JP2001214528A - Building unit, unit building and wall panel - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To form a wide and high ceiling space out of such building units that a portion of the upper side of one wall panel is slanted. SOLUTION: The building unit 10 comprises the wall panels 12 to 14 connected to the outer edges of a floor panel 11 except at least one outer edge. A portion 12D of the upper side of at least one of the wall panels 12 is slanted. A slanted roof member is mounted on the upper side and an opening 11C is provided in a floor face immediately therebelow. Alternatively, the slanted roof member is provided with a skylight and an opening 11C for an open ceiling is provided immediately therebelow. The wall panel has an opening provided below the slanted upper side member.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a building unit, a unit building and a wall panel.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as described in Japanese Patent No. 2625327, there is a framed building unit in which a part of a ceiling beam (upper side) constituting a wall surface is inclined.

In this prior art, when mounting an upper-floor building unit on a lower-floor building unit, a part of a ceiling beam forming a wall surface of the upper-floor building unit is inclined, so that the upper-floor building unit has Roofing materials with the same slope are mounted on the inclined ceiling beams.

[0004]

However, the prior art has the following problems. The building unit is framed and has a ceiling beam that goes around the entire circumference of the ceiling. Therefore, when two building units are juxtaposed, two ceiling beams must be arranged at the boundary between the ceilings of both building units. For this reason, even when the sloping roof mounted on the sloping ceiling beams of both building units forms an attic ceiling space on the horizontal ceiling beams of those building units, the above-mentioned two Ceiling beams can pass through, making it impossible to form a large high ceiling space unobstructed by ceiling beams.

[0005] According to one in which a part of a ceiling beam forming a wall surface of an upper-floor building unit constituting a unit building is inclined, and an inclined roof is mounted on the inclined ceiling beam of the upper-floor building unit, Although it can cope with the restriction of diagonal lines such as diagonal lines, the ceiling height is low just below the inclined roof surface, which impairs the livability.

In a construction in which a part of a ceiling beam forming a wall surface of a building unit is inclined and a sloped roof is mounted on the sloped ceiling beam of the building unit, the ceiling height immediately below the sloped roof surface is low. Impairs habitability.

If a part of a ceiling beam forming a wall surface of a building is inclined and an opening such as a window is provided at an arbitrary position on a wall surface below the inclined portion of the ceiling beam, a wall surface having a low height and a small area is required. Since a certain opening is formed in the wall panel, a certain structural strength cannot be secured to the wall panel, and it is difficult to secure the structural strength of the building.

An object of the present invention is to form a wide and high ceiling space by using a building unit in which a part of an upper side of a wall panel is inclined.

Another object of the present invention is to improve the livability in a portion having a low ceiling height directly below an inclined roof surface formed by an upper-floor building unit.

Another object of the present invention is to improve the livability of a unit building having an inclined roof surface.

Another object of the present invention is to secure the structural strength of the wall panel while inclining a part of the upper side thereof while providing an opening in the wall surface of the wall panel.

[0012]

According to the present invention, there is provided a building unit in which a wall panel is joined to another outer edge of a floor panel except for at least one outer edge.
At least one of the upper sides of the wall panel is inclined.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, an upper-floor building unit is mounted on a lower-floor building unit, and a part of an upper side forming a wall surface of the upper-floor building unit is inclined. In a unit building equipped with a roofing material that slopes at the same slope on the sloped upper side of the wall, a stair opening is provided on the floor immediately below the sloped roofing material mounted on the sloped upper side of the upper-floor building unit. A part is provided.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, an upper-floor building unit is mounted on a lower-floor building unit, and a part of an upper side forming a wall surface of the upper-floor building unit is inclined. In a unit building in which a roof material inclined at the same gradient is mounted on the inclined upper side of the wall surface, a roof window is provided on the inclined roof material mounted on the inclined upper side of the upper floor building unit, and the upper floor building unit is provided. And an opening for blow-off is provided on the floor immediately below the skylight.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in a unit building in which three or more building units are juxtaposed, each of the building units does not have a wall surface at a boundary portion adjacent to each other,
The building units on both outer sides have a wall surface at an outer edge portion of the outer edge portions located outside in the direction in which they are arranged, and a part of the upper side of the wall surface provided on both outer building units is inclined. And a roofing material that is inclined at the same inclination is mounted on the upper inclined side of the wall surface of the building unit.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wall panel comprising a lower frame, a vertical member and an upper member forming a wall frame.
The upper sapwood consists of a horizontal upper sapwood and a sloping upper sapwood, the lower wall width of the lower sloping material is 90 cm or more, and the wall width of the lower eaves side of the horizontal upper sapwood and the lower part of the sloping upper sapwood is 90 cm on the eaves side. An opening is provided across the wall except for the upper wall, and the structural surface material is stretched without providing an opening at least in the range of the wall width of 90 cm on the eaves side at the lower part of the inclined upper sap.

