JP2001205460A - Friction stir joining tool of high fatigue strength structure - Google Patents
Friction stir joining tool of high fatigue strength structureInfo
- Publication number
- JP2001205460A JP2001205460A JP2000016328A JP2000016328A JP2001205460A JP 2001205460 A JP2001205460 A JP 2001205460A JP 2000016328 A JP2000016328 A JP 2000016328A JP 2000016328 A JP2000016328 A JP 2000016328A JP 2001205460 A JP2001205460 A JP 2001205460A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- pin
- friction stir
- diameter
- joining tool
- tool
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】この発明は摩擦撹拌接合に用いら
れる接合ツールに関するものであり、接合ツールの対疲
労強度を高めてその耐久性を向上させることができるも
のである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a welding tool used for friction stir welding, and more particularly, to improving the durability of a welding tool by increasing its fatigue strength.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】アルミ合金製素材（例えばパネル）を突
合接合できる摩擦撹拌接合それ自体は従来周知のもので
あり、その概要は図３、図４に示すとおりである。すな
わち、パネルＰ，Ｐを突合せ、互いに圧接させた状態で
付合面に沿って、接合ツールＴを高速回転させながらゆ
っくりと前進させて、接合ツールＴのピン１と突合面と
の摩擦熱及び接合ツールＴの肩部３と接合表面との摩擦
熱で、接合端部を加熱、可塑化させて接合させるもので
ある（特開平10-328856 号公報）。パネルＰが板厚２〜
５ｍｍのアルミ合金製である場合、ピン１の直径が５ｍ
ｍ、ツール本体２の直径が１５ｍｍの接合ツールＴが一
般的に用いられている。接合ツールＴは進行方向後方に
若干傾斜（前進傾斜：経験的にほぼ３度が適当とされて
いる）した状態で前進する。他方、ツール本体２の下端
面、すなわち肩面３が上方に凸の円錐面になっている。
したがって、前進傾斜した状態で前進するとき、上記肩
面３の進行方向後方部が接合部表面に若干食い込むこと
になる。接合ツールの肩面３の円錐面５の外周の角は接
合表面が平滑になるように小さな曲面になっており、内
周部とピン１の根元との間は、前進運動でピンにかかる
力（前進圧力）による応力集中を低減するために局率半
径ｒの曲面５ａになっている。ところで、ピン１は前進
角度Θで傾斜した状態で高速で回転しながら前方に強力
に押されるので，前進抵抗力Ｆ（ピンの直径ｄ、長さ
Ｌ、単位面積当の圧力ｐのとき、Ｆ＝ｄ×Ｌ×ｐで、通
常の場合２００〜３００Ｋｇ）によってピン１の根元
に、１回転する毎に一回の両振り繰り返し荷重がかか
り、この繰り返し荷重のためにピン１の根元が疲労破壊
する。ワーク（パネルＰなど）の接合部の板厚や接合ツ
ールの回転速度などとも関連するが、摩擦撹拌接合に対
する負荷の低減、ワーク接合部の接合強度などから、ピ
ン１の直径は所望の摩擦撹拌接合が可能である限りでき
るだけ小径であることが望ましく、他方、ピン１の直径
が大きければ単純な曲げ強度は高くなるが、前進抵抗が
大きくなり、したがって、ピン根元にかかる最大曲げモ
ーメントは大きくなるという問題を生じる。他方、摩擦
撹拌接合中にピンが折れると、その接合作業が中断する
ので接合線の仕上がり状態が悪くなる。このため、１本
の接合ツールで接合可能な接合長さを経験的に定め、そ
の範囲内で破損する前に予め接合ツールを交換するのが
一般的なやりかたである。この摩擦撹拌接合ツールＴは
高級な鋼で、高価なものであるので、摩擦撹拌接合作業
のコストを低減するという観点から、その耐久性の向上
が望まれるところである。以上のことから、ピン１の直
径を可及的に小さく、かつ疲労強度が高いピンをどのよ
うに設計するかが問題となっている。2. Description of the Related Art Friction stir welding, which can butt-join aluminum material (for example, a panel), is itself well known in the art, and its outline is shown in FIGS. That is, the joining tool T is slowly advanced while rotating at a high speed along the joining surface in a state where the panels P, P are butted and pressed against each other, so that the frictional heat between the pin 1 of the joining tool T and the joining surface is reduced. The joining end is heated and plasticized by friction heat between the shoulder 3 of the joining tool T and the joining surface to join (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-328856). Panel P has a thickness of 2
When made of 5mm aluminum alloy, the diameter of pin 1 is 5m
m, a joining tool T having a diameter of the tool body 2 of 15 mm is generally used. The welding tool T moves forward with a slight inclination (forward inclination: approximately 3 degrees is empirically determined to be appropriate) rearward in the traveling direction. On the other hand, the lower end surface of the tool main body 2, that is, the shoulder surface 3 is a conical surface that is convex upward.
