JP2001081765A - Fish pass block and fish pass structure using the same and river-bed structure - Google Patents
Fish pass block and fish pass structure using the same and river-bed structureInfo
- Publication number
- JP2001081765A JP2001081765A JP26299199A JP26299199A JP2001081765A JP 2001081765 A JP2001081765 A JP 2001081765A JP 26299199 A JP26299199 A JP 26299199A JP 26299199 A JP26299199 A JP 26299199A JP 2001081765 A JP2001081765 A JP 2001081765A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- overflow
- fishway
- block
- wall
- flow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/60—Ecological corridors or buffer zones
Landscapes
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、緩勾配から１／５
程度の急勾配となる範囲において魚類の遡上、降下が容
易に行える水理特性を持ち、容易に設置可能な魚道ブロ
ックとそれを用いた魚道構造及び河床構造に関するもの
である。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for controlling
The present invention relates to a fishway block which has hydraulic characteristics so that fish can easily go up and down in a range of a steep grade, and which can be easily installed, and a fishway structure and a riverbed structure using the same.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】河川等において魚の遡上を可能にする必
要のある井堰等の施設では、魚道が設けられている。魚
道については、多くの提案がなされ、実用化されてい
る。例えば特開平8-302658号、特開平8-120655号、特開
平7-54330号等多数に及び多岐に亘る技術が提案されて
いる。本発明の出願人も特願平8-97121号で提案してい
る。従来提案されている魚道とそれに用いられる魚道ブ
ロックは、底版上に自然石又は擬石を任意に配して水流
方向に魚が遡上し易い道を作ろうとするものである。従
来提案されている魚道ブロックには、底版上の側壁と側
壁間に単に越流壁を横断方向に形成しただけのもの(例
えば特開平10-25730号)とか、底版上に自然石又は擬石
を配しただけのもの(例えば特開平8-120655号)であっ
た。前記特開平10-25730号には越流壁(隔壁)を横断方向
に設け、一方の側壁付近に切り欠きを設けて越流させる
構造例が示されているが、越流壁の立ち上がり角度が急
で、流量が増加した場合には剥離流となり魚類の移動に
困難をきたすものであった。2. Description of the Related Art In a facility such as a well that needs to enable fish to run up in a river or the like, a fishway is provided. Many proposals have been made for fishways and they have been put into practical use. For example, a wide variety of technologies have been proposed, such as JP-A-8-302658, JP-A-8-120655, and JP-A-7-54330. The applicant of the present invention has also proposed in Japanese Patent Application No. 8-97121. The conventionally proposed fishway and the fishway block used for the purpose are to arrange natural stones or artificial stones on the bottom plate arbitrarily to create a path where fish can easily go up in the water flow direction. Conventionally proposed fishway blocks include those in which an overflow wall is simply formed in the transverse direction between the side walls on the bottom plate (for example, JP-A-10-25730), or natural stone or pseudo-stone on the bottom plate. It was just arranged (for example, JP-A-8-120655). Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-25730 discloses a structure example in which an overflow wall (partition wall) is provided in the transverse direction and a notch is provided near one side wall to cause overflow, but the rising angle of the overflow wall is increased. When the flow rate increased suddenly, it became a separated flow, which made it difficult to move fish.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本出願人が先に特願平
8-97121号で提案した魚道ブロック及びそれを用いた河
床構造は、ブロックの表面にその表面を流れる水が集中
して澪(みお)を形成するように石又は擬石等による凸部
を配置した魚道ブロックと、この魚道ブロックを水流方
向に配置して澪筋を形成し該澪筋に水を導くようにした
全断面魚道であった。このような魚道ブロックの開発は
施工が１/１０以下の緩やかな勾配の場所に施工して行
われていた。魚道の勾配は緩いほど望ましいと考えられ
るが、そのような緩やかな勾配とすることが出来ない施
工場所も存在している。そこで、魚道ブロックを最大１
/５程度の勾配に対応できるようにすることを検討し
た。１/５程度の勾配に対応させると施工区間を短縮で
きる。しかし、流速が速くなるため減勢作用をもたらす
必要がある。また、流量が増加した場合でも剥離流とな
らないで魚類の移動が容易な魚道ブロックを提供するこ
ととした。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present applicant has previously filed Japanese Patent Application
The fishway block proposed in No. 8-97121 and the riverbed structure using it arranged convex parts such as stones or pseudo stones so that the water flowing on the surface was concentrated on the surface of the block and formed Mio The fishway block was a fishway block, and the fishway block was arranged in the direction of the water flow to form a mosaic line, and the waterway was guided to the entire cross-section. The development of such a fishway block was carried out by constructing it on a gentle slope of 1/10 or less. It is considered that the lower the slope of the fishway, the better. However, there are construction sites where such a gentle slope is not possible. Therefore, up to 1 fishway block
We considered to be able to cope with a gradient of about / 5. The construction section can be shortened if it is made to correspond to a gradient of about 1/5. However, since the flow velocity is high, it is necessary to provide a deenergizing effect. In addition, a fishway block is provided which does not become a separated flow even when the flow rate increases and allows easy movement of fish.
