 provided on the outer surface of the biodegradation promoting block 2 so that the organic waste 3 can be sequentially erased by micro biodegradation. . Thus, according to the present invention, the organic waste input in about 6 hours can be biodegraded and erased to such an extent that almost no solid remains.

After the treatment, as shown in FIG. 5, only the biodegradation promoting block 2 remains in the closed vessel 1, and carbon dioxide and water vapor are discharged from the exhaust port 11 and water is discharged from the drain port 12, respectively. . In order to maintain an environment suitable for biodegradation, fresh air is supplied from the hot air supply ports 14 and 15, while a suction device is connected to the exhaust port 11 and a series of air circulation paths may be configured. . In addition, since the biodegradation promoting block 2 does not have water absorption, the sewage is also biodegraded without adsorbing the sewage and the like generated by the organic waste 3. There is little risk of giving off odor. However, it is conceivable to treat organic waste that emits an odor from the beginning.
(Not shown) should be connected.

[0024]

According to the present invention, the biodegradation of organic waste can be realized in a short time without generating an off-flavor. As described above, the biodegradation treatment decomposes organic waste into carbon dioxide and water, so there is no residue to be subjected to secondary treatment, and it is an excellent waste treatment means. In addition, in the conventional apparatus, the processing time was required relatively long, so that an unpleasant odor was generated. However, in the present invention, since the processing time can be greatly reduced, there is an advantage that almost no unpleasant odor is generated.
These are largely due to the combination of a biodegradation accelerating block with added physical crushing ability and a biodegradation treatment device for maintaining an appropriate environment, especially a temperature. Respectively,
Although it can be used alone, the present invention realizes the most ideal biodegradation treatment of organic waste by using both together.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially broken front view of a biodegradation treatment apparatus showing an example of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a state before the start of processing by the biodegradation processing apparatus.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an example of a biodegradation accelerating block previously charged in a closed container of the biodegradation treatment apparatus.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view corresponding to FIG. 2 showing a state during processing.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view corresponding to FIG. 2, showing the completion of processing.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Closed container 2 Biodegradation promotion block 3 Organic waste 4 Stirrer blade 14 Lower supply port (hot air supply port) 15 Upper supply port (hot air supply port) S Heating space F Hot air

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F term (reference) 4D004 AA03 BA04 CA04 CA15 CA19 CA48 CB04 CB06 CB13 CB28 CB36 CB43 CC08 DA02 DA06 4D067 CG06 DD03 EE32 EE47 GA17 GB01 4G037 CA01 CA03 EA03 4G078 AA04 AB20 BA01 CA01 DA01

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A block for promoting biodegradation of an organic substance by microorganisms by introducing the organic substance into a closed container together with stirring and mixing, and comprises an integrally molded article of a synthetic resin having wear resistance. A biodegradation accelerating block in which the integrally molded article has irregularities formed on an outer surface thereof so that a crushing force can be applied to organic substances colliding with the irregularities in a point or linear manner. 2. A processing apparatus for biodegrading an inputted organic substance by a microorganism while stirring and mixing the same, comprising a sealed container having a built-in stirring blade for stirring and mixing the inputted organic substance, wherein a heat insulating jacket is provided on a wall surface of the closed container. To form a heating space, and a pair of hot air supply ports respectively directed to the down direction and the up direction of the stirring blade are provided in communication with the heating space, and at a position not communicating with the heating space. Provide an exhaust port,
The whole closed container is heated by the warm air supplied to the heating space to indirectly heat the organic matter, and the warm air is blown out from the hot air supply port toward the organic matter in the closed vessel to directly remove the organic matter. A biodegradation treatment apparatus configured to heat and supply fresh air into the closed container by the hot air and discharge generated gas or old air from an exhaust port to form a series of air circulation paths. 3. An organic waste together with the biodegradation accelerating block according to claim 1 is charged into the closed container of the biodegradation treatment apparatus according to claim 2, and indirectly by heating the whole closed container and blowing out hot air. And directly heating the organic waste, while maintaining the temperature of the organic waste in a temperature range suitable for the propagation of microorganisms, the biodegradation promoting block physically pulverizes the organic waste by the outer surface. An organic waste decomposition treatment method that promotes biodegradation of organic waste by microorganisms by adhering to the biodegradation promoting block while uniformly dispersing the microorganisms.