JP2001010883A - Method for composting treatment of garbage and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a method for the composting treatment of garbage, by which a high quality compost can be provided, by removing salts from the compost, and to obtain a device therefor. SOLUTION: Garbage A is finely crushed, subjected to repeated dehydration and hydration treatments using a dehydration cylinder 9 and a piston 10 to remove salts contained in the garbage A, and then charged into a composting treatment 8 to compost the charged crushed garbage without leaving the salts, oils, and so on, in the compost. Since the salts, the oils, and so forth, are not contained, the composting of the garbage is consequently accelerated, and feeds, matures composts and the like which have good qualities can be provided.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to composting organic matter such as garbage (food residue) from homes, schools, hospitals, food processing factories, restaurants, etc. (hereinafter referred to as "garbage") to reduce the volume. The compost relates to a method and an apparatus for composting garbage effectively used as fertilizer, feed, culture soil, and the like, and more specifically, is represented by harmful salts when used as the fertilizer, feed, culture soil, and the like. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for composting garbage that does not allow residual substances to remain in the compost.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art At present, when composting organic waste such as garbage or the like, pulverized and dewatered material is directly introduced into a composting tank.

[0003]

For this reason, many salt classifications remain in the produced compost. In particular,
In the case of pickles, kimchi or processed fish meat, etc., since the residue contains a lot of salt and other seasonings,
Compost cannot be used as feed, fertilizer or culture soil, or by using it without knowing it,
Various adverse effects have occurred. In addition, in order to prevent such adverse effects from occurring, there is an example in which garbage containing a large amount of salt is incinerated. However, such incineration requires time and effort.

[0004] The present invention has been proposed in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to prevent the salt classification from remaining in compost even in the case of garbage having a large amount of salt classification. An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for composting garbage.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, in the method for composting garbage, dewatering is performed from finely crushed garbage, and then water is absorbed. Then, by repeating the dehydration and water absorption, the salt classification contained in the garbage is removed, and then the garbage is put into a composting treatment tank to perform the composting treatment.

Further, in the invention according to claim 2,
In a garbage composting treatment device, crushing means for finely pulverizing the garbage input into the garbage input hopper,
A garbage crusher, comprising a pressure pump for feeding the finely crushed garbage to the adjustment tank side and a water shower for supplying water into the garbage charging hopper; Slurry pipes connecting the tanks and the garbage collected in the adjusting tank are sent to a primary dehydrator using a pressure pump to perform primary dehydration, and then the primary dehydrated garbage is sent to a dehydrating cylinder. To perform dehydration by pressing action of the piston,
Subsequently, when the piston is retracted, water is supplied into the dewatering cylinder to absorb moisture in the released garbage, and the piston is advanced again to squeeze the garbage to perform dehydration. And a desalting apparatus for repeatedly removing residual substances mainly composed of salt from the garbage and then putting the same into a composting treatment tank to form compost.

Further, in the invention according to claim 3,
In the garbage composting treatment equipment, a water supply hole is formed in the upper half of the body of the dewatering cylinder wall, a drainage hole is formed in the lower half, and a dewatered garbage discharge port with a door is provided on the tip side. A dewatering cylinder having a garbage input port formed on the side opposite to the discharge port, and incorporated in the dehydration cylinder so as to reciprocate from the rear side of the garbage input port toward the discharge port. And a piston provided.

Further, in the invention according to claim 4,
In the invention according to claim 2 or 3, the garbage fed into the dewatering cylinder is squeezed by the action of a piston to perform dehydration from the garbage, and the dewatering is performed through a drain hole in a cylinder wall. To remove the garbage from the cylinder by retracting the piston.At this time, water is fed into the cylinder from the water supply hole in the cylinder wall to absorb water again in the dewatered garbage, and then again The piston is moved forward to squeeze the garbage that has absorbed water to perform dehydration.The dehydration and water absorption are repeated to measure the salt concentration in the wastewater.When the salt concentration falls below a certain value, the piston is stopped to dehydrate. And stop water absorption, and then push the piston forward beyond the stroke when pressing to open the door attached to the end of the cylinder to remove the desalted garbage from the discharge port into a composting tank. It is characterized in the provision of the automatic control device for controlling to put into.

