JP2001041241A - Superconductive magnetic levitation device, supercondutive power storing method, and superconductive magnetic bearing examinating method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To further reduce bearing loss and increase power storage efficiency by providing a superconductor, a rotor having a magnet horizontally facing thereto, a generator motor, and a rotation transferring portion for connecting/disconnecting the rotor and the generator motor. SOLUTION: A mechanism for lifting up and down a generator motor 80, an armature 91 of an electromagnetic clutch 90 is mounted to a permanent magnet assembly 70 side between the assembly 70 and the motor 80, a rotor 93 of the clutch 90 is mounted to the motor 80 side, a motor shaft 82 of the motor 80 is extended and used as a centering guide bar 96 for connection with the assembly 70. When the clutch 90 is actuated to set a condition of zero magnetic field cooling during cooling of a high-temperature superconductive bulk body 55, the assembly 70 is levitated in the superconductive state and the motor 80 is located at a rising position during power storage and separates from the assembly 70. Because the assembly 70 is levitated and rotates alone, there are only a superconductive bearing frictional loss and a negligible wind loss due to rotation in high-vacuum container, and an energy loss during the power storage becomes extremely smaller.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a superconducting magnetic levitation apparatus, a superconducting power storage method, and a superconducting magnetic bearing test method, and more particularly, to a superconducting magnetic levitation apparatus in which a rotating body (flywheel) is rotated using a superconducting magnetic bearing. And a superconducting power storage method and a superconducting magnetic bearing test method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a superconducting magnetic levitation apparatus, a flywheel is levitated and rotated at high speed in a non-contact state by a superconducting magnetic bearing using a high-temperature superconductor, thereby storing electric power in the form of rotational energy. Since it rotates in a non-contact state, the loss is small.

A superconducting magnetic bearing has a structure in which a permanent magnet is disposed on a rotating side and a superconductor is disposed on a fixed side, and a rotating body is levitated in a non-contact manner by utilizing a pinning effect of the superconductor. The pinning effect refers to a property that the lines of magnetic force that have entered the superconducting material cannot be moved as if they were fixed with pins. The binding force due to the pinning effect acts in a direction in which the magnetic field is not uniform, and does not act in a uniform direction. Therefore, it is possible to stably levitate the rotating body, in which the ring-shaped permanent magnet is provided on the concentric circle with the rotation axis thereof, in the space, and rotate the rotating body with almost no loss.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the axis of rotation of the superconducting magnetic levitation device. In FIG. 4, the superconducting magnetic bearing is
This is adopted as a superconducting thrust bearing (axial type bearing) 50. The superconducting thrust bearing 50 includes a rotor 60
And the rotor 60 stably floats in the space.

The superconducting thrust bearing 50 has a high temperature superconducting bulk body 10. The high temperature superconducting bulk body 10
It is made of oxide superconducting material and cooled by liquid nitrogen (77
K) has superconductivity. The liquid nitrogen is stored in a liquid nitrogen reservoir 11.

The rotor 60 includes a flywheel ring 1
, A support disk 2, a rotating shaft 3 ′, 4 ′, 6 ′, and a permanent magnet assembly 5, 7, 8, 9. The flywheel ring 1, the support disk 2, and the permanent magnet assemblies 5, 7, 8, 9 are fixed to the rotating shafts 3 ', 4', 6 ', and are integrated with the rotating shafts 3', 4 ', 6'. And rotate.

The flywheel ring 1 is made of CFRP (c
arbon fiber reinforced pl
axles), and is formed in a ring shape.
The support disk 2 is formed in a disk shape. The flywheel ring 1 is fixed to an outer peripheral portion of the support disk 2.

The rotating shafts 3 ', 4', 6 'are connected to the upper shaft 3',
It comprises an intermediate shaft 4 'and a lower shaft 6'. Each shaft 3 ', 4', 6 'has a common axis. The support disk 2 is sandwiched between a lower flange of the upper shaft 3 'and an upper flange of the intermediate shaft 4', and is fixed by a plurality of bolts (not shown).

The permanent magnet assemblies 5, 7, 8, 9 have a thrust collar 5, an inner permanent magnet 7, an outer permanent magnet 8, and an intermediate ring 9. The thrust collar 5 is formed in a disk shape. The thrust collar 5 is sandwiched between a lower flange of the intermediate shaft 4 'and an upper flange of the lower shaft 6', and is fixed by a plurality of bolts (not shown).

A ring-shaped inner permanent magnet 7, an intermediate ring 9, and a ring-shaped outer permanent magnet 8 are fixed to the lower surface of the thrust collar 5 (the surface facing the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 10) in this order from the inner peripheral side. Have been.

The high-temperature superconducting bulk body 10 is arranged below the inner and outer peripheral permanent magnets 7 and 8 with a small space therebetween so as to face each other. Liquid nitrogen for cooling the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 10 is stored in a liquid nitrogen reservoir 11 provided below the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 10. Liquid nitrogen is
It is introduced into the liquid nitrogen reservoir 11 from the outside X through a pipe 12. In the liquid nitrogen reservoir 11, the nitrogen gas evaporated by the heat of intrusion from the outside is discharged to the outside Y through the pipe 13.

