JP2001272979A - Method and device for creating performance data and recording medium - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make it possible to easily create expressive performance data concerning a performance section where performance method such as trill is specified. SOLUTION: When a trill performance section is given with a trill mark Mt affixed to a note Nt as shown in (A), expressive information (performance data based on live trill performance) is prepared with grace-note section (a) and rear-grace-note section c added thereto before and after a main trill section b as shown in (B). As shown in (C), the trill performance section (A) is divided into partial performance sections Sa-Sc corresponding to the sections a-c, and also the performance data for the sections Sa-Sc are created based on each performance data for a-c, respectively. Although each sound length is equally expressed in each section Sa-Sc due to a score display in Fig. (C), the sound lengths are actually not equal as shown in each section of a-c. As expressive information, plural trill performance differing in speed are prepared, and any of them may be used at choice.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for creating performance data suitable for use in automatic performances and the like, and more particularly, to the performance data of a performance section in which a playing technique such as a trill is specified, for a plurality of performance sections. By creating based on the facial expression imparting information or the facial expression imparting information corresponding to a desired performance speed, it is possible to easily create performance data with rich expression.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there has been known a method of creating performance data for an automatic performance in which performance data according to a musical score is modified based on performance data of fluctuations related to a desired music piece and the degree of fluctuation is changed (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-157,027). For example, JP-A-10-2085
No. 6).

[0003]

According to the above-mentioned prior art, although it is possible to create fluctuation performance data,
For example, it is not possible to add a pre-hit sound section or a post-hit sound section to a performance section in which a playing technique such as a trill is specified, or arbitrarily reproduce the performance speed of a playing technique such as a trill separately from the performance tempo. could not.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a new performance data creating method and apparatus capable of adding a pre-hitting section and a post-hitting section, and arbitrarily reproducing the performance speed of a playing style. Is to provide.

[0005]

According to a first performance data creating method according to the present invention, a plurality of performance sections in which expression providing information for adding a facial expression to a performance of a performance section in which a predetermined playing style is instructed are continued. Preparing a performance section, dividing the performance section in which the playing style is instructed into a plurality of partial performance sections corresponding to the plurality of performance sections, respectively, for each of the plurality of partial performance sections. Generating performance data based on the expression providing information of the corresponding performance section of the plurality of performance sections, and connecting the performance data of the plurality of partial performance sections in an order corresponding to the plurality of performance sections. Creating performance data of a performance section in which the playing style is instructed.

According to the first performance data creation method, a plurality of continuous expression sections are provided with expression imparting information for adding an expression to a performance of a performance section in which a playing technique such as a trill is instructed. The performance section in which the playing style is instructed is divided into a plurality of partial performance sections corresponding to a plurality of continuous performance sections, respectively, and performance data is created based on the expression providing information of the corresponding performance section for each partial performance section. Is done. By connecting the performance data of the plurality of partial performance sections in an order corresponding to the plurality of continuous performance sections, the performance data of the performance section in which the playing style is instructed is created. For example, assuming that a plurality of continuous performance sections are a pre-hitting section, a trill main section, and a rear hitting section, an expression including a front hit section, a trill main section, and a rear hit section as performance data of the trill performance section. Rich performance data can be easily obtained.

[0007] A second performance data creating method according to the present invention is a step of preparing a plurality of pieces of facial expression giving information for giving a facial expression to a performance in a performance section in which a predetermined playing style is instructed. The added information corresponds to each of the different speeds of the performance according to the rendition style, the step of designating a desired speed among the different speeds of the performance according to the rendition style, and the speed designated in this step. Selecting the expression providing information corresponding to the expression from the plurality of expression providing information; and, based on the expression providing information selected in this step, creating performance data of the performance section in which the playing style is instructed. Is included.

According to the second performance data creating method, a plurality of pieces of expression providing information respectively corresponding to different speeds of the performance related to the playing style are prepared as the expression providing information. When a desired speed among the different speeds of the performance related to the playing style is indicated,
Expression providing information corresponding to the instructed speed is selected from the plurality of expression providing information, and the performance data of the performance section in which the playing style is instructed is created based on the selected expression providing information. For example, the different speeds of the performance related to the trill playing method are set to three stages of high speed, medium speed, and low speed, and if the desired speed is indicated, the performance data of the trill performance section becomes
Expressive performance data reflecting a desired trill performance speed can be easily obtained.

[0009]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be described below in detail by taking a performance by a trill playing technique as an example. FIG. 1 (A)
Shows a musical score given the tolyl symbol M to 2 minutes note N pitch C _4. As shown in FIG. 1B, the musical score of FIG. 1A has 32nd notes N ₁ , N ₄ having pitches C ₄ , D ₄ , C ₄ .
₂ , N ₃ ... Are equivalent to a musical score in which 16 pieces are arranged. FIG.
(C) shows, in a bar graph format, the performance contents when the player actually performed according to the score shown in FIG. 1 (A) or (B), and the horizontal axis represents the beat timings B ₁ , B ₂ ,
The time is shown according to B ₃ ..., And the vertical axis shows pitches such as C ₄ and D ₄ . Black bars _{T 1, T 2, T 3} ... are notes _N 1,
Represent musical tones corresponding to N ₂ , N _3, ..., The vertical position of each black bar represents the pitch, and the horizontal length of each black bar represents the tone length.

According to FIG. 1C, in an actual performance (live performance), the musical note is not always played at the same note length as the musical score shown in FIG. It turns out that there is. Although not shown in FIG. 1C, the volume of the performance sound also varies. As described above, in the live performance, various non-uniformities and instabilities such as fluctuations in tempo and fluctuations in volume that the player does not notice contribute to the freshness and naturalness.

In the automatic performance of music, it is conceivable to create fluctuation performance data for automatic performance based on the live performance in order to realize natural performance, beautiful performance, and vivid performance. However, it is inevitably complicated to create fluctuation performance data based on live performance for each music piece or each performance section. Therefore, in the present invention, FIG.
The reference performance data of the fluctuation performance is created based on the live performance as shown in FIG.
1B, the pitch, performance timing, section length, etc. are modified in accordance with the notes for which the rendition styles are indicated or the note groups representing the rendition styles as shown in FIG. Performance data can be easily created.

