JP2001232336A - Recycling of used tire - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technique of recycling discarded tires as an important technique for preserving the global environment. SOLUTION: When discarded tires are properly processed at the present time, 15,000 to 25,000 yen is needed per ton of tires. Provided that the crushed material of rubber capable of being regenerated is produced below this cost, the discarded tires are regenerated. Since rubber is easily crushed like glass when cooled to -50 deg.C, discarded tires are sent to the South Pole by a coal ship, etc., crushed and then returned. In this case, the discarded tires are crushed at 15,000 to 20,000 yen per ton. Consequently, since rubber is crushed at such a low cost by the cooling method, the discarded tires are used as the building material, civil work material, etc., which have been developed by the inventor, and much demand is expected to expand as mentioned in Claim 2.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Due to the widespread use of automobiles, a great deal of tires are discarded. The present invention is a technique relating to recycling of the waste tire. This is an important technology for preserving the global environment.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art At present, if waste tires and the like are taken to a stable treatment plant, the average fare per ton is about 10,000 yen, and a processing cost of 5,000 yen is collected. . In addition, there is a treatment plant that will not receive if it is not crushed. If it is crushed even if it is rough, it costs about 10,000 yen. These are the causes of illegal dumping due to open storage. On average about 1 even in decent case
Since it costs 5,000 to 20,000 yen / ton, the value on this side must be a standard of the tire grinding cost of the present invention. Conventionally, the size of a tire rubber portion has been gradually reduced from a rough crack and finely divided through several steps. Naturally, the power cost is high and the crushing cost is high. As a result, while the demand decreased, it was only used for high-grade activated carbon that cost only a few hundred thousand yen.

[0003] The low production volume causes high costs, and the biggest drawback of the pulverization method in a factory is that the fare of the product varies depending on the distance from the factory to the place of demand. As mentioned above, crushing on a ship has the advantage that it can be brought anywhere in Japan at a price that does not change much by transporting it to the port nearest the place of demand.

[0004]

As described in claim 2, there is a great demand for the rubber of the pulverized tire if the price is low. Therefore, in the present invention,
First, it seeks to solve concrete crushing methods that lower prices, and second, concrete construction methods that increase demand.

[0005] The definition of rubber is not clear, but in general,
It refers to all materials having a small elastic modulus and a large elongation at break. However, this is what makes rubber crushing difficult. However, it is known that the elastic modulus of an amorphous polymer rapidly decreases near the glass transition temperature. The state below this glass transition is called the glass state,
Crushing becomes easier.

[0006] The temperature at which a phase transition from an amorphous solid (rubber) to a supercooled liquid state (glassy bear) often occurs at a temperature close to 2/3 of the melting point expressed in absolute temperature (Nikkan Kogyo) (See page 294 of the Science and Engineering Dictionary published by a newspaper company.) As described in claim 1, assuming that the melting point of rubber is 70 ° C.,
(70 + 273) 2/3 ≒ 229,229-273 =-
44 ° C. are obtained. Therefore, when the temperature is reduced to around -50 ° C., the rubber material is in a solid state and can be easily crushed.

[0007] As a cooling method, there is a method using a normal refrigerator. In a general refrigerator, the obtained temperature is at most,
It is about −20 ° C., and the target of the present invention of −50 ° C. can only be obtained by using liquid nitrogen or the like. This is the cause of high grinding costs.

[0008] On the earth, cold regions over -40 ° C
There are no high places such as the top of the Himalayas, or near the North and South Pole. The present inventor has reported that coal from Australia, which is 8,000 km away, to a Japanese thermal power plant is 3,700 per ton.
Knowing that they brought them around the circle, the transportation cost occupied by them was probably around 1,000 to 2,000 yen per ton, and the South Pole, which was 12,000 to 13,000 km away, Since it is about 1.6 times that of Australia, if the fare is proportional to the distance, it is about 3,0 per ton.
The value of ¥ 00 is the basis of the idea of the present invention.