The high-temperature superconducting bulk body 10 cooled by liquid nitrogen enters a superconducting state, and generates a stable repulsive force with the permanent magnets 7 and 8 on the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 10.
Thus, the rotating shafts 3 ′, 4 ′, 6 ′ and the permanent magnet assemblies 5, 7, 8, 9 float in a non-contact manner with respect to the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 10. In addition, no resistance force acts in the rotation direction, and the rotation can be freely performed.

The rotating shafts 3 ', 4' and 6 'are supported by an upper radial bearing 14 and a lower radial bearing 15 in the radial direction. The upper radial bearing 14
A rotor 14 a fixed to the upper shaft 3 ′ and a stator 14 b fixed to the casing 19.
And The lower radial bearing 15 has a lower shaft 6 ′
And a stator 15b fixed to the casing 22. Upper radial bearing 1
The magnetic force of each of the 4 and the lower radial bearing 15 is controlled by the control device 24.

The rotating shafts 3 ', 4', and 6 'have their upper ends (upper end of the upper shaft 3' and lower end of the lower shaft 6 ') whose radial directions are the upper auxiliary bearing 16 and the lower auxiliary bearing. 17 supported. Upper auxiliary bearing 16
Each of the lower and upper auxiliary bearings 17 is a rolling bearing, and includes an upper radial bearing 14 and a lower radial bearing 1.
As an aid to 5, the rotating shafts 3 ', 4', 6 'are supported.

Superconducting thrust bearing 50 and rotor 60
Are stored in casings 19, 20, 21, and 22.
The casing 19 accommodates the upper radial bearing 14 and the upper auxiliary bearing 16. The generator motor 18 is housed in the casing 20. The casing 21 houses the flywheel ring 1, the support disk 2, the permanent magnet assemblies 5, 7, 8, 9 and the superconducting thrust bearing 50. The casing 22 accommodates the lower radial bearing 15 and the lower auxiliary bearing 17.

These casings 19, 20, 21, 2
2 is hermetically tightened and fixed by a plurality of bolts (not shown). Casing 19, 20, 21, 22
Is held in a vacuum. The casing 20 has a vacuum exhaust port 23 formed therein. Vacuum exhaust port 23
Through this, the inside of the casings 19, 20, 21, and 22 is evacuated in the Z direction in the figure.

By setting the insides of the casings 19, 20, 21, 22 to a vacuum state, windage loss during rotation of the rotor 60 is reduced, and vacuum insulation is performed. A protective member 21 ′ is wound around the outer periphery of the casing 21. Protective material 2
1 ′ indicates that the radiant heat from the external space
0, 21, and 22 are prevented from being transmitted.

The generator motor 18 has rotating shafts 3 ', 4',
This is for putting energy into and out of the flywheel ring 1 through 6 '. The generator motor 18 has a rotor fixed to the upper shaft 3 ′ and a stator fixed to the casing 20.

As shown in FIG. 5, the generator motor 18 increases the number of rotations of the rotating shafts 3 ', 4' and 6 'as a motor.
Rotate the flywheel ring 1 at high speed (A →
B, charging state), and store power in the flywheel ring 1 (B → C, power storage state). When extracting electric power, the generator motor 18 generates electric power from the rotational energy of the flywheel ring 1 as a generator. As a result, the rotation speed of the flywheel ring 1 decreases (C →
D, discharge state).

A description will be given of a normal operation of the present apparatus. The thrust load due to the weight of the rotor 60 rotating at high speed is supported by the superconducting thrust bearing 50. This allows
The rotor 60 rotates while floating. The radial load of the rotor 60 rotating at high speed is supported by the upper radial bearing 14 and the lower radial bearing 15 in a non-contact state.

On the other hand, when the upper radial bearing 14 and the lower radial bearing 15 malfunction, the upper auxiliary bearing 16 and the lower auxiliary bearing 17 support the rotor 60 to prevent damage to the rotor 60 and bearings. I do. The upper auxiliary bearing 16 and the lower auxiliary bearing 17 have the above-described operation by having a bearing clearance that is approximately の of the bearing clearance of the upper radial bearing 14 and the lower radial bearing 15.

The upper and lower auxiliary bearings 16 and 17 are emergency protection bearings. The upper and lower radial bearings 14 and 15 are used when the vibration of the rotor 60 increases and when the levitation function is impaired. When the rotor malfunctions, the rotor 60 moves to the upper and lower auxiliary bearings 1.
6 and 17, the rotor 60 and the casing 1
The mechanism parts 9, 20, 21, and 22 are not damaged.

The superconducting magnetic levitation apparatus shown in FIG. 4 has the following problems. (1) Bearing rotating bodies (with permanent magnets 7 and 8 incorporated therein) 1 and 2 which are floating bodies facing the superconductor 10 have shafts 3 ′ and 4 ′,
6 ′, and in addition to the superconducting magnetic bearing 50 in the thrust direction, the room-temperature magnetic bearing 1 on the shaft 3 ′, 4 ′, 6 ′ side.
It is radially supported by 4, 15 or mechanical ball bearings 16,17. Therefore, when electric power is stored as rotational energy, bearing loss occurs other than the superconducting magnetic bearing 50, and storage efficiency is reduced.

(2) The bearing rotors 1, 2, 7, 8 are not configured to rotate in a non-contact and floating manner solely by the superconductor 10 alone (the shafts supporting the bearing rotation weights 1, 2, 7, 8). 3 ', 4', 6 '). For this reason, the working and assembling accuracy of the bearing rotation weights 1, 2, 7, 8 and the shafts 3 ', 4', 6 'is required in terms of dynamic balance.

