JP2001069830A - Fixed quantity intermittent fertilizing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fertilizing apparatus capable of intermittently supplying a definite small quantity of fertilizer necessary for and absorbable by a crop. SOLUTION: The objective fixed quantity intermittent fertilizing apparatus 10 is provided with a hopper 11 holding granular fertilizer 12 and having a dropping hole 16 for the fertilizer opened at its lower end, a stirring member 13 having plural stirring blades 14, placed in the hopper, fluidizing the fertilizer 12 by rotation and transferring the fluidized fertilizer to the dropping hole 16 and a rotating means 18 for intermittently rotating the stirring member 13.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an automatic fertilizer, and more particularly, to a fertilizer that accurately measures a small amount of fertilizer.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the production of field crops such as vegetables, tractors of various sizes, such as large and small tractors, are widely used for cultivating soil and spraying fertilizers, and are extremely efficient. these,
The work before seeding improves the ideal soil structure with both air permeability and water retention, and improves the chemical properties such as PH and base balance.Furthermore, the soil is cultivated by the fertilizer application mounted on the tillage machine. Efforts are being made to increase the productivity of field crops by spreading compost, chemical fertilizers and soil conditioners on the entire surface.

[0003] Generally, these fertilization operations are spread over the entire field and are cultivated with a tractor or the like to average the fertilizer concentration. At that time, there was a problem that the phosphoric acid component was combined with the metal in the soil and immobilized, resulting in an invalid fertilizer that could not be absorbed by the crop.

[0004] Fertilizers applied to the field are absorbed into soil as active ingredients such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium, and are absorbed from the roots of the crop. Only within the roots, only a certain amount necessary for the growth of each crop is absorbed.

[0005] For this reason, most of the fertilizer sown on the entire arable land is not absorbed by the crops but becomes residual fertilizer. These residual fertilizers are washed away by rainwater, etc., and flow into rivers and lakes, causing eutrophication and adverse environmental effects on the biota. In addition, the consumption of fertilizers more than necessary raises the production cost of field crops.

According to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-28008,
Fertilizer is inserted into the soil to guide the fertilizer, and the fertilizer is applied in the ridge as shown in FIG. It has been proposed.

[0007] However, in this method, since fertilization is applied, there is a problem that fertilizer is applied in an amount larger than that required by the crop. For this reason, the present situation has not solved the environmental pollution problem of the residual fertilizer and the uneconomical effect due to the large consumption of the fertilizer.

In order to eliminate these residual fertilizers, the crop can be absorbed in such an amount that the crop can be absorbed in a range in which the roots of the crop can be extended.
Since the amount was very small, it was difficult with a conventional agricultural working machine. It is possible to apply a small amount of fertilizer to each crop according to the human hand, but in the case of carrots in vegetable production, for example, more than 30,000 seeds per 1 are are grown and seeded. But it was impossible with human power.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and is directed to a fertilizer apparatus capable of intermittently supplying a small amount of a small amount of fertilizer required and absorbed by a crop. It is an object of the present invention to provide a mechanism that can be fertilized in a lump just below a seed within an absorption range of a root.

It is another object of the present invention to prevent the problem of contamination of residual fertilizer by minimizing the required fertilization and to reduce the total fertilizer consumption to improve productivity.

Further, by utilizing this intermittent quantitative fertilizing mechanism, a seeding mechanism, a mulching mechanism, and the like are combined, and these operations are performed at the same time, thereby greatly reducing labor time and labor and improving economic efficiency. And

[0012]

According to the present invention, there is provided an intermittent quantitative fertilizer, comprising: a hopper having a granular fertilizer accommodated therein and having a drop opening for the granular fertilizer at a lower end thereof; A stirring member is provided in the hopper having stirring blades, and is provided with a stirring member for fluidizing the granular fertilizer by rotation and guiding the fertilizer to a drop port, and rotating means for intermittently rotating the stirring member. .

