JP2001059329A - Tile, tiled wall, and construction method for tiled wall - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To ensure the failsafe connection between concrete and a tile by providing a concrete adhesion prevention layer on a back face in contact with the concrete and the back leg face of a back leg projecting from the back face. SOLUTION: A back leg 5 whose height h1 of the root portion 7 is 1/10-2/10 of the height H of a tile body 2 and projection width (d) is 1/5-2 times of the width D of the tile body 2 is horizontally projected to the back face 3 of the tile body 2. The back face 3 and the rear leg face 6 of the tile 1 are covered with a concrete adhesion prevention layer 4 composed of natural rubber, synthetic rubber, natural resin, synthetic resin, asphalt, paper, cloth, a water repellent material, or paraffin. This tile 1 is so stuck that the back face 3 becomes flush with the concrete face. This constitution can ensure the failsafe connection between the concrete and the tile 1.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tile used for a wall of a building, a tiled wall using the tile, and a method of constructing the tiled wall.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The method of attaching tiles to the walls of a building is roughly divided into a method of attaching the tiles using a mortar after the concrete has hardened, and a method of applying concrete in a state where the tiles are attached to a formwork. There are three methods: an installation method in which the tile and the concrete are bonded together with the concrete being poured, and a dry method in which the tile is attached by using hardware after the concrete is hardened.

[0003]

In the post-pasting method, the interface between the mortar for the foundation of the tile and the concrete, the interface between the mortar for the foundation and the mortar for applying the tile, and the interface between the mortar applied to the tile and the mortar for applying the tile are used. The tiles are bonded to the concrete wall, making up many interfaces, such as the interface between the painted mortar and the tile.

As a result, if any interface has a weak point,
From there, peeling and peeling may occur, and peeling of tiles and mortar may occur. In the driving method, the tile is directly bonded to the concrete, and there is only one interface between the concrete and the tile. Therefore, the possibility that the weak point of the interface occurs is smaller than that of the post-applied tile.

[0005] However, when the state in which the concrete does not easily turn to the back surface of the tile occurs, the adhesion between the concrete and the tile becomes insufficient, and the tile may peel or peel off. Since both the post-pasting method and the driving method are methods of bonding and integrating the concrete frame and tile, if the concrete cracks due to drying shrinkage or external force, the tile will also crack. Or the tiles peel off or fall off.

On the other hand, the dry construction method has a structure in which a metal fitting for attaching a tile to concrete and a tile is placed on the metal fitting.
No peeling or peeling of tiles occurs. Also, even if cracks occur in concrete, the effect does not extend to tiles,
No peeling or peeling of tiles occurs.

[0007] However, the dry method requires extra time and materials for mounting hardware, and is expensive. Also,
The tile itself is a highly durable material, but the durability of this method is governed by the durability of the hardware.

[0008] As described above, the conventional tile methods each have a quality weakness and a cost problem. The present invention has been made to solve such a conventional problem,
Its purpose is to ensure that the connection between the concrete and the tile is secure and fail-safe, and to integrate the concrete with the tile, to make the concrete wall and tiled wall using durable and inexpensive tiles and tiles. It is an object of the present invention to provide a construction method.

[0009]

The invention according to claim 1 is
The present invention is characterized in that a concrete adhesion preventing layer is formed on a back surface and a sole foot surface in contact with concrete, a sole leg projecting in a horizontal or vertical direction is provided, and the sole foot surface is constituted by a flat part. According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the tile according to the first aspect, the concrete adhesion preventing layer has a natural rubber, a synthetic rubber, a natural resin, a synthetic resin, asphalt, paper, cloth, and water repellent on the back surface and the sole foot surface. It is characterized by being formed by covering with a material or paraffin.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the tile according to the first aspect, the height h1 of the base of the sole is 1/10 to 1 to 1 of the height H of the tile body. /
2 is characterized. According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the tile according to the first aspect, the back foot that projects in the horizontal direction has a protrusion width d of the back foot that is 1/5 to twice the width D of the tile body. I do.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the tile according to the first aspect, the soles projecting in the horizontal direction are provided at an angle of 90 degrees or less with respect to the back surface.
According to a sixth aspect of the invention, in the tile according to the first aspect, the height h1 of the base of the sole is smaller than the height h2 of the protruding end of the sole. And

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the tile according to the first aspect, the back foot projecting in the vertical direction is such that a length l1 of the base of the back foot is 1/10 to 1 to 1 of the length L of the tile body. /
2 is characterized. The invention according to claim 8 is characterized in that, in the tile according to claim 1, in the back foot projecting in the vertical direction, the protrusion width d of the back foot is 1/5 to 2 times the width D of the tile body. I do.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the tile according to the first aspect, the back foot projecting in the vertical direction has a length l1 of a base portion of the back foot smaller than a length l2 of a protruding end portion of the back foot. It is characterized by the following. The invention according to claim 10 is the invention according to claim 1.
The tile according to any one of claims 9 to 9,
The tile body has a porosity of 20% by volume to 80% by volume and has heat insulating properties.

