JP2001511064A - A two-component agent for purifying water in a tropical fish tank - Google Patents
A two-component agent for purifying water in a tropical fish tankInfo
- Publication number
- JP2001511064A JP2001511064A JP53372198A JP53372198A JP2001511064A JP 2001511064 A JP2001511064 A JP 2001511064A JP 53372198 A JP53372198 A JP 53372198A JP 53372198 A JP53372198 A JP 53372198A JP 2001511064 A JP2001511064 A JP 2001511064A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- water
- aquarium
- coagulant
- gum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000416 hydrocolloid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 alkali metal bicarbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000591 gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- SNVFDPHQAOXWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furcelleran Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(C(=O)OCC=2C=CC=CC=2)C1C#CC1=CC=CC=C1 SNVFDPHQAOXWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- ROBFUDYVXSDBQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymalonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)C(O)=O ROBFUDYVXSDBQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002148 Gellan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002310 Welan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NNCOOIBIVIODKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;hypochlorous acid Chemical compound [Al].ClO NNCOOIBIVIODKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WDQLRUYAYXDIFW-RWKIJVEZSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)O1 WDQLRUYAYXDIFW-RWKIJVEZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OMDQUFIYNPYJFM-XKDAHURESA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-[(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)O1 OMDQUFIYNPYJFM-XKDAHURESA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UWYVPFMHMJIBHE-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-2-hydroxybut-2-enedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C(\O)C(O)=O UWYVPFMHMJIBHE-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PNJJKWLRMWJONM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3-trihydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)C(O)(O)C(O)=O PNJJKWLRMWJONM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002558 Curdlan Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001879 Curdlan Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-AQKNRBDQSA-N D-glucopyranuronic acid Chemical compound OC1O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-AQKNRBDQSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000926 Galactomannan Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Galacturonsaeure Natural products O=CC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000569 Gum karaya Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001353702 Khaya grandifoliola Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001218 Pullulan Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004373 Pullulan Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002305 Schizophyllan Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000934878 Sterculia Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000004584 Tamarindus indica Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000004298 Tamarindus indica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019316 curdlan Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940078035 curdlan Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000451 gelidium spp. gum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940097043 glucuronic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010494 karaya gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000231 karaya gum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940039371 karaya gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940025902 konjac mannan Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000292 pectin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019423 pullulan Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000196 tragacanth Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000008886 Ceratonia siliqua Species 0.000 claims 2
- 235000013912 Ceratonia siliqua Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 claims 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 235000017399 Caesalpinia tinctoria Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 241000388430 Tara Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003311 flocculating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000008234 soft water Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 8
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000011284 combination treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001222 biopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003938 response to stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010643 Leucaena leucocephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007472 Leucaena leucocephala Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000161 Locust bean gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC(O)=O JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940079919 digestives enzyme preparation Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010420 locust bean gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012629 purifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-] QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010491 tara gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000213 tara gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】 本発明は、ポリマー性アルミニウム塩及び多塩基性有機酸を含有する生体耐性凝集剤と、1種又は数種の炭酸硬度もしくはアルカリ度キャリヤ、マグネシウムイオンキャリヤ及びヒドロコロイドを含有する、凝集助剤としての活性成分混合物とを含む二成分薬剤に関する。前記薬剤は、特に軟水の存在下での熱帯魚の水槽における凝集による、水処理ならびにバクテリア、藻類、ウイルス、病原体、寄生体及び重金属の除去に使用される。本発明はまた、二成分薬剤の使用及び凝集によって水を処理する方法に関する。 (57) [Summary] The present invention provides a bio-resistant flocculant containing a polymeric aluminum salt and a polybasic organic acid, and a flocculant containing one or several carbonic acid hardness or alkalinity carriers, a magnesium ion carrier and a hydrocolloid. And a mixture of active ingredients. The agents are used for water treatment and for the removal of bacteria, algae, viruses, pathogens, parasites and heavy metals, especially by flocculation in tropical fish tanks in the presence of soft water. The invention also relates to a method of treating water by the use and coagulation of a two-component drug.