FIG. 2 shows a circuit configuration of an automatic performance device having an editing function provided with an expression providing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is configured by installing reproduction software (program).

A bus (CPU) 1 (central processing unit)
2, ROM (Read Only Memory) 14, RAM
(Random access memory) 16, detection circuit 18,
Display circuit 20, external storage device 22, timer 24, MID
An I (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) interface 26, a communication interface 28, and the like are connected.

The CPU 12 edits music information (including expression) in accordance with a program stored in the ROM 14.
And various processes for reproduction (automatic performance). These processes will be described later with reference to FIGS.

The ROM 14 stores music performance data for a large number of music pieces and a plurality of pieces of reference performance data (expression providing information) in addition to the programs. These data will be described later with reference to FIGS. I do.

The RAM 16 includes a large number of storage units used for various processes by the CPU 12. The storage units related to the embodiment of the present invention include a music performance data storage unit MA, a reference performance data storage unit RA, and a library. A storage unit LM, a created performance data storage unit RB, and the like are provided.

The detection circuit 18 includes the mouse and the keyboard 3
The operation information is detected from 0. The keyboard is
Characters and numerical values can be entered. The mouse and the keyboard are used for selecting music performance data and reference performance data, for designating performance style symbols, and the like.

The display circuit 20 controls the display operation of a display 32 composed of a cathode ray tube, liquid crystal, or the like, thereby enabling various displays such as a musical score display.

The external storage device 22 includes HD (hard disk), FD (floppy (registered trademark) disk), and CD.
(Compact disk), DVD (digital versatile disk), MO (magneto-optical disk), etc., one or more types of storage media can be attached and detached. Storage device 22
When the desired storage medium is attached to the
Data can be transferred to AM16. Also, if the attached storage medium is a writable one such as HD or FD,
The data in the RAM 16 can be transferred to a storage medium. In this embodiment, music performance data for a large number of music pieces and a plurality of reference performance data may be stored in the storage medium of the storage device 22 instead of the ROM 14.

The program storage means includes a ROM 14
In place of the storage medium of the storage device 22 (HD, CD,
DVD, MO, etc.). In this case, the program stored in the storage medium is transmitted from the storage device 22 to the RA.
Transfer to M16. Then, the CPU 12 is operated according to the program stored in the RAM 16. In this way, the storage device 22 can easily add or upgrade a program.
The connection to 8 makes it possible to acquire music performance data and reference performance data to be edited, and also facilitates updating of the program.

The timer 24 receives the tempo data T
A clock pulse as a tempo clock signal TCL is generated at a cycle corresponding to D, and each clock pulse is supplied to the CPU 12 as an interrupt command signal. By executing the interrupt processing each time a clock pulse as the tempo clock signal TCL is generated, the automatic performance of the music can be performed based on the music performance data in the storage unit MA. The tempo of the automatic performance is determined according to the tempo data TD.

A note number (pitch information), a velocity value (volume information), a sounding command signal, a mute command signal, and the like are supplied from the MIDI interface 26 to the tone generator 34. The tone generator 34 has a large number (for example, 64) of tone generation channels.

When there is a sound generation request based on the data read from the storage unit MA, the CPU 12 assigns a sound generation command signal, a note number, and a velocity value corresponding to the sound generation request to one of the free tone generation channels. A tone signal having a pitch corresponding to the note number is generated at a volume corresponding to the velocity value from the tone generation channel related to the assignment. When there is a mute request based on the data read from the storage unit MA, the CPU 1
Reference numeral 2 supplies a mute command signal to a tone generation channel which is generating a tone signal corresponding to the note number relating to the mute request, and starts attenuating the tone signal being generated. A tone signal generated from the tone generator 34 is transmitted to a sound system 36.
And is pronounced as a musical tone.

The communication interface 28 is provided for performing information communication with a server computer (not shown) via a communication network 38 (for example, a LAN (local area network), the Internet, a telephone line, etc.). is there. Programs and various data necessary for implementing the present invention are transmitted from a server computer through a communication network 38 and a communication interface 28.
It may be loaded into the AM 16 or the external storage device 22 in response to a download request.

FIG. 3 shows the format of music performance data relating to a predetermined music. The setting information SA includes song name data SA1 representing the song title, key data SA2 representing the key of the song (eg, C key length), tempo data SA3 representing the tempo of the song in quarter notes per minute (eg, 120), Tone data SA4 representing a performance tone (for example, a piano tone), and trill data SA5 representing a trill-related parameter for each trill performance section are stored.

As an example, when a trill performance section as shown in FIG.
The 5, tolyl symbolic data TR representing the tolyl symbol Mt attached to whole note Nt, note pitch C ₄ to represent pitch data TP of Nt, the length of the tempo clock signal TCL number of clock pulses of notes Nt ( Length data TL expressed by the count value), and the speed of the trill performance (for example, high speed, medium speed,
Speed data TS indicating any of the low speeds is stored. At the time of the automatic performance, the tempo data SA3 is supplied to the timer 24 as the tempo data TD, and the tone of the automatic performance sound is set by the tone generator 34 according to the tone color data SA4.

After the setting information SA, performance data such as on-event data and off-event data is stored according to the performance of the music. As an example, a note Nt with a trill symbol Mt is included in the trill performance section shown in FIG.
In the same manner as described with reference to FIG.
The musical score is converted into a musical score indicating a half note, and the performance data is stored according to the musical score after the conversion. That is, for the tone TN ₁ corresponding to the first note, the timing data TM ₁₁ ,
On-event data including note-on event data NE ₁₁ and velocity data VL ₁₁ and off-event data including timing data TM ₁₂ and note-off event data NE ₁₂ are stored. On event data and off event data are stored in the same manner as in TN ₁ for each tone corresponding to each note after the second. The last event data in the trill performance section includes the timing data TM _NM and the note-off event data NE relating to the musical tone T _NM corresponding to the last note.
_The off-event data including _NM is stored. Following this off-event data, timing data TM _NN , note-on event data NE _NN and velocity data VL _NN relating to the musical tone T _NN corresponding to the note NN shown in FIG. Is stored.

