JP2001235125A - Induction heating type equipment for volume reduction treatment of macromolecular-series wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide induction heating type equipment for volume reduction treatment which makes it possible to obtain a dry-distillation product not containing a chlorine content, by solving the problems of usual volume reduction treatment of dry distillation of macromolecular-series wastes in an oxygen-free state that it is difficult to reuse the oil produced in cooling a hydrogen chloride gas produced in thermal decomposition of chlorine-series macromolecules in a cooling tower, and condensed and washed by an alkaline agent to be removed, since a hydrogen chloride mixes in the produced oil, and that the rate of volume reduction is lowered when a hydrogen chloride removing agent is mixed in the wastes to be subjected to dry distillation. SOLUTION: After the macromolecular-series wastes are subjected to dechlorination at a temperature of 150-300 deg.C, the wastes are subjected further to carbonization by dry distillation at a temperature of 500-600 deg.C. Thereby the chlorine in the dry-distillation product can be reduced, while the rate of volume reduction is ensured.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for reducing the volume of polymer waste that is currently landfilled from the viewpoint of extending the life of the landfill. The present invention relates to an induction heating type carbonization apparatus capable of obtaining a carbonization product containing no harmful chlorine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Polymer-based waste (plastics and rubbers) discharged from households and factories has a high calorific value and, when incinerated, increases the temperature inside the incinerator and damages the furnace wall. In general, the furnace is landfilled for reasons such as shortening the life of the furnace and burning highly toxic polymer-containing waste to produce highly toxic dioxins.
However, this method of landfilling reduces the volume of polymer waste because the bulk density of the polymer waste is low, the volume does not change after landfill, and there is a shortage of landfill sites. There is a demand for the development of waste treatment and recycling technologies.

[0003] To solve this problem, the polymer waste is pyrolyzed (distilled) in an oxygen-free state, so that the polymer waste can be reduced to about 1/10 to 1/10 without generating dioxins.
Devices for reducing the volume and carbonizing to 20 have been developed, and techniques have been developed such as using these polymer-based wastes as raw materials for blast furnaces, or sorting them by material and then recycling the material. However, this material recycling is not widely applied due to problems such as treatment costs and contamination of unsuitable materials, and most polymer wastes are landfilled in landfills as they are or after volume reduction. That is the reality.

[0004]

However, according to the method of dry-distilling polymer waste in an oxygen-free state, the volume of the waste becomes small, so that the life of the landfill site can be extended, but the following problems are solved. There are issues to be addressed. In volume reduction treatment such as thermal decomposition, hydrogen chloride gas is generated when chlorine-based polymers such as vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride contained in waste are thermally decomposed, and this hydrogen chloride gas is generated by cooling towers etc. After condensing the oil, it is removed by washing with an alkaline agent or the like. However, this method can remove hydrogen chloride gas released to the atmosphere, but hydrogen chloride is mixed in oil produced by dry distillation, and this oil is included in oil when it is reused as fuel oil etc. There has been a problem that dioxins may be generated by hydrogen chloride, and reuse is limited.

[0005] In order to prevent hydrogen chloride from being mixed into the produced oil, a method has been practiced in which plastics, which are wastes to be distilled, are mixed or sprayed with calcium carbonate as a hydrogen chloride remover in advance. But
In this method, calcium chloride and the like generated by reacting with hydrogen chloride are discharged together with the carbides, so that there has been a problem that the volume reduction rate is deteriorated.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and has as its object to remove hydrogen chloride gas generated when carbonized high-molecular waste is produced without being mixed into a dry-distilled product such as oil. Another object of the present invention is to provide an induction heating type volume reduction processing apparatus which does not lower the volume reduction rate.

[0007]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, an induction heating type volume reduction treatment apparatus for polymer waste discharged as general waste or industrial waste according to the present invention comprises An induction heating section comprising an induction heating coil and a screw-type feeder for dechlorinating polymer waste, and induction heating for dry distillation and carbonizing the dechlorinated polymer waste at a temperature higher than the dechlorination temperature. The coil and the subsequent induction heating section composed of the carbonization kiln are connected in series while shutting off hydrogen chloride gas with molten polymer waste.

At this time, the temperature of the induction heating section in the former stage for the dechlorination treatment is 150 to 300 ° C., and the temperature of the induction heating section in the latter stage for performing dry distillation carbonization is 500 to 60 ° C.
It shall be 0 ° C. Also, after the induction heating section at the former stage for the dechlorination treatment, a pipe for extracting the generated hydrogen chloride gas is connected, and this pipe is connected to the chemical cleaning tower for the hydrogen chloride gas treatment. I do.