Therefore, when the vehicle advances in the forwardly inclined state, the rearward portion of the shoulder surface 3 in the traveling direction slightly bites into the joint surface. The outer peripheral corner of the conical surface 5 of the shoulder surface 3 of the welding tool is a small curved surface so that the welding surface is smooth, and the force applied to the pin by the forward movement between the inner peripheral portion and the root of the pin 1 In order to reduce stress concentration due to (forward pressure), the curved surface 5a has a local radius r. By the way, since the pin 1 is strongly pushed forward while rotating at a high speed while being inclined at the forward angle 前進, the forward resistance F (the diameter d of the pin, the length L, and the pressure p per unit area, F = D × L × p, usually 200 to 300 Kg), a double repetitive load is applied to the root of the pin 1 once per rotation, and the root of the pin 1 is subjected to fatigue failure due to this repetitive load. I do. The diameter of the pin 1 can be adjusted to a desired value by frictional stir welding due to a reduced load on the friction stir welding and a joining strength of the work joint. It is desirable that the diameter of the pin 1 be as small as possible, while the larger the diameter of the pin 1, the higher the simple bending strength, but the greater the advancing resistance, and therefore the greater the maximum bending moment on the pin root. The problem arises. On the other hand, if the pin is broken during the friction stir welding, the joining operation is interrupted, so that the finished state of the joining line is deteriorated. For this reason, it is a common practice to empirically determine the joining length that can be joined with one joining tool, and to replace the joining tool in advance before breaking within the range. Since the friction stir welding tool T is a high-grade steel and is expensive, it is desired to improve its durability from the viewpoint of reducing the cost of the friction stir welding operation. From the above, there is a problem how to design a pin having as small a diameter as possible and having high fatigue strength.
【０００３】[0003]
【解決しようとする課題】そこで、この発明は、摩擦撹
拌接合ツールについて、疲労強度を可及的に向上させる
ことを目的として、単純で最も合理的な構造設計基準を
見出し、それにしたがって接合ツールのピンの構造設計
が簡単にできるようにすることをその課題とするもので
ある。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, the present invention aims to improve the fatigue strength of a friction stir welding tool as much as possible, and finds a simple and most rational structural design standard. An object of the present invention is to make it possible to easily design a pin structure.
【０００４】[0004]
【課題解決のために講じた手段】上記課題解決のために
講じた手段は、前進傾斜した状態で前進する摩擦撹拌接
合ツールについて、接合ツールのピンの直径ｄとピンの
長さＬの関係が次式に適合するようにしたことである。 式：Ｋｔ×Ｌ２／ｄ２≦１．９６ ただし、Ｋｔは応力集中係数であって、接合ツールの形