Each timing data such as TM ₁₁ , TM _{NN and the} like represents the sound generation timing of the corresponding musical tone. NE
₁₁ , _NENN, etc., each note-on event data indicates the pitch of the corresponding musical tone by a note number. VL ₁₁ ,
Velocity data such as VL _NN represents the volume of the corresponding musical tone with velocity values (such as any of 0 to 127). Each timing data such as TM ₁₂ and TM _NM represents a silence timing of a corresponding musical tone. NE ₁₂ , NE
Each note-off event data such as _NM indicates the pitch of the corresponding musical tone by note number. Each of the timing data such as TM ₁₁ and TM ₁₂ indicates the time from the previous event (the beat if there is no previous event) as the tempo clock signal TC.
It is represented by the number of L clock pulses (count value).

The performance of the trill performance section described above with reference to FIG.
Since the performance data is as per the score,
Automatic performance of music based on performance data
The result is an expressionless expression. With expression according to the present invention
In the processing, the musical tone T_N1~ T _NMTrill performance section including
Performance data to newly created performance data
Therefore, expressive automatic performance is possible by rewriting.
are doing.

FIG. 4 shows a format of reference performance data corresponding to a predetermined trill performance section. The setting information SB includes identification data SB1, key data SB
2, tempo data SB3, section data SB4, pitch data SB5, toll speed data SB6 and the like are stored. The identification data SB1 indicates that the reference performance data relates to a trill performance. The key data SB2 represents the C major as an example. The tempo data SB3 indicates the tempo of the trill performance section in quarter notes per minute.

The section data SB4 indicates a section configuration and a section length of the trill performance section. Figure 1 shows the trill performance section.
As shown in FIG. 5 (C), it may be composed of only a trill body section, or as shown in FIG. Sometimes. FIG. 5B shows a live performance situation in a predetermined trill performance section in the same manner as FIG. 1C.
When the reference performance data of FIG. 4 is created based on the live performance of FIG. 5 (B), the section data SB4 indicates the preceding beat section a, the trill body section b, and the trailing beat section c, and each section has The section length is represented by the number of clock pulses (count value) of the tempo clock signal TCL.

As shown in FIG. 5B, the pitch data SB5 represents the pitch of each of the central tone CT, the upper tone UT, and the lower tone LT. In the example of FIG. 5B, the pitch of the central tone CT is C ₃ in the scale of C major, and the upper tone U
T is a sound D ₃ on one of the center sound CT on scale,
Shitaon LT is a sound B ₂ below one of the center sound CT on scale. Thus, if the pitch of the central sound CT is determined,
Since the pitches of the upper tone UT and the lower tone LT can be automatically determined, the pitch data B5 that represents only the pitch of the central tone CT may be used.

The torill speed data SB6 indicates the speed of the toll performance (for example, any of high speed, medium speed, and low speed) in the torill performance section. The reason why the reference data includes the trickle speed data is to reproduce the speed of the trill performance separately from the performance tempo of the music. That is, in an actual trill performance (live performance), the speed of the trill performance is not significantly affected by the performance tempo of the song, and even if the same song is played at a different tempo, the speed of the trill performance is within a certain range. It turned out that it did not change much. Therefore,
In this embodiment, three types of reference performance data of the trill performance speed, high speed, medium speed, and low speed, are prepared for each trill performance section, and have a trill performance speed suitable for the music to which the expression is to be added. The reference performance data is selected, and an expression is given to the trill performance section of the music performance data based on the selected reference performance data.

In the reference performance data, copying of the performance data of a part of the performance section may be repeated, so that the setting information SB may store data representing the section where the copy is repeated.

After the setting information SB, performance data such as on-event data and off-event data is stored according to the progress of the performance in the trill performance section. As an example, FIG.
For the trill playing (B), on event data _{NO 11} and off event data _{NF 11} corresponding to the first musical sound _{T 11} is stored. The format of the on-event data and the off-event data is the same as described in FIG. On event data and off event data in the same manner as in T ₁₁ is also stored for each tone of the second and subsequent. Off event data NF ₂₇ corresponding to the last tone T ₂₇ is stored as the last event data of the trill performance section.

The off event after the data _{NF 27,} end mark data FM _C after the timing data FT _C stores the timing data FT _C representing time from the mute timing of the tone _{T 27} (the sound generation timing of the next tone) Is stored. It can be reproduced following the trill playing interval silent time by adding the time data FT _C. Termination confirmation becomes easy at the time of data connections by adding a termination mark data FM _C.

The outline of the expression providing process will be described with reference to FIG. When an expression is given to a trill performance section (corresponding to the section from T _{N1 to} T _{NM in} FIG. 3) as shown in FIG. 5A in the music performance data of FIG. 3, as shown in FIG. Reference performance data having fluctuation characteristics as shown in FIG. 4 is prepared based on the live performance. The reference performance data based on the live performance shown in FIG. 5B is composed of performance data of a pre-hitting section a, a trill main section b, and a post-hitting section c. By correcting the pitch, section length, etc. of such reference performance data in accordance with the note Nt, fluctuation performance data corresponding to the trill performance section of FIG. 5A is created.
The created performance data is stored in the music performance data of FIG.
_N1 by using the performance data through T _NM interval expression applied to tolyl playing section shown in FIG. 5 (A) becomes possible.

FIG. 5C shows the created performance data of fluctuation.
Data is displayed as a musical score.
The data is a front hitting section Sa, a trill main section Sb and a rear hitting section.
A state composed of performance data in the section Sc is shown. Figure
5 (C), for displaying the score, for each section of Sa to Sc
FIG. 5 (B) shows the uniform pitch of the sound.
The sound lengths are non-uniform as in the sections a to c. Figure
5 (B) music tone T₁₁, T₁₂, N₂₃~ N₂₇The figure
5 (C) note N₁₁, N₁₂, N₂₃~ N_{2 7}Into it
Each corresponds. The length of the trill performance section in FIG.
5B is longer than the total section length of a to c in FIG.
The performance data of the trill body section b of (B) is copied and connected.
The trill body longer than the trill body section b by continuing
Section Sb can be realized. In this case, the trill body section
Sb contains the tone T of the trill body section a. ₁₃~ T₂₂Niso
More notes N than each corresponding note₁₃~ N_mContains
Will be.

