JP3978293B2 - Compost fermentation treatment equipment - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a compost fermentation treatment apparatus, and more particularly, to a compost fermentation treatment apparatus using agricultural organic excrement such as livestock excrement and daily waste such as garbage.
[0002]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Conventionally, the main raw material of compost has been agricultural organic excrement such as livestock excrement. However, recently, it has become difficult to incinerate food waste such as food residue, and the recognition of recycling has increased. Garbage is mixed with agricultural organic excrement and composted.
On the other hand, the growing awareness of environmental issues has made it a major challenge to solve the problem of malodor and sewage during compost production, and further, the demand for compost quality has become stricter due to advances in agricultural technology.
[0003]
[Prior art]
The compost production process is generally a method in which compost material is compressed and kneaded, heated, fermented in a fermentor, and cured for a predetermined time to become a product, but the increase in compost material, environmental problems, Various fermentation treatment apparatuses have been proposed to cope with quality, and among these, scoop type apparatuses are widely used as efficient fermentation treatment apparatuses.
[0004]
This scoop-type fermentation treatment apparatus uses a turn-back device that supports an endless lifting means that rotates obliquely upward on a gantry that moves along the longitudinal direction of the fermenter, and from the rear part to the front part of the fermenter. While moving toward, the compost raw material is lifted upward and dropped, and in the process of dropping, the material is exposed to air to promote aerobic fermentation.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, since the recent compost material mixed with the food residue as described above contains a large amount of polysaccharides, the compost raw material obtained by kneading and stirring these has high viscosity and tends to be a baby boom. Moreover, once it becomes a nodule, it becomes dry and hard from the surface, and it becomes difficult to break, and because of the surface hardening, the inside of the nodule does not drop moisture and is difficult to contain oxygen.
In addition, the conventional apparatus sends air from the bottom of the fermenter for the purpose of aerobic fermentation. The apparent fermentation ends without the fermentation being completed. For this reason, if the outside air temperature rises after composting and contains water, it is fermented again while generating malodors, which causes an environmental problem of generation of malodors due to so-called secondary fermentation. Moreover, if it enters the soil in a state where fermentation inside the baby boom is not completed, gas is generated in the soil, which hinders crop growth.
[0006]
Moreover, the conventional fermentation processing apparatus is provided with a hood in the fermenter in order to treat malodors, and the malodorous air in the hood is treated with a deodorizing apparatus and released to the atmosphere. Therefore, a separate deodorizing device has to be provided, which increases the cost.
[0007]
Furthermore, conventional fermenting equipment sprays sewage from above the fertilizer compost raw material to treat livestock manure sewage, but such treatment disperses sewage with particularly strong odors in the air. As a result, the generation of malodor was increased.
[0008]
Accordingly, a first object of the present invention is to provide a compost fermentation treatment apparatus for promptly producing high-quality compost without promoting generation of malodor by promoting aerobic fermentation.
[0009]
The second object of the present invention is to provide the above-mentioned compost fermentation treatment apparatus that decomposes and absorbs malodor generated in the fermenter in the fermenter without using a deodorizer.
[0010]
The third object of the present invention is to provide the above-mentioned compost fermentation treatment apparatus for fermenting and decomposing livestock manure sewage discharged from a barn etc. without releasing malodor.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the first object, the compost fermentation treatment apparatus of the present invention is supported by a fermenter into which compost raw material is introduced and a frame that moves along the longitudinal direction of the fermenter, and compost discharge from the fermenter. A scoop-type compost fermentation process having a turn-back device that lifts and drops the compost raw material upward by an endless transporting means that moves obliquely upward while moving from the outlet side toward the compost raw material inlet side. In the apparatus, at the composting material falling position of the turning-over device, the compost material is rotated upward at high speed from the bottom against the falling compost material , and the compost is crushed by the rotational impact from below on the compost mass and scattered upward A pulverizer is provided.