状による定数 Ｌはピンの長さ ｄはピンの根元の直径The measures taken to solve the above problem are as follows. For a friction stir welding tool that advances in a forwardly inclined state, the relationship between the diameter d of the pin of the welding tool and the length L of the pin is determined. This is to conform to the following equation. Formula: Kt × L 2 / d 2 ≦ 1.96 where Kt is a stress concentration factor, a constant depending on the shape of the joining tool, L is the length of the pin d is the diameter of the root of the pin
【０００５】[0005]
【作用】前進傾斜角度（約３度）で傾斜した状態で高速
回転しながら前進するとき、ピンの前進運動に対する抵
抗として単位面積当り上記ｐの等分布荷重がかかる。こ
れによってピンの根元に最大曲モーメントＭmax がかか
り、肩部の傾斜面５（図４参照）の内周部とピン１の根
元の間の曲面部５ａに最大の集中応力が生じる。この最
大応力δmax はピン１の根元の直径ｄ、ピンの長さＬ、
ピンにかかる前進圧力をｐＫｇ／ｍｍ２とするとき次式
で求められる。 式：δmax ＝Ｋｔ×１６ｐ／π×Ｌ２／ｄ２ ただし、ｐはピンにかかる前進圧力（ｋｇ／ｍｍ２）、
ｋｔは応力集中係数で、根元の曲面５ａの局率半径ｒと
ピンの根元の直径との比（ｒ／ｄ）によって、例えば図
２に示す既知のグラフから求められるものである。上式
からｐを一定とするとき、δmax は「Ｋｔ×Ｌ２／
ｄ２」に比例するが、実験の結果、「Ｋｔ×Ｌ２／
ｄ２」が１．９６を境として、１．９６以下の範囲にお
いて、「Ｋｔ×Ｌ２／ｄ２」が小さいほど疲労強度が急
激に増大することが確認された。因みに、従来のものは
「Ｋｔ×Ｌ２／ｄ２」はほぼ２．２１であるが、この場
合、接合可能な長さは約７．９ｍであるのに対して、
１．９６の場合は３４２ｍ、１．９０の場合は８００
ｍ、１．８６の場合は１５００ｍ、１．８２の場合は２
８００ｍとなるといった具合である。接合面の仕上が
り、接合強度などの所要の摩擦撹拌接合を実現するとの
観点から許容される限度内で、「Ｋｔ×Ｌ２／ｄ２」が
１．９６以下を基準としてピンの長さと直径を選択すれ
ば、耐久性が高く、摩擦撹拌接合にも特段の不都合のな
い接合ツールの構造設計を簡単容易に行うことができ
る。When moving forward while rotating at a high speed in a state of being inclined at a forward inclination angle (about 3 degrees), the above-mentioned uniform distribution load of p per unit area is applied as resistance to the forward movement of the pin. As a result, the maximum bending moment Mmax is applied to the root of the pin, and the maximum concentrated stress is generated in the curved surface 5a between the inner peripheral portion of the inclined surface 5 of the shoulder (see FIG. 4) and the root of the pin 1. This maximum stress δmax is the diameter d at the root of the pin 1, the length L of the pin,
When the forward pressure applied to the pin is pKg / mm 2 , it can be obtained by the following equation. Formula: δmax = Kt × 16p / π × L 2 / d 2 Here, p is the forward pressure on the pin (kg / mm 2),
kt is a stress concentration coefficient, which is obtained from, for example, a known graph shown in FIG. 2 by a ratio (r / d) of a local radius r of the curved surface 5a at the root to a diameter of the root of the pin. When p is constant from the above equation, δmax is expressed as “Kt × L 2 /
d 2 ”, but as a result of the experiment,“ Kt × L 2 /
In the range where d 2 is 1.96 and 1.96 or less, it was confirmed that the smaller the value of “Kt × L 2 / d 2 ”, the more the fatigue strength increased. Incidentally, in the conventional case, “Kt × L 2 / d 2 ” is approximately 2.21. In this case, the length that can be joined is approximately 7.9 m, whereas
342 m for 1.96, 800 for 1.90
m, 1.86 for 1500 m, 1.82 for 2
It is 800 m. Within the limits permitted from the viewpoint of achieving the required friction stir welding such as the finish of the joining surface and the joining strength, the length and diameter of the pin are set based on a value of “Kt × L 2 / d 2 ” of 1.96 or less. If selected, it is possible to easily and easily perform the structural design of a welding tool that has high durability and has no particular inconvenience in friction stir welding.