【０００４】[0004]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を検討した結
果、流速が速くなることを防ぐために、本発明では小型
落差を連続させるプールタイプ魚道とし、流速の低減と
水深の確保に配慮して下記の構成とした。すなわち、一
側から他側に越流壁を横断方向に形成して越流壁上流側
にプールを設け、該越流壁を横断方向に傾斜させ、流量
減少時にも越流壁の低い部分に水流を集中させ魚類の移
動を可能にするとともに、越流壁表面に擬石模様などの
凹凸を形成し、越流部水流の減勢を可能とした魚道ブロ
ックである。As a result of examining the above problems, in order to prevent the flow velocity from increasing, in the present invention, a pool type fishway with a continuous small head is used. Configuration. That is, the overflow wall is formed in the transverse direction from one side to the other side, a pool is provided on the upstream side of the overflow wall, and the overflow wall is inclined in the transverse direction, so that even when the flow rate decreases, the overflow wall is formed in a lower part of the overflow wall. It is a fishway block that concentrates water flow and enables fish to move, and also forms irregularities such as a pseudo-stone pattern on the overflow wall surface to reduce the overflow water flow.
【０００５】この魚道ブロックの越流壁頭頂部は凹凸形
状とし、流況に多様性を付加した。越流壁側面勾配は横
断的に変化させ、非越流部を急勾配、越流部付近を緩勾
配に形成し、非越流部においては水流の減勢、越流部付
近においては剥離流を防止するようにした。The top of the overflow wall of the fishway block has an uneven shape to add variety to the flow condition. The slope of the side of the overflow wall is changed transversely, forming a steep slope at the non-overflow section, a gentle slope near the overflow section, a reduction in water flow at the non-overflow section, and a separated flow near the overflow section. Was prevented.
【０００６】また、越流壁表面に、水流方向に直交する
畝状凹凸面を形成し、越流部の減勢を可能にするととも
に、プール底面を凹凸形状とし、粗度を増大させること
で水流の減勢を可能とした。このような魚道ブロックは
ブロック内壁に生物の棲息穴を設けたり、水生植物の繁
殖を可能にすることができる。Also, a ridge-shaped uneven surface perpendicular to the water flow direction is formed on the overflow wall surface to reduce the power of the overflow portion, and the bottom surface of the pool is made uneven to increase the roughness. Water flow was reduced. Such a fishway block can provide a habitat for living things on the inner wall of the block or enable the propagation of aquatic plants.
【０００７】水流方向にこの魚道ブロックを連接して魚
道構造するに際しては、１乃至数個のブロック毎に設置
方向を反転させて越流方向を変化させ、堰上げ作用によ
る水深増大と、蛇行による流速の低減をすることができ
る。When connecting the fishway blocks in the direction of the water flow to form a fishway structure, the installation direction is reversed every one or several blocks to change the overflow direction, and the water depth increases due to the weir action and the meandering occurs. The flow velocity can be reduced.