A second aspect of the present invention is the invention according to the first aspect, wherein the hopper is provided with an opening / closing member for adjusting an opening amount of the drop port.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, the fertilizer application pipe according to the first or second aspect is provided with the fertilizer application pipe that communicates with the drop port and guides the particulate fertilizer into the soil. It is characterized by.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the control means is provided with the stirring member which fluidizes the granular fertilizer by rotation and guides the fertilizer to the drop port, and the rotating means for intermittently rotating the stirring member. A small amount of fertilizer can be applied accurately at regular intervals according to the signal from. Therefore, a small amount of fertilizer that can be absorbed by the crop can be applied to the rhizosphere that can be absorbed by the crop, so that environmental pollution due to residual fertilizer can be prevented, and the consumption of fertilizer can be reduced by half.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, an appropriate amount of fertilizer can be applied according to the crop and the type of fertilizer by adjusting the opening amount of the falling port.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the fertilizer application pipe for guiding the granular fertilizer into the soil is provided,
Fertilizer can be fertilized directly in a mass within the absorption range of the crop root, and has a small contact surface with the soil, and is effective in a form that is not fixed to the metal in the soil but absorbed with the growth of the crop root Can be acted upon.

[0018]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The embodiment is not limited to the following description, and can be used for a combined operation according to a crop type production method.

The intermittent quantitative fertilizer 10 shown in FIG. 1 and FIG.
Is provided with a hopper 11 in which a dropping port 16 of the powdered and granular fertilizer 12 is opened at a lower end portion and a plurality of stirring blades 14 and is provided in the hopper 11, and is provided in the hopper 11 by rotation. The apparatus includes a stirring member 13 for fluidizing the 12 and guiding it to the drop port 16, and a rotating unit 18 for intermittently rotating the stirring member 13.

The popper 11 for accommodating the granular fertilizer 12
The powdered and granular fertilizer 12 falls by its weight and is collected at the drop port 16 in a form in which the lower part of the inverted square pyramid is squeezed.
The popper 11 is not limited to a quadrangular pyramid as long as the lower portion is formed in a substantially funnel shape with a narrowed lower portion, and may be a polygonal pyramid, a cone, or the like.

The dropping port 16 communicates with a fertilizer application pipe 17 and is opened to a size for dropping a fixed amount of the granular fertilizer 12. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, in order to adjust the opening amount, an opening / closing plate 16a and an opening / closing screw 16b for sliding the opening / closing plate 16a are attached to the hopper 11 by an opening adjusting plate 16c. By tightening the opening / closing screw 16b, the opening amount of the drop opening 16 can be reduced, and by loosening the opening / closing screw 16b, the opening amount can be increased to adjust the falling amount of the granular fertilizer 12.

Normally, field crops are produced by sowing several rows on one ridge. For this reason, it is possible to provide a form in which a plurality of dropping ports 16 are provided for one hopper 11 and fertilizing is applied to several seeding positions by the fertilizing pipes 17 communicated with each of them (not shown).

The stirring member 13 includes a rotating shaft 15 rotatably mounted in the popper 11 and a plurality of stirring blades 14 mounted on the rotating shaft 15. Stirring blade 1
4 can select a blade form suitable for powder fluidization according to the viscosity and frictional resistance of the powder of the granular fertilizer 12. Also,
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, four blades are used, but one blade may be used.

The stirring member 13 for applying fertilizer corresponding to each of the crops is provided with a motor 18 constituting the rotating means 18.
The rotation shaft 15 is rotatably connected to the drive belt 18 and the rotation means 18 intermittently stops rotating by the electric signal of the control means 50, so that the stirring member 13 stops rotating, and the powdered fertilizer 12 is removed. It functions to intermittently fluidize and guide a certain amount to the drop port 16.

FIG. 3 shows a combined agricultural work apparatus 100 showing an embodiment using the intermittent fixed amount fertilizer according to the present invention, in which a tow rod 2 for connecting and towing a tractor (not shown) or the like is pulled forward. On the base 1 provided, an intermittent quantitative fertilizer 10, a seeder 20, and a multi-film laying machine 3 are installed from the front.
0, a control means for synchronizing the operations of the intermittent quantitative fertilizer 10, the seeding machine 20 and the multi-film laying machine 30, and an earthing disk 40 is provided at the rear end.

