JP2000335986A - Porous cement hardened body including coated fertilizer granule - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a cement-cured body that permits the early thick growth of plants and the early adhesion and growth of algae and can gives an environment that continues the following growth by curing a cement composition containing powder-coated granular fertilizer and/or fertilizer-soaked powdery particles in a porous substance. SOLUTION: Surface coated powdery fertilizer with a particle size of 0.001-30 mm is prepared by coating the surface with an organic or an inorganic material and/or fertilizer-impregnated particles 7 with a particle size of 0.001-30 mm is prepared by soaking dried inorganic or organic porous powdery particles with water in which the fertilizer components are dispersed or dissolved. Then, the coated powdery fertilizer and/or the fertilizer-impregnated powdery particles 7 is added to cement in an amount of 0.1-150 wt.% based on cement 2, further an aggregate 1, an air-entraining agent and/or a gas-generator, foam 3, and water are mixed and kneaded and the resultant cement composition is cured to give the objective cement cured body having continuously connected gaps. When this cement-cured body is installed in a river or in a sea shore, the fertilizer included inside are gradually eluted out through the gaps.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a granular fertilizer whose surface is coated with an organic or inorganic material (hereinafter referred to as a coated granular fertilizer) and / or an organic or inorganic fertilizer impregnated with a fertilizer component. A cured product of a cement composition containing a porous granular material (hereinafter, referred to as a fertilizer-impregnated granular material),
The present invention relates to a hardened porous cement such as porous concrete in which air bubbles, pores and / or continuous voids are provided inside the hardened body. When this porous cement hardened body is installed as a revetment, for example, for rivers and coasts, or as an underwater fish reef or seaweed bed formation material, it has pores and / or continuous voids inside, so that microorganisms can pass through the pores and / or voids. Infiltration and further supply of air, moisture and moisture to the porous cement hardened material, the coating layer of the coated granular fertilizer is gradually decomposed, or the surface of the hardened material and its surroundings are removed from the fertilizer-impregnated powdered granule. Fertilizer components gradually elute. Therefore, nutrients are supplied, and the growth of plants, algae and microorganisms is promoted on and around the surface of the hardened body from an early stage, and it is useful for the growth of the hardened body for a long period of time, creating a foundation for the inhabitation of diverse organisms. Will be.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, cement concrete has been used for many civil engineering buildings and has made a significant contribution to economic and cultural development. However, recently, cement concrete has been used as a material for creating a favorable environment for living things including humans. Is required. For example, it has been applied as a sound absorbing plate for improving the heat insulating property by including air bubbles in concrete to save energy for cooling and heating of a building, or as a sound absorbing plate for improving sound absorbing property and preventing noise diffusion. In addition, the concrete for pavement material is made porous to improve drainage, and not only to transfer rainwater to the underground but also to provide ventilation, and to improve the habitat of small organisms under the pavement surface. ing. In addition, concrete and other molded products used to protect surface soil on slopes, seawalls, rivers, lakes, and other seawalls can be made porous or devised so that microscopic organisms can be found on the surface, inside, or around them. It creates an environment where it can easily live. However, in the case of conventional concrete containing air bubbles or porous concrete, or those in which the shape has been devised, for example, before the plants naturally grow in the recesses of the installed concrete, first, the recesses are formed. Dust and sand must accumulate, plant seeds fly and land, germinate, and nutrients must be replenished continuously. It will take quite a few years for that to happen. If the plants are actively germinated and allowed to grow satisfactorily, there is a problem that considerable man-hours, time, and cost are required for dispersing the soil, seeds, dispersing and supplying nutrients [fertilizer], and the like. Among them, the application of soil and seeds is indispensable, but the man-hours required for application and supply of fertilizers should be reduced or omitted if possible. If realized, the technical or economic effects are expected to be extremely large.

It is also known that, when this kind of porous concrete is cast or a molded body is sunk in the water or in the sea, algae are more likely to adhere to the surface than ordinary concrete. However, it will take considerable time to reach that point. If there is a means of shortening the period and growing aggressively attached algae and aquatic plants, such means can be used on coasts and seabeds in areas where seafood resources are being depleted, such as seawall blocks and fish reefs. If applied as a molded product, it can be expected to contribute to the restoration of the natural environment and the conservation and securing of marine resources.

[0004]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention requires a small number of man-hours, time and cost, which cannot be achieved by conventional concrete containing air bubbles or concrete made porous.
At the early stage, plant growth and algae adhesion and growth are observed, and
As a result of intensive research on concrete and the like that provide an environment where the growth proceeds smoothly, the above object was achieved by using a porous hardened cement composition containing coated granular fertilizer and / or fertilizer impregnated powder. It has been found that the present invention can be achieved, and the present invention has been achieved.

[0005]

That is, the present invention relates to a cured product of a cement composition containing a coated granular fertilizer and / or a fertilizer-impregnated powder, wherein the cured product has air bubbles, pores and / or continuous particles therein. It is a porous hardened cement body having voids. In the present invention, as components other than the coated particulate fertilizer and / or the fertilizer-impregnated powder contained in the cement composition, cement, aggregate, air entraining material and / or gas generating agent, gas bubbles, water and other desired admixtures The present invention is a porous cured product (cured product 1) obtained by curing a cement composition containing these components as essential or preferred compounding components. Claim 3
The present invention comprises a binder comprising cement and, if necessary, an admixture (material) in which coated granular fertilizer and / or fertilizer-impregnated powder is dispersed in the aggregate and has continuous voids therein. It is a porous cement hardened product (hardened product 2) obtained by hardening a cement composition.

[0006] Powdered and granular fertilizers whose surfaces are coated (hereinafter also referred to as coated powdered and granular fertilizers) include chemical fertilizers, chemical fertilizers,
Compound fertilizers, compound fertilizers, or the like can be used in the form of powder and granules, and the surface thereof is coated with an organic or inorganic material. The granulated fertilizer used in the present invention includes nutrients necessary for plant growth, that is, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon and other minor components such as magnesium, iron, nickel, zinc,
Algae containing appropriate amounts of manganese, cobalt, boron, molybdenum, copper, sulfur and other components, or those containing so-called organic fertilizers obtained from nature are used to grow And aquatic plants can be appropriately selected and used. As the organic coating material of the coated granular fertilizer used in the present invention, a resin that has a certain degree of alkali resistance, is suitable for growing plants, and is decomposed by microorganisms is preferably used.
The resin layer used for coating the granular fertilizer may be a single layer, but may be a multiple layer in which a plurality of resins are combined and a plurality of coatings are performed. Also used in the present invention,
The coated granular fertilizer may be a mixture of two or more types of granular fertilizers each coated with a different resin at an appropriate ratio. If necessary, a resin composition in which an inorganic filler (filler), for example, silica, calcium carbonate, talc, kaolin, diatomaceous earth, or the like is blended with the resin for coating may be used. Further, as the coated granular fertilizer, those obtained by coating the above-mentioned inorganic powder or various cement powders on a coated resin layer can also be used.

[0007] Suitable resins used as the organic coating material include polyethylene (PE), chlorinated polyethylene, polypropylene (PP), chlorinated polypropylene,
Paraffin wax, olefin resin, ethylene / vinyl acetate / copolymer resin / ethylene / vinyl acetate / vinyl chloride copolymer resin, ethylene / vinyl chloride copolymer resin, styrene resin, petroleum resin, ester gum, rosin, penzoquamamine resin, phenol resin , Alkyd resins, polyester resins, urethane resins, epoxy resins, xylene resins, polyamide resins, etc., which can be hot-melted or dissolved in organic solvents and applied to the surface of powdered fertilizer under appropriate conditions. Coated. In addition, in the reaction type resin,
An appropriate amount of an appropriate curing agent is added and used as a coating material within the pot life.