[0009]

The garbage finely pulverized by the garbage crusher is used to remove about 90% of the water content by a desalting apparatus. At this time, the salt classification contained in the garbage is removed by repeating the dehydration and the water absorption. The garbage that has been sufficiently dehydrated and desalted is directly put into a composting tank and composted there. Since no salt classification remains in the garbage introduced into the composting tank, fermentation activity is activated and the time required for composting is shortened. There is no residue.

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention relates to general processing of garbage discharged from restaurants and the like entering tenants in schools, hospitals, food processing factories, buildings as well as general households and apartment houses. It can be applied to General households are small, and apartments, schools, hospitals, food processing factories, etc. are large, but the principles are all the same. In the place where garbage is generated, a garbage crusher is installed, and the garbage that comes out is finely crushed in this garbage crusher,
Further, water is appropriately added to form a slurry. The slurried garbage is pressure-fed to the adjustment tank installed on the composting treatment device side via a slurry pipe by a pressure-feed pump, and then pressure-fed again to the desalination device side by the pressure-feed pump.

[0011] The desalination apparatus performs dewatering by compressing garbage by the action of a dehydrating cylinder and a piston, then supplying water to absorb water into the garbage again, dehydrating again, and repeating this. Remove residual substances including salt from garbage. Since the frequency of dewatering and water absorption of garbage differs depending on the type of garbage, the salt concentration in the wastewater is detected using a sensor, and when the salt concentration detected by this sensor falls below a certain value, desalination is performed. finish. Depending on the garbage,
Since some oils have a high oil concentration in addition to the salt, in the case of such garbage, a sensor for detecting the oil may be used in combination with the salt concentration sensor, or may be used alone.
Furthermore, the target residual substance may be detected from the wastewater using another sensor.

The most efficient method of desalination is to dewater the garbage fed into the dehydration cylinder by squeezing the garbage with a piston, and the apparatus can be made simple and compact.
The garbage may be sent directly from the adjustment tank into the dewatering cylinder, but since the water content in the slurried garbage is very high, it is efficient to perform primary dehydration in advance. . This primary dehydration method is optional. For example, a rotor or an impeller may be rotated in a casing having a dehydration hole to perform dehydration.

[0013]

FIG. 1 is an overall view of a garbage composting processing apparatus according to the present invention, in which garbage is crushed at places where garbage is generated (kitchens, etc.). The device 1 is installed. In the garbage crusher 1, a water supply shower 1b is mounted on an upper portion of the garbage input hopper 1a, and a metal catch box 1d is mounted on an outlet 1c formed at the bottom of the garbage input hopper 1a to remove metals. After that, the garbage is crushed by the cutter 1f rotated by the motor 1e, and the garbage crushed by the cutter 1f can be pressure-fed to the adjustment tank described later by the pressure pump 1i. 1g is a motor for driving the pressure feed pump 1i, 1h is a garbage input hopper 1a.
The screw feeder 1h is incorporated in the case of a large garbage input hopper.

Reference numeral 2 denotes an adjusting tank provided on the composting treatment apparatus 5 side. The garbage crushed by the garbage crushing apparatus 1 is passed through a slurry pipe 3 by a pressure feed pump 1i. Collected in. Adjustment tank 2
Has a built-in stirring blade 2b that rotates about a vertical rotation shaft 2a, and is configured to stir collected garbage well. The garbage thus stirred is sent from the pressure pump 2c installed at the bottom of the adjustment tank 2 to the composting treatment device 5 via the slurry pipe 4.

The composting treatment device 5 receives a garbage sent from the slurry pipe 4 and has a primary dehydration device 6 incorporating a rotary blade 6a for removing water contained in the garbage. A desalination device 7 for removing salt classification from the garbage primarily dehydrated by the primary dehydration device 6
And a sludge tank 8a for receiving desalted garbage first,
Primary fermenter 8b, secondary fermenter 8c, aging tank 8d
And a composting treatment tank 8 comprising a compost discharging device 8e.

