JP2000350308A - Hybrid railroad car - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hybrid railroad car for reducing fuel consumption of a diesel engine without a big capacity of a battery, and reducing noises and exhaust gas in a station or in a street near the station. SOLUTION: An axle 3 is joined with a speed reducing member 10 fed with power from a diesel engine 1 through a fluid transmission unit 2. The other axle 4 is joined with an AC machine 5 connected to a battery 8 with an inverter 6 in between. A generator 7 for charging the battery 8 at idling time is provided at the diesel engine 1. The AC machine 5 functions as a regenerative brake unit at decelerating running time. With the engine 1 and/or the AC machine 5, the axles 3 and 4 are mainly driven by the AC machine 5 at low speed and mainly driven by the diesel engine 1 at middle and high speed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a hybrid track vehicle having a diesel engine and an AC machine as driving sources.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In railway lines without overhead wiring facilities, a diesel engine is mounted and an axle is driven via a fluid transmission. At the time of deceleration, traveling is controlled by friction braking (air brake device) using compressed air.

[0003] In recent years, interest in the global environment has increased, and research has been conducted to reduce exhaust gas from diesel engines and reduce noise. In the car,
Various hybrid systems have been proposed as means for reducing CO2 emissions from gasoline engines. The basic idea is that the engine is operated within a range with good fuel efficiency, and when the engine is out of the range, the engine is controlled to be driven by a mounted electric motor so that the overall energy efficiency is increased.

[0004]

In the case of a railway vehicle, a vehicle using a diesel engine emits a lot of exhaust gas before and after a station in a station or in a city area, and generates a large amount of noise. Therefore, there is a demand for reducing this.

[0005] However, railway vehicles have a longer start / stop interval and a longer high-speed driving time than automobiles. Also,
There is a difference that the mass of the vehicle body is large, and the capacity of the storage battery becomes extremely large when the vehicle is to be recovered by the regenerative brake during deceleration traveling or deceleration traveling. In recent years, light-weight, high-capacity storage batteries have been proposed one after another, but the energy density is several steps lower than fossil fuels, which limits the capacity that can be mounted. No effect can be obtained even if introduced into a vehicle.

On the other hand, when looking at the operation status of the diesel engine, there is a difference depending on the route, but in the case of operation at each station stop, the braking distance is about 10 to 20% of the entire length of the line, and the coasting distance is about 20 to 50% of the total length. There is also a demand for recovering and using this wasted energy.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a hybrid railroad vehicle that reduces the fuel consumption of a diesel engine and reduces noise and exhaust gas in the station premises and in the urban area around the station without significantly increasing the capacity of the storage battery. It is intended to provide.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention employs the following means. That is, one axle is connected to a speed reducer that is transmitted from a diesel engine via a fluid transmission, and the other axle is connected to an alternator connected from a storage battery via an inverter. Is provided with a generator for charging the storage battery during idling, the AC machine is used as a regenerative brake during deceleration, and a diesel engine and an AC machine are used alone or in combination. Is characterized in that the axle is driven mainly by a diesel engine.

In this hybrid type tracked vehicle, one axle is driven by a diesel engine, the electric power generated by regenerative braking is stored in a storage battery, and the other axle is driven during low-speed running. The storage battery is charged by the generator as idling without stopping the diesel engine even during deceleration travel, deceleration travel, and electric travel from the storage battery. Here, the one axle and the other axle may be a front axle and a rear axle of the vehicle,
Two front axles may each be used.

[0010] The other axle (electrically driven axle)
If a plurality is used in consideration of the adhesion between the wheel and the track during dynamic braking, an axle not used for driving is used. That is, one axle and the other axle mean that one axle is not driven by a plurality of drive sources.

In general operation of the vehicle, the vehicle is started from a stop station by driving the vehicle with an AC machine, and travels until the engine reaches an efficient rotation speed range. During this time, the diesel engine is idled to store the storage battery. Charge, then switch to driving with the diesel engine and drive in the constant speed running area.When the deceleration running area near the stop station is reached, the diesel engine is idling and the regenerative brake is operated, and energy is recovered as electricity by the storage battery as electric power . Then, this is used as the power for starting from the next stop station.
Therefore, the charging by the diesel engine is performed even during the driving by the AC machine, so that the capacity of the storage battery can be reduced.