【０００８】澪筋を形成するブロック、水流の方向設定
を行うブロック、静穏域を形成するブロック、平瀬を形
成するブロックのいずれか又は総てと前記魚道ブロック
のいずれかとを組合わせて全断面魚道を形成した。[0008] Any one of the blocks forming the streaks, the blocks for setting the direction of the water flow, the blocks forming the calm area, the blocks forming the hills, or any of the above fishway blocks is combined with any one of the fishway blocks to form a full-section fishway. Was formed.
【０００９】[0009]
【発明の実施の形態】図１は本発明実施例の魚道ブロッ
クの斜視図、図２は平面図、図３は正面図である。これ
らの図によって明らかなように、本発明の魚道ブロック
は、方形の底版１上の一側(一方の側)1aから他側(他方
の側)1bに越流壁３を横断方向に形成し、かつ、一側も
他側も自然石又は擬石により水が側面から漏れない高さ
の非越流部2a,2bとし、越流壁３の上流と下流側にプー
ル４を形成している。1 is a perspective view of a fishway block according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view, and FIG. 3 is a front view. As is apparent from these figures, the fishway block of the present invention has an overflow wall 3 formed in a transverse direction from one side (one side) 1a on the square bottom plate 1 to the other side (the other side) 1b. In addition, both one side and the other side are non-overflow portions 2a and 2b having a height such that water does not leak from the side surfaces by natural stones or pseudo-stones, and pools 4 are formed upstream and downstream of the overflow wall 3.
【００１０】該越流壁３は横断方向に傾斜させ、図４に
示すように流量減少時にも越流壁３の低い部分、すなわ
ち越流部3aに水流を集中させ魚類の移動を可能にしてい
る。このとき、越流壁３の非越流部下流に止水域５が生
じ魚類の休息場所となる。このような場所には壁面へ生
物の棲息穴を設けるとよい。The overflow wall 3 is inclined in the transverse direction, so that even when the flow rate decreases, the water flow is concentrated on the lower part of the overflow wall 3, that is, the overflow part 3a, so that the fish can move. I have. At this time, a water-stop zone 5 is formed downstream of the non-overflow portion of the overflow wall 3 and serves as a resting place for fish. In such a place, it is good to provide a living hole for living things on the wall.
【００１１】この魚道ブロックの越流壁頭頂部は凹凸形
状として、流況に多様性を付加している。すなわち、越
流壁側面勾配は横断的に変化させ、非越流部を急勾配、
越流部付近を緩勾配に形成し、非越流部においては水流
の減勢、越流部付近においては剥離流を防止するように
した。越流部3aが図５(a)のように急勾配に形成されて
いると、越流部表面と水流の剥離が生じる。そこで本発
明では図５(b)のように越流部の傾斜を緩やかにして水
流の剥離を防ぐようにしている。The top of the overflow wall of the fishway block has an uneven shape to add variety to the flow condition. In other words, the slope of the overflow wall side is changed transversely, and the non-overflow section has a steep slope,
The vicinity of the overflow section is formed with a gentle gradient, and the deceleration of the water flow in the non-overflow section and the separation flow in the vicinity of the overflow section are prevented. If the overflow section 3a is formed with a steep slope as shown in FIG. 5A, separation of the water flow from the overflow section surface occurs. Therefore, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5 (b), the inclination of the overflow portion is made gentle to prevent separation of the water flow.
【００１２】水流方向にこの魚道ブロックを連接して魚
道構造するに際し、１乃至数ブロック毎に設置方向を反
転させて越流方向を変化させると、堰上げ作用による水
深増大と、蛇行による流速の低減をすることができる。
図６はその様子を示している。この例では１ブロック毎
に設置方向を反転させて越流位置を左右交互に設定する
ことにより、堰上げ効果による水深増大と、蛇行による
流速の低減を図っている。When the fishway blocks are connected in the direction of the water flow to form a fishway structure, if the installation direction is reversed every one or several blocks to change the overflow direction, the water depth increases due to the weir action, and the flow velocity due to meandering increases. Reduction can be achieved.