FIG. 6 shows a routine of the expression providing process. In the music information editing / playback program, desired music performance data is selected from a database (the ROM 14 or the storage device 22) by a selection operation on the mouse and the keyboard 30, read out to the storage unit MA, and read from the storage unit MA. Can be displayed on the display 32 for editing, or the music can be automatically performed based on the data in the storage unit MA. In the editing process, a musical score as shown in FIG. 5A can be displayed on the screen of the display 32 based on the data in the storage unit MA.

When the user wants to give an expression to the trill performance section shown in FIG.
The expression providing process is selected by the selection operation at 0. The routine in FIG. 6 starts according to the selection operation at this time. In step 40, it is determined whether or not there is a designation operation of a trill symbol on the mouse and keyboard 30. The designation operation at this time may be an operation of designating a trill symbol added to the note Nt as shown in FIG. 5A, or an operation of adding a trill symbol when the trill symbol is not added to the note Nt. Alternatively, the operation may be such that when a trill symbol is added to the note Nt, the trill symbol is changed to another trill symbol. If any designation operation is not performed within the predetermined time, the determination result of step 40 is negative (N), and the process returns to the editing process.

If the result of the determination in step 40 is affirmative (Y), the preparation processing of FIG. 7 is executed in step 42. In this preparation process, reference performance data (data having a format as shown in FIG. 4) having a trill performance speed corresponding to the music performance data (selected music) in the storage unit MA is read from the database to the storage unit RA. You.

Next, in step 44, it is determined whether or not the reference performance data includes the preceding hit section a with reference to the section data SB4 in the storage unit RA. If the result of this determination is affirmative (Y), then in step 46 the pre-hit sound section processing of FIG. 8 is executed. In the pre-hit sound section processing, performance data of the pre-hit sound section Sa in FIG. 5C is created based on the reference performance data, and written into the storage unit RB.

When the result of the determination in step 44 is negative (N) or when the processing in step 46 is completed,
In step 48, the trill main section processing shown in FIG. 10 is executed. In the trill main section processing, the performance data of the trill main section Sb in FIG. 5C is created based on the reference performance data, and written into the storage unit RB.

Next, in step 50, it is determined whether or not the reference performance data has a later-hitting sound section c with reference to the section data SB4 of the storage unit RA. If the result of this determination is affirmative (Y), the post-hit sound section processing of FIG. 11 is executed in step 52. In the post-hitting sound section processing, the performance data of the rear hitting sound section Sc in FIG. 5C is created based on the reference performance data, and written into the storage unit RB.

When the result of the determination in step 50 is negative (N) or when the processing in step 52 is completed,
Move to step 54. The fluctuation performance data created in steps 46, 48, and 52 is stored in the storage unit RB. In step 54, the velocity value (volume information) in the performance data in the storage unit RB is corrected. That is,
Since the velocity value in the performance data based on the live performance does not always match the velocity value obtained in the automatic performance, the velocity value of the first sound in the trill performance section (V in FIG. 3)
Modifies the velocity values in the performance data in the storage unit RB according to the correspondence) to L _11. The velocity value of the leading sound in the trill performance section is displayed for the note Nt in FIG.

[0046] In the velocity value correction process, the displayed velocity value with respect to the note Nt (corresponding to _{VL 11} in FIG. 3)
Then, the velocity value of the head sound in the performance data of the storage unit RB is corrected to the velocity value displayed for the note Nt. Then, 2 in the performance data of the storage unit RB
The velocity value of each of the subsequent tones is corrected by addition and subtraction processing according to the difference between the velocity values obtained earlier. As a result,
If the volume of the first sound in the performance data of the storage unit RB increases (or decreases) by “20” as a velocity value, the volume of each of the second and subsequent sounds following the first sound also becomes “20” as a velocity value. ”Increases (or decreases), and in the performance data of the storage unit RB, the variation state of the volume of the trill performance sound during the live performance is maintained.

Next, in step 56, rewrites the performance data of the trill playing section of the storage unit MA accordance fluctuation of performance data storage unit RB (corresponding to the data of _T N1 _{through T NM} in Figure 3). This rewriting process will be described later with reference to FIG. After step 56, the process returns to the editing process.

FIG. 7 shows a subroutine of the preparation process. In step 60, the speed data (corresponding to TS in FIG. 3) in the music performance data (selected music) in the storage unit MA is compared with the trill speed data (corresponding to SB6 in FIG. 4) in the reference performance data. Thereby, the reference performance data having the trill performance speed corresponding to the selected music piece is selected from the database and read out to the storage unit RA. In this case, the user may instruct conditions such as key, tempo, section configuration and section length of the trill performance section, and select and read out reference performance data that meets the conditions. Further, when the user instructs the trill performance speed, reference performance data of the trill performance speed according to the instruction may be selected and read. Further, some selectable reference data are displayed on the display 3.
2 and the reference performance data selected by the user from the display data may be read.

Next, at step 62, the key indicated by the key data SA2 of the memory MA matches the key indicated by the key data SB2 of the memory RA, and the pitch indicated by the pitch data TP of the memory MA (FIG. 5 (A) corresponding to the pitch of the note Nt) and the pitch of the central tone CT indicated by the pitch data SB5 in the storage unit RA. If the result of this determination is negative (N), at step 64 the key data SA2 and the pitch data T
The note number (pitch information) in the performance data in the storage unit RA is corrected according to P.

[0050] As an example, pitch data TP with indicating the tone data SA2 Gaha major indicates the pitch C ₄ note Nt of FIG. 5 (A), denote the tone data SB2 Gaha major. Notes number modification process modifies storage unit RA of the performance data of the center sound CT pitches according note Nt with modifying the C ₄ overtone UT and Shitaon LT pitch to D ₄ and B _3, respectively. The pitch correction at this time is shown in FIG.
The pitch state shown in FIG. 5B is changed to the pitch state shown in FIG.