Further, after the induction heating section at a later stage for performing dry distillation carbonization, a carbide storage tank, a cooling tower for condensing oil generated by dry distillation carbonization, and a non-condensable hydrocarbon gas generated simultaneously. And a gas combustion tower for burning species.

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The induction heating type volume reduction treatment apparatus of the present invention including all the apparatuses described in the above means is a screw type for pushing polymer waste put in a hopper into an induction heating coil. A pre-stage induction heating section comprising a feeder and an induction heating coil for heating to a temperature of 150 to 300 ° C;
It consists of a gas washing tower for extracting hydrogen chloride gas generated after the previous induction heating section, an induction heating coil for carbonizing and decarbonizing dechlorinated polymer waste at a temperature of 500 to 600 ° C, and a carbonization kiln. Induction heating section at the later stage, carbide storage tank that separates and stores carbide discharged from carbonization kiln from gas, cooling tower for condensing oil generated by carbonization, and non-condensable carbonization generated by carbonization And a gas combustion tower for burning hydrogen gas.

The heated screw feeder for dechlorination and the carbonization kiln for carbonizing the dechlorinated polymer waste are a polymer waste in a molten and dechlorinated state. Since the screw is pushed into the carbonization kiln, the hydrogen chloride gas generated by the heating in the preceding stage is guided to the exhaust gas treatment device without entering the carbonization kiln.

As described above, the polymer waste once heated and dechlorinated at a temperature of 150 to 300 ° C. is dry-distilled and carbonized at a higher temperature of 500 to 600 ° C.
The volume of polymer waste can be reduced to 1/10 to 1/20 and dioxins that are harmful even if they are incinerated, because carbonization and condensed oil as dry distillation products do not contain chlorine. Does not occur, and the volume can be further reduced. In addition, since dechlorination is performed at a relatively low temperature of 150 to 300 ° C. and in an oxygen-free state, there is an advantage that dioxins are not generated and hydrochloric acid can be recovered if water is used as a chemical in the exhaust gas treatment tower. [Embodiment] An embodiment of a polymer waste volume reducing apparatus according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining one configuration example of a polymer-based waste volume reducing apparatus according to the present invention. In this figure, polymer waste to be subjected to volume reduction processing is put into a hopper 1. The hopper 1 is provided with screw feeders 2 and 3.
The polymer waste that is heated to about 300 ° C. and injected is heated and melted while being compressed, and sent to the next step. At this time, hydrogen chloride is generated from a chlorine-containing polymer such as vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride contained in the molten polymer waste by a dechlorination reaction. The hydrogen chloride gas desorbed by the screw feeder 2 is sent to a gas washing tower 6 through a pipe 5, where it is detoxified and released to the atmosphere. Then, the dechlorinated polymer waste is sent to the carbonization kiln 9 while being melted by the screw feeder 3 at the next stage, so that the hydrogen chloride gas generated in the step of the screw feeder 2 cannot enter the carbonization kiln 9. Absent.

The carbonization kiln 9 is rotated at a constant speed by the kiln rotating motor 7 while being heated to 500 to 600 ° C. by the induction heating coil b8. Transported to
The polymer waste introduced into the carbonization kiln 9 is thermally decomposed in an oxygen-free state in the carbonization kiln 9 and carbonized and reduced in volume. At this time, the generated gas is cooled by a gas cooling tower 12 connected through a pipe 11, and oil, water, and the like condensed by the cooling accumulate in a lower portion of the gas cooling tower 12. Since dry distillation is performed without chlorine and in an oxygen-free state, dioxins are not contained in the dry distillation product gas. The lower hydrocarbons that have not been condensed by this cooling are further separated into gas combustion towers 14 connected via a pipe 13.
By incineration. Since carbonization, oil and gas, which are the products of carbonization, do not contain chlorine, even if they are incinerated, no dioxins are generated. Therefore, there is an advantage that these dry distillation products can be incinerated and thermally recycled. [Comparative Example] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining an example of the configuration of a conventional polymer waste volume reduction apparatus. The conventional apparatus is used to reduce the volume of polymer waste. Table 1 shows an example of the result of the above. In FIG. 2, members common to FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, but the difference from FIG.
The point is that it is not dechlorinated before carbonization at -600 ° C., and therefore, the gas washing tower is also installed after the gas cooling tower.