(3) Various tests may be performed using the present apparatus. Tests on the optimal combination of the superconductor 10 and the permanent magnets 7 and 8 (how to apply a magnetic field), the levitation force and loss of the superconducting magnetic bearing 50, the evaluation of the characteristics of the superconductor 10, the reinforcement strength of the permanent magnets 7 and 8, etc. It is. In this case, the magnetic field near the superconductor 10 (the magnetic field when the superconductor 10 is cooled and enters the superconducting state) is set to an arbitrary value before cooling the superconductor 10 or the like (for example, the magnetic field is set to zero). Do)
There is a need. Therefore, the superconductor 10 and the permanent magnets 7, 8
Must be adjusted to an arbitrary value. In this regard, in the present apparatus, the superconductor 10 is moved toward and away from the permanent magnets 7 and 8 by an elevating means (not shown) provided on the superconductor 10 side.

(4) In the present apparatus, normal-conduction magnetic bearings 14 and 15 are provided on the upper and lower sides as bearings for supporting the radial load of the rotor 60. For this reason,
A control device 24 equipped with rotors 14a, 15a and stators 14b, 15b constituting upper and lower radial bearings 14, 15 and for controlling their magnetic force.
Is required, which is a cause of bearing loss that causes rotation loss to the rotor.

(5) When an operation failure occurs in the upper radial bearing 14 and the lower radial bearing 15, the rotor 60 is supported by the upper auxiliary bearing 16 and the lower auxiliary bearing 17. Here, when the rotor 60 contacts the upper and lower auxiliary bearings 16 and 17, the rotor 60 and the upper and lower auxiliary bearings 16 and 17 may come into contact with an impact due to the weight of the rotor 60. The impact force may damage the rotor 60.

[0028]

There is a need for a superconducting magnetic levitation apparatus with even lower bearing losses and high power storage efficiency. A superconducting magnetic levitation test apparatus capable of more accurately measuring the characteristics of a superconducting magnetic bearing when performing various tests including a characteristic measurement test of the superconducting magnetic bearing is desired. A superconducting magnetic levitation test apparatus that can easily set conditions such as a magnetic field when performing various tests including a characteristic measurement test of a superconducting magnetic bearing is desired.

[0029]

Means for solving the above problems are disclosed as follows.

A superconducting magnetic levitation apparatus according to the present invention connects a superconductor, a rotating body having a magnet horizontally opposed to the superconductor, a generator motor, and connects the rotor to the generator motor. And a rotation transmitting unit for separation.

The superconducting magnetic levitation apparatus of the present invention has a guide portion for aligning the rotation center between the rotating body and the generator motor.

In the superconducting magnetic levitation apparatus according to the present invention, the rotation transmitting portion has a first portion fixed to the rotating body and a second portion fixed to the generator motor, and the first portion And each of the second portion has radial teeth that fit together in the direction of the rotation axis, and the teeth of the first portion are formed radially about a rotation center axis of the rotating body, The teeth of the second portion are formed radially about the rotation center axis of the generator motor.

In the superconducting magnetic levitation apparatus of the present invention, the rotation of the generator motor and the rotation of the rotating body are connected and disconnected in a synchronized state.

In the superconducting magnetic levitation apparatus according to the present invention, the superconducting magnetic levitation apparatus includes a distance variable section for varying a distance between the magnet and the superconductor when the generator motor is connected to the rotating body.

In the superconducting magnetic levitation apparatus according to the present invention, a fixed base is fixed, the rotation transmitting unit is mechanically supported by the fixed base, and the rotation transmitting unit is configured such that the magnet is connected to the rotation transmitting unit. It is connected to the magnet so as to be mechanically supported by the fixing base through the magnet.

In the superconducting magnetic levitation apparatus according to the present invention, the superconductor and the magnet constitute an axial type superconducting magnetic bearing, and the magnet is provided detachably.
A radial superconducting magnetic bearing is provided on a rotating shaft of the rotating body.

In the superconducting magnetic levitation apparatus according to the present invention, the rotation transmitting section is an electromagnetic clutch.

The method of storing superconducting power according to the present invention comprises the steps of: connecting a superconductor, a rotating body having a magnet horizontally opposed to the superconductor, a generator motor, and connecting the rotary body to the generator motor. A rotation transmitting unit for separating, the generator motor and the rotating body are connected via the rotation transmitting unit, and the generator is driven to rotate the rotating body. By separating the rotating body from the rotating body and rotating the rotating body in a floating state, electric power is stored in the rotating body.

In the superconducting power storage method of the present invention, the connection and disconnection between the rotating body and the generator motor are performed mechanically.

In the superconducting power storage method of the present invention, the connection and disconnection between the rotating body and the generator motor are performed electromagnetically.

The superconducting magnetic bearing test method according to the present invention comprises the steps of connecting a superconductor, a rotating body having a magnet horizontally opposed to the superconductor, a generator motor, and connecting the rotary body to the generator motor. And a rotation transmitting unit to be separated, the generator motor and the rotating body are connected via the rotation transmitting unit, and the generator is driven to rotate the rotating body. The characteristic of a superconducting magnetic bearing which is a bearing of the rotating body is measured by separating the rotating body from the rotating body and rotating the rotating body in a floating state.