[0051] As another example, when the pitch of the note Nt, labeled tolyl symbol Mt as shown in FIG. 15 (A) is a A ₃ are center tones CT in the performance data in the storage unit RA
Pitch is corrected to _{A 3,} the pitch of the overtones UT and Shitaon LT is modified respectively _{B 3} and _{G 3.} As yet another example, when the flat is attached as temporary symbol tolyl symbol as shown in FIG. 15 (B), it may be a B ^b ₃ is lowered semitone the pitch of overtone UT.

[0052] In the case of FIG. 15 (A), sometimes flat is subjected to the note Nt as accidentals pitch becomes ^A _{b 3.} In this case, the pitch of the central tone CT is corrected to A ^b ₃ , and the pitches of the upper tone UT and the lower tone LT are respectively B ₃
And it is modified to _{G 3.} Also, _{G 3} notes Nt from _{A 3}
When subjected sharp as accidental to note G ₃ while changing the tone pitch becomes G ^# _3. In this case, the pitch of the central tone CT is corrected to G ^# ₃ , and the upper tone UT and the lower tone LT
The pitch is corrected to _{A 3} and _{F 3,} respectively. The A ^b ₃ and ^G _{# 3,} but as a center sound CT is the same pitch, resulting in different pitches for any of overtones UT and Shitaon LT (for UT is _{B 3} and _{A 3,} a _{G 3} and _{F 3} for LT). Therefore, at the time of pitch correction, it is necessary to determine the pitch in consideration of not only the accidental symbol attached to the trill symbol but also the accidental symbol attached to the note to be trilled.

In the above example, the key data SA2, SB2
However, the pitches can be corrected relatively easily because they are the same in C major. However, depending on the key, it may not be possible to easily adjust the pitch. Therefore, all the reference performance data is stored in the database as C major data, and a pitch conversion table from C major is stored in a storage means such as the ROM 14 for each key. The pitch may be corrected with reference to a pitch conversion table from C major to G major. By doing so, the storage amount of the reference performance data can be reduced. As another measure, reference performance data may be stored for each key, and reference performance data of the same key as the key indicated by the key data SA2 may be read.
In this case, the pitch conversion table can be omitted.

When the determination result of step 62 is affirmative (Y) or when the process of step 64 is completed,
At step 66, it is determined with reference to the section data SB4 of the storage unit RA whether or not the reference performance data includes the preceding hit section a. If the result of this determination is affirmative (Y), then in step 68 the duration data TL of the storage section MA and the section data S of the storage section RA
The section length of the preceding hit section Sa is determined according to B4, and is set in the storage area La of the storage section LM.

As an example, FIG.
As shown in FIG.
It is assumed that B4 represents a front strike section a, a trill main section b, and a rear strike section c as shown in FIG. 5B. a to c
Is the ratio of the length Qa of the section a to the total section length S of
a / S, and S and Qa are obtained from the section data SB4. Assuming that the length of a whole note is K, the preceding hit section Sa
Is K × Qa / S. The section length of the preceding hit section Sa obtained in this way is set in the storage area La.

When the determination result of step 66 is negative (N) or when the processing of step 68 is completed,
At step 70, the sound length data TL of the storage unit MA and the storage unit R
The section length of the trill main section Sb is determined according to the section data SB4 of A, and is set in the storage area Lb of the storage section LM. In the example described above regarding step 68, assuming that the length of the tolyl main section b is Qb, the section length of the tolyl main section Sb is K × Qb / S.

Next, at step 72, it is determined whether or not the reference performance data has a later-hitting sound section c with reference to the section data SB4 of the storage unit RA. If the result of this determination is affirmative (Y), then in step 74, the subsequent hitting section Sc according to the duration data TL of the storage section MA and the section data SB4 of the storage section RA.
Is determined and set in the storage area Lc of the storage unit LM. In the example described above with respect to step 68, assuming that the length of the post-hitting sound section c is Qc, the section length of the post-hitting sound section Sc is K × Qc / S.

When the result of the determination at step 72 is negative (N) or when the processing at step 74 is completed,
In step 76, the performance data of the pre-hitting section a, the trill main section b, and the post-hitting section c of the storage section RA are read and written into the storage areas La, Lb, and Lc of the storage section LM. Thereafter, the process returns to the routine of FIG.

FIG. 12 shows that the storage unit LM is
The state in which the performance data is written in the same manner as in FIG.
It is shown. In the storage unit LM, the storage area La
Is the musical tone T of the previous hit section a.₁₁, T₁₂Performance data
The tone of the trill body section b is written in the storage area Lb.
T₁₃, T₁₄~ T₂₂Performance data is written and stored
In the area Lc, the musical tone T of the subsequent hit section c is provided.₂₃~ T₂₇Performance
Performance data is written. The pitch is corrected in step 64 of FIG.
Since the tone T shown in FIG.₁₁~ T ₂₇sound of
The height is different from that shown in FIG.
It is shown in the above.

FIG. 8 shows a subroutine of the pre-hit sound section processing. In step 80, the section length is determined based on the timing value in the performance data of the storage area La, and it is determined whether or not the determined section length matches the section length of the previous hit section Sa previously set in the storage area La. I do. If the result of this determination is negative (N), the routine proceeds to step 82, where the timing value of the performance data in the storage area La is corrected so that a match is obtained. For example, when the obtained section length is shorter (or longer) than the section length of the preceding beating section Sa, the timing value is corrected to be larger (or smaller) so that they match. An example of this correction is shown in FIG. The musical sounds T _n1 and T _n2 respectively correspond to T ₁₁ and T ₁₂ ,
K represents the length (trill playing section length) of the whole note Nt in FIG.

When the determination result of step 80 is affirmative (Y) or when the process of step 82 is completed,
In step 84, the performance data in the storage area La is transferred to the storage unit RB. Thereafter, the process returns to the routine of FIG.