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 鑑賞用熱帯魚水槽の水を浄化するための二成分薬剤 本発明は、特に軟水の場合における鑑賞用熱帯魚水槽の凝集処理により、水を 浄化(清澄化)し、バクテリア、藻類、ウイルス、病原体、寄生体及び重金属を 除去するための二成分薬剤、その使用ならびに凝集処理によって水を浄化する方 法に関する。 以下のタイプの水槽、すなわち、 ― 完全な水槽又は陳列用水槽 ― 検疫、取扱い、販売目的のための、装備に乏しい簡素な水槽 ― 品評会や展示会における維持水槽 で淡水熱帯魚を維持する場合、望ましくない水の濁りに遭遇することがよくある 。 それにより、水の濁りに関しては、以下の原因を識別することができる。 ― 緑色の濁り水を生じさせるが、水槽ではまれにしか見られないプランクトン 藻類 ― 微分割状ないしコロイド状に発生するミネラル粒子、たとえば新たに導入し た場合、撹拌した場合又は洗浄した場合に水槽の砂利から生じる微粉、新たに導 入した場合又は底で撹拌した場合に洗い出される底栄養物からの粘土。その結果 、白っぽいミルク状の水の濁りが生じる。 ― たとえば新たに設置した水槽の中でバクテリア大量発生の後に起こるプラン クトン単細胞の大量発生。結果、不透明なミルク状の水の濁りが生じる。 最後に述べた生物学的濁りは、以下の水槽で比較的頻繁に予想される。 ― 特に占有密度が高い場合における、ろ過又はフィルタ装置を備えていない非 常に小さな容器、水槽及び/又はボウル ― 大幅な過剰給餌及び/又は不十分なフィルタ能力の平均的な水槽 ― たとえば品評会、会議、展示会、貿易ショーなどにおける、設置して間もな く、まだ活性化した生物学的フィルタ系を備えていない陳列用水槽 記載したすべての種類の濁りに関し、それらが美観的及び生物学的理由から望 ましくなく、通常のフィルタ処理によって短期間で除去することはできないとい うことが共通する。 たとえば沈降、吸着、死滅又は生物学的分解によるそのような濁りの自然消滅 は原則的に数日から数週間継続する。 池の中で同様に発生する濁りは、従来技術によると、モノマー性及びポリマー 性アルミニウム塩を基材とする凝集剤の添加によって非常に効果的に除去又は軽 減される。 凝集剤、たとえばWO 9626905に記載されているものは、比較的軟質の水の場合 にも、特に生物学的に適合性であることがわかった。特別な生物学的適合性は、 ポリマー性アルミニウム塩、たとえばポリマー性塩化アルミニウム(Al2(OH )5Cl)と、多塩基性有機カルボン酸、特に酒石酸との組み合わせによって達成 されるものであった。 したがって、まず、これらの池用の生体耐性で非毒性の凝集剤を、熱帯魚を入 れた水槽における前記濁りの浄化に使用することは自明であった。 しかし、驚くべきことに、温水水槽に維持される鑑賞用熱帯魚がアルミニウム 塩によるそのような凝集処理に対して非常に敏感に反応することがわかった。 生体耐性の凝集剤(ポリマー性塩化アルミニウム及び多塩基性カルボン酸を含 有する)を添加した場合でさえ、鑑賞用熱帯魚は、特に軟水中で激しいストレス 反応を示す。 4°dHを超える炭酸硬度の場合、呼吸が強く促進され、魚は非常に落ち着かな い行動を示した。数時間のうち、魚は回復したと認められたが、鑑賞魚の場合に そのような顕著なストレス反応を生じさせるそのような水処理は、特に数回繰り 返した場合、魚の体調及び抵抗力の大幅な弱化をまねく。さらには、使用者は、 前記の顕著な副作用のある製品を許容しないであろう。 4°dH未満の炭酸硬度の場合、鑑賞魚のストレス性挙動反応はさらに強く、魚 が完全に回復するまでの時間はさらに長かった(8〜24時間)。 2°dH以下の炭酸硬度の場合、魚の死亡率の増大が見られたはずである。 鑑賞用熱帯魚はしばしば極軟水原産であり、したがって、水槽の中で軟水(炭 酸硬度<4°dH)中に維持されるため、濁った水槽の水を浄化するための前記生 体耐性凝集剤のみの使用は、前記理由のために推奨されなかった。 たとえば第四級化アクリルアミドを基材とするアルミニウムを含まない他の凝 集剤は、より不満足な浄化の結果をもたらすか、鑑賞魚に対して有毒な作用を及 ぼすものであった。 したがって、本発明の基礎を成す作業は、最初に記載した水槽中の濁りを除去 するための、軟水中でも非常に良好な魚適合性を特徴とする浄化剤及び浄化法を 開発することであった。 ポリマー性アルミニウムヒドロキシクロリドを単独で、又は多塩基性有機カル ボン酸と組み合わせて使用して濁った水槽の水を凝集処理する場合に魚毒性又は 可能な有害作用を最小限にするためのわれわれの調査において、驚くべきことに 、凝集助剤として作用する活性物質混合物で先に水を処理しておくと、凝集挙動 及び魚毒性作用が有意に改善されることがわかった。 したがって、本発明の主体は、凝集剤と、凝集助剤の活性物質混合物とからな る、鑑賞魚水槽の水を浄化、精製するための二成分薬剤ならびに二成分薬剤の所 定の使用による浄化精製法である。 本発明のさらなる主体は、凝集助剤として適した活性物質混合物である。 激しい有毒副作用なしで凝集処理がなおも可能である場合の炭酸硬度の下限が 、CH2〜4°dH又はアルカリ度0.71〜1.41mVal/リットル(生体耐性 凝集剤のみ)からCH0.5°dH又はアルカリ度0.18mVal/リットル未満ま で下がる。 原則として水槽の熱帯魚は、>0.5°dHの炭酸硬度の水の中で維持されるた め、本発明による、生体耐性凝集剤(ポリマー性Alヒドロキシクロリド+多塩 基性カルボン酸)と特殊な凝集助剤との組み合わせは、制限なしで水槽に使用す ることができる。 4°dHを超える炭酸硬度の場合又は1.43mVal/リットルを超えるアルカリ 度の場合、変更のないポリマー性塩化アルミニウム(多塩基性カルボン酸なしの )でさえ、本発明の凝集助剤により、鑑賞魚に対する有毒な影響がもはや生じな い程度に緩和され、したがって、この組み合わせ処理は、制限(すなわち、炭酸 硬度が4°dHを超える)があっても使用することができる。しかし、鑑賞魚に対 するストレス作用は、本発明による、生体耐性凝集剤と凝集助剤との最初に記載 した組み合わせの場合よりも高いものとして分類される。さらには、炭酸硬 度の制限値が高すぎる。 したがって、最初に述べた組み合わせの使用があらゆる場合に好ましい。 本発明による濁った水槽水の処理は、生体耐性凝集剤と、凝集助剤としての活 性物質混合物との組み合わせを使用する。2種の成分の組成を以下に記載する。1.生体耐性凝集剤 ポリマー性アルミニウム塩、たとえばポリマー性塩化アルミニウムAl2(OH )5Clと、1種以上の多塩基性有機酸との、Al:有機酸のモル比が0.5:1 〜50:1、好ましくは2:1〜10:1である溶液。 以下の多塩基性有機酸が適当であることがわかった。 クエン酸、グリコール酸、酒石酸、マレイン酸、ヒドロキシマレイン酸、ヒド ロキシ酒石酸、マロン酸、リンゴ酸、乳酸、タルトロン酸、α−ヒドロキシプロ ピオン酸、糖酸類、たとえばグルコン酸、糖酸、グルクロン酸、ムチン酸又はマ ンノ糖酸 前記すべての酸のうち、ポリマー性アルミニウムヒドロキシクロリドと組み合 わせたL±酒石酸が最高の結果を達成した。2.活性物質凝集助剤 活性物質混合物はいくつかの機能成分からなる。 a)凝集助剤の総重量に対して25〜40重量%の量の、炭酸硬度キャリヤ、 アルカリ度キャリヤ、好ましくはアルカリ金属の炭酸水素塩。NaHCO3及び /又はKHCO3が好ましく、特に好ましくは、NaHCO315〜25重量%と KHCO310〜15重量%との混合物である。