[0009] It takes about 14 days to operate 12,000 km at a speed of 35 km / h. About 30 round trips
As described above, the date for the 30th day is 3.000 yen. A coal carrier was partially remodeled, a crusher was installed, and 1,000 m
If the magnitude of the tire ² of the hold came equipped approximately 6,000, as to crush about 200 tires per day, to crush the whole amount, it is necessary approximately 30 days. 30 days is approximately the number of round trip days. If the weight per tire rubber material is 60 kg, 6,000 rubber materials = 360 tons of rubber material will be crushed in about 30 days. Since the sailing seafarer and the crushing worker are the same person, the crushing cost can be considered to be proportional to the number of days as well as the fare. However, when 1,000 tons of coal are tires, the shape is a donut type, so there is a lot of space and the load becomes 360 tons.
3,000 x (1,000 / 360) = 8,400 yen, and the round-trip fare is also 3,000 yen, so it is 8,400 yen.

A total of 16,800 yen of the above both costs departure from a Japanese port, crushing rubber in Antarctica, and returning to the Japanese port again per ton of rubbery part of the tire. It is the price you have imposed. Earlier, I brought it to the final treatment plant and stated that it was 15,000 to 20,000 yen per ton, but if the rubber crushed by port is available at a slightly equal value, It can be said that this is a very welcome construction method. In order to further reduce the cost, if 125 to 130% of tires are loaded on the outbound route of the transport ship, the return can be safely returned to the port because crushing reduces the bulk. Thanks to this increase in payload,
6,800 yen is a calculation that can be reduced to about 13,000 yen.

The above amounts are merely examples, and are intended to explain how much the crushing cost of rubber according to the present invention will be. Therefore, they should be considered as a certain index. Would.

The product name "Thomas fireproof board" described in claim 2 is a general term for products related to many building materials, and it can be said that all the building materials of the present inventor belong to this. Thomas refractory boards have two types of boards that use cement-based and resin-based adhesives.To use this ground rubber, cement-based, mainly as aggregate, and resin-based , Mainly as a binder. The inventor also has many patents relating to the production of pellets, as well as boards. The crushed rubber and the like of the present invention become these additional substances as in the case of the board. Regardless of the board or pellet, the fibers woven in the tire are shredded and mixed with crushed rubber, which will increase the bending strength. You can also return to the port.

Dried waste paper or household waste (A) or (E) 70-35 parts by weight Alumina cement (B) 30 which is an example of a fire-resistant board obtained by adding the present ground rubber to the original formulation of a cement-based fire-resistant board. １５15 parts by weight Finely ground silica sand (D) 0 to 15 parts by weight Main crushed rubber (F) 35 to 15 parts by weight The crushed rubber (F) contains 0 to 5 parts by weight of fibers contained in a tire. .

[0014] In the original composition of the resin-based fire-resistant board,
It is a compounding example of the flame-retardant board which compounded this ground rubber as a binder. Mainly used paper (household garbage) (A) 55 to 55 parts by weight PVC waste (B) 35 to 0 parts by weight Main crushed rubber (C) 0 to 35 parts by weight Flame retardant (D) 30 to 30 parts by weight Main crushed rubber (C) contains 0 to 5 parts by weight of shredded fibers. The compositions in the proportions of A, B, C and D are kneaded by heating and molded under pressure. Thermal deformation temperature of vinyl is 70-80 ° C
And the compression molding temperature is 140 to 180 ° C. or,
The decomposition starting temperature is 160-170 ° C. Since the melting point of rubber is about 70 ° C and the ignition temperature is about 150 ° C,
The optimal temperature will be 160 ° C or less when vinyl is present and 120-130 ° C for crushed rubber. Alumina cement is usually used for the flame retardant (D).

By applying the temperature rise of the sterilization treatment method for medical waste, an additional matter arises with respect to the “cement composition for surface layer” developed by the present inventors. The claims for the surface layer are as follows. Local soil 100 parts by weight Fujibeton FK 5 to 25 parts by weight Synthetic resin emulsion (based on the total of the above two types) 5 to 15 parts by weight Water (the amount of the total of the two types is the optimum water content)? The above mixture is mixed and spread to a required thickness, and the roll is pressed to obtain a surface layer.