In the process of step 82, as shown in FIG. 9, the tone T
₁₂ next timing data FTa and end mark data FMa off event data _{NF 12} of may be added. Timing data FTa is intended to represent a silence from silencing timings of tone T _12, it can be used as the timing data TMb (represents the tone generation timing) in the on-event data of the first musical tone T ₁₃ tolyl body section Sb . In this manner, the timing data after a mute timing of the tone _{T 12} FTa
So that the musical tone T ₁₃ via a silent time indicated by (TMb) is started sound. Note that the end mark data FMa is
The timing data FTa is used in the storage unit RB instead of the timing data TMb to confirm the end of the musical tone T.
₁₂ off event data _{NF 12} of being removed after connecting the on-event data of the tone _{T 13.}

FIG. 10 shows a subroutine of the trill main section processing. In step 90, the storage unit RA
With reference to the section data SB4, it is determined whether or not the reference performance data includes the preceding hit section a. The result of this determination is positive (Y)
If so, proceed to step 92.

In step 92, the last note number in the performance data in the storage area La is compared with the first note number in the performance data in the storage area Lb. Determine the number. This is because the last sound of the previous hit section Sa and the trill body section Sb
This is to make the pitch different from the first sound. Specifically, when the last note number of La and the first note number of Lb are compared and matched, the on-event data and off-event data corresponding to the first note of Lb are deleted, and the second note number is deleted. The performance data corresponding to the sound may be the first performance data of Lb. As in the example shown in FIG.
When the pitch (C ₄ ) of the last sound of a and the pitch (D ₄ ) of the first sound of Lb are different, the pitch determination processing is unnecessary.

The pitch determination process in step 92 includes, for example, the performance data of the trill system from below as shown in FIG. 16B with respect to the trill symbol Mt and the note Nt as shown in FIG. As shown in C), the performance data of the trill system (two performance data having the same trill performance speed but different directions) is treated as a pair of data from the top, and one of the performance data is compared with the last note event of La. When the first note event of the matching Lb is detected, one performance data may be used instead of one performance data.

When the result of the determination in step 90 is negative (N) or when the processing in step 92 is completed, the process proceeds to step 94, where the section length is determined based on the timing value in the performance data in the storage area Lb. Is determined, and it is determined whether or not the obtained section length matches the section length of the trill main section Sb set in the storage area Lb first. If the result of this determination is negative (N), the flow proceeds to step 96.

In step 96, the performance data in the storage area Lb is partially deleted or copied and connected to the trill main section Sb. Part of the performance data of Lb is deleted when the section length obtained from the performance data of Lb is longer than the section length of the trill main section Sb. Also,
The performance data of Lb is copied and connected when the section length obtained from the performance data of Lb is shorter than the section length of the trill main section Sb.
3 (B). In FIG. 13 (B), RP indicates the section connected to copy, copy the musical data of the musical tone _{T 1} 3 _{through T 22} in the storage area Lb shown in FIG. 12 T
Connect to ₂₂ performance data are further example of connecting the performance data of T ₂₂ copied earlier to copy the music data from the T ₁₃ 4 minutes sound indicated. Musical sounds T _n3 , T _n4 ...
Correspond to T ₁₃ , T ₁₄ , respectively.

[0068] In the process of step 96, with reference to the storage area Lc determined the pitch of the first note T _23, as the sound of the determined pitch different from the pitch is the last sound tolyl body section Sb in Perform processing. In this case, FIG.
Sometimes it occurs sound across the hitting sound section Sc after tolyl body section Sb as tone T _m shown.

Next, at step 98, the subsequent hitting section Sc
It is determined whether there is a sound straddling. If the result of this determination is affirmative (Y), the timing value in the Lb performance data is corrected in step 100 so that the section length based on the Lb performance data matches the section length of the trill main section Sb.
An example of this correction is shown in FIG. In FIG. 13 (C) are shown mute timing of the tone T _m a state contained in the tolyl body section Sb (how time compressed) is. In the process of step 100, timing data and end mark data corresponding to the silence period may be added in the same manner as described above with reference to FIG.

According to the processing of step 100, the speed of the trill performance is slightly faster than the performance data of Lb in FIG. 12 as a result of the time compression. Comparing the case where the speed of the trill performance is slightly increased from the desired speed and the case where the speed is slightly decreased, it has been found that the higher the speed is, the less the auditory perception is.
Even if the speed of the trill performance is slightly increased by the processing of 0, practically no inconvenience occurs.

When the result of the determination at step 94 is affirmative (Y), when the result of the determination at step 98 is negative (N), or when the process at step 100 is completed, the process proceeds to step 102, The performance data in the storage area Lb is transferred to the storage unit RB. At this time, the performance data of the trill main section Sb is connected to the performance data of the preceding hit section Sa as described above with reference to FIG. Thereafter, the process returns to the routine of FIG.

FIG. 11 is a subroutine of the post-hit sound section processing.
It shows. In step 110, the storage area Lc
Section length based on the timing value in the performance data
Therefore, the determined section length is set in the storage area Lc first.
Then, it is determined whether or not it matches the section length of the after-hitting section Sc. this
If the result of the determination is negative (N), go to step 112
Shift and the timing of the storage area Lc so that a match is obtained.
Modify the value as described in step 82. this
An example of the correction is shown in FIG. Music T_nc~ T
_nmIs T₂₃~ T₂₇Corresponding to

The determination result of step 110 is positive (Y)
When the processing in step 112 has been completed or the processing in step 112 has been completed, the processing moves to step 114, and the performance data in the storage area Lc is transferred to the storage unit RB. At this time, the performance data of the after-hitting section Sc is connected to the performance data of the trill main section Sb.

According to the processing of FIGS. 7 to 11, the performance data corresponding to the musical tones T _{n1 to} T _nm is written in the storage unit RB as shown in FIG. FIG. 5 (C) shows FIG.
4 is a musical score display of the performance data of T _{n1 to} T _nm of N 4, wherein N ₁₁ and N ₁₂ are T _n1 and T _n2 , and N ₁₃ and N
₁₄ to N _m is the _{T n3, T n4~ T m,} N 23 ~N 27
Corresponds to T _{nc to} T _nm , respectively. As described in FIG. 4, when the timing data FTc and the end mark data FMc are added to the reference performance data, these data are also written in the storage unit RB.