As an organic coating material, a material called a resin emulsion or rubber latex dispersed in water can be used. Such resins or rubbers include alkyl acrylate resins, styrene / acrylic copolymer resins, vinyl acetate resins, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer resins, ethylene / higher fatty acid vinyl ester / vinyl acetate copolymer resins, vinyl acetate / higher fatty acids Vinyl ester copolymer resin, vinyl acetate / higher fatty acid vinyl ester / acryl copolymer resin, vinyl acetate / acryl copolymer resin, ethylene / vinyl chloride copolymer resin, ethylene / vinyl chloride / vinyl acetate copolymer resin, styrene / butadiene copolymer Polymerized resin, acrylonitrile / butadiene copolymer resin, acrylic / butadiene copolymer resin, natural rubber, chloroprene resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinylidene chloride resin
Examples thereof include a vinyl chloride / vinylidene chloride copolymer resin, a urethane resin, an epoxy resin, and an alkyd resin. These resins are coated on the surface of the granular fertilizer under appropriate conditions. In the case of a reaction type resin, an appropriate amount of an appropriate curing agent is added and used as a coating material within a pot life.

As the organic coating material, a resin dissolved in water can be used. Examples of such a resin include a urea resin, a melanin resin, and a urea-melanin co-condensation resin, which are coated on the surface of the granular fertilizer under appropriate conditions. In addition, these resins are preferably used as a coating material by mixing with the resin in a state of being dispersed in water from the properties thereof, and further provided as a coating material by adding an appropriate curing agent as needed. You. As the inorganic coating material of the coated granular fertilizer used in the present invention, ordinary Portland cement, white Portland cement, early-strength Portland cement, blast furnace cement, fly ash cement,
Examples include various cement powders such as alumina cement, colloidal silica, water glass, gypsum, and sulfur. Of these, alumina cement, gypsum, sulfur and the like are preferably used. As the inorganic coating material, when using cement or gypsum, use a weak alkaline cement as the cement, reduce the water-cement ratio, and, if necessary, a viscosity modifier for a water-soluble polymer such as methylcellulose, a curing accelerator, It is preferable to use other various admixtures (materials), resin emulsions or rubber latexes in combination. When sulfur is used as the inorganic coating material, the sulfur is usually melted by heating to coat the surface of the granular fertilizer, but if necessary, the above-mentioned various synthetic resins and inorganic fillers are added. You can also.

[0010] When a coated granular fertilizer or a fertilizer-impregnated powder containing sulfur as a main component of the coating material is mixed into the cement composition of the present invention, the sulfur is decomposed over time to form sulfuric acid or sulfate, Care must be taken when mixing them in large quantities, as it weakens the hardened cement.
Therefore, when sulfur is used as the coating material, the amount of sulfur used should be appropriately adjusted.

In producing the coated powdery fertilizer, an organic material and an inorganic material can be combined and coated as a coating material. For example, it is also possible to first coat the particulate fertilizer with an organic material, and then coat an inorganic material thereon. Alternatively, the granular fertilizer can be coated in the reverse order. Further, by repeating the coating operation process of each material a plurality of times, a composite coating layer can be obtained.

As described above, the powdered and granular fertilizer can be broadly classified into those coated with an organic material, those coated with an inorganic material, and those having a composite coating layer. At the time of use, they can be appropriately selected from them so as to effectively act on the growth of plants, algae, and microorganisms, or can be blended at an appropriate ratio to be used as a cement composition component. The amount of the organic or inorganic material to be coated on the surface of the particulate fertilizer must be such that the components in the fertilizer are less likely to be chemically affected by the alkali component of the cement. Further, the amount of the cement must be such that the components in the fertilizer are hardly delayed by the hardening or hindered in the development of the strength. As the amount of coating for that, the components in the granular fertilizer,
Although it depends on the particle size, particle size distribution, type of resin used for coating, coating method, and the like, it is preferably at least 2% or more in terms of the weight of the coating resin relative to the weight of the granular fertilizer.
As the coating method, there are a pan coating method, a rolling coating method, a rotary method, a fluidized bed method, a jet flow method and the like, which can be appropriately selected and adopted. The particle diameter of the coated granular fertilizer is preferably 0.001 to 30 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 10 mm, most preferably 1 to 5 mm. The apparent specific gravity is 0.
Those having about 5 to 2.0 are preferable.

The fertilizer-impregnated powder of the present invention is obtained by immersing a dried inorganic or organic porous powder in water in which a fertilizer component is dispersed or dissolved, and removing the fertilizer component from the porous material. It is made by adsorbing on powders and drying. Examples of the inorganic porous powder include, for example, a heat-expanded powder aggregate obtained by pulverizing and firing shale or clay, or a heat-expanded powder aggregate obtained by pulverizing and granulating the same raw material soil and firing. Pulverized particles of fired materials such as bricks, crushed particles of pottery and porcelain, porous glass powder, powder and particles of pearlite, vermiculite, volcanic debris, crushed and fired natural stones such as perlite and black stone Granules made of pumice, coal shell, and the like can be used. As an organic porous powder, a synthetic resin or the like is foamed.
There are resin base materials such as polyurethane, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, and synthetic rubber. Among the foamed products, those having hydrophilicity and large water absorption are preferable. The water in which the fertilizer components are dispersed or dissolved is made to contain appropriate amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon and other necessary trace components as described for the coated granular fertilizer. Higher concentrations are preferred. In making the fertilizer-impregnated powder, the inorganic or organic porous powder is dried in advance by heating, blowing, etc., and immersed for a certain time in water in which the fertilizer component is dispersed or dissolved, and the fertilizer component is dried. It is preferable that the resin is impregnated and absorbed, then pulled up, dried by heating, blowing or the like.

The amount of impregnation of the fertilizer component into the porous powder is preferably 1 to 200% by weight solids. If necessary, the surface of the obtained porous granular material may be subjected to a coating treatment using the same organic or inorganic material as used in the above-mentioned coated granular fertilizer. There is an advantage that the amount of coating in this case can be smaller than when making the coated granular fertilizer.

The particle size of the fertilizer-impregnated powdery granules is the same as that of the above-mentioned coated powdery granular fertilizers, and preferably 0.001 to 30 mm. From this, those having a size of 1 to 5 mm can be sieved and used. Fertilizer impregnated granules of large particle size can be used as part of coarse aggregate. The apparent specific gravity is preferably 0.1 to 2.0, more preferably 0.1 to 2.0.
It is in the range of 5-1.5. The amount of the coated granular fertilizer and / or the fertilizer-impregnated powder granules mixed into the cement composition of the present invention is as follows:
Preferably 0.1 to 150% by weight of cement,
More preferably, it is 10 to 50%, and it can be appropriately selected so as to meet the purpose of use of the porous cured cement of the present invention. Either one of the coated granular fertilizer and the fertilizer-impregnated granular material may be mixed alone, or both may be used in combination at an appropriate specific gravity. Examples of the cement used in the present invention include ordinary Portland cement, early-strength Portland cement, ultra-high-strength Portland cement, ultra-rapid hardening cement, alumina cement, blast furnace cement, fly ash cement, sulfate-resistant Portland cement, silica cement and the like. Since the porous hardened cement of the present invention has many chances to come into contact with plants, algae, etc., it is preferable that the cement hardly dissolves the alkali component. From that aspect, it is preferable to use a mixed cement such as blast furnace cement.