The structure of the desalting device 7 is shown in detail in FIGS. 2 to 4, and its operation is shown in FIG. Hereinafter, the configuration of the desalination device 7 will be described. The primary dehydration device 6 and the desalination device 7 are incorporated in a dehydration chamber 5b formed in the outer wall 5a of the composting treatment tank 8, and are desalted. Device 7
Is a dehydrating cylinder 9 with a rising gradient toward the tip side.
And the piston 1 incorporated in the dewatering cylinder 9
0, motor 12 and crank 1 for this piston 10
3. It comprises a drive device 11 that gives reciprocating motion via a shaft 14, and a water supply jacket 15 that is bent so as to make the upper part of the dewatering cylinder 9 substantially half way. A drainage receiver 16 is disposed below the dewatering cylinder 9.
Through the drain pipe 24 to the outside of the tank. Reference numeral 20 denotes a door that is supported by an upper fulcrum 19 and that closes the outlet 18 of the dehydrating cylinder 9 so that it can be opened and closed. 9a is a water supply hole provided in the wall of the dewatering cylinder 9 surrounded by the water supply jacket 15, 9b is a water supply hole provided in the lower half of the dewatering cylinder 9, and 9c is a dewatering cylinder 9
A garbage receiving port 9d is a garbage inlet pipe connecting the primary dehydrator 6 and the receiving port 9c.

Reference numeral 21 denotes a weight attached to the door 20. The weight 21 adjusts an opening load of the door 20, that is, a dehydration rate. Note that, instead of the weight 21, the opening load of the door 20 may be adjusted by a spring or the like. Reference numeral 22 denotes a lever for locking the open state of the door 20, and reference numeral 23 denotes a water supply pipe for supplying clean water or treated water into the water supply jacket 15. Reference numeral 25 denotes a salt concentration detection sensor attached to the drain pipe 24, and reference numeral 26 denotes a control device. The control device 26 controls the operation of the driving device 11 based on the salt concentration detected by the salt concentration detection sensor 25. To control.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 27 denotes a dehumidifying / deodorizing device for removing odors and moisture generated in the composting tank 8; 28, stirring blades attached to each tank in the composting tank 8; Reference numeral 29 denotes an outlet for blowing warm air into each tank, and reference numeral 30 denotes a water / air jacket.

Next, the desalting process in the composting apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS. The garbage A pulverized by each garbage crusher 1 and collected from the various places in the adjustment tank 2 via the pressure pump 1 i and the slurry pipe 3 is driven by the pressure pump 2 c to form the slurry pipe 4.
After being sent to the primary dehydrator 6 and subjected to primary dehydration here, it is sent into the dehydration cylinder 9 from the garbage inlet pipe 9d through the receiving port 9c (FIG. 5 (a)).

Next, when the garbage A is fed into the dewatering cylinder 9, the motor 12 drives the piston 10 to squeeze the garbage A. At this time, dewatering is performed from the garbage A. The dewatered water enters the drainage receptacle 16 through the drainage hole 9b, and is further drained out of the apparatus via the drainage pipe 24 (FIG. 5B). Next, when the piston 10 advances by a predetermined stroke, the piston 10 stops moving forward, and then the piston 10 retreats. The water supplied from the water supply pipe 23 through the water supply jacket 15 and the water supply hole 9a is supplied to the garbage A released from the compression due to the retreat, resulting in a high water content (FIG. 5 (c)). )). In addition, the example is
Although water is supplied into the dehydrating cylinder 9 via the water supply jacket 15, the water supply jacket 15 may be stopped and water may be supplied into the dehydrating cylinder 9 by a water spray shower method.

Next, the piston 10 is advanced again to start squeezing the garbage A that has absorbed water, and dewatering is performed in the same manner as the previous time (FIG. 5D). In this way, when desalination is completed by repeating dehydration and water absorption several times, the forward stroke of the piston 10 is controlled to be longer than that at the time of pressing. By doing so, the door 20 is pushed open through the desalted garbage A, and the desalted garbage A 'is discharged from the outlet 1 of the dehydrating cylinder 9.
8 and discharged into the sludge tank 8a of the composting treatment tank 8 (FIG. 5 (e)).