【０００６】[0006]
【実施例】次いで、図１を参照しつつ実施例を説明す
る。図１の実施例は板厚２ｍｍのパネルを摩擦撹拌接合
するのに適した接合ツールに本発明を適用した例であ
る。接合ツールＴのピン１１の直径ｄは５ｍｍ，本体１
２の直径は１５ｍｍ、下端の肩面１３の円錐面の傾斜角
度αは１０度で、本体下端１２からのピン１１の突出長
さＬ１ は４．５ｍｍ、ピンの全長Ｌは５．２ｍｍであ
る。そして、ピン根元の曲面の局率半径ｒは０．６ｍｍ
である。この本体の直径が１５ｍｍ、局率半径ｒが０．
６ｍｍ、ピンの根元の直径ｄが５．０ｍｍであるから、
図２のような既知のＫｔのグラフから、応力集中係数Ｋ
ｔ：１．７６が読み取れる。上記の場合Ｋｔは１．７
６、ピンの根元の直径ｄは５．０ｍｍ、ピン１１の長さ
Ｌは５．２ｍｍであるから、「Ｋｔ×Ｌ２／ｄ２」は
１．９０になる。回転速度１７５０ｒｐｍで、前進速度
を毎秒１０ｍｍで摩擦撹拌接合することを前提とし、接
合可能長さを最低８００ｍにすることを目的として、上
記の「Ｋｔ×Ｌ２／ｄ２」：１．９０を選定し、この数
値を基に、上記ピン１１の長さＬを５．２ｍｍ、ピン１
１の直径ｄを５．０ｍｍに選定したものである。この場
合のピン１１にかかる圧力ｐは９．６５Ｋｇ／ｍｍ２で
あるが、これは通常の許容範囲であり、ピンの直径も摩
擦撹拌接合を円滑に行う上で支障のない範囲のものであ
る。上記実施例の接合ツールについて摩擦撹拌接合を行
った結果、接合部の継手効率は８６％で、接合表面の平
滑さは図３，図４に示す従来のものと違いはなかった。
上記実施例の接合ツール１０本について耐久試験を行っ
た結果、接合長さ７００ｍ以上８００ｍ未満のものが３
本、８００ｍ以上９００ｍ未満のものは６本、９００ｍ
以上のものが１本で、単純平均は８３９ｍであった。ち
なみに、板厚２ｍｍのパネル接合に適した、ピンの直径
４ｍｍ、ピン長さ４．７ｍｍの従来の接合ツールは、
「Ｋｔ×Ｌ２／ｄ２」が２．２１であるが、このもの１
０本について耐久試験を行った結果、接合長さ２ｍ以上
４ｍ未満のものが２本、４ｍ以上８ｍ未満のものが７
本、８ｍ以上のものが１本で、単純平均は５．６ｍであ
った。以上の試験結果からも、本発明によって設計され
た接合ツールは極めて耐久性が高いことが明らかであ
る。Next, an embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is an example in which the present invention is applied to a welding tool suitable for friction stir welding of a panel having a thickness of 2 mm. The diameter d of the pin 11 of the welding tool T is 5 mm,
The diameter of 2 is 15 mm, the inclination angle α of the conical surface of the shoulder surface 13 at the lower end is 10 degrees, the protruding length L 1 of the pin 11 from the lower end 12 of the main body is 4.5 mm, and the total length L of the pin is 5.2 mm. is there. Then, the radius of curvature r of the curved surface at the root of the pin is 0.6 mm.
It is. This body has a diameter of 15 mm and a radius of locality r of 0.
6 mm, the diameter d of the root of the pin is 5.0 mm,
From the known Kt graph as shown in FIG.
t: 1.76 can be read. In the above case, Kt is 1.7
6. Since the diameter d of the root of the pin is 5.0 mm and the length L of the pin 11 is 5.2 mm, “Kt × L 2 / d 2 ” is 1.90. Assuming that friction stir welding is performed at a rotational speed of 1750 rpm and a forward speed of 10 mm per second, the above-mentioned “Kt × L 2 / d 2 ”: 1.90 is set for the purpose of making the joinable length at least 800 m. Based on this numerical value, the length L of the pin 11 is set to 5.2 mm,
The diameter d of 1 was selected to be 5.0 mm. The pressure p applied to the pin 11 in this case is 9.65 Kg / mm 2 , which is a normal allowable range, and the diameter of the pin is within a range that does not hinder smooth friction stir welding. . As a result of performing friction stir welding on the welding tool of the above embodiment, the joint efficiency of the welded portion was 86%, and the smoothness of the welding surface was not different from the conventional one shown in FIGS.
As a result of performing a durability test on the ten welding tools of the above embodiment, three welding tools having a bonding length of 700 m or more and less than 800 m were 3
6, 800 m or more and less than 900 m, 6 m, 900 m
The above was one, and the simple average was 839 m. By the way, a conventional joining tool with a pin diameter of 4 mm and a pin length of 4.7 mm, suitable for panel joining with a board thickness of 2 mm,
“Kt × L 2 / d 2 ” is 2.21.
As a result of an endurance test on 0 pieces, 2 pieces with a joint length of 2 m or more and less than 4 m were 7 pieces, and 4 pieces or more and 4 m or more and less than 8 m
The number of the books was 8 m or more, and the simple average was 5.6 m. From the above test results, it is clear that the joining tool designed according to the present invention has extremely high durability.
【０００７】[0007]
【効果】以上のとおり、接合ツールのピンの直径と長
さ、応力集中係数Ｋｔの関係が、Ｋｔ×Ｌ２／ｄ２≦
１．９６を満たす範囲でピンの直径と長さを選定するこ
とによって、ピンの直径を可及的に小さく、かつ耐久性
を著しく高い接合ツールを簡単容易に設計することがで
きる。[Effect] As described above, the relationship between the diameter and the length of the pin of the welding tool and the stress concentration coefficient Kt is Kt × L 2 / d 2 ≦
By selecting the diameter and length of the pin in a range that satisfies 1.96, it is possible to easily and easily design a joining tool having a pin diameter as small as possible and having extremely high durability.