Examples of aggregates to be added to the cement composition of the present invention include fine aggregates such as sand, sea sand, mountain sand, crushed sand, blast furnace slag sand, converter slag sand, artificial lightweight coarse aggregate, and volcanic rock. Sand, vermiculite, perlite, etc., and coarse aggregates include gravel, sea gravel, mountain gravel, crushed stone, blast furnace slag crushed stone, converter slag crushed stone, artificial lightweight coarse aggregate, volcanic shaved gravel, coal shell, perlite, etc. And any of them can be appropriately selected and used. If necessary, an iron-based aggregate containing a part of an iron element in an amount of 5% or more by weight of iron element can be used. Examples of the iron-based aggregate include coarse or fine aggregate obtained by crushing iron ore or converter scrub, or various iron oxide powders, as well as iron dust and iron dust powder. As the composition (weight ratio) of the aggregate, the ratio of cement / fine aggregate / coarse aggregate is preferably 1/0 to 4/0 to 7.

[0017] The components to be mixed in the cement composition of the present invention as necessary include water reducing agents, hardening accelerators, water retention agents, foam stabilizers, polymer dispersions, defoamers,
There are a colorant, a rust preventive, and the like, which can be appropriately selected and mixed therewith. With respect to the amount of admixture, the admixture excluding the polymer dispersion is 0.1% with respect to the cement.
The range of 01 to 10% by weight is appropriate, and the range of 1 to 30% by weight of the polymer solid content is appropriate for polymer dispersion. In the case of directly pouring into water, it is preferable to use a cellulose-based or acrylic-based admixture as an inseparable admixture in water.

[0018] If necessary, the components to be mixed are:
Blast furnace scrub powder is suitable. There are converter slag powder, fly ash, natural pozzolan powder, cement expander, glass fiber, piniron fiber, carbon fiber, steel fiber, etc., which are appropriately selected and mixed. It is preferable to use a compounding component (admixture) that causes a pozzolanic reaction with the cement, such as blast furnace scrub powder, from the viewpoint of suppressing the elution of the alkali component of the cement from the hardened cement. The amount of such an admixture is 1 to 200% by weight based on the cement.
Is suitably within the range. There are various types of cement expanders, but a range of 0 to 15% by weight based on the cement is preferred. As a fiber-based admixture, highly rigid glass fiber, carbon fiber, steel fiber or the like is preferable, and various commercially available products for mixing these cements, for example, in the case of glass fiber, a bundled type having a length of 0.1 to 20 mm is used. And steel fibers having a diameter of 0.5 x a length of 0.1 to 30 mm can be used. The mixing amount of these fibers with cement is preferably in the range of 0 to 10% by volume ratio. Organic fibers such as vinylon fibers are effective in improving brittleness, and various commercial products for mixing these cements, for example, a length of 1 to 20 mm for a bundle type and a length of 2 to 20 for a monofilament type.
2,000 denier x 1 to 30 mm length can be used. The mixing ratio of these fibers to cement is suitably in the range of 0 to 5% by volume. The incorporation of a fiber-based admixture is extremely preferable as a reinforcing material for the porous cured body of the present invention. In particular, by using a combination of high rigidity fibers and low rigidity organic fibers, the brittleness of the cured body is significantly improved. be able to. The ratio of the high-rigidity fiber to the organic fiber is preferably about 1 / 0.1 to 0.5 by weight. other,
As a method of putting fibers into the cured body, the fibers can be embedded in the cured body by previously laying continuous fibers on the surface to be cast of the cured cement body of the present invention.

[0019] The hardened body of the cement composition containing the coated granular fertilizer and / or the fertilizer-impregnated granular material of the present invention must be porous. This is made porous so that when the cured product is installed as a revetment for rivers, for example, water permeability and air permeability are imparted, so that microorganisms can easily penetrate into the cured product and become coated powdery particles. Decompose the fertilizer coating layer, or, from the fertilizer-impregnated powder, the fertilizer is eluted through the stomata together with water, and it becomes terrestrial plants, aqueous plants,
Effective as nutrients for algae and microorganisms. In addition, the voids and pores of the hardened body help to replenish the water and respiration of the roots of the plant, help the plant adhere to the hardened body, prevent the plant from tipping over and runoff due to wind and rainwater, and promote plant growth I do.

As a method for obtaining a porous cement hardened body of the present invention, the cement hardened body according to claim 1 (hereinafter also referred to as hardened body 1) includes, for example, three types of a, b and c described below. A method of mixing bubbles is preferred. The method a) comprises preparing a cement composition containing cement, coated powder granular fertilizer and / or fertilizer-impregnated powder, other necessary materials and a foaming agent, adding water to the cement composition, and mechanically adding This is a method in which air bubbles are included in concrete (hardened body 1) obtained by kneading and hardening (commonly called a mixed foam method). The cured cement composition of the present invention can be formed into a molded product by filling the kneaded cement composition in a mold or the like and curing. The method (a) will be described in more detail. The coated granular fertilizer and / or the fertilizer-impregnated powder, cement, aggregate, water, air entraining agent and other desired admixtures (materials) are mixed and kneaded, Bubbles are generated in the composition. The adjustment of the air amount in the method a) is performed by adjusting the mixing amount of the air entraining agent, the kneading time, and the like. As the type of the air entraining agent, there are commercially available products such as a glue (protein) type, a resin soap (rosin) type, and a surfactant type, which can be appropriately selected and used. The amount of air entraining agent to be mixed depends on the type of air entraining agent to be used, the amount of air to be included in the compounded components to be mixed, the type and amount of admixture (eg, blast furnace slag fine powder), the type of aggregate, and their inorganic materials. It varies depending on the particle size and amount of the material, the mixing order, the shape and dimensions of the mixer and the stirring blade, the stirring time, etc., but is preferably 0.01 to 2% based on the cement. The size of the generated bubbles is preferably about 0.1 to 2 mm.

The degree of porosity of the cured body 1 in the method a is conveniently represented by the amount of air in terms of management when the cured body 1 is produced. The preferred amount of air varies depending on the place of use and the shape and size of the cured product 1, but is preferably 7 to 60%, more preferably 10 to 50%. Low air volume,
If it is less than 7%, the water permeability and air permeability are low, and the object of the present invention is not met. When the air volume is 70% or more, water permeability,
Although the air permeability is satisfactory, the strength of the cured product 1 is significantly reduced, which is not preferable.

As a method for curing and curing the porous composition of the present invention kneaded by the method a, the composition is poured into a mold and then cured at room temperature or cured by heating with steam or the like. Thereafter, a method of removing the mold and forming a molded product can be adopted. Underwater curing can be continued if necessary. Note that the coating layer of the coated granular fertilizer or the organic or inorganic coating layer of the fertilizer-impregnated powder needs to be set to conditions that will not be extremely destroyed by steam, heat, cement alkali, etc. during curing. There is. In the method (b), a cement composition containing cement, coated granular fertilizer and / or fertilizer-impregnated powder, and other necessary materials is prepared, kneaded with the cement composition and water, and then mixed. This is a method in which foam produced from a foaming machine is mixed, cured, and bubbles are contained in the cured product 1 (commonly known as a mixed foam method). The cured cement of the present invention can be formed into a molded product by filling the composition in a mold or the like and curing the composition.