In step 56 of FIG. 6, the performance data of the trill performance section in the music performance data
It is rewritten as shown in FIG. That is, the musical tone T
_N1 of the timing data _{TM 11} represents the time from mute timing immediately before the musical tone to beat head timing data TMa tone _{T n1,} when denote the time from beat head TMa the timing value of _{TM 11} a material obtained by adding the timing value as a new timing values TM _11. The data from the note-on event data of T _{N1 to} the note-off event data of the musical tone T _NM is _{rewritten according to} the data from the note-on event data of T _n1 to the note-off event data of the musical tone T _nm . _Furthermore, it is rewritten in accordance with the timing data FTc timing data of the next musical _{T NN} of _{T NM.} In this way, the silent time at the end of the trill performance section can be reflected in the automatic performance. End mark data FMc
Is deleted first without writing to the storage unit MA.

In the above-described embodiment, the tempo data SA3 in the music performance data of the storage unit MA and the tempo data SB3 in the reference performance data of the storage unit RA are not considered. This is based on the idea that it is more natural to absorb the difference in tempo by the number of trill performances. However, the tempo data SA3 and SB3 may be considered. For example, in the process of FIG. 7, in a step (not shown) subsequent to the step 76, the timing values in the performance data La to Lc in FIG. 12 are modified so as to reflect the difference in tempo. That is, when the tempo values indicated by the tempo data SA3 and SB3 are Ta and Tb, respectively, the tempo data SA3 and SB3 are compared. If SA3 is faster, the timing values of La to Lc are determined according to the tempo value ratio Tb / Ta. Is corrected to be smaller, and if SA3 is later, the timing values of La to Lc are corrected to be larger in accordance with the tempo ratio Tb / Ta. For example, Tb / T
If a = 120/160 = 3/4, the timing values of La to Lc are multiplied by 3/4 to compress the time, and conversely, T
If b / Ta = 4/3, the time is extended. Such a timing value correction process may be performed only on the performance data of Lb (performance data of the trill body section b).

In the above-described embodiment, if the reference performance data does not include a pre-hit sound section or a post-hit sound section,
The processing is performed only for the trill main section (see FIG. 6). For example, by inputting information on the pre-hitting sound section and the post-hitting sound section from the mouse and the keyboard 30, the pre-hitting sound section processing and the post-hitting sound section processing may be enabled. If the pitch data SB5 indicating the pitch of the central tone CT is not present in the reference performance data, the pitch having the highest frequency of appearance may be determined as the pitch of the central tone. In this case, among the appearing pitches, a pitch one level higher than the pitch of the central tone is set as an upper tone, and a pitch one level lower than the pitch of the central tone is set as a lower tone.

In the process of step 96 in FIG.
As a result of partially deleting the performance data of Lb corresponding to the section length of b, when it is determined that no trill performance is included, one round trip trill performance may be compressed and added.

With respect to step 40 in FIG. 6, a temporary symbol such as sharp or flat can be added to the trill symbol by operating the mouse and keyboard 30 as shown in FIG. For convenience of the user, various accidental trill symbols as illustrated in FIG. 17 are listed on the screen of the display 32, and the user selects an arbitrary accidental trill symbol to select a desired musical note. It may be added.

Next, with reference to FIG. 18, a description will be given of the fluctuation performance data creation processing relating to the prill trailer (upward sound). When generating fluctuation performance data for a musical note Np having a prill trigger symbol Mp as shown in FIG. 18 (A), reference performance data is prepared based on the live performance of the prill trigger as shown in FIG. 18 (B). FIG.
8 (B) is intended to indicate a live situation in the same manner as in FIG. 1 (C), the in this example, playing a sound T ₃₂ as overtones UT after playing the sound T ₃₁ of about sound CT In addition, the performance is performed with the sound T ₃₃ (sound having the same pitch as the sound T ₃₁ ) as the central sound CT extended.

For the prepared reference performance data, note Np
Note Np by correcting pitch, section length, etc.
And performance data composed of corrected reference performance data is created. FIG. 18C shows the created performance data as a musical score. Note N
_The musical tones corresponding to N ₃₁ , N ₃₂ and N ₃₃ are the sound T
₃₁ , T ₃₂ , and T ₃₃ , respectively. As the processing for correcting the pitch, the section length, and the like according to the note Np, an appropriate one of the processing described above for the trill performance can be adopted. As the section length correction processing, instead of step 96 in FIG.
It is preferable to use a timing value correction process as described below.

The mordent (downward sound) is shown in FIG.
In this case, the only difference is that the lower tone LT is played in place of the upper tone UT, unlike the pralritler, so that the performance data of the fluent characteristic relating to the mordent can be created in the same manner as described above with reference to FIG.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but can be implemented in various modified forms. For example, the following changes are possible.

(1) The number of sections provided in the reference performance data is not limited to three, but may be two or three or more. Further, the processing may be performed by dividing the main body section into a plurality of sections.

(2) The performance data may be composed of a plurality of parts. As the reference performance data, data corresponding to a plurality of parts may be prepared. For example, an accompaniment part such as a chord may be provided in addition to the melody part, and reference performance data of the accompaniment part may be prepared by adding a pre-hit sound section or a post-hit sound section to the main body section.

(3) The reference performance data is not limited to data prepared in advance in a factory set, but may be data created by a user or obtained from a communication network.

(4) As the reference performance data, data corresponding to the trill performance sections having various accidental symbols are prepared, and the trill with the accidental symbol is responded in response to the designation operation of the trill symbol with the accidental symbol. The reference performance data of the trill performance section corresponding to the symbol may be automatically selected.

(5) The pitch designation in the reference performance data may be performed by designating a pitch from a reference sound such as a center sound.

(6) For the pre-hit sound section and the post-hit sound section, the performance timing information of the pre-hit sound section and the post-hit sound section of the reference performance data is used without modification, and the reference performance data is used only for the trill main section. May be adjusted.

(7) The expression providing process may be performed by automatically detecting a section to be processed such as a trill performance section from the music piece performance data.

(8) The present invention can be used to create performance data having a natural feeling for grace notes such as grace notes, arpeggios, shakes, turns, bends, and glissandos, as well as torils, prills, and mordents. is there.