[0012]
In order to achieve the second object, in the compost fermentation apparatus, the present invention provides a hood that covers a part or all of the upper part of the compost fermenter, and is disposed between the inside of the hood and the floor of the fermenter. It is further characterized by having a malodor absorbing device provided with a vent line that sucks malodorous air in the hood and discharges it from below the compost raw material through a large number of exhaust holes in the longitudinal direction.
[0013]
In this case, the hood is provided over a predetermined range along the longitudinal direction from the compost raw material inlet side of the fermenter, and the exhaust hole group of the ventilation duct on the fermenter floor is provided over a predetermined range on the compost outlet side. It is desirable that the odor in the hood generated on the raw material inlet side is absorbed by the compost layer that has undergone fermentation.
[0014]
In order to achieve the third object, the present invention is arranged on the fermenter floor surface of the compost fermentation processing apparatus, with a sewage tank for excrement such as livestock and a pumping means interposed from the sewage tank. The sewage supply pipe and the sewage supply pipe in a predetermined range on the floor surface of the compost discharge port have a pouring hole formed at a predetermined interval, and the sewage sent from the sewage supply pipe is used as a compost in a fermenter that has undergone fermentation. It is further characterized in that a sewage treatment apparatus for injecting from below is provided.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a scoop type compost fermentation apparatus according to the present invention. A fermenter 1 is a fermentation process in which a compost raw material 2 heated to a fermentation temperature in a kneading and pressurizing process of compost production is introduced. In the scoop-type fermentation treatment tank, it has a length and width sufficient for the reversing device to reciprocate in order to automatically perform reversing by the mobile reversing device 3 described later. The composting material is formed at an appropriate depth so that the composting material does not spill out of the tank during turning.
[0016]
The fermenter 1 is equipped with a compost turning device 3 that scoops up compost raw materials while moving in the longitudinal direction of the fermenter 1, lifts the compost raw material obliquely upward, and drops it.
The switching device 3 in the illustrated embodiment includes a lifting device 7 in which a number of scoop brackets 6 are fixed along an endless caterpillar 5 that is rotated obliquely upward by a lifting drive means 4 such as a motor. .
[0017]
The lifting device 7 is supported by a gantry 9 that reciprocates along a rail 8 fixed in the longitudinal direction of the fermenter 1, and is integrated with the gantry 9 that is self-propelled by the gantry moving motor 10. It is designed to reciprocate in the longitudinal direction.
[0018]
Thus, the turning device 3 moves from the compost discharge side 1b of the fermenter 1 toward the compost raw material input side 1a while dropping the compost raw material 2 scooped up by the scoop bracket 6 of the lifting device 7, thereby fermenting. The compost raw material 2 in the tank 1 is turned over, and the compost raw material 2 is brought into contact with air to promote aerobic fermentation by aerobic bacteria.
[0019]
However, as described above, the compost raw material obtained by compressing and kneading a mixture of livestock excrement such as livestock excrement and garbage is highly viscous and is a baby boom. Inadequate contact causes anaerobic fermentation and produces odors.
In order to solve this problem, the present invention applies an impact to the nodule-shaped compost raw material 2 falling from the upper end of the lifting device 7 to the compost dropping position of the turning device 3, that is, on the back side of the lifting device 7. A crusher 11 for feeding, crushing and scattering is provided.
[0020]
The lifting device 7 may be hung slightly above the floor surface by a rope 24 or the like, or may be provided with a caster or the like so that the lower end rotating portion does not collide with the floor surface of the fermenter 1 with a strong force.
Further, the compost reversing operation by the reversing device 3 is performed by repeating several cycles with one cycle from the compost discharge port side 1b (rear part) to the compost raw material input port side 1a (front part) of the fermenter 1. When returning the switching device 3 to the discharge port side end, it is preferable that the rope 24 is wound up by the motor 25, the lower end of the feeding device 7 is pulled up, and the gantry moving motor 10 is reversed and automatically operated.
[0021]
The crusher 11 of the embodiment shown in the figure has a structure in which a plurality of crushing members 13 are fixed on a rotating shaft that is rotated at a high speed by a crusher driving motor 12, and crushing members 13 against the falling compost lump. Rotate at high speed to give a strong rotational impact from below the compost nodules.