In the above description, the number of times of dehydration and water absorption in which salt is removed from the garbage is known. However, depending on the garbage, the desalting rate may not always be known. At this time, as shown in FIG. 1, a salt concentration detection sensor 25 is attached to the drain pipe 24 to detect the salt concentration in the waste water, and when this concentration falls below a certain value, the control device 26 sends the drive device 11 , A single desalting step is completed, and the process returns to the next desalting step shown in FIGS. 5 (a) to 5 (e).
Since the composting process in the composting tank 8 is performed by a known method, a detailed description thereof is omitted here.

[0023]

As described above, according to the present invention, since the salt classification is removed from the garbage introduced into the composting treatment tank, there is no residual salt classification in the compost, so that the composting can be promoted. And high-quality fertilizer, feed, culture soil, and the like. In addition, since dehydration and desalination are performed by the action of a dehydration cylinder and a piston, the apparatus is simple, and can be easily attached to an existing composting apparatus and used.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a composting processing device embodying the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the desalination apparatus.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a desalination apparatus.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a main part of a desalination apparatus.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a desalination step.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Garbage crusher 2 Adjustment tank 6 Primary dehydration device 8 Composting treatment tank 8a Sludge tank 8b Primary fermentation tank 8c Secondary fermentation tank 8d Ripening tank 8e Compost discharger 9 Dehydration cylinder 9a Water supply hole 9b Drain hole 9c Raw Garbage receiving port 9d Raw garbage inlet pipe 10 Piston 16 Drainage receiver 24 Drain pipe 25 Salt concentration detection sensor 26 Controller

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Kiyotaka Ibaraki 35-8 Nomidai-dori, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture (72) Inventor Hirohiro Ishida 3-14-17, Yurioka, Aso-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa F-term (reference) 2B022 AA05 BA11 BB01 2B150 BA02 BB01 BC02 BD06 BE01 BE03 CG05 CG07 DH37 4D004 AA03 CA03 CA04 CA13 CA18 CA50 CB06 CB13 CC03 CC08 DA01 DA02 DA10 4H061 AA02 AA03 CC42 CC55 GG09 GG10 GG13 GG13 GG14 GG13 H

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. Dewatering is performed from finely crushed garbage, and then water is absorbed. By repeating the dehydration and water absorption, the salt classification contained in the garbage is removed, and then the composting treatment tank is used. A composting method for garbage that is put in and composted. And a crushing means for finely pulverizing the garbage charged in the garbage input hopper, a pressure pump for feeding the finely crushed garbage to the adjustment tank, and supplying water to the garbage input hopper. A garbage crushing device having a water supply shower for cleaning the garbage, a slurry pipe connecting the garbage crushing device and the adjustment tank, and primary dehydration of the garbage collected in the adjustment tank using a pressure pump. It is sent to the device to perform primary dehydration, and then the primary dewatered garbage is sent into the dehydration cylinder to perform dehydration by squeezing action by the piston, and then to the inside of the dehydration cylinder when the piston is retracted. Water is supplied to absorb the water in the garbage that has been released, and the piston is again advanced to squeeze the garbage to dewater it. To remove residual substances mainly, then a desalting device for composting was put into composting treatment tank, composting apparatus for garbage consisting of. 3. A drain hole is formed in the upper half of the body of the dewatering cylinder wall, a drain hole is formed in the lower half, and a dewatered garbage discharge port with a door is formed on the tip side. A dewatering cylinder formed with a garbage input port on the side opposite to the discharge port; and a piston incorporated in the dewatering cylinder so as to reciprocate from the rear of the garbage input port toward the discharge port side. A garbage composting treatment device consisting of: 4. The garbage sent into the dewatering cylinder is compressed by the action of a piston to dewater the garbage, and the dewatered water is discharged out of the cylinder through a drain hole in the cylinder wall. The piston is retracted to release the squeezing of the garbage.At this time, water is fed into the cylinder from the water supply hole in the cylinder wall to absorb water again in the dewatered garbage, and then the piston is advanced again to absorb water. Squeezed garbage is dewatered to perform dehydration, measure the salinity in the wastewater while repeating this dehydration and water absorption, and stop the dehydration and water absorption by stopping the piston when this salinity falls below a certain value,
Next, an automatic control device that pushes open the door attached to the tip of the cylinder by moving the piston forward beyond the stroke at the time of squeezing, and controls the desalted garbage to enter the composting tank from the discharge port The garbage composting treatment device according to claim 2 or 3, further comprising: