JP4186802B2 - Automatic accompaniment generator and program - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an automatic accompaniment generator, and more particularly to an automatic accompaniment generator that generates accompaniment information based on accompaniment pattern data.

  2. Description of the Related Art A performance pattern processing apparatus is known that can edit an accompaniment pattern (performance data string) prepared in advance based on a chord sequence (chord progression string) and convert it into a performance data string corresponding to music data to be played. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).

  For example, accompaniment information for left-hand performance can be generated from accompaniment pattern data prepared separately for music data including a melody track and a chord sequence.

JP 2002-268638 A

  When accompaniment information is automatically generated based on the accompaniment pattern, and when the accompaniment information data range (melody data) recorded on the melody track overlaps with the accompaniment information range developed by the accompaniment pattern data as chords There is. In such a case, the accompaniment information generated by the accompaniment pattern and the melody data are displayed as a score, and when the user actually tries to play on the keyboard, the right hand and the left hand collide, and there are places where the performance is impossible. There is a possibility of coming.

  An object of the present invention is to provide an automatic accompaniment generating apparatus that does not overlap the melody part and the actual performance, even if the accompaniment information is generated using the accompaniment pattern, and that can perform all actual performances. .

According to an aspect of the present invention, the automatic accompaniment generating apparatus includes a reading unit that reads out song data and accompaniment pattern data, a dividing unit that divides the song data into a plurality of target sections, and a target section from the song data. Detecting means for detecting the lowest pitch of the melody, determining means for determining the highest pitch of the accompaniment based on the lowest pitch of the melody for each target section, and generating means for generating the accompaniment information from the accompaniment pattern data And output means for outputting the accompaniment information, and control means for controlling the output means so that the accompaniment information is not output when the pitch of the accompaniment information is equal to or higher than the highest accompaniment pitch. .

  According to the present invention, even in the accompaniment information generated using the accompaniment pattern, the melody part and the sound range do not overlap. Therefore, all actual performances can be performed.

  Further, according to the present invention, since the left-hand part data is automatically generated according to the melody, the user does not need to perform operations such as melody correction and chord change.

  In addition, according to the present invention, the accompaniment part can be corrected to the minimum necessary level because it can be divided into small sections.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration of an electronic musical instrument constituting an automatic accompaniment generating apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  A RAM 3, a ROM 4, a CPU 5, an external storage device 7, a detection circuit 8, a display circuit 10, a tone generator circuit 12, an effect circuit 13, and a communication interface 17 are connected to the bus 2 of the automatic accompaniment generator 1.

  The user can make various settings using the operation element 9 connected to the detection circuit 8. The operation element 9 is a performance operation element such as a performance keyboard and other setting operation elements. The setting operator may be any device that can output a signal corresponding to a user input, such as a mouse, a character input keyboard, a joystick, a rotary encoder, a switch, or a jog shuttle.

  The operation element 9 may be a soft switch or the like displayed on the display 11 operated using another operation element such as a mouse.

  The display circuit 10 is connected to the display 11 and can display various information on the display 11.

  The external storage device 7 includes an interface for an external storage device, and is connected to the bus 2 via the interface. The external storage device 7 includes, for example, a floppy (registered trademark) disk drive (FDD), a hard disk drive (HDD), a magneto-optical disk (MO) drive, a CD-ROM (compact disk-read only memory) drive, and a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc). ) Drive, semiconductor memory, etc.

  The external storage device 7 can store various parameters, various data, a program for realizing the present embodiment, music data, and the like.

  The RAM 3 has a working area for the CPU 5 that stores flags, registers or buffers, various parameters, and the like. The ROM 4 can store various parameters and control programs, or a program for realizing the present embodiment. The CPU 5 performs calculation or control according to a control program or the like stored in the ROM 4 or the external storage device 7.

  The timer 6 is connected to the CPU 5 and supplies a basic clock signal, interrupt processing timing, and the like to the CPU 5.

  The tone generator circuit 12 generates a tone signal in accordance with audio data and a performance signal such as a MIDI signal and supplies it to the sound system 14 via the effect circuit 13.