[0017]

According to the first aspect of the invention, there is the following operation (1). (1) The building unit is a wall type, and the wall panel is not joined at at least one outer edge of the floor panel. Therefore, when the two building units are juxtaposed, the outer edges of the two building units on which the wall panels are not provided are abutted against each other, so that there is no member that blocks the ceiling such as a wall panel at the boundary between the ceilings of the two building units. Things.
With this, when the sloping roof mounted on the sloping upper side of the wall panel of the building unit forms an attic ceiling space on the horizontal upper side of the building unit, the attic ceiling space at the boundary between the ceilings of both building units There is no member to block the ceiling, and a wide and high ceiling space can be formed.

According to the second aspect of the invention, there are the following operations (2) and (3). (2) According to one in which a part of the upper side forming the wall surface of the upper-floor building unit constituting the unit building is inclined, and a sloped roof is mounted on the inclined upper side of the upper-floor building unit, the northern oblique line, etc. Can meet the diagonal line restriction.

(3) By providing the stair opening on the floor immediately below the inclined roof surface of the upper-floor building unit, the low ceiling height does not matter and the livability can be improved.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, there are the following operations (4) and (5). (4) According to one in which a part of the upper side forming the wall surface of the upper-floor building unit constituting the unit building is inclined, and a sloped roof is mounted on the inclined upper side of the upper-floor building unit, the northern oblique line, etc. Can meet the diagonal line restriction.

(5) By providing a skylight on the sloped roof surface of the upper-floor building unit and providing an opening for blow-off on the floor immediately below the skylight, the height of the ceiling does not matter and the livability is improved. Can be improved.

According to the invention of claim 4, there are the following operations (6) and (7). (6) In a unit building in which three or more building units are juxtaposed, a part of the upper side of the wall formed on the outer edge of both outer building units is inclined, and the upper side of the inclined upper side of both outer building units is inclined. The building has a sloped roof, and has no wall at the border between adjacent building units.
Accordingly, a wide and continuous living room space extending over a plurality of building units can be formed below the inclined roof surface, and the low ceiling height just below the inclined roof surface does not matter, and the livability can be improved.

(7) If the building unit of (6) is mounted on the upper floor of the unit building, oblique line restrictions such as northern oblique lines can be handled. At this time, an opening for stairs can be provided on the floor immediately below the inclined roofing material of the upper-floor building unit, and the effect (3) can be obtained. In addition, a skylight can be provided on the sloped roof material of the upper-floor building unit, and a stairwell opening can be provided on the floor immediately below the skylight.
The effect of (5) can be obtained.

According to the fifth aspect of the invention, the following operations (8) to (10) are provided. (8) When providing an opening in the wall surface of the wall panel, a structural face material was stretched without providing an opening at least in a range of a wall width of 90 cm on the eaves side below the inclined upper sap. Since the maximum height of a wall panel is generally 240 cm, it is 1/1/3 of the height of the wall panel.
The wall panel of the present invention in which the structural face material is provided in the range of the wall width (90 cm) corresponding to 3 or more can be regarded as a bearing wall. Therefore, while providing an opening in the wall surface of the wall panel, its structural strength can be secured, and the structural strength of the building can be secured.