凝集剤の添加の前に炭酸硬度を 導入すると、出発炭酸硬度を高め、凝集剤を添加したのち、Al(OH)3凝集塊 形成の場合に生じる炭酸硬度の弱化を補償することができる。 b)凝集助剤の総重量に対して50〜60重量%の量の、マグネシウムイオン キャリヤ、好ましくはMgSO4(H2Oを30%含む)。Mg2+イオンの導入が水 槽水中のMg2+含量を増す。Mg2+イオンは、Al(OH)3凝集の場合に凝集塊 形成を簡素化することができる。 c)総含量2〜20%の場合で、好ましくは遊離カルボキシル基及び/又はス ルフェート基を有する自然発生バイオポリマー、たとえばアルギン酸及びその可 溶性塩(アルギン酸Na、Mg)、アラビアゴム、トラガカントゴム、ペクチン、 キサンタンゴム、カラゲナン、フルセレラン(furcelleran)、イナゴマメゴム(ca rob)、taraゴム、ガッチゴム、グアールゴム、寒天ゴム、Khaya grandifoliaゴ ム、カラヤゴム、アラビアン(アラバン)、ゲラン、デンプン、コンニャクマンナ ン、ガラクトマンナン、フノラン、アセタン(acetan)、ウェラン(welan)、ラム サン(rhamsan)、accinoglycan、スクレログリカン(scleroglycan)、シゾフィラ ン、タマリンドゴム、カードラン、プルラン、デキストラン及び選択されたバイ オポリマーの混合物から選択されるヒドロコロイド。カラゲナンが好ましく、特 に好ましいものは、食品添加物として市販されているカラゲナン/フルセレラン (furcelleran)混合物である。 研究の場合で非常に有用であることがわかった活性物質混合物は、以下の組成 を有している。 NaHCO3 20% KHCO3 13% MgSO4(30%H2O) 55% カラゲナン 12% 記載した機能成分の他に、凝集の支援には参与しないと認められるが、さらな る追加機能を含むさらなる成分、たとえば食塩(NaCl)、Ca塩、有機水不純 物の分解を改善するための酵素製剤、着色材を、固形物質混合物に添加すること ができる。 得られる活性物質混合物は、粉末、錠剤、顆粒、押出し物、凝集塊、カプセル などの適用形態として使用することができる。 本発明による水槽水からの濁りの凝集では、液状凝集剤を、高い生体耐性及び 凝集助剤としての固形活性物質混合物とともに使用する。 以下、二つの成分の典型的な例を記載する。例1:生体耐性凝集剤 Al2(OH)5Cl 2〜3H2Oの濃縮溶液(約50%溶液、Al2O323. 5%)500mlをL±酒石酸100gで希釈して、撹拌しながら脱イオン水との 溶液1リットルにした。得られたわずかに粘ちょうで明澄で長期間 安定性の溶液を、以下に記すようにして、濁った水槽水の浄化に使用した。例2:活性物質混合物、凝集助剤 NaHCO320%、KHCO313%、MgSO4(30%水)55%及びカ ラゲナン12%を混合し、白色の粉末混合物を、以下に記載するようにして、水槽 水の濁りの浄化に使用した。例3:使用例 プランクトン藻類、ミネラル粒子懸濁物又はプランクトン単細胞によって顕著 ないし非常に強度に濁っている水槽水を次のようにして処理した。 生体耐性凝集剤を添加する10分〜約60分前に、水槽水に、活性物質混合物 凝集助剤を10リットルあたり0.1〜10g、好ましくは10リットルあたり 0.5〜2g加えた。 水添加物を混合し、溶解させて約10〜60分後、例1で記載した生体耐性凝 集剤を10リットルあたり0.1〜10ml、好ましくは10リットルあたり0. 5〜1.5ml添加することにより、凝集を生じさせた。 添加量は、1リットルあたりAl3+1.0〜100mg、好ましくは1リットル あたりAl3+5〜15mgが被処理水に導入されるように選択した。 本発明の薬剤と、上述した添加の性質と、添加量とを組み合わせると、出発水 の炭酸硬度が非常に低い(≧0.5°dH)場合でも、添加後5〜10分のうちに 濁り物質の凝集が始まった。約2〜12時間後、凝集塊及び濁り物質が凝集塊と して析出するか、フィルタ物質の中に捕捉された。鑑賞魚ならびに他の水生動物 及び植生に不利な影響を及ぼすことなく、水槽水は完全に浄化された。 炭酸硬度0.5°dH又はアルカリ度0.18mVal/リットルまでのきわめて軟 質の水の中でも、魚、植物及び他の水生生物に対する損傷を認めることなく、す べての水槽の中で組み合わせ処理を危険なく正常に実施することができた。 藻類、ミネラル粒子、単細胞生物の大量発生又はそれらの組み合わせを浮かす ことによってもたらされる水槽水の濁りの完全な凝集を達成した。本発明の二成 分薬剤の使用ののち約2〜12時間後でさえ、水槽水は再び明澄であった。 凝集剤と凝集助剤との組み合わせは以下をもたらす。 ― 凝集塊形成の促進 ― Al3+によって生じる炭酸硬度又はアルカリ度の損失の補償 ― 水槽水の緩衝能力、ひいてはそのpH安定性を損なうことなく高頻度で繰り返 し使用できる可能性 上述した水槽水の組み合わせ処理はまた、凝集によって高分子粒子、病原体、 バクテリア、ウィルス、寄生体及び重金属を除去し、したがって、目に見える水 の濁りが必ずしも存在しない場合でも、水槽水を浄化するためにうまく使用する ことができる。 本発明の方法は繰り返し使用しても危険がないため、本発明の薬剤はまた、鑑 賞用熱帯魚水槽の水の予防的浄化のための定期的使用に格別に適している。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Two-component drug for purifying water in a tropical fish tank for ornamentation The present invention purifies water (clarification) by coagulation treatment of a tropical fish tank for ornamentation, particularly in the case of soft water, and removes bacteria, It relates to a two-component agent for removing algae, viruses, pathogens, parasites and heavy metals, its use and a method for purifying water by coagulation treatment. When maintaining freshwater tropical fish in aquariums of the following types: a complete aquarium or a display aquarium; a simple, poorly equipped aquarium for quarantine, handling and marketing purposes; and a maintenance aquarium at a trade fair or exhibition. Unwanted water turbidity is often encountered. As a result, the following causes can be identified for water turbidity. -Planktonic algae that produce green turbid water but are rarely found in aquariums-Mineral particles