In the method (b), kneaded in advance with a coated granular fertilizer and / or a fertilizer-impregnated powder, cement, aggregate, other necessary admixture (material), and a required minimum amount of water. Separately, an aqueous solution of a foaming agent, which is one type of air entraining agent, and a soft cream-like foam made from a foaming machine are mixed, and the foaming is included in the composition. It is a method of including. Adjustment of the amount of air in the method b is performed by adjusting the amount of foam to be mixed. The appropriate amount of air contained in the cured product 1 is the same as in the method a. The foaming agent to be used is appropriately selected from those described in the above-mentioned method a. The size of bubbles generated in the cured product is about 0.1 to 2 mm.

As the coated granular fertilizer and / or the fertilizer-impregnated powdery granules, those similar to those described in the above-mentioned method a can be appropriately selected, and the composition can be determined in the same manner as in the method a. As the cement, those similar to those described in the above-mentioned method a may be appropriately selected, and the mixing may be determined in the same manner as in the method a. The aggregate that can be used is appropriately selected from those described in the above-mentioned method a, and the composition can be determined in the same manner as in the method a. As the admixture to be mixed as required, those similar to those described in the above-mentioned method a can be appropriately selected and used. Thus, as the method for curing and curing the composition kneaded by the method b, a method similar to that described in the method a can be appropriately selected and set.
The method (c) comprises preparing a cement composition containing cement, a coated powder fertilizer and / or a fertilizer-impregnated powder, and an admixture that generates gas together with other necessary materials, and gas bubbles are generated by a chemical reaction. This is a method in which air bubbles are included in a cured body 1 generated and cured (commonly referred to as a post-form method). The cured cement of the present invention can be formed into a molded product by filling the composition in a mold or the like and curing the composition.

The hydrated cement is porous and essentially hydrophilic, and in the cured product 1 of the present invention, the cement paste or the mortar contains a large number of air bubbles. A large number of pores formed by communicating a plurality of bubbles are formed, and the water permeability and air permeability of the cured body 1 are significantly increased. Its characteristics are almost proportional to the amount of bubbles.
In preparing the cured product 1, there is no particular limitation on the method of mixing the composition and the order of charging the materials, and the composition of the present invention can be mixed using a common mixer.

In the method (c), a cement composition comprising a coated granular fertilizer and / or a fertilizer-impregnated powder, cement, an aggregate, a gas generating agent, water and other necessary admixtures (materials) is kneaded. Generate gas to contain bubbles. Adjustment of the foaming amount in the method c is performed by adjusting the amount of the gas generating agent. The appropriate amount of bubbles to be contained in the cured product 1 is the same as in the method a. Examples of the gas generating agent to be used include aluminum fine powder, an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and the like. In the case of aluminum fine powder, the content is preferably 0.02 to 1% with respect to cement, and if necessary, a gas generation accelerator, a foam stabilizer, a hardening accelerator, and the like can be used in combination. In the case of a 35% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, the amount is preferably 0.1 to 2% based on cement, and if necessary, a gas generation accelerator, a bubble stabilizer, a curing accelerator, and the like can be used in combination. The size of the bubbles generated in the cured product is preferably about 0.1 to 3 mm.

As the coated granular fertilizer and / or the fertilizer-impregnated powdery granules, those similar to those described in the above-mentioned method a are appropriately selected, and the blending can be determined in the same manner as in the method a. As the cement, those similar to those described in the above-mentioned method a are appropriately selected, and the mixing can be determined in the same manner as in the method a. As the aggregate that can be used, those similar to those described in the above-mentioned method a are appropriately selected, and the composition can be determined in the same manner as in the method a. As the admixture to be mixed as necessary, those similar to those described in the above-mentioned method a can be appropriately selected and used. As a method for curing and curing the composition kneaded by the method c, a method similar to that described in the method a described above can be appropriately selected and set.

Of the methods a, b, and c, the method a is relatively simple, but the present invention can also be used as a combined method by combining the respective methods. FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure of the porous cured body 1 cured by the methods a, b, and c. 1 is aggregate, 2
Is a cement paste or mortar, 3 is an air bubble, 7 is a coated granular fertilizer and / or a fertilizer-impregnated powder. It can be seen that between the aggregate, the coated granular fertilizer and / or the fertilizer-impregnated granular material, a cement pesto or mortar containing many air bubbles is clogged. Because hydrated cement is porous and inherently hydrophilic, and contains many pores,
Since the cured product 1 of the present invention has water permeability and air permeability and contains a fertilizing effect component, it is suitable for growing plants and algae.

Next, a method for producing the cured product 2 according to the third aspect of the present invention having continuous voids therein will be described. First, a viscous and slightly fluid cement paste or mortar is made from the coated powdered fertilizer and / or fertilizer-impregnated powder, cement, high-performance water reducing agent and other desired admixtures and water. It is necessary for the production of the cured product 2 having continuous voids inside that the coated powdery granular fertilizer and / or the fertilizer-impregnated powdery particles are scattered in the aggregate. (100-Actual rate (%)) is preferably 35% or more of the aggregate, and preferably, the amount of coarse bone is such that the filling rate (J) represented by the following formula (1) is 20 to 75%. Mix the ingredients. This is packed in a mold or the like and cured to obtain a molded product of the cured product 2 of the present invention having continuous voids inside. Formula: (P / v) × 100 = J (where P is the volume of cement paste or mortar, V is the void volume of the coarse aggregate used, and J is the cement paste with respect to the void volume existing between the aggregate particles. Or the filling ratio (%) of the mortar) The voids existing between the particles of the coarse aggregate are cement paste or mortar so that the voids remain, and the particles of the coarse aggregate are bonded with the cement paste or mortar. To The method for preparing the cement paste or the mortar was described in the above-described cured body 1.
It can also be manufactured by a, b, c and a method combining these.

The consistency of the cement paste or mortar is preferably 180 to 270 as a flow value according to JIS R 5201 (physical test of cement).
This value is inversely proportional to the aggregate particle size used. If the flow value is higher than this value, the thickness of the cement paste or mortar layer adhering to the surface of the coarse aggregate particles becomes small, the bonding area between the coarse aggregates is small, and the strength of the cured product 2 is low. On the other hand, if the flow value is lower than this value, the thickness of the cement paste or mortar layer adhered to the surface of the coarse aggregate particles becomes uneven, and the bonding area between the coarse aggregates becomes uneven,
Non-uniformity also tends to occur in the strength properties. In addition, as a method of mixing the coated granular fertilizer and / or the fertilizer-impregnated powder granules, when mixing the coarse aggregate without mixing with the cement paste or the mortar, the remaining coated powder granular fertilizer and / or the fertilizer-impregnated powder granules are mixed. The body can be mixed together.

The amount of voids in the cured product 2 can be adjusted mainly by adjusting the filling rate (J), that is, by adjusting the volume (P) of the cement paste or mortar. It is also possible by adjusting the rate. If the filling rate (J) is less than 20%, the voids in the cured body 2 are large and the water permeability and air permeability are high, but the bond between the coarse aggregates is weak because the volume (P) of the cement paste or mortar is small. And the strength of the cured body 2 is impaired, which is not preferred. On the other hand, when the filling rate (J) exceeds 75%, the voids existing between the coarse aggregates are excessively filled with cement paste or mortar, and the water permeability and air permeability of the cured product 2 are impaired. You lose your purpose. But,
The strength of the cured body 2 increases.