(9) The opening is provided so as to straddle the lower wall surface of the horizontal upper sap of the wall panel and the lower wall of the inclined upper sap except the wall width of 90 cm on the eaves side. Therefore, the structural strength of the wall panel can be ensured by the above (1), while determining the position of the opening as freely as possible in a wide range excluding a part of the wall panel.

(10) The opening is located on the lower eaves side of the upper sloped material.
It is not provided in the range of the wall width of 90 cm. That is, since the opening is provided on the high wall side on the opposite side of the eaves, even at the lower wall surface of the inclined upper sap, the upper edge of the opening is set to the same height level as that of a general rectangular wall panel. it can.

[0027]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a building unit of a first embodiment, FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing a unit building of a second embodiment, and FIG. 3 shows a unit building of a third embodiment. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a unit building of the fourth embodiment, FIG. 5 is a wall panel of the fifth embodiment, and FIG.
Is a front view, (B) is a cross-sectional view along line BB of (A),
(C) is a cross-sectional view along the line CC of (A), and FIG. 6 is a front view showing a modification of the wall panel.

(First Embodiment) (FIG. 1) The building unit 10 is a wall type, and wall panels 12 to 14 are provided on each of three other outer edges of the floor panel 11 except for one outer edge. They are joined.

The floor panel 11 is provided on the upper surface of a floor frame in which frame members 11A are arranged on each of four sides of a rectangular floor surface.
B is fixed.

The wall panel 12 is joined to the outer edge of the floor panel 11 opposite to the outer edge where the wall panel is not provided. The lower panel 12A is fixed to the frame 11A of the floor panel 11. A plurality of vertical members 12B erected on the member 12A, an upper side member 12C bridged over the vertical members 12B,
12D and the upper sapwood 12C in a horizontal state.
D is inclined.

The wall panel 13 is joined to an outer edge of the floor panel 11 to which the wall panel 12 is joined, and to an outer edge crossing on the side of the horizontal upper sap 12C.
A, a vertical member 13B and an upper side member 13C, and the wall panel 12
Can be formed so as to match the wall height on the side of the horizontal upper side material 12C.

The wall panel 14 is joined to the outer edge of the floor panel 11 to which the wall panel 12 is joined, and to the outer edge crossing on the side of the inclined upper sap 12D.
A, a vertical member 14B and an upper side member 14C, and the wall panel 12
The lower wall surface that matches the lower wall height of the inclined upper sap member 12D can be formed.

However, as shown in FIG. 1, when the two line-symmetric building units 10 are joined together so that their outer edges where no wall panels are provided face each other, a large living room space 15 is formed. The sloping roof panel 16 is mounted on the sloping upper sapwood 12D of the wall panels 12, 12 of both building units 10, and the wall panels 12,
A wide and high attic ceiling space 17 can be formed on the twelve horizontal upper side materials 12C.

Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the following operations are provided. The building unit 10 is a wall type, and the wall panel is not joined at at least one outer edge of the floor panel 11. Therefore, when the two building units 10 are juxtaposed, the outer edges of the two building units 10 where the wall panels are not provided are abutted against each other, so that the ceiling such as a wall panel is cut off at the boundary between the ceilings of the two building units 10. May not be present. Thereby, the building unit 10
Roof panel 16 mounted on the sloping upper sap 12D of the wall panel 12 of FIG.
When the attic ceiling space 17 is formed on the 2C, the attic ceiling space 17 is formed at the boundary between the ceilings of the two building units 10.
There is no member to block the ceiling, and a wide and high ceiling space can be formed.

(Second Embodiment) (FIG. 2) In the unit building of FIG. 2, a second-floor building unit 2 is mounted on a first-floor building unit 1, and three units are mounted on a second-floor building unit 2.
When the roof unit 4 is mounted on the three-story building unit 3 and the roof unit 4 is mounted on the three-story building unit 3,
Uses the building unit 10 of the first embodiment. The first-floor building unit 1 has stairs 1A, and the second-floor building unit 2 has stairs 2A.

In the building unit 10 (3), a part of the upper side materials 12C and 12D of the wall panel 12 forming the wall surface is formed as an inclined upper side material 12D, and a roof inclined at the same inclination on the inclined upper side material 12D. The roofing material 4A of the unit 4 was mounted.