(9) The arithmetic processing for setting the volume is not limited to the addition / subtraction processing, but may be a multiplication / division processing. However, it is better not to use the addition and subtraction processing and the multiplication / division processing in one processing.

(10) The performance data of the storage unit MA is transferred to the storage medium of the storage device 22, and at another occasion, the present performance device or another performance device performs an automatic performance based on the performance data of the storage medium. You may do so.

(11) The format of the performance data is not limited to the “event + relative time” system in which the event occurrence time is represented by a relative time from the immediately preceding event. "Event + Absolute time" method expressed by time, "Pitch (rest) + note length" method expressing the contents of music by pitch and note length and rest and rest length, minimum time unit of event occurrence An arbitrary method such as a method of securing a storage area for each event and storing the event in a storage area corresponding to the event occurrence time can be used.

(12) The present invention is not limited to a form in which application software is installed in a personal computer, but includes a processing device, a storage device, a sound source device, and the like as separate devices, and these devices are provided with a MIDI interface or a communication network. The present invention can also be implemented in the form of connection by communication means, or in the form of an electronic musical instrument incorporating a sound source device, an automatic performance device, and the like.

[0096]

As described above, according to the present invention, the performance section in which the playing style is instructed is divided into a plurality of partial performance sections corresponding to the plurality of performance sections of the facial expression imparting information. Since the performance data is created based on the expression providing information of the corresponding performance section for each performance section, the performance data of the performance section in which the playing style is instructed by connecting the performance data of a plurality of partial performance sections is created. By adding a pre-hitting section or a post-hitting section to the main section, it is possible to easily create performance data with a variety of expressions and rich expressiveness.

[0097] Further, a desired speed among different speeds of the performance related to the playing style is designated, and expression providing information corresponding to the designated speed is selected from a plurality of expression providing information.
Since the performance data of the performance section in which the playing style is instructed is created based on the expression providing information related to the selection, the expressive performance data reflecting the desired playing speed of the playing style separately from the performance tempo. Can be easily created.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a musical performance and a live performance based on a musical score based on a note with a trill symbol.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an automatic performance device provided with an expression providing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a format of music performance data.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a format of reference performance data.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an outline of a facial expression providing process.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an expression providing process.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a subroutine of a preparation process.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a subroutine of a pre-hit sound section process.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a connection state of performance data in a preceding hit section and a trill main section.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a subroutine of a trill body section process.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a subroutine of post-hit sound section processing.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a storage state in a storage unit LM.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a performance data creation situation of a pre-hit sound section, a trill main body section, and a post-hit sound section.

FIG. 14 shows a storage unit M according to performance data in the storage unit RB.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a state in which performance data of a trill performance section in the performance data of A is rewritten.

FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a note with a trill symbol.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing two types of trill performances based on notes with a trill symbol.

FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a trill symbol with an accidental symbol.

FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining performance data creation processing relating to a prill trailer.

[Explanation of symbols]

10: bus, 12: CPU, 14: ROM, 16: RA
M, 18: detection circuit, 20: display circuit, 22: external storage device, 24: timer, 26: MIDI interface, 28: communication interface, 30: mouse and keyboard, 32: display, 34: sound source device, 3
6: sound system, 38: communication network.

Claims (7)

[Claims] A step of preparing expression providing information for giving a facial expression to a performance of a performance section in which a predetermined playing style is instructed for a plurality of continuous performance sections; Dividing each of the plurality of partial performance sections into a plurality of partial performance sections corresponding to each of the plurality of performance sections; and providing expression information of a corresponding one of the plurality of performance sections for each of the plurality of partial performance sections. Generating the performance data based on the performance data; and connecting the performance data of the plurality of partial performance sections in an order corresponding to the plurality of performance sections to generate performance data of the performance section in which the playing style is instructed. Performance data creation method including 2. In the step of creating performance data for each of the plurality of partial performance sections, performance data is created in consideration of the connection of performances in the plurality of partial performance sections. 2. The performance data creating method according to claim 1, wherein 3. The step of creating performance data for each partial performance section of the plurality of partial performance sections includes performing performance data creation processing for a certain partial performance section and performance data processing for another partial performance section. 2. The performance data creation method according to claim 1, wherein the performance data is different. 4. A process for creating performance data for a certain partial performance section and a process for creating performance data for another partial performance section so that performance data suitable for the length of the partial performance section is obtained. 4. The performance data creating method according to claim 3, wherein a processing method for processing the music data is different. 5. A storage means for storing expression providing information for giving a facial expression to a performance in a performance section in which a predetermined performance style is instructed for a plurality of continuous performance sections, and storing said performance section in which said performance style is instructed. Dividing means for dividing into a plurality of partial performance sections respectively corresponding to the plurality of performance sections; and an expression of a corresponding one of the plurality of performance sections for each of the plurality of partial performance sections. First creating means for creating performance data based on the additional information; and performance data of the performance section in which the playing style is instructed by connecting the performance data of the plurality of partial performance sections in an order corresponding to the plurality of performance sections. A performance data creation device comprising: a second creation means for creating data. 6. A recording device used in a performance data creating apparatus having storage means for storing expression providing information for providing a facial expression to a performance in a performance section in which a predetermined playing style is instructed for a plurality of continuous performance sections. A medium, wherein the performance section in which the playing style is instructed is divided into a plurality of partial performance sections respectively corresponding to the plurality of performance sections; and for each of the plurality of partial performance sections, Creating performance data based on the expression providing information of the corresponding performance section of the plurality of performance sections; and connecting the performance data of the plurality of partial performance sections in an order corresponding to the plurality of performance sections. Creating performance data for a performance section in which the playing style is instructed. 7. A step of preparing a plurality of pieces of facial expression providing information for providing facial expressions to a performance in a performance section in which a predetermined playing style is instructed, wherein said plurality of facial expression providing information includes different speeds of performances related to said playing style. And a step of designating a desired speed among different speeds of the performance according to the playing style; and providing the expression providing information corresponding to the speed designated in this step with the plurality of facial expressions. A performance data creating method, comprising: selecting from among the added information; and creating performance data of a performance section in which the playing style is designated based on the expression added information selected in this step.