The coarse aggregate used for the cured product 2 preferably has a porosity of 35% or more (actual rate 65% or less). If it is less than 35%, it becomes difficult to produce a cured product 2 having continuous voids. Types of aggregate that can be used include gravel, sea gravel, mountain gravel, crushed stone, blast furnace slag crushed stone, converter slag crushed stone, artificial lightweight coarse aggregate, volcanic shaved gravel, pearlite, coal shell, etc. Can be used. If necessary, the particle size is adjusted so as to have an appropriate porosity. Preferred coarse aggregates include crushed stone, blast furnace slag crushed stone, and the like, and preferably have a particle size of 5 to 50 mm,
More preferably, it is 10 to 20 mm.

As the fine aggregate, those exemplified in the above-mentioned method a of the cured body 1 can be appropriately selected and used.
As fine aggregate to be used, the particle size is about 0.1 to 0.3 mm,
The amount of cement / fine aggregate is preferably about 1/1.
As the coated granular fertilizer and / or fertilizer-impregnated powder, those exemplified in the above-mentioned method a of the cured product 1 are appropriately selected, and the blending can be determined in the same manner as the above-mentioned method a. As the cement, those exemplified in the above-mentioned method a of the hardened body 1 can be appropriately selected and used. As the admixture mixed if necessary, those exemplified in the above-mentioned method a can be appropriately selected and used. As the method for curing and curing the porous composition thus obtained, those exemplified in the above-mentioned method a can be appropriately selected.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the cross-sectional structure of the porous cured body 2 thus completed. 4 is an aggregate, 5 is a cement paste or mortar, 6 is a void, 7 is a coated granular fertilizer and / or a fertilizer-impregnated powder. It can be seen that large and small voids are formed between the aggregate, the coated granular fertilizer and the fertilizer-impregnated powder, and that the cement-paste or the cement mortar is clogged. Therefore, the cured product 2 of the present invention has water permeability and air permeability, and contains a fertilizing component, so that it is suitable for growing plants and algae.

The cement-based porous cement hardened material containing the coated powdery granular fertilizer and / or the fertilizer-impregnated powdery material of the present invention thus obtained can be used for cultivated land on the sea or in lakes, rivers, rivers, or on land. When installed in fields, fields, forests, parks, etc., there are pores and / or continuous voids inside, so microorganisms can penetrate through the pores and / or voids, and air, moisture and moisture are replenished, and coated powder and granular fertilizer Is gradually decomposed, or from the fertilizer-impregnated powder granules, the fertilizer component gradually elutes on the surface of the hardened body and around it, and is absorbed by plants and the like. The growth of plants and algae is promoted on the surface of the hardened body and its surroundings at an early stage, and microorganisms also propagate. Moreover, it is useful for the growth of those organisms for a long time. In addition, when the hardened cement body of the present invention is installed in the sea, algae adhere to the surface thereof more rapidly than at the early stage, and the growth rate is large. The pores and / or voids in the cured cement body of the present invention have air permeability and water retention, and continuously supply air and moisture to the roots of the plant. In addition, since the roots of the plant can penetrate into the pores and / or voids, the plant is prevented from rolling over or flowing out due to wind or rainwater. As described above, the hardened cement of the present invention can economically provide a favorable environment for plants. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples. Parts and% in the examples mean parts by weight and% by weight.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Test Examples and Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Test Examples The following tests were performed using the cured cement bodies of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3. Plant Growth Test Test Method Using the block of the cured product 1 produced in Example 1, a flat and sunny flower field was divided outdoors. That is, the four blocks were laid out in a row so that the length direction was east-west, and another row was laid out east-west with the four concrete blocks so as to be parallel at a distance of 21 cm from this. The east and west ends of both rows are connected by two concrete blocks, and the inside dimensions of one section are 64 × 21
cm. The concrete blocks laid out were all set so that 4 cm out of 6 cm in thickness was buried in the soil. In mid-May, about 8 cm on the soil surface on the east-west line centered on the center point in this plot
Open a total of seven small holes with a depth of about 1 cm at equal intervals,
Two commercially available morning glory seeds were added and the holes were backfilled. After the morning glory buds emerged, a total of seven 2-m long struts were set upright on the side of the buds, the growth of the morning glory was observed, and the height of the stem was measured at the end of September. In the case where there was no rain for 3 days or more, the same amount of water was sprayed on all stems.

Using the cellular concrete block produced in Comparative Example 1, a comparative flower field having the same orientation and the same area as above was made near the test flower field, and the morning glory seeds were buried in the same manner on the same day. After coming out, I set up the pillars as above.

Test Results The height of the morning glory stalk from the ground in the test section using the block of the cured product 1 produced in Example 1 was at least 125 to 227 cm, and the average height was 158 cm. Many bloomed. On the other hand, in the section using the cellular concrete block manufactured in Comparative Example 1, the height of the stem from the ground is at least 82 to 143 cm, the average is 122 cm, and flowers having a smaller diameter than the morning glory of the test section are obtained. A few bloomed. From the above results, it can be understood that the cellular concrete molded product, which is the porous hardened cement body 1 containing the coated granular fertilizer of the present invention, is useful for growing plants.

(A) Test for adhesion of algae using the cured product 2 of Example 2 as a test specimen Test method and test results (a) Appearance of test specimen: All test specimens were milled (confectionery)
It is a hardened body having countless large and small voids of 1 to 6 mm. The surface of the crushed stone is almost covered with cement paste, but the surface of the aggregate in contact with the mold is exposed. Although most of the coated granular fertilizer is buried in the cement paste, a part thereof is exposed, and it can be recognized that the coated granular fertilizer is mixed.

(B) Compressive strength: The compressive strength of the six cylindrical specimens after the curing under wet and dry conditions on the 7th (3) and 28th (3) ages was measured. Table 1 shows the results. The eight cylindrical specimens were subjected to wet and dry curing until the 7th, and thereafter to air dry curing until the 28th material age.

(C) Qualitative test on water permeability: The following test was performed on two test pieces. That is, when a cylindrical specimen was set up and 200 ml of water was flowed from the upper surface, both of them immediately flowed downward through the voids in the cured body and were confirmed to be extremely porous cured body. Was.

(D) Algal adhesion test: remaining Example 2
The test specimens of the five cured products 2 were settled in the sea described below for six places and tested for adhesion of algae. Table 2 shows the amount of algae attached. The amount of algae adhered to the test specimen of the present invention was large, and adhesion of anaosa and laver was observed. Location: Seto Inland Sea, 2km west of Awaji Iwaya, 2m deep from the average sea level in natural waters where sunlight enters. Period: 6 months from early September 1998 to early March 1999. For comparison, using the cured product of Comparative Example 2 (porous concrete) and the cured product of Comparative Example 3 (ordinary concrete), an algae adhesion test was performed in the same manner as described above. Table 2 shows the amount of algae attached. The amount of algae adhered to the conventional porous concrete is considerably larger than that of ordinary concrete, but is considerably smaller than that of the hardened body 2 of Example 2 of the present invention.

(E) Flexural strength: The flexural strength of a rectangular sample after curing in wet air on day 7 (three pieces) was measured. The results are shown in Table 1. Table 1: Flexural compressive strength

[Table 1]

Table 2: Algae adhesion amount

[Table 2]

(2) (b) Test of adhesion of algae using cured product 2 of Example 3 Test method and test results (a) Appearance of test specimen: All cured products 2 of Example 3 were tested. The sample is a millet (confectionery) -like, hardened body having countless large and small voids of 1 to 6 mm. The cement paste phase has a reddish brown color due to the mixture of iron oxide powder. Most of the crushed stone surface is reddish brown, but the surface of the aggregate in contact with the formwork is exposed. Although most of the coated granular fertilizer is buried in the cement paste, a part is exposed, and it can be recognized that the coated granular fertilizer is mixed. (B) Qualitative test on water permeability: The above test (2) (a) was conducted on two specimens of the cured product 2 of Example 3 after curing.
As in the test of (c), when water was allowed to flow from the upper surface of the cylindrical specimen, the water immediately passed through the voids in the cured body and flowed downward, confirming that the porous body had become extremely porous. did it. (C) Algae adhesion test: The remaining six specimens were immersed and immersed in the sea for 6 months in the same manner as in the tests (2), (a) and (d) above. Was tested.
The results are shown in Table 2. The amount of algae adhered to the test specimen of the present invention was large, and adhesion of anaosa and laver was observed.