that are generated in finely divided or colloidal form, e.g., when newly introduced, stirred or washed Fines from gravel, clay from bottom nutrients that are washed out when freshly introduced or stirred at the bottom. As a result, whitish milky water turbidity occurs. -For example, a planktonic single cell outbreak that occurs after a bacterial outbreak in a newly installed aquarium. As a result, turbid milky water is produced. The last-mentioned biological turbidity is expected relatively frequently in the following aquariums: -Very small vessels, aquariums and / or bowls without filtration or filtering equipment, especially in high occupancy densities;-an average aquarium with significant overfeeding and / or insufficient filter capacity; Display tanks, shortly after installation, without activated biological filter systems, at conferences, exhibitions, trade shows, etc. Regarding all the types of turbidity listed, for aesthetic and biological reasons It is common that it is undesirable and cannot be removed in a short time by ordinary filtering. The spontaneous elimination of such turbidity, for example by settling, adsorption, death or biological degradation, lasts in principle from days to weeks. The turbidity that also occurs in the pond, according to the prior art, is very effectively eliminated or reduced by the addition of flocculants based on monomeric and polymeric aluminum salts. Flocculants, such as those described in WO 9626905, have also been found to be particularly biologically compatible, even with relatively soft water. Particular biocompatibility was achieved by the combination of a polymeric aluminum salt, such as polymeric aluminum chloride (Al 2 (OH) 5 Cl), with a polybasic organic carboxylic acid, especially tartaric acid. . Therefore, first of all, it was obvious to use these bio-resistant and non-toxic flocculants for ponds for purifying the turbidity in an aquarium containing tropical fish. However, it has surprisingly been found that ornamental tropical fish maintained in a hot water tank are very sensitive to such flocculation treatment with aluminum salts. Even with the addition of bioresistant flocculants (containing polymeric aluminum chloride and polybasic carboxylic acids), ornamental tropical fish exhibit a severe stress response, especially in soft water. At carbonate hardness above 4 ° dH, breathing was strongly promoted and the fish behaved very restlessly. In a few hours, the fish was found to have recovered, but such water treatment, which produces such a pronounced stress response in the case of ornamental fish, can significantly increase the physical condition and resistance of the fish, especially when repeated several times. Cause weakening. Furthermore, users will not tolerate products with the noted side effects. At a carbonate hardness of less than 4 ° dH, the stressed behavioral response of the ornamental fish was even stronger and the time to complete recovery of the fish was even longer (8-24 hours). For carbonate hardness below 2 ° dH, increased fish mortality should have been observed. Ornamental tropical fish are often of very soft water origin and are therefore maintained in soft water (carbonic acid hardness <4 ° dH) in the aquarium, so that only the bioresistant coagulant for purifying