According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, the tile according to any one of the first to tenth aspects is adhered such that the back surface is flush with the concrete surface, and the joint is formed between the back surface and the concrete surface. The concrete surface of the joint or the joint portion is recessed toward the center of the wall from the back surface of the tile so as to be connected. Claim 12
In the tiled wall according to the eleventh aspect, the elastic modulus of the joint material is 1/1 / the elastic modulus of the concrete.
5 or less, or the joint material is not used.

According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in the method for constructing a tiled wall according to the eleventh or twelfth aspect,
When the tile is fixed to the formwork surface, the thickness of the tile fixing material attached to the formwork is set to be equal to or greater than the thickness of the tile. According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, in the tile or tile wall according to any one of the first to twelfth aspects, after the tile is fixed to the formwork surface, the slump flow 5 is fixed.
It is characterized by casting high-fluidity concrete of 0 cm or more or medium-fluidity concrete having a slump flow of 35 to 50 cm.

[0016]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on embodiments shown in the drawings. 1 and 2 show a tile 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention (corresponding to claims 1 to 6, and claim 10). Tile 1 according to the present embodiment
Is provided with a concrete adhesion preventing layer 4 on the back surface 3 in order to prevent the tile 1 from cracking, peeling and peeling when the concrete 10 is cracked due to the integration of the concrete 10 and the tile 1.

The concrete adhesion preventing layer 4 is formed by covering the back surface 3 in contact with the concrete 10 with a material that does not adhere to the concrete 10. The material that does not adhere to the concrete covering the back surface 3 is natural rubber, synthetic rubber, natural resin, synthetic resin, asphalt, paper, cloth, a water-repellent material, or paraffin. The material which does not adhere to the concrete is adhered, applied,
It is provided by means such as baking.

Further, in the tile 1 according to the present embodiment, the joint between the concrete 10 and the tile 1 is limited to physical engagement depending on the shape of the back foot 5 of the tile 1 as in the case of the dry tile. For this purpose, a back foot 5 projecting in the horizontal direction is provided on the back surface 3. The sole 5 satisfies the following conditions.

The height h1 of the base 7 of the back foot 5 is 1/10 to 1/2 of the height H of the tile body 2. here,
When the height h1 is smaller than 1 / 10H, the strength of the sole 5 becomes insufficient, and the interface between the sole 5 and the tile 1 may be broken when the concrete 10 is deformed.

Conversely, if the height h1 is larger than 1 / 2H, the sole 5 may be broken when the concrete 10 is deformed. The protrusion width d of the back foot 5 is 1/5 of the width D of the tile body 2.
It is twice. Here, if the protrusion width d is smaller than 1 / 5D, the hooking action of the sole 5 becomes insufficient.

Conversely, when the projection width d is larger than 2D,
The back foot 5 becomes too large and hinders the filling of the wall with concrete. The angle θ1 of the sole 5 with respect to the back surface 2 is 90 degrees or less. Alternatively, the height h1 of the base 7 of the sole 5 is
Is smaller than the height h2 of the protruding end portion 8. Here, θ1 is 9
If it exceeds 0 degrees, the tile 1 cannot be hooked on concrete.

Therefore, the lower limit value of the angle θ1 is determined by the applied wall. If the relationship between h1 and h2 is reversed for the same reason, the tile 1 cannot be hooked on the concrete 10. Therefore,
The lower limit of h1 <h2 is determined by the applied wall. In the tile 1, the porosity of the tile body 2 is 20.
It is not less than 80% by volume and has a heat insulating property.

It is more effective to heat the building outside the concrete frame, and the thermal stress on the frame can be reduced. Therefore, by making the tile 10 porous, a heat-insulating layer also serving as a finish can be formed outside the frame. In this case, the tile 1 is slightly thicker than usual, but in the present embodiment, the tile 1 is securely joined to the concrete 10, so that there is no need to particularly worry about the joining problem.