[0015]

[Table 1] As is evident from the results in Table 1, in a conventional polymer waste treatment in a volume reduction treatment device, chlorine was contained in a product that was carbonized without dechlorination (chlorine concentration in carbide:
62 g / kg), when this product is incinerated,
Dioxins may be contained in the combustion exhaust gas.

According to the graph of FIG. 3 showing the relationship between the heating temperature of various plastics and the weight loss, the vinyl chloride resin, which is a plastic containing chlorine, starts to lose weight at 150 ° C. and once at about 300 ° C. The decline has stopped. This initial weight loss indicates that dechlorination has occurred. The weight loss of the vinyl chloride resin, which starts again at around 350 ° C., indicates thermal decomposition, indicating that the vinyl chloride resin is decomposed into lower-molecular hydrocarbons. However, except for other plastics such as urea resin and polyurethane, most chlorine-free plastics begin to lose weight at about 300 ° C. due to thermal decomposition. Therefore, it can be seen from this figure that when the polymer-based waste is heated at a temperature of 150 to 300 ° C., the plastic is softened but the thermal decomposition does not occur but only the dechlorination occurs.

Therefore, an induction heating type volume reduction treatment apparatus which has been conventionally simply carbonized at 500 to 600 ° C. is replaced with an induction heating type volume reduction treatment apparatus as shown in FIG. Before carbonizing at 600 ° C, 150 ~ 30
Removes hydrogen chloride gas generated by dechlorination at 0 ° C,
After that, if carbonization is performed at 500 to 600 ° C., chlorine is not contained in the carbonized product or the condensed oil as the product.

[0018]

As described above, the induction heating type volume reduction treatment apparatus for polymer waste of the present invention secures the same volume reduction rate as the conventional induction heating type volume reduction processing apparatus. In addition, since the carbonized product does not contain chlorine, harmful dioxins are not generated even if these carbonized products are incinerated, so that they can be reused as fuel, and the amount of landfill disposal can be reduced to almost zero. Further, hydrogen chloride recovered by the dechlorination treatment contains almost no impurities, and can be reused as hydrochloric acid such as a neutralizing agent.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view for explaining an example of the configuration of an apparatus for induction-heating volume reduction of polymer waste according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining one configuration example of a conventional polymer heating waste induction heating type volume reduction treatment apparatus.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the heating temperature and weight loss of various plastics.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1: hopper 2: screw feeder 3: screw feeder 4: induction heating coil a 5: piping 6: gas washing tower 7: kiln rotating motor 8: induction heating coil b 9: dry distillation kiln 10: carbide storage tank 11: piping 12: Gas cooling tower 13: Piping 14: Gas combustion tower

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) F23G 5/02 ZAB B09B 3/00 ZAB 5/14 ZAB 303G (72) Inventor Shizuo Hayashi Kawasaki Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture 1-1, Tanabe-Shinden-ku, Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. F-term (reference) BA06 BB03 CA22 CA24 CA25 CA26 CA27 CA29 CB09 CB33 DA03 DA06 4F301 AA03 AA11 AA21 CA09 CA25 CA26 CA36 CA46 CA52 CA68 CA72

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. An induction heating type volume reduction treatment apparatus for polymer waste discharged as general waste or industrial waste, wherein an induction heating coil and a screw type feeder for dechlorinating the polymer waste. A series induction heating section comprising a pre-stage induction heating section, an induction heating coil configured to dry-carbonize the dechlorinated polymer waste at a temperature higher than the dechlorination temperature, and a post-stage induction heating section including a carbonization kiln. An induction heating type volume reduction treatment device for polymer waste, characterized in that: 2. The volume reduction processing device according to claim 1,
The induction heating section at the preceding stage for the dechlorination treatment is 150 to 3
An apparatus for reducing volume of polymer-based waste, wherein the temperature is 00 ° C., and the temperature of a subsequent induction heating section for performing the carbonization is 500 to 600 ° C. 3. A volume reduction treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a pipe for extracting generated hydrogen chloride gas is connected after an induction heating section at a former stage for the dechlorination treatment, The pipe is connected to a chemical cleaning tower for treating hydrogen chloride gas. 4. A volume reduction treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a carbide storage tank and an oil generated by the dry distillation carbonization are condensed after a subsequent induction heating section for performing the dry distillation carbonization. And a cooling tower for burning a non-condensable hydrocarbon gas generated at the same time. 5. The volume reduction treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pipe and the chemical liquid washing tower according to claim 3 are provided.
5. The apparatus for reducing volume of polymer-based waste according to claim 4, wherein the carbide storage tank, the cooling tower, and the gas combustion tower are connected together.