the water in the turbid aquarium is used. Use was not recommended for the reasons mentioned above. For example, other aluminum-free flocculants based on quaternized acrylamide have resulted in less satisfactory purification results or have a toxic effect on ornamental fish. The task underlying the present invention was therefore to develop a purifying agent and a purifying method, characterized by very good fish compatibility even in soft water, to remove the turbidity in the aquarium described at the outset. . Our investigation to minimize fish toxicity or possible adverse effects when coagulating turbid aquarium water using polymeric aluminum hydroxychloride alone or in combination with polybasic organic carboxylic acids It has been surprisingly found that prior treatment of water with the active substance mixture acting as flocculation aid significantly improves flocculation behavior and fish toxicity. Accordingly, the subject of the present invention is a two-component agent for purifying and purifying water in an aquarium fish tank, comprising a coagulant and an active substance mixture of a coagulation aid, and a purification and purification method using a predetermined use of the two-component agent. It is. A further subject of the invention is an active substance mixture suitable as a coagulation aid. If the coagulation treatment is still possible without severe toxic side effects, the lower limit of carbonic acid hardness is from CH2-4 dH or alkalinity 0.71-1.41 mVal / liter (only bioresistant coagulant) to CH0.5 dH or alkalinity drops to less than 0.18 mVal / liter. In principle, the tropical fish in the aquarium are kept in water with a carbonate hardness of> 0.5 ° dH, so that a bioresistant flocculant (polymeric Al hydroxychloride + polybasic carboxylic acid) according to the present invention and a special Combinations with coagulation aids can be used in aquariums without restriction. For carbonate hardness above 4 ° dH or alkalinity above 1.43 mVal / l, even the unchanged polymeric aluminum chloride (without polybasic carboxylic acid) is appreciated by the coagulant of the invention. The toxic effects on fish are mitigated to a point where they no longer occur, and thus this combination treatment can be used even with limitations (ie, carbonate hardness greater than 4 ° dH). However, the stress effect on the ornamental fish is classified as higher than in the case of the first described combination of a bioresistant flocculant and a flocculant according to the invention. Furthermore, the limit value of the carbonate hardness is too high. Therefore, the use of the first mentioned combination is preferred in all cases. The treatment of turbid aquarium water according to the invention uses a combination of a bio-resistant flocculant and an active substance mixture as flocculant. The composition of the two components is described below. 1. Biological tolerance coagulant polymeric aluminum salt, for example a polymeric aluminum chloride Al 2 (OH) 5 Cl, with one or more polybasic organic acids, Al: the molar ratio of organic acid is 0.5: 1 to 50 1: a solution, preferably 2: 1 to 10: 1. The following polybasic organic acids have been found to be suitable. Citric acid, glycolic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, hydroxymaleic acid, hydroxytartaric acid, malonic acid, malic acid, lactic acid, tartronic acid, α-hydroxypropionic acid, sugar acids such as gluconic acid, sugar acid, glucuronic acid, mucinic acid Or Mannosaccharic acid Of all the above acids, L ± tartaric acid in combination with polymeric aluminum hydroxychloride achieved the best results. 