[0012] Normally, railroad vehicles have an operation standard determined for each route and travel in accordance with the standard. Therefore, since the power required at that time can be obtained in advance as data, the driving by the diesel engine, the driving by the AC machine, the combination of the two, and the control of the charging and discharging of the storage battery are best performed by simulation according to the route. Ensure efficient operation.

The above operation may not be possible depending on the route conditions. For example, there is a case where there is an upward gradient from a stop station to the next stop station, or a case where the gradient is downward. Therefore, as described in claim 2, a speed generator is provided on the axle to detect the current position of the vehicle, and control the rotational speed of the diesel engine and the rotational speed of the AC machine according to a previously created operation standard. Equipped with a capacity detector that detects the capacity of the storage battery. When it detects that the capacity of the storage battery is at the lower limit when driven by the AC machine, it switches to running with the diesel engine, and when deceleration and braking, the capacity of the storage battery is at the upper limit. When it is detected, the charging of the storage battery is preferably stopped and the resistor is discharged. Here, the upper limit value of the capacity of the storage battery is not the maximum value that can be charged, but at least has a margin so that the regenerative brake can be operated at least once.

[0014] In general, the battery is discharged by disconnecting the power supply to the storage battery and connecting to a resistor. It should be noted that the discharge amount can be reduced by increasing the capacity of the storage battery, but it is necessary to select an appropriate capacity because the weight increases. If possible, it is desirable to select a capacity appropriate for the route for each vehicle. The storage battery may be of any type as long as it is for use in a vehicle, and is not particularly limited, but a lightweight battery such as a lithium battery is preferable.

[0015]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below based on an embodiment shown in the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a drive system of a hybrid track vehicle, and FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an arrangement of each device.

In this hybrid type tracked vehicle, a reduction gear 10 as a driving device is connected to one axle 3 from an output shaft of a diesel engine 1 via a fluid transmission 2. This configuration is similar to that of a conventional tracked vehicle. And
On the other axle 4, an AC machine 5 is connected from a storage battery 8 to a disconnector 1.
2, are connected via a filter reactor 11 and an inverter 6. Further, a generator 7 is provided in the diesel engine 1, and the generator 7 is connected to a storage battery 8.

The AC machine 5 obtains electric power from the storage battery 8 and drives the axle 4. However, the AC machine 5 functions as a generator during braking or deceleration operation of the tracked vehicle, and charges the storage battery 8. Storage battery 8
Uses a lithium battery here. Inverter 6
Converts the DC power of the storage battery 8 into AC and outputs it to the AC machine 5 functioning as a motor, and when the AC machine 5 functions as a generator, converts the AC power into DC and converts the AC power into DC.
Output to The filter reactor 11 is a filter that mainly removes high frequencies, and the disconnector 12 blocks DC power.

FIG. 3 shows an arrangement of each element of the hybrid track vehicle. The stop of the track vehicle is performed by an air brake system (not shown). Reference numeral 15 denotes a resistor for discharging the electric power generated when the storage battery 8 is at the upper limit by a resistor. Reference numeral 20 denotes a storage battery capacity detector which outputs a control signal when the lower limit and the upper limit are set.
Reference numeral 21 denotes a speed generator, which calculates the current position of the vehicle based on a signal from the speed generator.

Further, the storage battery 8, the AC machine 5, the inverter 6 and the like frequently operate during running and generate heat, so that a cooling device is provided. The power system of this hybrid track vehicle will be described with reference to FIG. 1. In power running, the power is transmitted from the diesel engine 1 to the speed reducer 10 via the fluid transmission 2 to drive the axle 3. On the other hand, electric power is transmitted from the storage battery 8 to the inverter 6 via the disconnector 12 and the filter reactor 11, converted into AC, and supplied to the AC machine 5. In this case, when the capacity of the storage battery 8 reaches the lower limit value, the disconnector 12 operates and the power supply from the storage battery 8 stops.

On the other hand, during deceleration or deceleration running, as shown in FIG. 2, the AC machine 5 functions as a generator, and is driven by the axle 4 to generate power. Then, the direct current is converted into direct current by the inverter 6 and stored in the storage battery 8. At this time, the fluid transmission 2
Cuts off the power to the reduction gear 10, and the diesel engine 1 is idling. Then, the generator 7 is driven to store electric power in the storage battery 8.