In the superconducting magnetic bearing test method of the present invention, the connection and disconnection between the rotating body and the generator motor are performed mechanically.

In the superconducting magnetic bearing test method of the present invention, the connection and disconnection between the rotating body and the generator motor are performed electromagnetically.

When a superconducting magnetic bearing is tested, if a rotating body such as a flywheel ring and a (generator) motor are connected by a single shaft, the rotational loss of the rotating body in the superconductor state, that is, The characteristics of the superconducting magnetic bearing are difficult to measure accurately. The rotor of the generator motor connected by one axis becomes an excitation source, and electromagnetic instability is transmitted to the rotating body, which affects the rotating force of the rotating body, and is separately provided to the generator motor to prevent it. This is because, when a bearing is provided, the loss thereof has an effect. Therefore, in the present invention, when performing various tests regarding the superconducting state including the characteristic test of the superconductor magnetic bearing, the rotating body is supported only by the superconductor magnetic bearing.

In the present invention, the drive system including the generator motor is connected to the rotating body only when the rotating body is rotated to input energy, change the number of rotations, or extract energy from the rotation. During power storage or testing of a superconducting magnetic bearing other than those cases, the drive system is separated from the rotating body and the rotating body is freely rotated. This reduces the rotational loss of the rotating body (improves the energy storage efficiency) and makes it easier to measure only the rotating loss of the rotating body (the characteristics of the superconducting magnetic bearing) excluding the effects other than the superconducting magnetic bearing. I have.

In various tests relating to the state of the superconductor, it is necessary to freely set a magnetic field that affects the state of the superconductor. For example, when the superconducting state is obtained by cooling when the magnetic field near the superconductor is zero, and when the superconducting state is obtained by cooling when the magnetic field near the superconductor is not zero. This is because the characteristics of the superconducting magnetic bearing may be different. Therefore, in the present invention,
By setting the permanent magnet close to and away from the superconductor, the distance can be set arbitrarily (magnetic field setting).

Further, in various tests relating to the state of the superconductor, it is necessary that the conditions for applying the preload can be set variably. Therefore, the present invention has means for applying a load from the permanent magnet side (upper side) so that a preload acting toward the superconductor side can be arbitrarily applied.

In the present invention, possible tests of the superconducting magnetic bearing include, for example, a test of levitation and repulsion of a superconducting bulk body and its repetitive characteristics, an initial cooling position, a supercooling temperature, a condition variable setting test of application of a preload, and a bearing. Rotational loss characteristic test due to surface pressure and windage loss, rigidity in radial direction, damping characteristic test, long-term deterioration due to shaft vibration and forced displacement, bearing center movement characteristic test.

[0049]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A superconducting magnetic bearing test device as an embodiment of the superconducting magnetic levitation device of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the superconducting magnetic bearing test apparatus according to the first embodiment, taken along the axis of rotation. FIG. 2 shows FIG.
It is sectional drawing which expands and shows a part of.

As shown in FIG. 1, the superconducting magnetic bearing test device 30 includes an axial type superconducting magnetic bearing 40, a generator motor 80, an electromagnetic clutch 90, and a lifting device 100.

Superconducting magnetic bearings include an axial type and a radial type. The axial type employed in the present embodiment is to increase the facing area of each of the permanent magnet and the superconductor in the radial direction orthogonal to the rotation axis R of the rotating body to obtain a levitation force. On the other hand, in the radial type, the facing area of the permanent magnet and the superconductor is increased in the axial direction of the rotation axis R of the rotating body so as to obtain a levitation force.

The superconducting magnetic bearing 40 has a ring-shaped high-temperature superconducting bulk body 55 and a ring-shaped permanent magnet assembly 70. The outer periphery of the permanent magnet assembly 70 has CF
A flywheel ring 71 made of RP is fixed.

The high-temperature superconducting bulk member 55 is made of an oxide superconducting material, and is arranged in a ring around the rotation axis R of the rotator.

The high-temperature superconducting bulk body 55 is cooled by heat conduction by the cryogenic refrigerator 120. The cooling temperature is
It is approximately -190 to -200 ° C. The refrigerator 120 uses helium gas as a refrigerant. Between the refrigerator 120 and the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 55, a heat-conductive joint 122 made of reticulated oxygen-free copper is used. Oxygen-free copper has excellent thermal conductivity at an extremely low temperature near the cooling temperature of the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 55. The cooling state of the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 55 by the refrigerator 120 is measured by a thermocouple (not shown).

The superconducting magnetic bearing test apparatus 30 is maintained in a high vacuum state. The degree of vacuum is 1 × 10 ⁻⁵ To
rr. This is for preventing windage of the rotating body and for vacuum insulation.

The generator motor 80 has a motor shaft 82 (rotor) and a stator fixed to the lifting device 100.

As shown in FIG. 2, the permanent magnet assembly 70
Has an inner peripheral permanent magnet 7 ', an intermediate ring 9', and an outer peripheral permanent magnet 8 '. Each of the inner permanent magnet 7 ′, the intermediate ring 9 ′, and the outer permanent magnet 8 ′ is formed in a ring shape and has the same axis as the rotation axis R of the rotating body. These radii are formed to be larger in the order of the inner permanent magnet 7 ', the intermediate ring 9', and the outer permanent magnet 8 '.