2. Active substance coagulation aid The active substance mixture consists of several functional components. a) Carbonic acid hardness carriers, alkalinity carriers, preferably alkali metal bicarbonates, in an amount of 25 to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the coagulation aid. NaHCO 3 and / or KHCO 3 are preferred, particularly preferably a mixture of 15 to 25% by weight of NaHCO 3 and 10 to 15% by weight of KHCO 3 . Introducing carbonic acid hardness before adding the flocculant can increase the starting carbonic acid hardness and compensate for the weakening of the carbonic acid hardness that occurs in the formation of Al (OH) 3 agglomerates after the flocculant is added. b) 50 to 60% by weight relative to the total weight of the coalescing aid, a magnesium ion carrier includes preferably MgSO 4 and (H 2 O 30%). The introduction of Mg 2+ ions increases the Mg 2+ content in the aquarium water. Mg 2+ ions can simplify aggregate formation in the case of Al (OH) 3 aggregation. c) Naturally occurring biopolymers having a total content of 2 to 20% and preferably having free carboxyl groups and / or sulfate groups, such as alginic acid and its soluble salts (Na, Mg alginate), acacia, tragacanth, pectin, xanthan Gum, carrageenan, furcelleran, carob bean gum (ca rob), tara gum, gatch gum, guar gum, agar gum, Khaya grandifolia gum, karaya gum, arabian (araban), gellan, starch, konjac mannan, galactomannan, funolane, acetan a hydrocolloid selected from (acetan), welan, rhamsan, accinoglycan, scleroglycan, schizophyllan, tamarind gum, curdlan, pullulan, dextran and a mixture of selected biopolymers. Carrageenan is preferred, particularly preferred is a carrageenan / furcelleran mixture which is commercially available as a food additive. The active substance mixture which has been found to be very useful in the case of research has the following composition: NaHCO 3 20% KHCO 3 13% MgSO 4 (30% H 2 O) 55% Carrageenan 12% In addition to the described functional components, it is recognized that they do not participate in the support of aggregation, but further components including additional additional functions, For example, salt preparations (NaCl), Ca salts, enzyme preparations to improve the decomposition of organic water impurities, coloring agents can be added to the solid substance mixture. The resulting active substance mixtures can be used as application forms such as powders, tablets, granules, extrudates, agglomerates, capsules and the like. In the agglomeration of turbidity from aquarium water according to the present invention, a liquid flocculant is used with a solid bioactive substance mixture as a high biotolerance and flocculation aid. Hereinafter, typical examples of the two components will be described. Example 1: biological tolerance flocculant Al 2 (OH) 5 Cl 2~3H 2 O in concentrated solution (about 50% solution, Al 2 O 3 23. 