The porosity of the tile 1 is determined by factors such as the required heat of the tile, the strength of the tile and the durability of the tile. Conditions can be balanced. If it is less than 20% by volume, the strength and durability are good, but the heat insulation is insufficient, and the tile becomes too thick. If it exceeds 80% by volume, heat insulation is good, but strength and durability are insufficient.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the sole 5 for hooking the tile 1 protrudes in the horizontal direction and the sole foot surface 6 is formed of a flat portion, the extrusion molding is performed. And can be easily molded.
In addition, since one back foot 5 for hooking the tile 1 protrudes in the horizontal direction along the length direction of the tile main body 2, it is possible to reliably hook the tile 1 on the concrete 10.

If there are two or more back feet 5, the tiles 1 are hooked by the two back feet 5, which is not preferable because the workability is poor and the balance may be impaired. FIG. 3 shows an example in which an air vent 9 is provided in the sole 5. In this case, even if air pockets are formed at the time of filling concrete, air can be released from the air vent holes 9.

In this case, the same operation and effect as the above embodiment can be obtained. FIG. 4 shows a tile 1A according to the second embodiment of the present invention (corresponding to claim 1, claim 7 to claim 10). The tile 1A according to the present embodiment differs from the tile 1 according to the first embodiment in that the projecting direction of the back foot 5A is a vertical direction.

The sole 5A satisfies the following conditions. The length 11 of the base 7A of the sole 5A is
It is 1/10 to 1/2 of the length L of A. Where the length l
If 1 is smaller than 1 / 10L, the strength of the back foot 5A will be insufficient, and the interface between the back foot 5A and the tile 1A may be broken when the concrete is deformed.

Conversely, if the height l1 is larger than 1 / 2L, when the concrete is deformed, the sole 5A itself may be broken. The protrusion width d of the back foot 5A is 1 / the width D of the tile body 2A.
5 to 2 times. Here, if the protrusion width d is smaller than 1 / 5D, the catching action of the sole 5A becomes insufficient.

Conversely, when the projection width d is larger than 2D,
The back foot 5A becomes too large and hinders filling of the wall with concrete. The length l1 of the base 7A of the sole 5A is smaller than the length l2 of the protruding end 5Ab of the sole 5A. Where l1 and l
When the two are equal, the tile 1A cannot be hooked on the concrete 10.

In this embodiment, the same effects as in the first embodiment can be obtained. FIG. 5 shows a tiled wall 20 according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
1). The tiled wall 20 according to the present embodiment uses the tile 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

The tile 1 is mounted on the surface 10a of the concrete 10 so that the back surface 3 is flush with the surface 10a of the concrete 10. In addition, joint 13
Are also flush with each other so as to be continuous with the back surface 3 and the front surface 10a of the concrete 10.
Has not invaded. Therefore, in the present embodiment, since the joint portions 13 are not restrained by the concrete 10, the deformation of the concrete 10 is not transmitted to the tile 1.

As a result, like a conventional tiled wall,
There is no risk of peeling or peeling of the tile. FIG.
13 shows a tiled wall 20A according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention (corresponding to claim 11). The tiled wall 20A according to the present embodiment uses the tile 1A shown in FIG.

In this embodiment, the same operation and effect as in the third embodiment can be obtained. FIG. 7 shows a method for constructing a tiled wall according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention (corresponding to claims 13 and 14). First, the double-sided tape 31 is attached to the mold 30. Next, the tile fixing material 32 is stuck on the double-sided tape 31.

Next, the tile 1 shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. At this time, the thickness of the tile fixing member 32 is equal to or larger than the thickness of the tile 1. Next, rebar and formwork 33
Assemble. Next, slump flow 50 cm or more of high-fluid concrete or slump flow 35-50 cm
Pour the middle fluid concrete.

Here, compaction with a vibrator is not necessary for high fluidity concrete with a slump flow of 50 cm or more. Medium-fluid concrete requires some compaction such as a form vibrator. Next, the mold is removed. Remove the double-sided tape 31 and the tile fixing member 32.

As described above, the tiled wall 2 shown in FIG.
0 can be obtained. According to the present embodiment, it is possible to ensure the periphery of the concrete on the back surface 3 of the tile 1 in the driving tile method. In this embodiment, the tile 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has been described.
Naturally, the present invention can be implemented with the tile 1A shown in FIG.

In the present invention, the joint material is not necessarily required. However, when a joint material different from concrete is filled, the elastic coefficient of the joint material is set to 1 / the elastic coefficient of concrete.
By setting it to 5 or less, the force exerted on the tile by the deformation of the concrete can be controlled (claim 12).