At this time, the floor panel 11 immediately below the sloped roofing material 4A of the roof unit 4 mounted on the sloped upper side material 12D of the wall panel 12 of the building unit 10 (3) is provided with a stair opening 11C. (FIG. 1).

Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the following operations are provided. A part of upper siding materials 12C and 12D forming a wall surface of an upper floor building unit 10 constituting a unit building is inclined, and a sloping roof material 4A is mounted on the sloping upper sill member 12D of the upper floor building unit 10. According to this, it is possible to cope with oblique line restrictions such as northern oblique lines.

The inclined roofing material 4 of the upper-floor building unit 10
By providing the stair opening 11C in the floor panel 11 immediately below A, the height of the ceiling does not matter and the livability can be improved.

Third Embodiment (FIG. 3) In the unit building of FIG. 3, the second-floor building unit 2 is mounted on the first-floor building unit 1, and the roof unit 4 is mounted on the second-floor building unit 2. In doing so, the above-mentioned building unit 10 is used as the second-floor building unit 2.

In the building unit 10 (2), a part of the upper side materials 12C and 12D of the wall panel 12 forming the wall surface is formed as an inclined upper side material 12D, and a roof inclined at the same inclination on the inclined upper side material 12D. The roofing material 4A of the unit 4 was mounted.

At this time, a skylight 4B is provided on the sloped roofing material 4A of the roof unit 4 mounted on the sloped upper side material 12D of the wall panel 12 of the building unit 10 (2), and the skylight 4B of the building unit 10 (2) is provided. A floor opening 11C for guiding the lighting A from the skylight 4B from the second-floor room to the first-floor room is provided on the floor panel 11 immediately below (FIG. 1).

Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the following operations are provided. A part of the upper siding material 12D forming the wall surface of the upper-floor building unit 10 constituting the unit building is inclined, and the inclined roofing material 4 is placed on the inclined upper sap material 12D of the upper-floor building unit 10.
According to the apparatus equipped with A, it is possible to cope with oblique line restrictions such as northern oblique lines.

The inclined roofing material 4 of the upper-floor building unit 10
A is provided with a skylight 4B, and a floor panel 11 immediately below the skylight 4B.
By providing the blow-off opening 11C in the ceiling, it is possible to improve the livability without worrying about the height of the ceiling.

(Fourth Embodiment) (FIG. 4) The unit building 20 of FIG.
The three building units 1, 22 and a central building unit 23 are juxtaposed.

The two outer building units 21 and 22 are the two axisymmetric wall type building units 10 of the first embodiment.
10 and each one of the floor panels 11
Wall panels 12 to 14 are joined to each of the other three outer edges except for one outer edge. The wall panel 12 forms a part of the upper side materials 12C and 12D as an inclined upper side material 12D, the wall panel 13 forms a high wall surface, and the wall panel 14 forms a low wall surface.

The central building unit 23 is configured such that it does not include only the wall panel 12 as compared with the building units 21 and 22 on the outer sides, and the opposing outer edges of the floor panel 11 each have a wall. Panels 13 and 14 are joined together. The floor panel 11 is the floor panel 11 of the first embodiment.
The wall panel 13 has the same configuration as the wall panel 13 of the first embodiment, and the wall panel 14 has the same configuration as the wall panel 14 of the first embodiment.

That is, the unit building 20 has the following constructions (1) to (3) by juxtaposing the building units 21, 22, and 23 as described above. (1) Each of the building units 21 to 23 does not have a wall surface at a boundary portion where they are in contact with each other.

(2) The building units 21 and 22 on both outer sides are
Among these outer edges, the outer edge located outside in the direction in which they are arranged has a wall surface formed by the wall panels 12 and 12.

(3) The wall panels 12 of the building units 21 and 22 on both sides are formed by forming a part of the upper siding 12C and 12D into an inclined upper siding 12D. The roofing material 31 of the roof unit 30 inclined at the same inclination was mounted on the twelve inclined upper side materials 12D.