The inner peripheral permanent magnet 7 ′ has an N pole on the surface (lower surface) facing the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 55 and an S pole on the upper surface. The intermediate ring 9 'is a non-magnetic material made of CFRP. The outer permanent magnet 8 ′ has an S pole on the surface (lower surface) facing the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 55 and an N pole on the upper surface. The upper surfaces of the inner peripheral permanent magnet 7 'and the outer peripheral permanent magnet 8' are covered with a ferromagnetic yoke 73 such as iron.
Leakage magnetic flux is not generated. Thereby, a strong spatial magnetic field is formed on the lower surface side of the inner peripheral permanent magnet 7 'and the outer peripheral permanent magnet 8'.

The superconducting magnetic bearing obtains its supporting force because the superconductor exhibits strong diamagnetism due to the Meissner effect. In order to obtain a strong supporting force, a strong magnetic field is necessary, and for that purpose, a spatial magnetic field formed by the magnet needs to be strong. A strong magnetic field needs to have a high magnetic permeability in the path of the magnetic flux and a small distance (gap) in a space through which the magnetic flux passes.

Since the superconducting magnetic bearing pins the magnetic flux of the spatial magnetic field, the superconducting magnetic bearing operates so as to prevent the magnetic field fluctuation when the magnetic field fluctuation is about to occur. Therefore, the superconducting magnetic bearing has a supporting force not only in the thrust direction but also in the radial direction.

The outer peripheral portion of the inner permanent magnet 7 'is reinforced by the intermediate ring 9' so that the inner peripheral permanent magnet 7 'can withstand centrifugal force when the permanent magnet assembly 70 rotates. The outer peripheral portion of the outer peripheral permanent magnet 8 ′ is reinforced by the inner peripheral surface of the flywheel ring 71.

The electromagnetic clutch 90 includes an armature 91,
And a rotor 93. The rotor 93 has a coil 94
Is attached. The electromagnetic clutch 90 is connected to the coil 9
The armature 91 is attracted by an electromagnetic force generated when a DC current is supplied to the armature 4, and the armature 91 is separated by a spring (not shown) when the supply is stopped. The electromagnetic clutch has less slippage than the mechanical friction clutch and can transmit torque reliably, but since the torque cannot be arbitrarily controlled, a means for coupling without shock is introduced as described later.

The armature 91 is fixed to the mounting base 95,
The mount 95 is fixed to the permanent magnet assembly 70. The rotor 93 is fixed to the generator motor 80.

The armature 91 has teeth (not shown) extending radially around the axis R of the rotation axis of the permanent magnet assembly 70. The rotor 93 has teeth (not shown) extending radially around the axis R of the motor shaft 82 of the generator motor 80. Armature 91 and rotor 9
By fitting the respective teeth of No.3, the armature 91 and the rotor 93 are connected without slippage. Since the teeth to be fitted with each other are formed radially about the axis R of each rotation shaft, the centering is naturally performed when the armature 91 and the rotor 93 are connected.

Further, a guide rod 96 is fixed to the end of the motor shaft 82 of the generator motor 80 in order to increase the alignment accuracy at the time of connection. The guide rod 96 has the same axis as the axis R of the motor shaft 82. Guide bar 9
6 is fastened to the motor shaft 82 by shrink fit (shrink fit). The guide rod 96 rotates integrally with the rotation of the motor shaft 82. The guide bar 96 is fixed to the rotor 93 by a key (not shown). Thus, the torque of the motor shaft 82 is
To communicate.

When the armature 91 and the rotor 93 are connected to each other, the guide rod 96 is
Is inserted into a center hole (not shown) having the same axial center as. Thereby, centering is performed. The guide rod 96
Projecting below the rotor 93, the lifting device 100
When the generator motor 80 is lowered, and the rotor 93 approaches the armature 91, the guide rod 96 is inserted into the center hole before the teeth of the armature 91 and the rotor 93 are fitted.

The mounting base 95 is a part that rotates together with the rotation of the permanent magnet assembly 70 when the electromagnetic clutch 90 is separated.

When the rotor 93 is coupled to the rotating armature 91, synchronous coupling is performed. First,
The rotation speed of the armature 91 (permanent magnet assembly 70) is detected, and the rotor 93 approaches the armature 91 in a state where the rotor 93 is rotated in the same manner as the detected rotation speed. To join.

To extract electric energy from the rotating permanent magnet assembly 70, the generator motor 80 is caused to function as a generator and discharged with the electromagnetic clutch 90 connected. With this power release, the rotation speed of the permanent magnet assembly 70 decreases. At this time, in the conventional apparatus shown in FIG. 4, the rotor 60 (permanent magnet assemblies 5, 7, 8, 9) is only supported in a non-contact manner, so that the rotor 60 vibrates when the rotation speed decreases. Sometimes became unstable.