5% ) 500ml and diluted with L ± tartrate 100 g, stirred While making up to 1 liter of solution with deionized water. The resulting slightly viscous, clear and long-term stable solution was used for purifying turbid aquarium water as described below. Example 2: active substance mixture, coalescing aids NaHCO 3 20%, KHCO 3 13 %, MgSO 4 (30% water) were mixed 55% and 12% carrageenan, a white powder mixture, as described below It was used for purification of turbidity of aquarium water. Example 3: Usage example Aquarium water that is noticeably or very strongly turbid due to plankton algae, mineral particle suspension or plankton single cells was treated as follows. From 10 minutes to about 60 minutes before adding the bioresistant flocculant, 0.1 to 10 g per 10 liters of the active substance mixture flocculant was added to the aquarium water, preferably 0.5 to 2 g per 10 liters. After about 10 to 60 minutes of mixing and dissolving the water additive, the bioresistant coagulant described in Example 1 is added in an amount of 0.1 to 10 ml per 10 liters, preferably 0.1 to 10 liters. Aggregation was caused by the addition of 5-1.5 ml. Addition amount, per liter of Al 3+ 1.0~100mg, preferably selected such that the Al 3+ 5 to 15 mg per liter is introduced into the water to be treated. The combination of the agent of the present invention, the nature of the addition described above, and the amount of addition makes the turbidity within 5 to 10 minutes after the addition even when the carbonate water hardness of the starting water is very low (≧ 0.5 ° dH). Agglomeration of the substance has begun. After about 2 to 12 hours, agglomerates and turbid matter precipitated out as agglomerates or were trapped in the filter material. The aquarium water was completely purified without adversely affecting the ornamental fish and other aquatic animals and vegetation. Even in extremely soft waters with a carbonate hardness of 0.5 ° dH or an alkalinity of 0.18 mVal / l, there is no risk of damage to fish, plants and other aquatic organisms, and the combination treatment in all aquariums without danger Successfully implemented. Complete flocculation of aquarium water turbidity caused by floating algae, mineral particles, abundance of unicellular organisms or a combination thereof was achieved. The aquarium water was clear again, even after about 2 to 12 hours after use of the two-component drug of the present invention. The combination of a flocculant and a flocculant results in: -Acceleration of agglomerate formation-Compensation for loss of carbonic acid hardness or alkalinity caused by Al3 +-Possibility of repeated use at high frequency without impairing the buffer capacity of aquarium water and consequently its pH stability Combination treatment also removes macromolecular particles, pathogens, bacteria, viruses, parasites and heavy metals by flocculation, and is therefore successfully used to purify aquarium water, even when visible water turbidity is not always present be able to. Because the method of the present invention is not dangerous with repeated use, the agents of the present invention are also particularly suitable for regular use for preventive purification of water in ornamental tropical fish tanks.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19704953.2 | 1997-02-10 | ||
