JP2001136853A - Cultivation of hybrid by reciprocal cross of plant belonging to gentianaceae with plant belonging to campanulaceae and breeding - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a hybrid by applying pseudogamy due to reciprocal cross of a plant belonging to Gentianaceae with a plant belonging to Campanulaceae or to obtain a material for breeding of the both plants and to provide a method for breeding. SOLUTION: This breeding of plants belonging to Gentianaceae or Campanulaceae is performed by cultivation of matrilineal hybrid rising from pseudogamy performed in reciprocal cross of the above mentioned plants having strong hybridizing properties each other.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a technique for breeding hybrids by utilizing false fertilization caused by reciprocal crossing between a family of Genaceae and a family of Limnaceae, and breeding or breeding materials for both families. is there.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In nature, many plants have been naturally crossed indiscriminately by pollen carried by wind, birds, insects and the like. Unlike artificial breeding, it does not determine a specific partner, and the instinct of preservation of the race is abomixis even if self-flour is lacking due to environmental changes. (Inseparable seed breeding) Shutogami. (Pseudofertilization) accepts sperm that matches in various forms, such as a heterozygous mother / mother hybrid (fertilized but one gene is imprinted and expression is weak), incompatible species are eliminated before and after reaching the egg cell, In the process of survival for thousands or tens of thousands of years, life has been repeated and has evolved to adapt to the harsh natural environment, and has survived by dividing into many plants like today. It is human beings that are classified into genus, etc., even if they cross the family, there are actually things that are closer to the genus, things that are thought to be the same genre are distantly related, and the mystery of life that still exceeds human knowledge in nature, Sexual wonder remains. Up to now, interspecies and intergeneric crosses of plants have been widely performed, but it has been thought that crossing is impossible because there are many incompatible plants among closely related plants of different families. Therefore, cross-breeding of plants of different families has few research examples and experimental examples,
Very few successful cases are known to date

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Pseudofertilization caused by reciprocal crossing of Gentianaceae and Psychiaceae, diversity of flowers, flower appearance, flower color, flowering time, plant height, etc. of both plants utilizing maternal hybrids. To promote and improve artificial evolution of both plants.

[0004]

It was quite a coincidence that it was possible to cross the non-family plants. Over a decade or so ago, we continued research on intergeneric crosses between Gentian and Eustoma, and invented a method that can shorten breeding period and breed clone varieties by shoot gummy (false fertilization). In the course of this research, a cross with a plant outside the family was accidentally realized. Eggs have been repeatedly crossed for 5 to 6 generations with eustoma as mother and gentian as father. Crossbreeding with pollen of early gentian, which bloomed in the garden in June 1997, has been crossed many times. As usual, the seeding was carried out, and in the following spring sowing in April, I noticed that the shape of the seedling growing was different from that of the mother.
In the cross between Turkey and Gentian, it is false fertilization by experience so far, it should be the same living organism as the mother, and when you wonder, if you look into this region, this plant called early-growth Gentian is a gourmet of the family Ranunculaceae It turned out to be Rata and herbs. It has been said that successful crossbreeding of the same genus has been rarely seen, but is it possible to cross with plants of different families? I myself became suspicious and tried to cross pollen again with herbs in June, but I definitely got the seeds again this year (1998)
I was able to play. At the same time, we succeeded in backcrossing. In addition, since it was demonstrated that the herbaceous plants can be crossed with gentian eustoma even though they belong to the family Capelinaceae, the scope of research has been further expanded, and the feelings described below, such as gentian, eustoma versus fennel, herbs, campanula meju, etc. It was possible to demonstrate that reciprocal crossing of distantly related plants that could not be applied was possible. (1) Gentle father with gentian = seeds were produced but seeds failed to germinate. Father and white grass = same as above. Campanula = Only one plant grew and bolted from the third leaf. The leaf shape resembled gentian, withered after planting, and the grass was poor. (2) The mother of the kindo is a father and the kid is succeeded in seeding, but has not been sown yet. Mother and white grass = No successful seeding. Mother Campanula = Same as above. (3) Eustoma is a mother. Father Kikyo = Maternally inherited eustoma is growing. There are many individuals whose changes have been observed in many living organisms, such as early-flowering species, late-flowering species, and flower shapes such as wavy valve bloom, lily bloom, and double-leaved valve bloom, and progeny are also growing. Father Campanula = Succeeded seeding, not yet seeded (4) Mother Kikyo = Maternally inherited Kikyo grows on Turkish Kikyo Mother maternal and herbaceous plants Medium It has only been two years since the mutual crossing of plants of different families is possible, and there are few combinations of varieties that have been confirmed by experimentation, and many are expected for future research.

[0005]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the present invention, during the study of interspecific crossing utilizing pseudofertilization of a strongly crossbred Gentianaceae plant, a plant that is accidentally similar to Gentian (hereinafter referred to as an early Gentian in this region) was used. After seeding and seeding, the seedlings were found to differ in seedling appearance. The results of the investigation revealed that the plants belonged to the family Eustoma, so they were crossed again and similar results were obtained. On the other hand, we succeeded in backcrossing, so we expanded our experiments to other plants belonging to the family Amaranthus. As a result, 10 of the 12 reciprocal combinations as mentioned in the preceding paragraph could be sown. Six items (including halfway dead) that grew as plants grew as maternal pseudohybrids. The growth of the progeny was confirmed as mother turkey x father father and white grass, mother turkey x father kikyo, mother kikyo x father turkey, Heisei 10
As of the year. Many intellectuals have said through this study that crossing between families is impossible, so the classifications made by humans may differ from person to person, and I think it is absolutely impossible. I learned that there are still many unknown fields and mysterious worlds in the natural world that cannot be understood unless they actually try to do so, especially in the field of life science. If you decide that it is impossible, you end there. I learned the challenge of the impossible and the importance of execution.