Although the above-mentioned surface layer has a proven track record, it is certain that it will be practical. However, depending on the type of the local soil, it is too hard, which affects the riding comfort of cars and the walking comfort of pedestrians. In some cases, I was not satisfied. The method for sterilizing medical waste is to maintain a temperature of 121 ° C. or more for 20 minutes or more. This temperature will be suitable for the melting temperature of the crushed rubber shown in paragraph 0014. Patent Publication No .: According to Example 1 of JP-A-5-76585, the composition and test results as shown in the following table are described.

Example 1 of JP-A-5-76585

Instead of the medical waste (C) shown in the above table, this crushed rubber is mixed with (A) by 2 parts by volume with respect to (A).
(B) When the liquid is poured, heat is generated immediately and the rubber is softened. If the softened rubber is forcibly stirred together with (A) and (B) in a mixer surrounded by heat insulating material to avoid heat dissipation,
190 ℃ immediately drops to around 120 ℃,
The softened rubber comes to cover the surface of the particles of (A) and (B). If this is spread quickly on the roadbed and rolled in the required thickness, the flame-retardant rubber surface layer is completed. Until the rubber is rolled, it is necessary to keep the rubber at 70 to 80 ° C, so it is recommended to use a hot roller.

In place of the medical waste shown in the table of paragraph No. 0017, two volumes of the crushed rubber were mixed, and the uniaxial compressive strength of the hot rolled sample after cooling was 287 kg / cm.
cm ² , and the flexural strength was 61 kg / cm ² .
Moreover, it had moderate flexibility and could be said to be the best as a surface layer. Since the material is mainly rubber of a tire, it is considered that the tire shows a satisfactory value with respect to wear. As a matter of course, instead of the B composition in the same table, 1 part by volume of finely ground silica sand is mixed, and then the present mixed composition is heated by the conventional equipment for asphalt pavement to obtain the conventional mixed composition. If the surface work is carried out by the construction method, a flame-resistant rubber surface layer can be obtained.

The point to be noted here is that quicklime must be handled with care because it belongs to dangerous substances. As an alternative, it is safe to use light-burned dolomite. Dolomite is CaMg (CO ₃ ) ₂
Is represented by the following molecular formula. In many cases, dolomite is pure and rarely mixed with limestone because it forms a formation with limestone. Therefore, although lightly-burned dolomite depends on the magnesium content, there is no practical inconvenience even if it is considered as quicklime which is not a dangerous substance.

1 kg of quicklime (CaO) is 0.32 k
g of water is chemically dehydrated to slaked lime (Ca (OH) ₂ ). At this time, 15.6 Kcal is generated per mole. Since this is the above-mentioned heat source, the required temperature may not be reached if the mixer is cold or radiates heat during agitation, so at the beginning of the work, preheat the equipment or use hot water, etc. Supplement the release of
Preventive measures may need to be taken. The amount of water injected is, theoretically, 0.32 kg as described above. However, in actuality, water evaporates as the temperature rises, so about 0.6 to 1.0 kg per 1 kg of quicklime. Need water. At this time, care must be taken not to seal the container to prevent explosion.

[0022]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The crushing equipment installed in the hold is not different from general crushing equipment. Since the hold has sufficient height in terms of depth, it is necessary to adopt a method of dropping to prevent the crushing equipment from reducing the cargo volume and saving power. Numeral 12 in FIG. 2 denotes a storage bin for fibers such as nylon. 1 of crushed fiber
This is a device for reducing the volume through one packing device. Steel wires separated by magnets also require devices to reduce volume.