  The system of the tone generator circuit 12 may be any system such as a waveform memory system, FM system, physical model system, harmonic synthesis system, formant synthesis system, VCO + VCF + VCA analog synthesizer system, and analog simulation system. The tone generator circuit 12 may be configured using dedicated hardware, the tone generator circuit 12 may be configured using a DSP + microprogram, or the tone generator circuit 12 may be configured using a CPU + software program. Good. A combination of these may also be used. Further, a plurality of sound generation channels may be formed by using one circuit in a time division manner, or one sound generation channel may be formed by one circuit.

  The effect circuit 13 gives various effects to the digital musical tone signal supplied from the tone generator circuit 12. The sound system 14 includes a D / A converter and a speaker, converts a digital musical tone signal supplied to an analog format, and generates a sound.

  The communication interface 17 is an interface conforming to the IEEE 1394 standard. The communication interface 17 may include an interface that can be connected to a communication network 19 such as a LAN (local area network), the Internet, or a telephone line. In this case, the server computer 20 is connected via the communication network 19, and the control program, the program for realizing the present embodiment, and performance information are stored in the external storage device 7 such as an HDD or the RAM 4 from the server computer 20. Etc. can be downloaded.

  The communication interface 17 may further include a MIDI interface to which a MIDI device can be connected, a USB interface to which a USB device can be connected, and the like.

  The external device 20 is a device that can be connected via the communication interface 17, and is, for example, a MIDI device such as a keyboard for external connection, other tone generators, a computer, or the like. The form of the MIDI device is not limited to a keyboard instrument, and may be a string instrument type, a wind instrument type, a percussion instrument type, or the like. The user can also input a performance signal by playing (manipulating) the external device 20. The external device 20 can also be used as an operator for inputting various data other than performance information and various settings.

  FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the format of the music data MD according to this embodiment. The song data MD is automatic performance data such as MIDI data, for example, and includes header information HC, performance data PD, chord sequence CS, and the like.

  In the header information HC, for example, information such as an initial volume value, an initial tempo value, a track tone color, and an effect setting is recorded. In the music data MD of the present embodiment, key information (Key Signature) KS indicating the key of the music corresponding to the music data MD can be recorded in the header information HC. In this case, the key information KS may be recorded with a key name such as “CMaj” or “Amin”, or a key number such as “#” or “♭”, the number of the key numbers, and Maj or min (Major or monotonous) may be recorded.

  The performance data PD includes, for example, a plurality of tracks TR of tracks 1 to n, and each track TR includes timing data TM and event data EV representing an event to be reproduced at a timing indicated by the timing data TM. Composed.

  The timing data TM is data representing the time for processing various events represented by the event data EV. In this embodiment, the timing data TM is represented by the number of bars, the number of beats in the bar, and the number of clocks in the beat (bar: beat: clock). The event processing time may be expressed as an absolute time from the start of the performance, or may be expressed as a relative time that is an elapsed time from the previous event.

  The event data EV is data representing the contents of various events for reproducing music. Events include note events (note data) that represent notes that are directly related to the occurrence of music, which is a combination of note-on and note-off events, pitch change events (pitch bend events), tempo change events, tone change events, etc. A setting event for setting the reproduction mode of the music is included. Each note event records a pitch, a pronunciation length (gate time), a volume (velocity), and the like.

  The chord sequence CS is sequence data for recording chord information representing the chord progression of the music data MD as a chord event. Like the track TR of the performance data PD, the chord sequence CS is music data at the timing represented by the timing data TM and the timing data TM. A code event (event data EV) representing MD code information is included.

  The format of the accompaniment pattern data is the same as the performance data PD of the music data MD. In this embodiment, the accompaniment pattern data includes only the left-hand accompaniment track for the keyboard instrument. However, the accompaniment pattern data includes a plurality of tracks including a chord accompaniment track, a bass accompaniment track, and a rhythm track. Can be included. In the accompaniment pattern data, the accompaniment data of each track excluding the rhythm track is created based on a predetermined chord, and the chord is converted according to the chord information specified in the chord sequence CS at the time of performance. For example, the predetermined chord is C major, and the pitch in the accompaniment data is converted to match the chord specified at the time of performance. The predetermined code of the accompaniment data may be fixed or variable.