On the other hand, in the present embodiment, when the rotation speed of the permanent magnet assembly 70 decreases and decreases with the release of power, or when the rotation speed starts to increase from zero, or when the acceleration after discharge is increased. At times, the electromagnetic clutch 90 is always in a connected state. The rotor 93 of the electromagnetic clutch 90
It is fixed to the guide bar 96 by a key. The guide bar 96 is fixed to the motor shaft 82 by shrink fitting. The bearing of the motor shaft 82 is fixed to the motor housing, and the motor housing is fixed to the elevating device 100, and the motor shaft 82 is supported by the fixing. Therefore, the vibrational instability of the generator motor 80 is not transmitted to the rotor 93 via the motor shaft 82. That is, the rotor 93 can be regarded as being mechanically (not electromagnetically) connected to the fixed object. Therefore, the permanent magnet assembly 70 in a state where the electromagnetic clutch 90 is connected is mechanically supported by the fixed base, and does not become unstable in terms of vibration even if the rotation speed decreases.

As shown in FIG. 1, the lifting device 100 is fixed to a fixed base 110. The generator motor 80 is connected to the lifting device 100. The lifting device 100 raises or lowers the generator motor 80. Lifting device 100
Moves the rotor 93 up and down when the electromagnetic clutch 90 is engaged and disengaged, respectively. The lifting device 100 raises and lowers the permanent magnet assembly 70 in a state where the electromagnetic clutch 90 is connected, arbitrarily sets the distance to the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 55, and changes the magnetic field around the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 55.

The lifting device 100 has the weight of the permanent magnet assembly 70 (the weight that the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 55 supports and floats in the superconductor state) with the electromagnetic clutch 90 connected.
The above load (preload) can be applied. The load is measured by a load cell (not shown). This makes it possible to perform a test in which the conditions for applying a preload relating to magnetic flux creep are made variable.

The case where the superconducting magnetic bearing 40 is tested by the superconducting magnetic bearing test apparatus 30 will be described. First, in a state where the electromagnetic clutch 90 is engaged, the lifting device 10
By operating 0, the distance between the permanent magnet assembly 70 and the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 55 is arbitrarily set, and the initial magnetic field is set. Next, the high temperature superconducting bulk body 55 is cooled to a predetermined temperature to be in a superconductor state, and a repulsive force and a levitation force are obtained. Next, the lifting device 100 is operated to apply an arbitrary preload. Next, the generator motor 80 is caused to function as a motor, and the permanent magnet assembly 70 is rotated to a predetermined rotation speed.

At the time when the number of rotations reaches a predetermined value, the coupling of the electromagnetic clutch 90 is released, the generator motor 80 is raised by the lifting device 100, and the guide rod 96 inserted in the center hole of the mounting base 95 is moved to the Pull out from the center hole. As a result, the permanent magnet assembly 70 and the flywheel ring 71 are supported only by the superconducting magnetic bearing 40 and freely rotate.

The rotational speed of the permanent magnet assembly 70 supported only by the superconducting magnetic bearing 40 is detected, or the permanent magnet assembly 70 in this state is vibrated (not shown) from the lateral direction. By detecting the movement of the permanent magnet assembly 70, the bearing characteristics of the superconducting magnetic bearing 40 can be measured with high accuracy.

To further increase the rotational speed of the permanent magnet assembly 70, the electromagnetic clutch 90 is connected and the generator motor 80
Function as an electric motor. When extracting electric energy from the rotation of the permanent magnet assembly 70, the generator motor 80 functions as a generator with the electromagnetic clutch 90 engaged.

The configuration of the present embodiment is as follows.

The permanent magnet assembly 70 and the generator motor 80 are configured to be separable.

A mechanism 100 for raising and lowering the generator motor 80 is provided.

An electromagnetic clutch 90 is provided between the permanent magnet assembly 70 and the generator motor 80. The armature 91 of the electromagnetic clutch 90 is attached to the bearing rotating weight 70 side,
The rotor 93 of the electromagnetic clutch 90 is attached to the generator motor 80 side.

The motor shaft 82 of the generator motor 80 is extended to serve as a centering guide rod 96 for connecting to the permanent magnet assembly 70. Here, the electromagnetic clutch 90 itself may or may not have the centering ability. Since the generator motor 80 has the guide rod 96, more accurate centering can be performed.

When cooling the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 55, the electromagnetic clutch 90 is actuated (bearing rotating weight 70 is attracted) and the permanent magnet assembly 70 is lifted, thereby achieving zero magnetic field cooling conditions (for the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 55). The distance between the permanent magnets 7 'and 8') can be set. At this time, the guide bar 96 has a function of aligning the center R of the permanent magnet assembly 70 with the axis R of the generator motor 80.

While the permanent magnet assembly 70 floats in a superconducting state and stores electric power as rotational energy at a constant rotation, the generator motor 80 is at the raised position and the permanent magnet assembly 7
It is separated from 0.

When power is released, or when charging is performed by increasing the rotation speed again after the rotation speed of the permanent magnet assembly 70 has decreased due to the power release, the generator motor 80 descends and the rotating permanent magnet The guide rod 96 of the generator motor 80 is inserted into the center hole of the assembly 70, and the electromagnetic clutch 90
Connect. The permanent magnet assembly 70 is accelerated to a certain rotation concentrically with the axis R of the motor shaft 82. Generator motor 80
And the permanent magnet assembly 70 rotate concentrically, the vibration is extremely small, and the safe operation is achieved.

When connecting the electromagnetic clutch 90,
The rotor 93 on the generator motor 80 side is synchronized with the armature 91 on the rotating permanent magnet assembly 70 side.
Are rotated, and the electromagnetic clutch 90 is connected in a state where both are synchronized.