【図１】（ａ）は実施例の接合ツールの縦断面図であ
り、（ｂ）は（ａ）の正面図である。FIG. 1A is a longitudinal sectional view of a welding tool according to an embodiment, and FIG. 1B is a front view of FIG.
【図２】は応力集中係数Ｋｔとｒ／ｄとＤ／ｄとの関係
を示すグラフである。FIG. 2 is a graph showing a relationship between a stress concentration coefficient Kt, r / d, and D / d.
【図３】は従来の接合ツールによる摩擦撹拌接合状態の
斜視図である。FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a friction stir welding state using a conventional welding tool.
【図４】は図３のＹ−Ｙ断面図である。FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line YY of FIG.
Ｐ：パネル Ｗ：接合ツール ｒ：接合ツールのピンの根元の曲面の局率半径 ｄ：接合ツールのピンの直径 Ｄ：接合ツールの本体直径 Ｌ：接合ツールのピンの長さ ｐ：ピンの前進運動によりピンにかかる単位面積当たり
の圧力 Θ：接合ツールの前進角度 α：肩面１３の円錐面の傾斜角度 １，１１：接合ツールのピン ２，１２：接合ツールのツール本体 ３，１３：接合ツールの肩面P: panel W: joining tool r: radius of curvature of the curved surface at the root of the joining tool pin d: diameter of the joining tool pin D: diameter of the joining tool body L: length of the joining tool pin p: pin advance Pressure per unit area applied to the pin due to motion Θ: Advance angle of welding tool α: Inclination angle of conical surface of shoulder surface 1,11: Pin of welding tool 2,12: Tool body of welding tool 3,13: welding Tool shoulder
Claims (1)
ツールにおいて、接合ツールのピンの直径ｄとピンの長
さＬの関係が次式に適合するようになっている、高疲労
強度構造の摩擦撹拌接合ツール。 式：Ｋｔ×Ｌ２／ｄ２≦１．９６ ただし、Ｋｔは応力集中係数であって、接合ツールの形
状による定数 Ｌはピンの長さ ｄはピンの根元の直径In a friction stir welding tool that advances in a forwardly inclined state, a relationship between a diameter d of a pin of the welding tool and a length L of the pin conforms to the following equation. Friction stir welding tool. Formula: Kt × L 2 / d 2 ≦ 1.96 where Kt is a stress concentration factor, a constant depending on the shape of the joining tool, L is the length of the pin d is the diameter of the root of the pin
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000016328A JP3258307B2 (en) | 2000-01-25 | 2000-01-25 | Friction stir welding tool with high fatigue strength structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000016328A JP3258307B2 (en) | 2000-01-25 | 2000-01-25 | Friction stir welding tool with high fatigue strength structure |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001205460A true JP2001205460A (en) | 2001-07-31 |
| JP3258307B2 JP3258307B2 (en) | 2002-02-18 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000016328A Expired - Fee Related JP3258307B2 (en) | 2000-01-25 | 2000-01-25 | Friction stir welding tool with high fatigue strength structure |
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| JP (1) | JP3258307B2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009131891A (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-18 | Hitachi Ltd | Friction stir spot welding tool and friction stir spot welding method using the same |
| KR20170109030A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2017-09-27 | 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 | Friction stir welding apparatus for structural steel |
| CN113681148A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2021-11-23 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | Tool member for friction stir welding, friction stir welding device using same, and friction stir welding method |
-
2000
- 2000-01-25 JP JP2000016328A patent/JP3258307B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009131891A (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-18 | Hitachi Ltd | Friction stir spot welding tool and friction stir spot welding method using the same |
| KR20170109030A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2017-09-27 | 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 | Friction stir welding apparatus for structural steel |
| KR101954561B1 (en) | 2015-03-19 | 2019-03-05 | 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 | Friction stir welding apparatus for structural steel |
| US10766099B2 (en) | 2015-03-19 | 2020-09-08 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Friction stir welding apparatus for structural steel |
| CN113681148A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2021-11-23 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | Tool member for friction stir welding, friction stir welding device using same, and friction stir welding method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3258307B2 (en) | 2002-02-18 |
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