  The accompaniment pattern data includes the section name (intro, main, ending, etc.) of the accompaniment pattern data, the number of measures (for example, 1 measure, 4 measures, 8 measures, etc.), and the music genre such as jazz, rock, classic, etc. Includes identification information such as type.

  Furthermore, a part of music data can be used as accompaniment pattern data. If any part of the song data is used as it is, the chord information need not be referred to. However, the chord information may be referred to when controlling the accompaniment sound. For example, the chord information may be referred to and converted so that the sound that extends the sound length becomes a sound that matches the chord (chord constituent sound). Also, when using a measure with a part with music data as accompaniment pattern data, an accompaniment sound is generated with reference to chord information.

  FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing automatic accompaniment generation processing according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  In step SA1, automatic accompaniment generation processing is started, and initial setting is performed in step SA2. In this initial setting, for example, selection of music data MD and accompaniment pattern data to be used for the music data and division method (code, measure, etc.) are set by using the operator 9 in FIG. In this embodiment, the song data is divided for each chord section according to the chord sequence. A code section is a section in which the same code continues.

  In step SA3, the song data MD is divided into code sections with reference to the chord information (code sequence) CS included in the song data MD selected in step SA2.

  In step SA4, accompaniment information is generated for each chord section divided in step SA3 using the accompaniment pattern data selected in step SA2. The accompaniment information generation process for each chord section here will be described later with reference to FIG. The accompaniment information generation process shown in FIG. 4 is repeated for the number of chord sections, and after accompaniment is added to the entire music data MD, the automatic accompaniment generation process is terminated in step SA5.

  FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the accompaniment information generation process performed in step SA4 of FIG.

  In step SB1, accompaniment information generation processing is started, and in step SB2, melody data (for example, performance data in a track considered to be a melody part) is obtained from the target section of the song data MD (the current processing target chord section). Extraction is performed to detect the minimum pitch (melody minimum pitch) of the melody data. In the detection of the melody part, for example, a track including the highest sound among a plurality of tracks may be set as the melody part, or a track designated by the user may be set as the melody part. Further, not only one track may be a melody part, but a plurality of tracks may be collectively detected and selected as one melody part. In addition, the melody part may be detected using a known detection method.

  In step SB3, the highest accompaniment pitch is determined based on the lowest melody pitch detected in step SB2. The accompaniment maximum pitch is a parameter that specifies the maximum pitch of the note event (maximum note number) included in the accompaniment information generated by the accompaniment information generation process. For example, a value less than the minimum pitch of the melody is determined. (Refer to the description of FIG. 5B, which will be described later) or a sound lower than the lowest melody pitch, such as 3 semitones below the lowest melody pitch, and with the right hand when playing with both hands. You may make it designate below the scale apart so that the performance of the melody part to be performed is not hindered (refer to the description of FIG. 5C described later).

  In step SB4, the contents of the accompaniment sound list DataList created in the RAM 3 or the like in FIG. 1 are initialized.

  In step SB5, accompaniment pattern data corresponding to the target section (the chord section to be processed this time) is read out one note (one note event) at a time and stored as PatternNote. After that, in Step SB6, the PatternNote is converted (transposed) to match the current effective code (code corresponding to the current timing) based on the code sequence CS included in the song data MD.

  In step SB7, it is determined whether the pitch of the PatternNote converted in step SB6 is equal to or higher than the accompaniment maximum pitch determined in step SB3. If it is equal to or higher than the accompaniment maximum pitch, the process proceeds to step SB9 indicated by an arrow of YES, and if it is less than the maximum accompaniment pitch, the process proceeds to step SB8 indicated by an arrow of NO.

  In step SB8, accompaniment sound information including the converted PatternNote (accompaniment data obtained by replacing the note event read in step SB5 with the PatternNote converted in step SB6) is added to the accompaniment sound list DataList. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step SB11.