[0046]

[Example] Example 1 [Production of aerated concrete mixed with hardened body 1 coated powdery granular fertilizer] Blast furnace cement B type 100 manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.
Part, 75 parts of artificial lightweight fine aggregate (type: M) manufactured by Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd. equivalent to JIS A 5002, 75 parts of artificial lightweight coarse aggregate, foaming agent (main component: sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate) 1 part, Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd. glass fiber (bundled type, cut length: 6 mm) 3 parts, coated powder granular fertilizer (chemical fertilizer: containing ammonia nitrogen, soluble sharic acid, water soluble potassium, particle size: 1 to 1) 5mm, apparent specific gravity 1.04,
Coating agent: 30 parts of a mixture of urea resin and acrylic resin) and 56 parts of water are kneaded and mixed for 1 minute with a high-speed mixer, and the specific gravity of the ready-mixed concrete is 1.20 (air amount obtained by calculation: 26
%) Of the concrete containing the powdered granular fertilizer. From this concrete, dimensions, length: 21cm, width: 10
cm, thickness: make a 6cm concrete block,
The wet-curing curing was carried out at room temperature for one week, and the air-dry curing was carried out for another two weeks.

Example 2 (Production of Porous Concrete Containing Hardened Body 2 Coated Powdered Granular Fertilizer) 100 parts of blast furnace cement B, 0.6 parts of Kao Corporation's high performance water reducing agent (Mighty 150), and 28 parts of water By mixing and mixing, a cement paste having a flow value of 205 mm is prepared and coated with granular fertilizer (chemical fertilizer: containing ammonia nitrogen, soluble phosphoric acid, water soluble potassium, particle size: 1 to 5 mm,
30 parts of an apparent specific gravity: 1.04, coating material: a mixed system of urea resin / acrylic resin) are mixed and kneaded to prepare a cement paste mixed with coated powder fertilizer having a flow value (the method of JIS R 5201) of 190 mm. Was

Next, in this fertilizer grain-mixed cement mortar, the filling rate (J value of the formula (1) in the text) of the crushed stone (porosity: 42%) having a particle size of 15 to 20 mm becomes 40%. Was mixed as follows. Its specific gravity was 1.88 and the porosity was 22.7%. This is diameter 15 x height 30c
14 m and 10 cm x 10 cm x 40 cm
Were filled into six rectangular parallelepiped molds to form test specimens. Thereafter, the wet-air curing was performed at 20 ° C. for one day, and then the mold was released. The wet-air curing was further continued.

Example 3 (Production of Porous Concrete Containing Hardened Body 2 Coated Powdered Granular Fertilizer) Blast Furnace Cement Type B 100 parts, iron oxide powder (specific gravity:
6.52) 43 parts, 0.64 part of high performance water reducing material (Mighty 150) manufactured by Kao Corporation and 35.8 parts of water are kneaded and mixed to form a cement paste having a flow value of 202 mm, and this is coated with granular powder. Fertilizer (same as used in Example 1) 30
The parts were blended and kneaded to make a coated particulate fertilizer cement paste with a flow value of 198. Next, the filling rate (J value of the formula (1) in the text) is applied to the voids of crushed stone (specific gravity: 2.69, porosity: 41%) having a particle size of 13 to 20 mm in the cement paste mixed with the coated powdery granular fertilizer. Mix to 40%. Its specific gravity is 1.91 and its porosity is 2
2.5%. This is 15cm in diameter x 30cm in height
Was filled into eight cylindrical forms. Thereafter, the wet-air curing was performed at 20 ° C. for one day, and then the mold was removed. Specimens were further added to material age 7
The wet curing was performed until the day, and thereafter, the air-dry curing was performed until the age of 28 days.

Comparative Example 1 An aerated concrete block was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coated granular fertilizer was not mixed. Comparative Example 2 (porous concrete) Blast furnace cement B class 100 parts, Kao Corporation high performance water reducing agent (Mighty 150) 0.5 part,
24 parts of water were kneaded to make a cement paste with a flow value of 196 mm. This cement paste has a particle size of 15
Crushed stone of ２０20 mm (specific gravity: 2.69, porosity: 42%)
Was mixed so that the filling rate (J value in the formula (1) in the text) was 40%. This had a specific gravity of 1.91 and a porosity of 23.7%. This was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2 to prepare a porous concrete cylindrical specimen.

Comparative Example 3 (ordinary concrete) 100 parts of blast furnace cement B type, 200 parts of river sand (specific gravity: 2.59, coarse particle ratio: 2.85), crushed stone (particle size: 5 to 20 mm, specific gravity: 2.70) ) 350 parts, water cement ratio: 50% air content: 2.7%, slump: 1
A 35 mm cylindrical crushed concrete was kneaded and mixed, and a cylindrical sample was produced in the same manner as in Example 2. Thereafter, demolding and curing conditions were produced in the same manner as in Example 2.

The cured cement body of the present invention has the above-mentioned structure and is therefore suitable for growing plants, algae, microorganisms and fish.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cross-sectional structure of a porous cured body 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cross-sectional structure of a porous cured body 2 of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Aggregate 2 Cement paste or mortar 3 Air bubbles 4 Aggregate 5 Cement paste or mortar 6 Void 7 Coated granular fertilizer and / or fertilizer impregnated powder

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission Date] August 19, 1999 (1999.8.1)
9)

[Procedure amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Full text

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[Document Name] Statement

Title of the Invention Hardened porous cement containing coated fertilizer granules

[Claims]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a granular fertilizer whose surface is coated with an organic or inorganic material (hereinafter referred to as a coated granular fertilizer) and / or an organic or inorganic fertilizer impregnated with a fertilizer component. Cured product of a cement composition containing a porous granular material (hereinafter referred to as a fertilizer-impregnated granular material), wherein the cured product is provided with air bubbles, pores and / or continuous voids. The present invention relates to a cured porous cement such as concrete. When this porous cement hardened body is installed as a revetment, for example, for rivers and coasts, or as an underwater fish reef or seaweed bed formation material, it has pores and / or continuous voids inside, so that microorganisms can pass through the pores and / or voids. Infiltration and further supply of air, moisture and moisture to the porous cement hardened material, the coating layer of the coated granular fertilizer is gradually decomposed, or the surface of the hardened material and its surroundings are removed from the fertilizer-impregnated powdered granule. Fertilizer components gradually elute. Therefore, nutrients are supplied, and the growth of plants, algae, and microorganisms is promoted from the early stage on and around the surface of the hardened body, and furthermore, the growth of plants, algae, and microorganisms is supported over a long period of time, creating a basis for inhabiting diverse organisms. Will be.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, cement concrete has been used for many civil engineering buildings and has made a significant contribution to economic and cultural development. However, recently, cement concrete has been used as a material for creating a favorable environment for living things including humans. Is required. For example, it has been applied as a sound absorbing plate for improving the heat insulating property by including air bubbles in concrete to save energy for cooling and heating of a building, or as a sound absorbing plate for improving sound absorbing property and preventing noise diffusion. In addition, the concrete for pavement material is made porous to improve drainage, and not only to transfer rainwater to the underground but also to provide ventilation, and to improve the habitat of small organisms under the pavement surface. ing. In addition, micro-organisms can be inhabited on the surface, inside or around them by making the concrete used to protect the surface soil on slopes, seawalls, rivers, lakes, etc. It creates an environment that is easy to do. However, in the case of conventional concrete containing air bubbles or porous concrete, or those in which the shape has been devised, for example, before the plants naturally grow in the recesses of the installed concrete, first, the recesses are formed. Dust and sand must accumulate, plant seeds fly and land, germinate, and nutrients must be replenished continuously. It will take quite a few years for that to happen. If the plants are actively germinated and allowed to grow satisfactorily, there is a problem that considerable man-hours, time, and cost are required for dispersing the soil, seeds, dispersing and supplying nutrients [fertilizer], and the like. Among them, the application of soil and seeds is indispensable, but the man-hours required for application and supply of fertilizers should be reduced or omitted if possible. If realized, the technical or economic effects are expected to be extremely large.