The manufacturing process of the resin-based refractory board described in paragraph [0014] will be described. Reference numeral 1 in FIG. 2 is a crusher for household waste, and the crushed waste is stored in two bins. Reference numeral 3 denotes a bottle of the crushed rubber (including shredded fibers), and reference numeral 4 denotes a bottle of a flameproofing agent. These are quantified, collected in 11, stirred and sent to 12 kneader cylinders. The cylinder has a heating device inside, and heats it to the required temperature while kneading. The crushed rubber softens, covers the dust and flame retardant particles with rubber, and is extruded from a kneader onto a 13 belt conveyor as a cut plate of appropriate dimensions. This is a resin-based fire-resistant board. The only difference of the cement-based refractory board is that, when mixing with the above-mentioned eleventh mixer, appropriate water is mixed, and there is no need for heating when kneading with the twelve. During the curing period, the resin system is until the temperature drops, and the cement system needs about one month to reach its true strength.

[0024]

The greatest concern of each municipality is that the final landfill site is about to become full. It is almost impossible to set up a new disposal site due to the opposition of the residents. In such a situation, a bulky tire or the like has a strong tendency to dislike receiving it, and it is inevitable that illegal dumping is unavoidable. We believe this crisis must be overcome by the present invention.

[Brief description of the drawings]

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the crushing equipment in the hold

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of manufacturing a resin-based fireproof board.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 old tire storage 2 chute 3 primary crusher 4 sieve 5 magnet conveyor 6 chute 7 under sieve 8 secondary crusher 9 crushed rubber bottle 10 same as above bagging machine 11 fiber shredding and filling machine 12 same as above 13 bottle as above Bagging machine 14 Wire dropping 15 Same as above Compressor 16 Same as above Carry-out lump a Household trash crusher b Same as above Bin c Crushed rubber bin d Flame retardant bottle e Crushed rubber bin f Belt conveyor g Screw conveyor h Same as above i Mixed storage bin j Fixed-quantity screw conveyor k Mixing storage bin l Heat-kneading pressure extruder m Conveyor for carrying out products

Claims (2)