  In step SB9, it is determined whether or not the accompaniment sound list DataList is in an initial state (a state in which no PatternNote is registered). If it is in the initial state, the process proceeds to step SB11 indicated by an arrow of YES. If it is not in the initial state, that is, if at least one PatternNote is registered, the process proceeds to step SB10 indicated by an arrow of NO. In this embodiment, when the pitch of PatternNote is equal to or higher than the highest accompaniment pitch, the note length (gate time) of PatternNote (PatternNote registered at the end of the accompaniment sound list DataList) at the previous timing is used. To the note length of PatternNote at the current timing. In order to perform such addition, since at least one PatternNote needs to be registered, it is determined here.

  In step SB10, the length of the PatternNote at the current timing is added to the length of the PatternNote (gate time) registered at the end of the accompaniment sound list DataList. As a result, the PatternNote at the current timing is deleted on the performance (on the score), and there is no need to play the PatternNote at the current timing, and there is no conflict with the melody performance performed with the right hand.

  In step SB11, it is determined whether the PatternNote at the current timing is the last accompaniment pattern data (note event) in the target section. If it is the last data, the process proceeds to step SB12 indicated by a YES arrow. If it is not the last data, the process returns to step SB5 indicated by a NO arrow and the subsequent processing is repeated.

  In step SB12, the accompaniment sound list DataList is output as accompaniment sound information. Then, it progresses to step SB13 and complete | finishes this accompaniment sound production | generation process. This accompaniment sound generation process is performed for all the target sections extracted in step SA3 in FIG. The output accompaniment sound information is used, for example, to generate a score display screen, and the score display screen generated based on the accompaniment sound information is displayed on the display 11 of FIG. The user performs with reference to the score display screen. When displaying the score, the original music data MD is displayed along with the accompaniment sound information. The output accompaniment sound information can also be used for automatic performance.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the accompaniment sound generation processing of FIG.

  FIG. 5A is a diagram showing accompaniment information and melody parts after performing the processing up to step SB6 in FIG. The melody part for two measures shown in FIG. 5A is divided into target sections ST1 to ST4 for each chord. Here, the determination criteria in step SB7 of FIG. 4 are “whether or not PatternNote is equal to or higher than the accompaniment highest pitch (= melody lowest pitch) determined in step SB3”, and “PatternNote is determined in step SB3”. The case where the accompaniment is at least three semitones below the highest accompaniment pitch (= lowest melody pitch) will be described.

  When the determination criterion is “whether or not PatternNote is equal to or higher than the highest accompaniment pitch determined in step SB3” (= the lowest pitch of the melody), the third note in the section ST3 is “the accompaniment determined by PatternNote in step SB3”. Since it is equal to or higher than the highest pitch, the note event of the third sound is deleted (not registered in the accompaniment sound list DataList), and the gate time (sound length) of the note event is added to the second sound. In this way, accompaniment sound information as shown in FIG. 5B is output. In the sections ST1, ST2 and ST4, since the pitch of the PatternNote does not exceed the maximum accompaniment pitch, the PatternNote is recorded and output as it is in the accompaniment sound list DataList.

  When the criterion is “whether or not PatternNote is 3 semitones or more lower than the accompaniment highest pitch (= melody lowest pitch) determined in step SB3”, the second and third sounds in the interval ST3 Since the eye is “PatternNote is less than 3 semitones from the highest accompaniment pitch determined in step SB3 (= melody lowest pitch)”, the note events of the second and third notes are deleted (accompaniment list) The gate time (sound length) of the note event is added to the first sound. In this way, accompaniment sound information as shown in FIG. 5C is output. In the sections ST1, ST2 and ST4, since the pitch of the PatternNote does not exceed the maximum accompaniment pitch, the PatternNote is recorded and output as it is in the accompaniment sound list DataList.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the accompaniment information is generated so that it does not overlap the lowest sound of the melody part after editing the accompaniment pattern data based on the chord sequence. However, the melody part and the range do not overlap. Therefore, the user can perform an actual performance with both hands by referring to the musical score including the accompaniment information and the melody part displayed on the display device or the like.

  In addition, since the accompaniment information is generated for each target section, in the generation of the accompaniment information, it is only necessary to delete the sound that overlaps the melody part and the range.

  In the above-described embodiment, the overlap between the accompaniment part and the melody part is checked for each chord section. However, for example, in the case of a chord section extending over several bars, the check may be further divided into measures.