It is also known that, when this kind of porous concrete is cast or a molded body is sunk in the water or in the sea, algae are more likely to adhere to the surface than ordinary concrete. However, it will take considerable time to reach that point. If there is a means of shortening the period and growing aggressively attached algae and aquatic plants, such means can be used on coasts and seabeds in areas where seafood resources are being depleted, such as seawall blocks and fish reefs. If applied as a molded product, it can be expected to contribute to the restoration of the natural environment and the conservation and securing of marine resources.

[0004]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention requires a small number of man-hours, time and cost, which cannot be achieved by conventional concrete containing air bubbles or concrete made porous.
At the early stage, plant growth and algae adhesion and growth are observed, and
As a result of intensive research on concrete and the like that provide an environment where the growth proceeds smoothly, the above object was achieved by using a porous hardened cement composition containing coated granular fertilizer and / or fertilizer impregnated powder. It has been found that the present invention can be achieved, and the present invention has been achieved.

[0005]

That is, the present invention relates to a cured product of a cement composition containing a coated granular fertilizer and / or a fertilizer-impregnated powder, wherein the cured product has air bubbles, pores and / or continuous particles therein. It is a porous hardened cement body having voids. In the present invention, as components other than the coated particulate fertilizer and / or the fertilizer-impregnated powder contained in the cement composition, cement, aggregate, air entraining material and / or gas generating agent, gas bubbles, water and other desired admixtures The present invention is a porous cured product (cured product 1) obtained by curing a cement composition containing these components as essential or preferred compounding components. Claim 3
The present invention comprises a binder comprising cement and, if necessary, an admixture (material) in which coated granular fertilizer and / or fertilizer-impregnated powder is dispersed in the aggregate and has continuous voids therein. It is a porous cement hardened product (hardened product 2) obtained by hardening a cement composition.

As the granular fertilizer having a coated surface, a fertilizer made of a chemical fertilizer, a chemical fertilizer, a compound fertilizer, a compound fertilizer, or the like, and the surface coated with an organic or inorganic material can be used. The granulated fertilizer used in the present invention contains nutrients necessary for plant growth, that is, nitrogen, phosphorus,
Potassium, silicon and other minor components such as magnesium,
Iron, nickel, zinc, manganese, cobalt, boron, molybdenum, copper, those containing an appropriate amount of sulfur and other components, or those containing a so-called organic fertilizer obtained from the natural world are used, It can be appropriately selected and used so as to match the algae or aquatic plants to be grown. As the organic coating material of the coated granular fertilizer used in the present invention, a resin that has a certain degree of alkali resistance, is suitable for growing plants, and is decomposed by microorganisms is preferably used. The resin layer used for coating the granular fertilizer may be a single layer, but may be a multiple layer in which a plurality of resins are combined and a plurality of coatings are performed.
Further, the coated granular fertilizer used in the present invention may be a mixture of two or more types of granular fertilizers each coated with a different resin at an appropriate ratio. If necessary, a resin composition in which an inorganic filler (filler), for example, silica, calcium carbonate, talc, kaolin, diatomaceous earth, or the like is blended with the resin for coating may be used. Further, as the coated granular fertilizer, those obtained by coating the above-mentioned inorganic powder or various cement powders on a coated resin layer can also be used.

[0007] Suitable resins used as the organic coating material include polyethylene (PE), chlorinated polyethylene, polypropylene (PP), chlorinated polypropylene,
Paraffin wax, olefin resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride copolymer resin, ethylene-vinyl chloride copolymer resin, styrene resin, petroleum resin, ester gum, rosin, penzoquanamine resin, phenol resin, Alkyd resin, polyester resin, urethane resin, epoxy resin, xylene resin, polyamide resin, etc., which are melted by heat or dissolved in organic solvent, and coated on the surface of powdered fertilizer under appropriate conditions Is done. In addition, in the reaction type resin,
An appropriate amount of an appropriate curing agent is added and used as a coating material within the pot life.

As an organic coating material, a material called a resin emulsion or rubber latex dispersed in water can be used. Such resins or rubbers include alkyl acrylate resins, styrene / acrylic copolymer resins, vinyl acetate resins, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer resins, ethylene / higher fatty acid vinyl ester / vinyl acetate copolymer resins, vinyl acetate / higher fatty acids Vinyl ester copolymer resin, vinyl acetate / higher fatty acid vinyl ester / acryl copolymer resin, vinyl acetate / acryl copolymer resin, ethylene / vinyl chloride copolymer resin, ethylene / vinyl chloride / vinyl acetate copolymer resin, styrene / butadiene copolymer Polymerized resin, acrylonitrile / butadiene copolymer resin, acrylic / butadiene copolymer resin, natural rubber, chloroprene resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinylidene chloride resin,
Examples thereof include a vinyl chloride / vinylidene chloride copolymer resin, a urethane resin, an epoxy resin, and an alkyd resin. These resins are coated on the surface of the granular fertilizer under appropriate conditions. In the case of a reaction type resin, an appropriate amount of an appropriate curing agent is added and used as a coating material within a pot life.

As the organic coating material, a resin dissolved in water can be used. Examples of such a resin include a urea resin, a melanin resin, and a urea-melanin co-condensation resin, which are coated on the surface of the granular fertilizer under appropriate conditions. In addition, these resins are preferably used as a coating material by mixing with the resin in a state of being dispersed in water from the properties thereof, and further provided as a coating material by adding an appropriate curing agent as needed. You. As the inorganic coating material of the coated granular fertilizer used in the present invention, ordinary Portland cement, white Portland cement, early-strength Portland cement, blast furnace cement, fly ash cement,
Examples include various cement powders such as alumina cement, colloidal silica, water glass, gypsum, and sulfur. Of these, alumina cement, gypsum, sulfur and the like are preferably used. As the inorganic coating material, when using cement or gypsum, use a weak alkaline cement as the cement, reduce the water-cement ratio, and, if necessary, a viscosity modifier for a water-soluble polymer such as methylcellulose, a curing accelerator, It is preferable to use other various admixtures (materials), resin emulsions or rubber latexes in combination. When sulfur is used as the inorganic coating material, the sulfur is usually melted by heating to coat the surface of the granular fertilizer, but if necessary, the above-mentioned various synthetic resins and inorganic fillers are added. You can also.