The running of the hybrid tracked vehicle constructed as described above is controlled by an operation controller provided in the driver's seat. In this operation controller, the operation reference of the vehicle on the route is stored in advance, and the speed generator 21
, The current position is calculated from the signal, and the control operation is performed according to the instruction of the operation standard. The vehicle operation standards are based on data on the driving conditions of the vehicle from the first station to the last station, and the vehicle speed and required power at each position from the first station, starting, acceleration,
Operation times such as deceleration operation and stop are stored. This value varies depending on the number of passengers, the weather, the number of vehicles connected, and the like, but an average value is used.

The basic operation items are as follows. During deceleration and deceleration travel, the AC machine is made to function as a generator and stored in a storage battery as electric energy. In a low-speed running range where the efficiency of the diesel engine and the fluid transmission is low, the vehicle runs mainly by the electric motor, and in a middle-high speed running range, the vehicle mainly runs by the diesel engine.

The diesel engine is not stopped.
During running, deceleration and deceleration running by the electric motor, the vehicle is idling, the generator is started, and power is generated and stored in the storage battery. When the capacity of the storage battery becomes the lower limit, the power supply to the electric motor is stopped, and the driving is switched to the running of the diesel engine. When the capacity of the storage battery reaches the upper limit value, the disconnector 12 is operated to supply electricity to the resistance of the resistor 15 and discharge it. That is, the capacity of the storage battery is not fully charged so as not to impair the braking function.

FIG. 4 shows an example of traveling control of a hybrid type tracked vehicle on a general route, and an example of traveling from point A (starting station) to point D (stop station) will be described. At point A, the storage battery 8 is sufficiently charged, is driven by the AC machine 5, and instructs the inverter 6 to set the rotation speed of the AC machine 5 to a predetermined value according to the operation standard, and gradually increases the speed. Then drive to point B. At this time, the diesel engine 1 is in an idling state, power is not transmitted to the speed reducer 10 (clutch OFF state), and the generator 7 is driven to charge the storage battery 8.

During this time, when a signal indicating that the storage battery capacity is at the lower limit is sent from the capacity detector 20 of the storage battery 8, the disconnector 12 is operated to activate the storage battery 8.
Is stopped, the rotational speed of the diesel engine is increased, and the speed reducer 10 is driven.

When the running resistance is large due to an upward slope or the like during this time, the speed reducer 10 is driven by the diesel engine 1 and travels together with the AC machine 5. In the constant speed traveling from the point B to the point C, the vehicle travels by the power of the diesel engine 1. In this case, when the vehicle is traveling at a reduced speed due to a downward slope or the like, the alternator 5 is operated as a generator to charge the storage battery 8. The generator 7 is stopped while the vehicle is running with the diesel engine 1.

In the deceleration running from the point C to the point D, the regenerative brake is operated with the diesel engine 1 idling and the AC machine 5 as a generator to charge the storage battery 8. When a signal indicating that the capacity of the storage battery 8 is at the upper limit is output from the capacity detector 20 of the storage battery 8 during this deceleration running, charging of the storage battery 8 is stopped and the resistor 1
5 and discharge by resistance. The stop braking at the point D is performed by an air brake as in the related art.

In the above traveling control, a control program can be created in advance based on the traveling reference of the line section. According to this, it is possible to minimize the fuel consumption of the diesel engine, that is, to operate the diesel engine at the most efficient place and to minimize the discharge of the regenerative power by the resistor. .

Summarizing the above description, the flow of the running control of the hybrid track vehicle is shown in the flowchart of FIG. The driver performs a driving operation based on the traveling reference of the line section. First, in step 110, when the vehicle is stopped, that is, when the driving notch is at the stop position, the diesel engine 1
Is idling and goes to step 250,
It is determined whether or not the capacity of the storage battery 8 is at the upper limit, and if not, the clutch of the generator 7 is turned on (step 270) to charge the storage battery 8. If the capacity of the storage battery 8 is at the upper limit, the clutch of the generator 7 is disconnected (step 260).