This combined agricultural working apparatus 100 is provided with a sowing pipe 21 and a fixed amount of seeds 25 are supplied at regular intervals to the cultivated soil surface 3.
And a fertilizing pipe 17 provided in front of the sowing machine 20 and inserted into the cultivated soil 3a deeper than the tip of the sowing pipe 21. The fertilizer pipe 17 is supplied with a fixed amount of fertilizer 12 at regular intervals. Intermittent quantitative fertilizer 10 sprayed from the tip, and seeding holes 32 are opened at regular intervals,
A multi-film laying machine 30 having a multi-film 31 for covering the sowed ridges 3b for heat retention, water retention, and weed control, and a multi-film laying machine 30 provided behind the sowing machine 20 and a soil hung for covering both ends of the multi-film 31. And a control means 50 for sowing the seeds on the cultivated soil surface 3 immediately above the fertilized fertilizer 12 and synchronizing the seeding holes 32 of the multi-film 31 so as to be above the seeding position. ing.

The seeding machine 20 shown in FIG. 3 includes a seed hopper 22 for storing seeds 25, and a seed drop opening 26 opened at the lower part of the seed hopper 22 and provided in communication with the seeding pipe.
A shirt star 24 provided to close the seed drop opening 25, and a solenoid 23 for opening and closing the shirt star 24.
And The solenoid 23 opens the shirt 24 in response to an electric signal from the control means 50 and performs a function of sowing a certain amount of seeds 25.

The multi-film laying machine 30 shown in FIG.
A roll support rod 33 provided on the base 1, a winding roller 34 provided on an upper end of the roll support rod 33, a multi-film roll 35 mounted on the winding roller 34 so as to be able to be fed out, and a lower part of the base 1. Roll 3 that is provided so as to rotate by friction with the ridge 3b and crushes the fed multi-film 31 while laying it on the ridge 3b.
7 and a microswitch 36 attached to the roll support bar 33 so as to face and contact the unwound multi-film 31 toward the pressure reduction roll 37.

The micro switch 36 faces the unwound multi-film 31 toward the pressure-reducing roll 37, and outputs an ON signal when the seeding hole 32 formed in the multi-film 31 is at the top, and outputs an OFF signal when it passes therethrough. The wiring L1 to be transmitted to the control means 50 is connected.

Next, a combined operation using the combined agricultural working apparatus 100 equipped with the intermittent quantitative fertilizer 10 will be described. The composite agricultural working apparatus 100 pulled by a tractor or a tiller advances the ridge-formed ridge surface 3b in the direction of arrow N shown in FIG. Seeding holes 32 of a size suitable for crops are formed in advance in the mounted multi-film 31 linearly in the traveling direction at intervals of 10 to 30 cm.

The multi-film 31 is unwound from a winding roller 34, passes under a pressure-reducing roll 37, adheres closely to the surface of the ridge 3b,
The soil is hung on both ends of 1 and fixed.

The multi-film 31 is wound around the roller 3
4 and the seeding hole 32 opened in the multi-film 31 comes to the position of the development dimension A from the point where the multi-film 31 comes into contact with the ridge surface, the micro switch 3
6 operates to transmit an ON signal to the control means 50 through the wiring L1.

The control means 50, which has received the ON signal from the microswitch 36, supplies a current through the wiring L2, rotates the rotating means 18 for a preset time, operates the stirring member 13 of the intermittent quantitative fertilizer 10, and sets the powder. Granulated fertilizer 12
Is fluidized and a certain amount is fertilized in the cultivated soil 3a through the dropping port 16 through the fertilizing pipe 17. At the same time, a current is passed through the wiring L3, the solenoid 23 of the seeding machine 20 is operated, the shutter 24 is opened, and the seed 25 is sown on the cultivated soil surface 3 through the seed pipe 21.

At this time, 10 to 30 are applied to the multi-film 31.
Synchronization is performed so that fertilization and seeding are performed immediately below the seeding holes 32 opened at centimeter intervals. Therefore, the microswitch 36 for sensing the seeding hole 32 and the detected seeding hole 3
2 is equal to or equal to the development dimension A until the seeding pipe 21 of the seeding machine 20 or the dimension A up to the fertilizing pipe 17 of the intermittent quantitative fertilizer 10 is reached. It is mounted so that it becomes the size of.

The case of sowing ginseng is as follows. When sowing 10 cm between plants, working at 1 km / h, the speed of the compound agricultural machine 100 is 0.27 m / s.
Proceed with. Since the fertilizer sowing interval is 10 cm,
Fertilization and sowing are repeated intermittently once every 0.37 seconds. For this reason, the intermittent quantitative fertilizer 10 is required to supply a predetermined amount of fertilizer from the drop port 16 when the operation is stopped for 0.3 seconds or less.