[0006]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the present invention, an embodiment in which eukaryote, which is the most advanced in research, is used as a mother and herbs as fathers will be described. In the Toshonai region, the natural flowering of both species is from May to June for vines and from July to October for eustoma. As described above, Yatsushiro is a purple peach variety that has been said to be early-grown gentian and has bloomed in the garden of her own.
We used maternal varieties that have been crossed with Gentian for six generations. This is because they thought that the pollination rate and the seeding rate were higher. For mating, the eustoma growing in a greenhouse is emasculated one to two days before flowering, and at the same time, the female core is opened and the pollen of the grass is crossed with tweezers or the like. The younger mating, which is slightly younger, is carried out in the same manner as the usual bag hanging method.
Seeds that cannot be seeded as seen in the cross between genus Turkey and Gentian depending on the combination variety. Some fruits do not germinate or grow even after fruiting, so it is important to first perform a combination test and select a combination of varieties that will produce fruit and grow. (The amount of seeds to be set is about 2% or less of normal.) Also, the same applies to the case where the mother is made of a weed and a grass, and the father is Turkey, and the amount of the set seeds is extremely small. There are many maternal lines even if different strains appear.
After 5 days and 10 days after pollination, when the ovary was opened, hybrid embryos were found to have died in the growth and growth of the object, and the remaining small seeds were mostly maternal. Isn't it a sign of strong maternal instinct for preservation? In the crossing of eustoma and herbaceous plants, a shift occurs during the flowering period, so it is necessary to collect pollen at the peak of flowering of Yatsushiro grass and store it frozen. The same applies to crossing with gentian.

[0007]

According to the present invention, a variety of maternal mutants have emerged which could not be expected at all by accidental crossing with the grass. Try to separate this for each living body. (1) Plant height, dwarf species is about 25 cm, high varieties are 10 rice
(2) Flowering season, early blooming species is usually one month earlier than flowering season and later than the grass. Late blooming species is 1 more
Flowering 0 days later. The flowering period was extended about 40 days before and after. (3) Flower color, mostly pink, around 90%. 5% dark engine color 3% purple of the same color as mother 2% slightly pale pink
Appeared. (4) There are many flower-shaped and strong wavy valves, and unlike the mother's round valve, unevenness is seen. In addition, a long lily varieties with a sharp valve tip appeared. In addition, malformed flowers lacking genital organs, such as female and male wicks, were found. (5) Stems, leaves, and stems are harder and more rigid than their mothers' eustomas, and their leaves are somewhat needle-shaped compared to their mothers. Since many mutants as described above appeared, the following breeding materials could be obtained as a result of self-breeding for each characteristic strain. (1) Dwarf early blooming species. Only one out of 100 plants grew, and 99% of them were short rods of 25 cm or less, which are suitable for pot varieties and breeding materials. Until now, potted seeds of eustoma use a growth inhibitor to shorten the plant height. It also blooms one month earlier than previous varieties. (2) Early blooming tall species. It blooms as early as dwarf species. Plant height 1m or more (3) Late blooming tall species. A tall species that blooms about ten days later than the late species. (4) A lily bloom variety similar to tulip China pink was bred. Among the individuals resembling the lily bloom that appeared only in the previous year, those that crossed with the varieties of cuspid valves that resembled the gentian flower shape with small rings that appeared maternally now show an appearance rate of 70%,
We are also working to increase flower color and improve flower volume. (5) Among the hybrids with the weedy grass, there are many pink wavy valves as a whole, and some of them have a dark engine color that does not fade to the end, and rare individuals with the same double color and cuspid valves. It is not a dream to improve the flower pattern of the double varieties and to improve the parrots of the tulips. In addition, in many cases where eustoma is the mother and Kikyo are the father, the inheritance is maternal, but individuals with branching, blooming and cuspids were also observed, but the number of seeds collected and the number of breeding individuals were small, so many This is a future research topic. The same applies to the case of reciprocal crossing using a white grass or a fennel as a mother. In addition, the crossing of gentian as a mother with a keyflower plant did not succeed in cultivation although all three seeds were obtained, mainly because they were cultivated in Turkey and were not cultivated in gentian. I believe we can always succeed by improving our cultivation methods. Unfortunately, gentian and Campanu, who died on the way, are examples.
As mentioned above, my research has been focused on turkeys, but in the future, gentian and other members of the same family. Dramatic progress is expected in the improvement of varieties of the plant of the family Lepidoptera, and embryo culture by biotechnology, etc. Research on hybrid breeding for reciprocal crossing of both families has also been promoted, and to date only research on a limited number of minor genera and varieties among both family plants, but the success of crossing of plants across families will be in the future. It is considered that the study of cross between other plants with strong crossing will be newly reviewed.

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission Date] June 19, 2000 (2006.1.
9)

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Title of the Invention Method of breeding and breeding hybrids by mutual reciprocal crossing of gentian and fennelaceae

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[Correction target item name] Claims

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[Claims]

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[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention utilizes a pseudofertilization and a variation in hereditary form caused by mutual reciprocal crossing between a Genaceae plant and an Asteraceae plant of different families to grow a hybrid, and to improve the breeding and breeding materials of both families. It is a technique to foster.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A method for breeding and breeding a gentian plant or a fennel plant, which utilizes pseudo fertilization caused by interbreeding between a gentian plant and a fennel plant.