  The accompaniment pattern data may correspond only to the data for the left hand part, or may include a plurality of parts, and a part of them may be designated and used.

  Furthermore, for accompaniment sounds that are determined not to be output by checking for overlap with the melody sound in the target section, the accompaniment sound length that was output immediately before the accompaniment sound in the same section is not output in the embodiment. Although it is added to the length, once it is output, the accompaniment sound may be deleted and the sound length of the previous accompaniment sound may be corrected.

  If it is determined that the first accompaniment sound in a section overlaps the melody sound, for example, the accompaniment sound octave is lowered until the section does not output the accompaniment sound or the pitch does not overlap the melody sound. It is possible to take measures such as

  As described above, the chord sequence used for section determination and accompaniment pattern data development may be included in the song data in advance, or may be input / edited by the user before the accompaniment data is generated. Good. Or you may use the chord information automatically detected from the note information of music data.

  In addition, the melody sound within a section is not only the note information (note event) that is completely contained within the section, but also the note information that starts before the section and is in the key-on state within the section, and begins and ends within the section. Note information that is in the key-off state in any section of is also included.

  In the embodiment, it is assumed that one type of accompaniment pattern data is continuously used. However, the accompaniment pattern data may be changed to other types of accompaniment pattern data in a song. Also, the section type of the accompaniment pattern data may change during the song.

  Note that this embodiment may be implemented by a general-purpose computer or the like in which a computer program or the like corresponding to this embodiment is installed.

  In that case, the computer program or the like corresponding to the present embodiment may be provided to the user while being stored in a storage medium that can be read by the computer, such as a CD-ROM or a floppy disk.

  Although the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, improvements, combinations, and the like can be made.

It is a block diagram which shows the hardware constitutions of the electronic musical instrument which comprises the automatic accompaniment production | generation apparatus 1 by the Example of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the format of the music data MD by a present Example. It is a flowchart showing the automatic accompaniment production | generation process by the Example of this invention. It is a flowchart showing the accompaniment information generation process performed by step SA4 of FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the accompaniment sound production | generation process of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Automatic accompaniment production | generation apparatus, 2 ... Bus, 3 ... RAM, 4 ... ROM, 5 ... CPU, 6 ... Timer, 7 ... External storage device, 8 ... Detection circuit, 9 ... Operator, 10 ... Display circuit, 11 ... Display, 12 ... Sound source circuit, 13 ... Effect circuit, 14 ... Sound system, 17 ... Communication I / F, 19 ... Communication network, 20 ... External device

Claims (4)

Reading means for reading out song data and accompaniment pattern data;
Dividing means for dividing the song data into a plurality of target sections;
Detecting means for detecting a minimum melody pitch for each target section from the song data;
For each of the target section, a determining means based on said melody minimum pitch, determines the accompaniment highest pitch,
Generating means for generating accompaniment information from the accompaniment pattern data;
Output means for outputting the accompaniment information;
An automatic accompaniment generating apparatus comprising: control means for controlling the output means so that the accompaniment information is not output when the pitch of the accompaniment information is equal to or higher than the maximum accompaniment pitch. Said dividing means, based on the code information acquired from the music data, the automatic accompaniment generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein dividing the music data to a plurality of target section. Wherein when more than the accompaniment highest pitch, further the tone length accompaniment information output immediately before, according to claim 1 or 2, wherein adding the tone length control and accompaniment information so as not to output Automatic accompaniment generator. A reading procedure for reading music data and accompaniment pattern data from the storage means,
A division procedure for dividing the song data into a plurality of target sections;
A detection procedure for detecting a minimum melody pitch for each target section from the song data;
A determination procedure for determining the highest accompaniment pitch based on the lowest melody pitch for each target section ;
A generation procedure for generating accompaniment information from the accompaniment pattern data with reference to the chord information included in the song data;
An output procedure for outputting the accompaniment information from an output means ;
An automatic accompaniment generating program for causing a computer to execute a control procedure for controlling the output means so that the accompaniment information is not output when the pitch of the accompaniment information is equal to or higher than the maximum accompaniment pitch.