The unit building 20 has a roof unit 30 mounted on each of the three building units 21 to 23, and the roof units 30, 30 on both outer sides are mounted on the wall panels 12 of the building units 21, 22 on both outer sides. Horizontal upper sapwood 12
It has a girder wall 32 joined to C.

The unit building 20 is provided with a skylight 33 on the roof material 31 of each roof unit 30 above the building units 21 to 23. At this time, if the building units 21 to 23 are upper-floor building units mounted on the lower-floor building units, the floor panel 11 immediately below the skylights 33 of the building units 21 to 23 is illuminated by the sunlight from the skylight 33. A stairwell opening leading to the floor room can be provided.

If the building units 21 to 23 are upper-floor building units mounted on lower-floor building units,
An opening for stairs can be provided in the floor panel 11 directly below the inclined roofing material 31 of each roof unit 30 above the building units 21 to 23.

Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the following effects are obtained. In the unit building 20 in which the three building units 21 to 23 are juxtaposed, a part of the upper side of the wall formed on the outer edge of the outer building units 21 and 22 is inclined, and the outer building units 21 and 22 are inclined. Of the building unit 2 with the sloped roofing material 31 mounted on the sloped upper side material 12D of
No wall surface was provided at the boundary between the contact points 1 to 23. Accordingly, a wide and continuous living room space extending over a plurality of building units 21 to 23 can be formed under the sloping roof material 31, and the low ceiling height immediately below the sloping roof material 31 does not matter. Performance can be improved.

If the above-mentioned building units 21 to 23 are mounted on the upper floor of the unit building 20, oblique line restrictions such as northern oblique lines can be handled.

(Fifth Embodiment) (FIGS. 5 and 6) As shown in FIG. 5, the wall panel 40 can be used as the wall panel 12 constituting the building unit 10 of the first embodiment. 12A, a plurality of vertical members 12B erected on the lower member 12A, and upper members 12C and 12D bridged on the vertical member 12B. The upper member 12C is horizontal and the upper member 12D is inclined. Is formed. At this time, the wall panel 40 has a horizontal reference dimension L of about 90 cm, a panel width W1 of an integral multiple of this reference dimension, and a wall panel height H of 240 cm.

However, the wall panel 40 has a wall width W2 of 90 cm or more at the lower part of the inclined upper sapwood 12D, and a wall width of 90 cm at the eaves front side under the lower wall of the horizontal upper sapwood 12C and the lower part of the inclined upper sapwood 12D. An opening 42 is provided over the wall except for W3. The structural face members 43 and 44 are provided without the openings 42 in at least the range of the wall width W3 of 90 cm below the eaves on the lower side of the inclined upper side material 12D.

In the wall panel 40, an opening 42 is defined by a lintel 42A, a window pedestal 42B, and vertical members 12B, 12B on the left and right sides thereof to form a window or the like.

The structural face material 43 is made of, for example, a wood chip cement plate forming the outer wall, and the structural face material 44 is made of, for example, a gypsum board forming the inner wall.

As shown in FIG. 5, the opening 42 is provided with the entire lower wall surface of the horizontal upper sap 12C and the inclined upper sap 12
In addition to the lower part of D, which covers the wall except for the wall width W3 of 90 cm on the eaves side, as shown in FIG.
May extend over a part of the lower wall surface and the wall surface of the lower part of the inclined upper sapwood 12D except the wall width W3 of 90 cm on the eaves side.

Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the following operations are provided. When the opening 42 is provided in the wall surface of the wall panel 40, the opening 42 is not provided at least in the range of the wall width W3 of 90 cm at the lower side of the eaves below the inclined upper sap member 12D, and the structural surface materials 43, 4
4 were provided. The maximum height H of the wall panel 40 is generally 24
0 cm, the structural face materials 43, 4 are within a range (90 cm) of the wall width W3 corresponding to at least 1/3 of the height of the wall panel 40.
The wall panel 40 of the present invention provided with 4 can be regarded as a bearing wall. Therefore, while providing the opening 42 on the wall surface of the wall panel 40, its structural strength can be secured, and the structural strength of the building can be secured.