The intermittent quantitative fertilizer 10 of the present invention performs an experiment in which a fixed amount of fertilizer is intermittently applied within a short time as described above by the stirring member 13 forcibly fluidizing the granular fertilizer 12. Has been verified.

[0037]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, since there is provided a stirring member for fluidizing the granular fertilizer by rotation and guiding the fertilizer to the falling port, and a rotating means for intermittently rotating the stirring member, According to the signal from the control means, a minute amount of fertilizer can be accurately sprayed from the tip of the fertilizing pipe at regular intervals. For this reason, a small amount of fertilizer that can be absorbed by the crop and that can be absorbed can be applied in a lump just below the seeds within the absorption range of the crop root, preventing environmental pollution due to residual fertilizer and halving fertilizer consumption. Can be done.

According to the second aspect of the invention, by adjusting the opening amount of the falling port, it is possible to apply an appropriate amount of fertilizer according to the crop and the type of fertilizer.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the fertilizer application pipe for guiding the granular fertilizer into the soil is provided,
Fertilizer can be fertilized directly in a mass within the absorption range of the crop root, and has a small contact surface with the soil, and is effective in a form that is not fixed to the metal in the soil but absorbed with the growth of the crop root Can be acted upon.

According to the combined agricultural working machine equipped with the intermittent fixed amount fertilizer according to the present invention and combined with a sowing mechanism and a mulching mechanism, these operations can be performed simultaneously, so that the labor time and labor can be greatly reduced. Since there is no need to prepare a dedicated machine, the equipment cost is economical.

Further, the fertilizer application pipe is disposed in front of the seeding pipe, is inserted into the cultivated soil deeper than the tip of the seeding pipe, and has control means for synchronizing the fertilizer pipe. A certain amount of fertilizer is sprayed from the tip of the fertilizer pipe at intervals, and is sown on the cultivated soil surface immediately above the fertilized fertilizer, and the multi-film is laid so that the seed hole of the multi-film is above the seeding position Can be.

Further, even if the fertilizer is mixed with the soil such as a phosphoric acid component, it is combined with the metal in the soil to be fixed and cannot be absorbed by the crop. Can be effectively acted on in a form that is absorbed with the growth of.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of an intermittent quantitative fertilizer application apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the intermittent fixed amount fertilizer according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a side view of a combined agricultural working machine equipped with the intermittent fixed amount fertilizer according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a ridge subjected to fertilization by a combined agricultural working machine equipped with an intermittent quantitative fertilizer application device of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a ridge subjected to fertilization according to a conventional technique.

[Explanation of symbols]

 A deployment dimensions L1,2,3 wiring N traveling direction arrow 1 base 2 tow rod 3 cultivated soil surface 3a cultivated soil 3b ridge 10 intermittent quantitative fertilizer 11 hopper 12 powdered fertilizer 13 stirring member 14 stirring blade 15 rotating shaft 16 Drop opening 16a Opening / closing plate 16b Opening / closing screw 16c Opening adjusting section 17 Fertilizer application pipe 18 Rotating means 18b Drive belt 20 Seeding machine 21 Seeding pipe 22 Seed hopper 23 Solenoid 24 Shutter 25 Seed 26 Seed dropping port 30 Multi-film laying machine 31 Multi-film 32 Seeding Hole 33 Roll support rod 34 Winding roll 35 Multi-film roll 36 Micro switch 37 Squeezing roll 40 Mounting disk 50 Control means 100 Complex agricultural work machine

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A hopper having a granular fertilizer accommodated therein and having a drop opening for the granular fertilizer at a lower end thereof, and a plurality of agitating blades provided in the hopper to flow the granular fertilizer by rotation. An intermittent quantitative fertilizer, comprising: a stirring member which is turned into a falling port and intermittently rotating the stirring member. 2. The intermittent fixed-rate fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the hopper includes an opening / closing member for adjusting an opening amount of the drop port. 3. The intermittent fixed amount fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein a fertilizer application pipe is provided in the hopper so as to communicate the powdered fertilizer into the soil in communication with the falling port.