When the permanent magnet assembly 70 falls and breaks due to the superconducting state while the permanent magnet assembly 70 is floating and rotating alone, the contact between the permanent magnet rings 7 ′ and 8 ′ and the superconductor 55 occurs. In order to prevent the
A bearing for stopper is provided on the lower side of. Further, in order to prevent the permanent magnet assembly 70 from touching around due to abnormal operation,
A stopper bearing is provided on the outer peripheral side of the permanent magnet assembly 70.

According to the present embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.

By separating the permanent magnet assembly 70 from the generator motor 80, the permanent magnet assembly 70 rotates by itself and floats, so that only superconducting bearing friction loss and negligible wind loss due to rotation in a high vacuum vessel are reduced. And the energy loss during power storage is extremely small.

Elevating device 10 for raising and lowering generator motor 80
0 and the electromagnetic clutch 90, the permanent magnet assembly 70
Setting of the magnetic field in a state where the permanent magnet assembly 70 is lifted, cooling of the superconductor 55 in a state where the permanent magnet assembly 70 is lifted, and increase and decrease of the rotation speed of the bearing rotating body 70 in a state where the permanent magnet assembly 70 is lifted. Can be.

By providing a guide rod 96 for centering when connecting to the permanent magnet assembly 70, the superconductor 55
During cooling (when the distance between the bearing rotating body 70 and the superconductor 55 is arbitrarily set) and when the bearing rotating body 70 is accelerated or decelerated, the flywheel 71 and the motor shaft 82 may be concentrically coupled. it can.

On the lower side and the outer peripheral side of the permanent magnet assembly 70,
By providing the stopper bearing, the safety of the permanent magnet assembly 70 against high-speed rotation is improved.

For the phenomenon that the levitation force decreases during rotation of the permanent magnet assembly 70 (magnetic flux creep), it is effective to apply a load equal to or more than the load of the permanent magnet assembly 70 before rotation (preliminary load). It is. In the present embodiment, the lifting device 10
0 has a function of a load applying means, and can apply a preliminary load.

In the apparatus shown in FIG. 4, the rotor 60 may come into contact with the upper and lower auxiliary bearings 16 and 17 with an impact due to the weight of the rotor 60, and the impact force may damage the rotor 60. There is. On the contrary,
In the present embodiment, during rotation, the bearing rotating bodies 70 and 71
Since it is separated from the generator motor 80 and has no disturbance such as impact, the occurrence of accidents is extremely small.

Next, a superconducting magnetic bearing testing apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the second embodiment, only points different from the first embodiment will be described.

The second embodiment has a radial type superconducting magnetic bearing 130 as compared with the first embodiment.
The superconducting magnetic bearing 130 has a radial bearing stand 131 and a radial bearing rotating body 132.

The radial bearing stand 131 is fixed to the fixed base 30.
a. The radial bearing stand 131 accommodates a cylindrical radial bearing rotating body 132 therein. The radial bearing rotating body 132 is formed integrally with the permanent magnet assembly 70 so as to have the same axis R as the rotation axis of the permanent magnet assembly 70. The radial bearing rotating body 132 is rotatably provided inside the radial bearing stand 131.

The high-temperature superconducting bulk material 55 is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the radial bearing
a is fixed. The material of the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 55a is the same as that of the high-temperature superconducting bulk body 55. On the outer peripheral surface of the radial bearing rotating body 132, a plurality of permanent magnets 134 are fixedly provided over the entire outer peripheral surface in the circumferential direction. A ferromagnetic material is fixedly provided on the outer peripheral surface of the radial bearing rotating body 132 and between the plurality of permanent magnets 134.

Of the plurality of permanent magnets 134, the upper side of the uppermost permanent magnet 134 is the S pole, and the lower side is the N pole. The next (directly below) permanent magnet 134 at the top
Has an upper N-pole and a lower S-pole. The next permanent magnet 134 has an S pole on the upper side and an N pole on the lower side. Regarding the polarity of the permanent magnet 134,
The same applies hereinafter.

Due to the pinning effect of the axial type superconducting magnetic bearing 40 of the first embodiment, the permanent magnet assembly 70
Has rigidity also in the lateral direction (left-right direction in the figure).
In the second embodiment, in order to obtain higher lateral rigidity,
A radial type superconducting magnetic bearing 130 is added. This makes it possible to perform a test using both the axial superconducting magnetic bearing and the radial superconducting magnetic bearing.

If the axial type superconducting magnetic bearing 40 is removed, the inner permanent magnet 7 'and the outer permanent magnet 8' are removed.
Only), radial type superconducting magnetic bearing 1
The test can be performed on 30 units alone.

[0102]

According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a superconducting magnetic levitation device with further reduced bearing loss. In addition, when performing various tests including a characteristic measurement test of a superconducting magnetic bearing,
The characteristics of the superconducting magnetic bearing can be measured more accurately, and furthermore, it is easy to arbitrarily set conditions such as a magnetic field.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view taken along a rotation axis of a first embodiment of a superconducting magnetic levitation apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view showing a part of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along a rotation axis of a second embodiment of the superconducting magnetic levitation apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional superconducting magnetic levitation device taken along a rotation axis.