The opening 42 is provided so as to straddle the lower wall surface of the horizontal upper sap member 12C of the wall panel 40 and the lower wall surface of the inclined upper sap member 12D except the wall width W3 of 90 cm on the eaves side. Accordingly, the structural strength of the wall panel 40 can be ensured as described above while the position of the opening 42 is determined as freely as possible in a wide range except for a part of the wall panel 40.

The opening 42 is not provided in the range of the wall width W3 of 90 cm below the eaves below the inclined upper sapwood 12D.
That is, since the opening 42 is provided on the high wall side on the opposite side of the eaves even if it is the lower wall surface of the inclined upper sap 12D, the upper edge of the opening 42 is formed by a general rectangular wall panel (the first embodiment). Of the wall panel 13).

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and the design can be changed within a range not departing from the gist of the present invention. The present invention is also included in the present invention. For example, the building units constituting the unit buildings 20 of the second, third, and fourth aspects of the present invention are not limited to wall-type units, but may be shaft-type units.

[0065]

As described above, according to the present invention, a wide and high ceiling space can be formed by using a building unit in which a part of the upper side of the wall panel is inclined.

Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to improve the livability in a portion where the ceiling height is directly below the inclined roof surface formed by the upper-floor building unit.

Further, according to the present invention, the livability of a unit building having an inclined roof surface can be improved.

Further, according to the present invention, when a part of the upper side of the wall panel is inclined, the structural strength can be ensured while providing an opening in the wall surface of the wall panel.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a building unit according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing a unit building of a second embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a side sectional view showing a unit building of a third embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a unit building according to a fourth embodiment.

FIG. 5 shows a wall panel of a fifth embodiment, and (A)
Is a front view, (B) is a cross-sectional view along line BB of (A),
(C) is a sectional view taken along line CC of (A).

FIG. 6 is a front view showing a modification of the wall panel.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 1st-floor building unit 2 2nd-floor building unit 3 3rd-floor building unit 4 Roof unit 4A Roofing material 4B Skylight 10 Building unit 11 Floor panel 11C Opening 12-14 Wall panel 12D Slope upper sapwood 20 Unit building 21-23 Building unit Reference Signs List 30 roof unit 31 roof material 40 wall panel 41 wall framework 42 opening 43, 44 structural face material

Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat II (reference) E04B 7/02 511 E04B 7/02 511A 7/18 7/18 A

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A building unit in which a wall panel is joined to another outer edge of a floor panel except for at least one outer edge, wherein at least one of the upper edges of the wall panel is inclined. And building units. 2. An upper-floor building unit is mounted on a lower-floor building unit, a part of an upper side forming a wall surface of the upper-floor building unit is inclined, and an upper part of the upper surface of the upper-floor building unit is inclined. In a unit building equipped with a roofing material that slopes at the same slope, an opening for stairs is provided on the floor immediately below the sloped roofing material mounted on the sloped upper side of the upper floor building unit And unit building. 3. An upper-floor building unit is mounted on a lower-floor building unit, and a part of an upper side forming a wall surface of the upper-floor building unit is inclined. In a unit building equipped with a roof material inclined at the same gradient, a roof window is provided on the sloped roof material mounted on the sloped upper side of the upper floor building unit, and a floor surface directly below the skylight of the upper floor building unit A unit building, characterized in that a blow-off opening is provided in the unit building. 4. In a unit building in which three or more building units are juxtaposed, each of the building units does not have a wall surface at a boundary where the building units are adjacent to each other, and the building units on both outer sides have one of their outer edges. A wall surface is provided at an outer edge portion located outside in the direction in which they are arranged, and a part of the upper side of the wall surface provided on both outer building units is inclined, and the same is placed on the inclined upper side of the wall surface of both outer building units. A unit building that is equipped with a roof material that slopes on a slope. 5. A wall panel comprising a lower frame, a longitudinal member and an upper member forming a wall frame, wherein the upper member comprises a horizontal upper member and an inclined upper member, and a lower wall width of the inclined upper member. 90cm or more, an opening is provided across the lower wall of the horizontal upper sap and the lower wall of the sloping upper sap except for the wall width of the eaves side of 90cm. Characterized in that the structural panel is stretched without providing an opening in the area of (1).