In this way, the compost raw material is pulverized and scattered by the crushing member 13, so that the baby boom is in good contact with the air in a crushed state. In addition, by being scattered upward by the crushing member 13, the time during which contact with air is increased, and at the same time the crushed compost raw material is deposited softly over a wide area so that it snows, so that the accumulated compost raw material is accumulated. Aerobic fermentation decomposition proceeds rapidly with sufficient air in the bed. Therefore, fermentation and decomposition can be completed quickly without producing sewage or bad odor.
Thus, in the present invention, the pulverizer can simultaneously obtain three actions of improving air contact by crushing compost raw materials, improving air contact by scattering, and improving air contact after deposition.
[0022]
In this way, generation of malodor during fermentation is remarkably suppressed by aerobic fermentation, but countermeasures are necessary because the compost raw material itself has malodor.
That is, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, in the fermentation treatment apparatus of the present invention, the entire length of the fermenter 1 from the compost raw material inlet side 1a, for example, about two-thirds from the compost raw material inlet side 1a. Fermentation is completed in the range of about 1/3 from the compost discharge side 1b, but almost no malodor is generated in about 1/3 of the compost discharge side, but compost is not completed in the range of about 2/3 from the input port. The raw material itself smells bad.
[0023]
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the compost fermentation processing apparatus of the present invention covers a part or all of the upper part of the compost fermenter 1 with a hood 14 so that bad odor air does not go outside and the inside of the hood 14. A malodor absorbing device 15 is provided that preferably sucks the malodor from the bottom of the compost raw material 2 in the fermenter 1 and discharges it preferably from the bottom of the fermented compost raw material 2 toward the compost raw material.
The malodor absorbing device 15 of the illustrated embodiment is connected to a duct 16 communicating with the hood 14, a blower 17 that is interposed in the duct 16 and sucks odor in the hood 14, and communicates with the duct 16, and has a number of outlet holes. The vent pipe 19 is formed on the floor surface of the fermenter 1 with the blow hole 18 facing upward.
[0024]
Preferably, the hood 14 is provided over a range where malodor is generated in the fermenter 1, for example, a range of about two-thirds of the entire length in the longitudinal direction from the compost raw material inlet 1 a, and the vent pipe 19 of the malodor absorber 15. For example, the blower outlet 18 is laid over a range of about one third of the entire length in the longitudinal direction from the discharge port side 1b of the fermenter 1 so as to face the lower side of the fermented compost raw material.
[0025]
Thus, malodorous air in the hood 14 is discharged from the lower side of the compost through the duct 16, the blower 17, the vent pipe 19, and the air outlet 18.
Fermentation / decomposition of organic substances is carried out by enzymes inside and outside the microorganisms, but even if the microorganisms themselves are killed by the completion of the decomposition, the enzymes remain active, so malodorous components are added together with the in vitro enzymes. Demonstrate the ability to disassemble. That is, the bad smell in the hood 14 is efficiently absorbed by the fermented compost by the microorganism deodorizing function.
[0026]
By the way, a large amount of sewage mixed with feces and urine is discharged from livestock facilities such as barns. This sewage is beginning to be banned from being applied to the field due to problems of malodor and pathogenic bacteria, and its treatment is difficult.
Therefore, the present invention is provided with a sewage treatment apparatus that injects the sewage drained from a barn or the like into the compost raw material in the fermenter from below and absorbs the sewage into the compost without dissipating malodor.
For this reason, a sewage tank 20 for storing sewage from a barn or the like is provided, and a sewage supply pipe 21 is piped from the sewage tank 20 to the floor of the fermentation tank 1.
A portion of the sewage supply pipe 21 a disposed outside the fermenter 1 is provided with a pump 22 and a plurality of sewage supply pipes 21 b disposed on the floor of the fermenter 1 along the longitudinal direction of the upper surface. Small pouring holes 23 are formed at predetermined intervals, whereby the sewage discharged from the fermenter 1 is pumped and injected into the compost in the fermenter 1, and the sewage is absorbed into the compost layer from below. ing.
[0027]
It is desirable that the sewage supply pipe 21b in the fermenter 1 is branched into a plurality of pipes and arranged at appropriate intervals along the floor width of the fermenter 1 so that the sewage is uniformly injected into the compost of the fermenter 1. .
Moreover, in order to suppress the generation of malodor and efficiently ferment and decompose sewage, it is desirable that the sewage is absorbed in the fermented compost material or compost in the fermenter 1. For this reason, as with the malodor blow-off port 18 of the malodor absorbing device 15, the sewage pouring hole 23 has an appropriate range on the compost discharge port side 1b of the fermenter 1, preferably about the entire length of the fermenter from the compost discharge port side 1b. It is good to arrange in the range of 50%.
[0028]
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the floor of the fermenter 1 is about two-thirds from the compost raw material inlet side 1 a, that is, aerobic fermentation by sending air to the compost raw material being fermented. A blower pipe 26 is provided through a blower 27 for promoting the above.
[0029]
【effect】
The present invention provides a crusher at the compost dropping position of the turn-back device, so that the nodule-like compost material is finely crushed, the contact area with air is expanded, and the air contact is caused by being scattered farther upward by the crusher. The time becomes longer, and further, the compost material that has been crushed and scattered falls softly like snow and falls in a wide area, so it accumulates in a state containing a lot of air. Combined with these phenomena, aerobic fermentation decomposition of compost is accelerated, sewage and malodor are suppressed, and fermentation decomposition time is remarkably shortened.
[0030]
The problem of malodor is solved by sucking the malodor of the compost raw material, releasing it from below the compost raw material of the fermenter, and absorbing it into the compost, so there is no need to provide a separate deodorizing device.
[0031]
The manure sewage from livestock and the like is poured into the compost layer from below the compost and fermented and decomposed, so that the sewage is absorbed without being released to the outside, and the bad odor due to the sewage is efficiently suppressed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a main part of a compost fermentation processing apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a compost fermentation processing apparatus according to the present invention. Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Fermenter 1a ... Compost raw material inlet side 1b ... Compost discharge port side 2 ... Compost raw material 3 ... Turning device 4 ... Lifting drive means 5 ... Caterpillar 6 ... Scoop bracket 7 ... Lifting device 8 ... Rail 9 ... Stand 10 ... frame drive motor 11 ... pulverizer 12 ... pulverizer drive motor 13 ... crushing member 14 ... hood 15 ... odor absorbing device 16 ... duct 17 ... blower 18 ... blowout hole 19 ... vent pipe 20 ... sewage tanks 21, 21a, 21b ... Sewage supply pipe 22 ... pump 23 ... pouring hole 24 ... rope 25 ... motor 26 ... blower pipe 27 ... blower [reference number] PAS99008

Claims (1)

It is supported by a fermenter that feeds compost raw materials and a frame that moves along the longitudinal direction of the fermenter, and rotates diagonally upward while moving from the fertilizer discharge port side to the compost raw material input port side. A scooping-type compost fermentation processing apparatus having a turning device that lifts and drops compost raw material upward by a moving endless moving means, and is attached to the compost raw material falling position of the turning device and falls down A pulverizer for crushing the raw material while being crushed ; disposed between the floor of a predetermined range on the fermenter compost outlet side from the inside of the hood that covers part or all of the compost fermenter, and the bad odor in the hood A malodor absorbing device having a ventilation pipe that sucks air and absorbs it through a large number of exhaust holes in the longitudinal direction from below into a compost layer that has undergone fermentation; and a pumping means from a manure sewage tank such as livestock Ferment The sewage supply pipe disposed in a predetermined range of the floor surface of the compost discharge outlet side and a discharge hole formed at a predetermined interval in the sewage supply pipe, and the sewage sent from the sewage supply pipe is advanced in fermentation. compost fermentation treatment apparatus, wherein a provided; but the sewage treatment apparatus for injecting from the lower floor to the compost fermentation tank

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