FIG. 6 shows this state. In this example, the installation direction is reversed for each block and the overflow position is set alternately on the left and right, thereby increasing the water depth due to the weir effect and reducing the flow velocity due to meandering.
【００１３】本発明の魚道ブロックは更に他の構造を有
するブロックと組合わせて全断面魚道を形成することが
できる。図７はその様子を示す平面図である、澪筋を形
成するブロック６、水流の方向設定を行うブロック７、
静穏域を形成するブロック８、平瀬を形成するブロック
９を適宜組み合わせ配置することによって、水深が変化
しても水生生物に最適な環境を提供することができる。The fishway block of the present invention can be combined with a block having another structure to form a full-section fishway. FIG. 7 is a plan view showing the situation, a block 6 for forming a line, a block 7 for setting the direction of water flow,
By appropriately combining and arranging the block 8 forming the calm area and the block 9 forming the Hirase, an optimum environment for aquatic organisms can be provided even when the water depth changes.
【００１４】[0014]
【発明の効果】本発明の魚道ブロックは、緩い勾配に用
いることは当然できるが、減勢作用と流量が増加した場
合でも剥離流とならないので、最大１/５程度の勾配に
対応でき、かつ魚類の移動が可能である。流量の多寡に
かかわらず魚類の遡上ができる。１/５程度の勾配に対
応させると施工区間を短縮でき、施工費の低減が可能と
なる。The fishway block of the present invention can of course be used for a gentle gradient, but since it does not become a separated flow even when the flow rate increases and the deenergizing action, it can cope with a maximum gradient of about 1/5, and Fish can be moved. Fish can go upstream regardless of the flow rate. If it is made to correspond to a gradient of about 1/5, the construction section can be shortened, and the construction cost can be reduced.
【図１】本発明実施例の魚道ブロックの斜視図である。FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fishway block according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明実施例の魚道ブロックの平面図である。FIG. 2 is a plan view of a fishway block according to the embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】本発明実施例の魚道ブロックの正面図である。FIG. 3 is a front view of a fishway block according to the embodiment of the present invention.
【図４】流量減少時の様子を示す正面図である。FIG. 4 is a front view showing a state when the flow rate is reduced.
【図５】(a)は越流壁から水流の剥離が生じている様子
を示す断面図であり、(b)は越流壁からの水流の剥離が
生じていない本発明の様子を示す断面図である。FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view illustrating a state in which water flow is separated from an overflow wall, and FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view illustrating a state of the present invention in which water flow is not separated from the overflow wall. FIG.
【図６】本発明実施例の魚道ブロックの設置方向を反転
させて越流位置を左右交互に設定した例の斜視図であ
る。FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an example in which the installation direction of the fishway block of the embodiment of the present invention is reversed and the overflow position is set alternately on the left and right.
【図７】他の構造を有するブロックと組合わせて全断面
魚道を形成した例の平面図である。FIG. 7 is a plan view of an example in which a fishway of all cross-sections is formed in combination with a block having another structure.
１ 底版 2a,2b 非越流部 ３ 越流壁 ４ プール ５ 止水域 ６ 澪筋を形成するブロック ７ 水流の方向設定を行うブロック ８ 静穏域を形成するブロック ９ 平瀬を形成するブロック DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Bottom plate 2a, 2b Non-overflow part 3 Overflow wall 4 Pool 5 Water stoppage area 6 Block which forms a flow path 7 Block which sets the direction of water flow 8 Block which forms a calm area 9 Block which forms a hill
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 前野 詩朗 岡山県岡山市津島中３−３−１ 岡山大学 環境理工学部内 (72)発明者 里本 公明 岡山県岡山市津島中３−３−１ 岡山大学 環境理工学部内 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Shiro Maeno 3-3-1 Tsushimanaka, Okayama City, Okayama Prefecture Inside of the Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology, Okayama University (72) Inventor Kimiaki Satomoto 3-3-1 Tsushimanaka, Okayama City, Okayama Prefecture Okayama University Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology
Claims (7)
して越流壁上流側にプールを設け、該越流壁を横断方向
に傾斜させ、流量減少時にも越流壁の低い部分に水流を
集中させ魚類の移動を可能にするとともに、越流壁表面
に擬石模様などの凹凸を形成し、越流部水流の減勢を可
能とした魚道ブロック。1. An overflow wall is formed in a transverse direction from one side to the other side, and a pool is provided on an upstream side of the overflow wall. The overflow wall is inclined in a transverse direction so that the overflow wall is formed even when the flow rate decreases. A fishway block that concentrates the water flow on the lower part and enables fish to move, and also forms irregularities such as pseudo-stone patterns on the overflow wall surface to reduce the flow of water in the overflow area.