DE19704953A DE19704953A1 (en) | 1997-02-10 | 1997-02-10 | Two-component agent for clarifying the water of tropical ornamental fish aquariums |
PCT/EP1998/000490 WO1998034877A2 (en) | 1997-02-10 | 1998-01-30 | Two-component agent for water-treatment in aquariums for tropical fish |
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JP2001511064A true JP2001511064A (en) | 2001-08-07 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP53372198A Pending JP2001511064A (en) | 1997-02-10 | 1998-01-30 | A two-component agent for purifying water in a tropical fish tank |
Country Status (3)
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EP (1) | EP0958246A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2001511064A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998034877A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2012179586A (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2012-09-20 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | Method for separating and recovering microalgae |
JP2012179578A (en) * | 2011-03-02 | 2012-09-20 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | Method for separating and recovering microalgae |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19944800B4 (en) * | 1999-09-18 | 2012-04-12 | Tetra Gmbh | Water treatment agent for prolonging water change intervals in storage systems |
DE19944799A1 (en) * | 1999-09-18 | 2002-02-28 | Baensch Tetra Werke | Processes for improving the water quality of storage water |
CA2868053C (en) * | 2012-03-28 | 2020-09-22 | Halosource, Inc. | Water treatment compositions and methods of use |
Family Cites Families (5)
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US4983379A (en) * | 1983-03-01 | 1991-01-08 | Schaeffer Hans A | Dental preparation, article and method for storage and delivery thereof |
FR2674437B1 (en) * | 1991-03-29 | 1993-07-09 | Pf Medicament | PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION, ESPECIALLY USEFUL IN THE TREATMENT OF GASTRO-ÓOESOPHAGIAN CONDITIONS. |
US5415877A (en) * | 1993-04-23 | 1995-05-16 | Church & Dwight Co., Inc. | Bicarbonate fungicide product with a combination of surfactant ingredients |
US5474703A (en) * | 1995-02-27 | 1995-12-12 | Warner-Lambert Company | Flocculating agent containing aluminum and a polybasic carboxylic acid |
DE19611135B4 (en) * | 1996-03-21 | 2004-03-11 | Tetra Werke Dr.Rer.Nat. Ulrich Baensch Gmbh | Means and processes for the production of biologically advantageous to near-natural aquarium and garden pond water |
-
1998
- 1998-01-30 EP EP98908019A patent/EP0958246A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-01-30 JP JP53372198A patent/JP2001511064A/en active Pending
- 1998-01-30 WO PCT/EP1998/000490 patent/WO1998034877A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2012179578A (en) * | 2011-03-02 | 2012-09-20 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | Method for separating and recovering microalgae |
JP2012179586A (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2012-09-20 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | Method for separating and recovering microalgae |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP0958246A2 (en) | 1999-11-24 |
WO1998034877A2 (en) | 1998-08-13 |
WO1998034877A3 (en) | 1998-11-19 |
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