When the driver inputs the driving notch, the routine proceeds to step 120, and when the storage battery 8 is not at the lower limit in step 130, the routine proceeds to step 140. 5 is driven (step 150) to travel. In this case, if the speed is insufficient with respect to the position of the driving notch, the diesel engine 1 is driven and the vehicle is driven to run together with the AC machine 5 (step 180). If the signal from the speed generator 21 is not in the low speed range, the process proceeds to step 170; if the signal is in the medium speed range, the process proceeds to step 180; Is driven.

When the driver operates the driving notch to the brake notch, the routine proceeds from step 120 to step 200, in which the diesel engine 1 is idling (step 210). Is charged to the storage battery 8. Then, in step 230, when the capacity of the storage battery 8 reaches the upper limit value, the charging is stopped, and the resistor 15 is energized and discharged.

In the case of coasting operation, the routine proceeds to step 250, in which the generator 7 is driven by the diesel engine 1 and the storage battery 8 is charged in the same manner as during the stop. The inventors performed simulations on several routes on which the hybrid track vehicle of the present invention can run at present, and Table 1 shows one of them.

From O station to T station, a nearly flat line consisting of ten stations is used, compared with the existing Kiha 75 when stopping at each station. According to this, the energy required for traveling from O station to T station and the energy required for traveling from T station to O station are 92.8 MJ and 100.4 MJ.
Therefore, the difference between the Kiha 75 and the hybrid track vehicle is small.
However, in terms of fuel consumption, Kiha75's 32.7k
In comparison with g, the hybrid type tracked vehicle is 18.4 kg, which is considerably reduced.

[0034]

[Table 1]

[0035]

As described above, according to the present invention, the diesel engine and the AC machine are driven on separate axles, and the diesel engine is provided with a generator for charging the storage battery when idling. It is possible to reduce the fuel consumption and the noise and exhaust gas in the station premises and in the urban area around the station without reducing the capacity and increasing the weight of the vehicle body.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a drive system of a hybrid track vehicle as one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a system for recovering energy in the deceleration running.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the arrangement of each device.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an operation standard.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a flow of traveling control.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Diesel engine 2 ... Fluid transmission 3, 4 ... Axle 5 ... Alternator 6 ... Inverter 7 ... Generator 8 ... Storage battery 10 ... Reduction gear 11 ... Filter reactor 12 ... Disconnector 14 ... Fuel tank 15 ... Resistor 20 … Capacitance detector 21… Speed generator

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI theme coat ゛ (Reference) B61C 9/08 F02D 29/02 D F02D 29/02 331Z 331 B60K 9/00 E (72) Inventor Masayuki Inui (1) 1-4-1 Meiji Station, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi Prefecture Inside Tokai Passenger Railway Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Eiichi Suzuki 1-1-1, Sanbonmatsu-cho, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi Japan (72) Invention Takeshi Morita 1-1, Sanbonmatsu-cho, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi Japan (72) Inventor Akihiko Kawahara 1-1-1, Sanbonmatsu-cho, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi F-term (reference) 3D039 AA01 AA04 AA05 AB27 AC33 3G093 AA01 AA05 AA07 AA16 AB01 BA19 BA20 BA32 CA04 CB02 CB03 CB07 DB00 EA03 EB00 EB09 FA11 FB05 5H115 PA05 PA12 PA13 PG0 1 PI16 PI22 PI29 PO17 PU08 PU25 PV09 QE10 QI03 QI04 QI08 QN03 RB08 TB03 TD19 TI01

Claims (2)

[Claims] An axle is connected to a speed reducer that is transmitted from a diesel engine via a fluid transmission to one axle, and an alternator connected from a storage battery via an inverter to the other axle. The diesel engine is provided with a generator that charges the storage battery during idling, the AC machine is used as a regenerative brake during deceleration, and the diesel engine and the AC machine are used alone or in combination. A hybrid type track vehicle characterized in that the axle is driven mainly by a diesel engine during high-speed running. 2. A vehicle equipped with a speed generator on an axle to detect a current position of a vehicle, control a rotational speed of a diesel engine and a rotational speed of an AC machine, and detect a capacity of a storage battery in accordance with an operation standard prepared in advance. Equipped with a capacity detector, when it is detected that the capacity of the storage battery is at the lower limit when driven by the AC machine, it is switched to running with a diesel engine, and it is detected that the capacity of the storage battery is at the upper limit during deceleration and braking. 2. The hybrid track vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the charging of the storage battery is stopped and the resistor is discharged at the time.