[0039]

The tile according to the present invention is provided with a layer which does not adhere to the concrete on the back surface of the tile in order to prevent the tile from cracking, peeling and peeling when the concrete is cracked due to the integration of the concrete and the tile. As with dry tiles, the joint between the tiles and the tiles is only a physical hook that depends on the shape of the soles of the tiles, so that the connection between the concrete and the tiles is secure and fail-safe. And a tile that is durable and inexpensive can be obtained.

In the tile-attached wall according to the present invention, since the joints are recessed at the same level as the back surface of the tile and the surface of the concrete or at the center of the wall and the concrete does not enter the joints, the joints are not joined. Is not restrained by the concrete, and the deformation of the concrete is not transmitted to the tiles.
Even when a joint is separately provided, the same effect can be obtained because the elastic modulus of the joint material is 1/5 or less of that of concrete. As a result, unlike a conventional tiled wall, there is no risk of peeling or peeling of the tile.

Further, in the method for constructing a tiled wall according to the present invention, a concrete tile having high fluidity or medium fluidity, which has a significantly higher fluidity than conventional concrete, is used. It is possible to eliminate the weak point of adhesion that would otherwise occur.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a tile according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view in which the tile shown in FIG. 1 is attached to concrete.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view in which the tile shown in FIG. 1 having an air vent hole is attached to concrete.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a tile according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a tiled wall according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a tiled wall according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing a method for constructing a tiled wall according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1A tile 2 Tile main body 3 Back surface 4 Concrete adhesion preventing layer 5 Back foot 6 Back foot surface 7 Base of back foot 5 8 Protruding end of back foot 5 10 Concrete 10a Surface of concrete 10 Joint 13 Adhered wall 30 Formwork 32 Tile fixing material h1 Height of base 7 of sole 5 h2 Height of protruding end 8 of sole 5 H Height of tile body 2 D Width of tile body, width of tile body 2A d Projection width of sole 5 and projection width of sole 5A θ1 Angle of sole 5 with respect to back surface 2 Length of tile body 2A l1 Length of base 6A of sole 5A l2 Projection end 6A of sole 5A Length of

Claims (14)

[Claims] Claims: 1. A back surface and a sole surface in contact with concrete,
A tile comprising a concrete adhesion preventing layer, a back foot protruding in a horizontal or vertical direction, and a back foot surface constituted by a flat portion. 2. The tile according to claim 1, wherein the concrete adhesion preventing layer has a rear surface and a sole foot surface on a natural rubber, a synthetic rubber, a natural resin, a synthetic resin, asphalt, paper, cloth, a water-repellent material or paraffin. A tile formed by covering with a tile. 3. The tile according to claim 1, wherein the soles protruding in the horizontal direction have a height h1 at the base of the soles which is 1/10 to 1/2 of the height H of the tile body. The tile to feature. 4. The tile according to claim 1, wherein in the back foot projecting in the horizontal direction, the protrusion width d of the back foot is 1/5 to 2 times the width D of the tile body. 5. The tile according to claim 1, wherein the soles projecting in the horizontal direction are provided at an angle of 90 degrees or less with respect to the back surface. 6. The tile according to claim 1, wherein the height h1 of the base of the sole is smaller than the height h2 of the protruding end of the sole. . 7. The tile according to claim 1, wherein the sole protruding in the vertical direction has a base length l1 of the sole foot of 1/10 to 1/2 of the length L of the tile body. The tile to feature. 8. The tile according to claim 1, wherein the back foot projecting in the vertical direction has a protrusion width d of the back foot that is 1/5 to 2 times the width D of the tile body. 9. The tile according to claim 1, wherein in the sole protruding in the vertical direction, the length l1 of the base of the sole is smaller than the length l2 of the protruding end of the sole. . 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
Item 7. The tile according to item 1, wherein the tile body has a porosity of 20% by volume to 80% by volume and has heat insulating properties. 11. The tile according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the tile is adhered so that the back surface is flush with the concrete surface, and the joint is flush with the concrete surface so that the joint portion is continuous with the concrete surface. A tiled wall, wherein the joint concrete portion is recessed toward the center of the wall from the back surface of the tile. 12. The tiled wall according to claim 11, wherein the elastic modulus of the joint material is 1/1 / the elastic modulus of the concrete.
5 or less, or no jointing material is used. 13. The method for constructing a tiled wall according to claim 11 or 12, wherein when fixing the tile to the formwork surface, the thickness of the tile fixing material to be attached to the formwork is not less than the thickness of the tile. A method for constructing a tiled wall, comprising: 14. The tile or tile wall according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein after fixing the tile to the formwork surface, a high-fluidity concrete having a slump flow of 50 cm or more or a slump flow of 35 to 50 cm. A method for constructing a tiled wall, comprising casting medium-fluid concrete.