[Claims] [Claim 1] Although some inventions have already been made in a method of recycling used tires, illegal dumping of used tires continues. This is because the balance between the demand for products manufactured according to the invention and the amount of waste generated does not match. In extreme cases, the effect of the invention is equal to nothing. In order to prevent the deformation of the tire while the vehicle is running or stopped, the tires were initially made of a cotton weave, but recently nylon, polyethylene and steel wires have been used. In order to pulverize a tire, it is necessary to separate the rubber material from the rubber material. The inventor has designated these as
For separation, a temperature at which a phase transition from an amorphous solid to a supercooled liquid state occurs (a melting point expressed in absolute temperature or a temperature close to (2/3) of the liquidus temperature), that is, a temperature below the glass transition temperature is obtained. I knew that if it was crushed, it could be easily crushed and separated. The melting point of the rubber of the tire is not constant depending on the type and the manufacturer, but if it is 70 ° C on average, its glass transition temperature is about -44 ° C. Therefore-
If the tire is cooled to the target of 50 ° C, it can be easily crushed and separated, and if it is sieved, metals such as nylon fibers and steel wires will remain on the sieve, and the crushed tire rubber Falls under the sieve. Nylon fibers can be chopped, mixed with crushed rubber, and mixed as a material for building materials described later. (Refer to Fig. 1.) In many cases, the cooling method is cooling with a refrigerator. However, the volume of a freezer for crushing a large amount of tires becomes large, and a general refrigerator is usually up to -20 ° C. If it is less than that, equipment funds will be increased, such as using liquid nitrogen. At present, there is no crusher that directly and efficiently crushes rubber at room temperature, so it is necessary to divide the rubber into several stages and apply it to the crusher patiently, and the required power becomes enormous. As a result, the operation cost for crushing becomes expensive, and in terms of the use of the expensive rubber, it is limited to expensive products, and the range of demand is limited. The inventor of the present invention uses a temperature in an extremely cold region as a method of crushing tires at low cost, and lists price values as a method of explanation.However, if price fluctuations and the like are considered, these are a kind of method. It should be considered as an index. 1) Crush in an atmosphere where the temperature of the natural environment is −50 ° C. or less. 2) The current price of coal imported from Australia, which is about 8,000 km or more from Japan, is about 3,700 tons of coal (as of 1999) carried on a 1,000 ton coal ship. Yen / ton. From this, it can be considered that the fare included in this is about 1,000 to 2,000 yen / ton. 3) For example, the distance from Japan to Antarctica is 12,000-
It is about 13,000km, so 8,000 to Australia
It is about 1.6 times km. Therefore, the fare to Antarctica can be calculated at about 3,000 yen. This amount corresponds to the freezer construction cost, freezing cost and crushing cost. 4) 12,000 km requires about 2 weeks at an average speed of about 35 km. 5) The carrier uses a coal carrier, and in one corner of the hold,
If a crushing machine is installed and placed, the berth will be anchored on a suitable sea below -50 ° C and the tires carried by itself will be crushed in this atmosphere. 6) It is a day about 200 pieces of capable of disrupting the tire equipment, if the hold of 1,000m ⁸ large and small tire is about 6,000 housing can, of about 4 weeks crushing operation It will take days. Since this is about twice as long as a one-way voyage of two weeks, the crushing cost is roughly
It is considered to be about 3,000 yen, the same as the transportation cost. (The crushing work shall be performed by seafarers.) 7) The average weight of rubbery material per tire is approximately 60k.
Assuming g, 6,000 bottles would be 360 tons and 1,000 tons of coal divided by 360 = 2.8. 8) Since a ship carrying 1,000 tons of coal carries 360 tons, the fare per ton of tire rubber is 3,000 ×
2.8 = 8,400 yen, which is equivalent to the processing cost per ton of tire rubber. 9) Eventually, the cost of transporting to Antarctica and grinding the tires is
From a port in Japan until returning to the port, the cost of coal was about 3,700 × 1.6-6.000 yen / ton. The cost is 8 times, the cost of going to Antarctica, crushing and returning to the Japanese port again is about (3,000 + 3,000) × 2.
8 = 16,800 yen. What is claimed in claim 1 is that an article is transported to, for example, a frigid South Pole, frozen using the temperature of the frigid area, and the frozen article is processed in the frigid area. And a freezing method that can be processed at low cost. 2. Grinding a tire and reusing the entire amount of the tire is an important matter in recycling waste products. Recycling methods include the following. 1) Manufacture of high-grade activated carbon (it has existed conventionally, but if the production cost of fine-grained rubber is reduced, its use will be expanded) 2) Use as fuel (injected into a kiln as tires and burned There was a factory, but if it could be pulverized at low cost, the demand for fuel would likely increase.) 3) The trade name “Thomas fireproof board” developed by the present inventors
(Cement-based artificial wood composition-Patent No. 26
No. 11500, composition for flame-retardant board-Patent No. 265
9521, and a composition for flame-retardant artificial wood using waste paper as a raw material-used for a part or all of aggregates such as Patent No. 2647632). It can be broadly classified into a board made of a cement-based solidifying agent and a board made of a resin-based binder. The pulverized rubber can be used as an aggregate of a building material and also as a binder when the price becomes low. Rubber is lighter than other general aggregates and has poor thermal conductivity and poor sound transmission, so it is possible to manufacture special boards such as sound-absorbing boards, shock-absorbing materials, and heat-insulating boards. Many applications await, such as partitioning of houses, sound insulation boards on highways, and the like. 4) Utilization of the present inventor's patent “Cementitious composition for pavement surface layer” Patent No. 2531897 as a surface pavement material for roads, or “Method and apparatus for sterilizing medical waste”
This is a construction method in which a rubber material is dissolved by applying a heat source such as Japanese Patent No. 2659462 and used for abrasion-resistant surface pavement. Of the above, 1) and 2) do not require special mention because they are existing technologies, but 3) and 4) add the crushed rubber as an aggregate to the patents already submitted. Alternatively, a method as a heat source for softening and kneading a new binder agent and a binder is defined as claim 2.