多様性を付加した請求項１記載の魚道ブロック。2. The fishway block according to claim 1, wherein the top of the overflow wall has an uneven shape to add diversity to the flow condition.
越流部を急勾配、越流部付近を緩勾配に形成し、非越流
部においては水流の減勢、越流部付近においては剥離流
を防止するようにした請求項１記載の魚道ブロック。3. The side wall gradient of the overflow wall is changed transversely to form a steep slope at the non-overflow portion and a gentle slope near the overflow portion. 2. The fishway block according to claim 1, wherein a separation flow is prevented in the vicinity.
させることで水流の減勢を可能とした請求項１記載の魚
道ブロック。4. The fishway block according to claim 1, wherein the bottom surface of the pool is made uneven so that the water flow can be reduced by increasing the roughness.
求項１乃至５のいずれかに記載の魚道ブロック。5. The fishway block according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a living hole for living things is provided on the inner wall of the block.
クを連接するに際し、１乃至数ブロック毎に設置方向を
反転させて越流方向を変化させ、堰上げ作用による水深
増大と、蛇行による流速の低減を可能にした魚道構造。6. When connecting the blocks according to claims 1 to 3 in the direction of water flow, the installation direction is reversed every one to several blocks to change the overflow direction, and the water depth is increased by the weir action and the meandering is performed. Fishway structure that enables a reduction in flow velocity.
方向設定を行うブロック、静穏域を形成するブロック、
平瀬を形成するブロックのいずれか又は総てと請求項１
乃至５記載の魚道ブロックのいずれかとを組合わせて全
断面魚道を形成してなる河床構造。7. A block for forming a Mio streak, a block for setting a direction of water flow, a block for forming a calm area,
Claim 1 with any or all of the blocks forming Hirase
A riverbed structure formed by combining any one of the fishway blocks according to any one of claims 5 to 5 to form a fishway of all cross-sections.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26299199A JP4087536B2 (en) | 1999-09-17 | 1999-09-17 | Fishway block and fishway structure and riverbed structure using it |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26299199A JP4087536B2 (en) | 1999-09-17 | 1999-09-17 | Fishway block and fishway structure and riverbed structure using it |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001081765A true JP2001081765A (en) | 2001-03-27 |
| JP4087536B2 JP4087536B2 (en) | 2008-05-21 |
Family
ID=17383390
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26299199A Expired - Fee Related JP4087536B2 (en) | 1999-09-17 | 1999-09-17 | Fishway block and fishway structure and riverbed structure using it |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4087536B2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015079388A1 (en) | 2013-11-27 | 2015-06-04 | Animals Way Społka Akcyjna | A fishway and a method of constructing a fishway |
| CN105220664A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2016-01-06 | 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 | There is the ecological fishway of multistage flow passage |
| CN115852910A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-03-28 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Modular fish slope structure, design method and construction method thereof |
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1999
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015079388A1 (en) | 2013-11-27 | 2015-06-04 | Animals Way Społka Akcyjna | A fishway and a method of constructing a fishway |
| CN105220664A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2016-01-06 | 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 | There is the ecological fishway of multistage flow passage |
| CN115852910A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-03-28 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Modular fish slope structure, design method and construction method thereof |
| CN115852910B (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2024-05-10 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Modularized fish slope structure, design method and construction method thereof |
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