FIG. 5 is a timing chart showing an operation of a conventional superconducting magnetic levitation device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Flywheel ring 2 Support disk 3 'Upper shaft 5 Thrust collar 4' Intermediate shaft 6 'Lower shaft 7 Inner peripheral permanent magnet 7' Inner peripheral permanent magnet 8 Outer peripheral permanent magnet 8 'Outer peripheral permanent magnet 9 Intermediate ring 9' Intermediate ring 10 High-temperature superconducting bulk body 11 Liquid nitrogen reservoir 12 Piping 13 Piping 14 Upper radial bearing 14a Rotor 14b Stator 15 Lower radial bearing 15a Rotor 15b Stator 16 Upper auxiliary bearing 17 Lower auxiliary bearing 18 Generator motor 19 Casing 20 Casing 21 Casing 21 '' Protective material 22 Casing 23 Vacuum exhaust port 24 Control device 30 Superconducting magnetic bearing test device 30a Fixed base 40 Superconducting magnetic bearing 50 Superconducting thrust bearing 55 High temperature superconducting bulk 55a High temperature superconducting bulk 60 Rotor 70 Permanent magnet assembly 71F E-wheel ring 73 Yoke 80 Generator motor 82 Motor shaft 90 Electromagnetic clutch 91 Armature 93 Rotor 94 Coil 95 Mounting base 96 Guide rod 100 Lifting device 120 Refrigerator 122 Heat conduction joint 130 Radial type superconducting magnetic bearing 131 Radial bearing stand 132 Radial bearing rotation Body 134 Permanent magnet N N pole R Axis center S S pole X External Y External Z Vacuum exhaust direction

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Kazunari Konno 2-1-1, Shinhama, Arai-machi, Takasago-shi, Hyogo F-term in Takasago Works, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (Reference) 3J102 AA01 BA03 BA19 CA02 CA10 CA28 DA02 DA07 DA22 GA09 5H607 AA00 AA08 BB01 BB02 BB14 BB20 BB25 CC03 CC05 DD03 DD15 DD18 EE02 EE10 EE18 EE42 FF01 GG01 GG08

Claims (14)

[Claims] 1. A superconductor, a rotating body having a magnet horizontally opposed to the superconductor, a generator motor, and a rotation transmitting unit for connecting and separating the rotating body and the generator motor. Superconducting magnetic levitation device equipped. 2. The superconducting magnetic levitation device according to claim 1, further comprising a guide portion for aligning the rotation center between the rotating body and the generator motor. 3. The superconducting magnetic levitation device according to claim 1, wherein the rotation transmitting unit has a first portion fixed to the rotating body and a second portion fixed to the generator motor. Each of the first portion and the second portion has radial teeth that fit together in the direction of the rotation axis, and the teeth of the first portion are centered on the rotation center axis of the rotating body. A superconducting magnetic levitation device wherein the teeth of the second portion are radially formed around a rotation center axis of the generator motor. 4. The superconducting magnetic levitation device according to claim 1, wherein the rotation of the generator motor and the rotation of the rotating body are connected and disconnected in synchronization with each other. 5. The superconducting magnetic levitation device according to claim 1, wherein when the generator motor is connected to the rotating body,
A superconducting magnetic levitation device including a distance variable unit that varies a distance between the magnet and the superconductor. 6. The superconducting magnetic levitation apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a fixed base fixed, wherein the rotation transmitting unit is mechanically supported by the fixed base, and Is a superconducting magnetic levitation device connected to the magnet such that the magnet is mechanically supported by the fixed base via the rotation transmitting unit. 7. The superconducting magnetic levitation device according to claim 1, wherein the superconductor and the magnet form an axial superconducting magnetic bearing, wherein the magnet is provided detachably, A superconducting magnetic levitation device equipped with a radial type superconducting magnetic bearing on the rotating shaft of a rotating body. 8. The superconducting magnetic levitation device according to claim 1, wherein the rotation transmitting unit is an electromagnetic clutch. 9. A superconductor, a rotating body having a magnet horizontally opposed to the superconductor, a generator motor,
Providing a rotation transmitting unit that connects and separates the rotating body and the generator motor; connecting the generator motor and the rotating body via the rotation transmitting unit; and driving the generator motor to rotate the rotating body. , And thereafter, the generator motor is separated from the rotating body, and the rotating body is rotated in a floating state, thereby storing electric power in the rotating body. 10. The superconducting power storage method according to claim 9, wherein the connection and disconnection between the rotating body and the generator motor are performed mechanically. 11. The superconducting power storage method according to claim 9, wherein the connection and disconnection between the rotating body and the generator motor are performed electromagnetically. 12. A superconductor, a rotating body having a magnet horizontally opposed to the superconductor, a generator motor, and a rotation transmitting unit for connecting and separating the rotating body and the generator motor. Providing, the generator motor and the rotating body are connected via the rotation transmission unit, the rotating body is rotated by driving the generator motor, and then the generator motor is separated from the rotating body, A superconducting magnetic bearing test method for measuring characteristics of a superconducting magnetic bearing as a bearing of the rotating body by rotating the rotating body in a floating state. 13. The superconducting magnetic bearing test method according to claim 12, wherein the rotating body and the generator motor are connected and disconnected mechanically. 14. The superconducting magnetic bearing test method according to claim 12, wherein the connection and disconnection between the rotating body and the generator motor are performed electromagnetically.