[0010] When a coated granular fertilizer or a fertilizer-impregnated powder containing sulfur as a main component of the coating material is mixed into the cement composition of the present invention, the sulfur is decomposed over time to form sulfuric acid or sulfate, Care must be taken when mixing them in large quantities, as it weakens the hardened cement.
Therefore, when sulfur is used as the coating material, the amount of sulfur used should be appropriately adjusted.

In producing the coated powdery fertilizer, an organic material and an inorganic material can be combined and coated as a coating material. For example, it is also possible to first coat the particulate fertilizer with an organic material, and then coat an inorganic material thereon. Alternatively, the granular fertilizer can be coated in the reverse order. Further, by repeating the coating operation process of each material a plurality of times, a composite coating layer can be obtained.

As described above, the powdered and granular fertilizer can be broadly classified into those coated with an organic material, those coated with an inorganic material, and those having a composite coating layer. At the time of use, they can be appropriately selected from them so as to effectively act on the growth of plants, algae, and microorganisms, or can be blended at an appropriate ratio to be used as a cement composition component. The coating amount of the organic or inorganic material on the surface of the particulate fertilizer must be such that the components in the fertilizer are less likely to be chemically affected by the alkali component of the cement. Further, the amount of the cement must be such that the components in the fertilizer are hardly delayed by the hardening or hindered in the development of the strength. As the amount of coating for that, the components in the granular fertilizer,
Although it depends on the particle size, particle size distribution, type of resin used for coating, coating method, and the like, it is preferably at least 2% or more in terms of the weight of the coating resin relative to the weight of the granular fertilizer.
As the coating method, there are a pan coating method, a rolling coating method, a rotary method, a fluidized bed method, a jet flow method and the like, which can be appropriately selected and adopted. The particle diameter of the coated granular fertilizer is preferably 0.001 to 30 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 10 mm, most preferably 1 to 5 mm. The apparent specific gravity is 0.5
The thing of about 2.0 is preferable.

The fertilizer-impregnated powder of the present invention is obtained by immersing a dried inorganic or organic porous powder in water in which a fertilizer component is dispersed or dissolved, and removing the fertilizer component from the porous material. It is made by adsorbing on powders and drying. Examples of the inorganic porous powder include, for example, a heat-expanded powder aggregate obtained by pulverizing and firing shale or clay, or a heat-expanded powder aggregate obtained by pulverizing and granulating the same raw material soil and firing. Pulverized particles of fired materials such as bricks, crushed particles of pottery and porcelain, porous glass powder, powder and particles of pearlite, vermiculite, volcanic debris, crushed and fired natural stones such as perlite and black stone Granules made of pumice, coal shell, and the like can be used. As an organic porous powder, a synthetic resin or the like is foamed.
There are resin base materials such as polyurethane, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, and synthetic rubber. Among the foamed products, those having hydrophilicity and large water absorption are preferable. The water in which the fertilizer components are dispersed or dissolved is made to contain appropriate amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon and other necessary trace components as described for the coated granular fertilizer. Higher concentrations are preferred. In making the fertilizer-impregnated powder, the inorganic or organic porous powder is dried in advance by heating, blowing, etc., and immersed for a certain time in water in which the fertilizer component is dispersed or dissolved, and the fertilizer component is dried. It is preferable that the resin is impregnated and absorbed, then pulled up, dried by heating, blowing or the like.

The amount of impregnation of the fertilizer component into the porous powder is preferably 1 to 200% by weight solids. If necessary, the surface of the obtained porous granular material may be subjected to a coating treatment using the same organic or inorganic material as used for the above-mentioned coated granular fertilizer. There is an advantage that the amount of coating in this case can be smaller than when making the coated granular fertilizer.

The particle size of the fertilizer-impregnated powdery granules is the same as that of the above-mentioned coated powdery granular fertilizers, and preferably 0.001 to 30 mm. From this, those having a size of 1 to 5 mm can be sieved and used. Fertilizer impregnated granules of large particle size can be used as part of coarse aggregate. The apparent specific gravity is preferably 0.1 to 2.0, more preferably 0.1 to 2.0.
It is in the range of 5-1.5. The amount of the coated granular fertilizer and / or the fertilizer-impregnated powder granules mixed into the cement composition of the present invention is as follows:
Preferably 0.1 to 150% by weight of cement,
More preferably, it is 10 to 50%, and it can be appropriately selected so as to meet the purpose of use of the porous cured cement of the present invention. Either the coated granular fertilizer or the fertilizer-impregnated granular material may be mixed alone, or both may be used in an appropriate ratio. Examples of the cement used in the present invention include ordinary Portland cement, early-strength Portland cement, ultra-high-strength Portland cement, ultra-rapid hardening cement, alumina cement, blast furnace cement, fly ash cement, sulfate-resistant Portland cement, silica cement and the like. Since the porous hardened cement of the present invention has many chances to come into contact with plants, algae, etc., it is preferable that the cement hardly dissolves the alkali component. From that aspect, it is preferable to use a mixed cement such as blast furnace cement.

Examples of aggregates to be added to the cement composition of the present invention include fine aggregates such as sand, sea sand, mountain sand, crushed sand, blast furnace slag sand, converter slag sand, artificial lightweight coarse aggregate, and volcanic rock. Sand, vermiculite, perlite, etc., and coarse aggregates include gravel, sea gravel, mountain gravel, crushed stone, blast furnace slag crushed stone, converter slag crushed stone, artificial lightweight coarse aggregate, volcanic shaved gravel, coal shell, perlite, etc. And any of them can be appropriately selected and used. If necessary, an iron-based aggregate containing a part of an iron element in an amount of 5% or more by weight of iron element can be used. Examples of the iron-based aggregate include coarse or fine aggregate obtained by crushing iron ore or converter scrub, or various iron oxide powders, as well as iron dust and iron dust powder. As the composition (weight ratio) of the aggregate, the ratio of cement / fine aggregate / coarse aggregate is preferably 1/0 to 4/0 to 7.

[0017] The components to be mixed in the cement composition of the present invention as necessary include water reducing agents, hardening accelerators, water retention agents, foam stabilizers, polymer dispersions, defoamers,
There are a colorant, a rust preventive, and the like, which can be appropriately selected and mixed therewith. With respect to the amount of admixture, the admixture excluding the polymer dispersion is 0.1% with respect to the cement.
The range of 01 to 10% by weight is appropriate, and the range of 1 to 30% by weight of the polymer solid content is appropriate for polymer dispersion. In the case of directly pouring into water, it is preferable to use a cellulose-based or acrylic-based admixture as an inseparable admixture in water.

[0018] If necessary, the components to be mixed are:
Blast furnace scrub powder is suitable. There are converter slag powder, fly ash, natural pozzolan powder, cement expander, glass fiber, piniron fiber, carbon fiber, steel fiber, etc., which are appropriately selected and mixed. It is preferable to use a compounding component (admixture) that causes a pozzolanic reaction with the cement, such as blast furnace scrub powder, from the viewpoint of suppressing the elution of the alkali component of the cement from the hardened cement. The amount of such an admixture is 1 to 200% by weight based on the cement.
Is suitably within the range. There are various types of cement expanders, but a range of 0 to 15% by weight based on the cement is preferred. As the fiber-based admixture, highly rigid glass fibers, carbon fibers, steel fibers, and the like are preferable, and various commercially available products for mixing these cements, for example, a glass fiber bundled type having a length of 0.1 to 20 mm In addition, steel fibers having a diameter of 0.5 × length of 0.1 to 30 mm can be used. The mixing ratio of these fibers to cement is preferably in the range of 0 to 10% by volume. Organic fibers such as vinylon fibers are effective in improving brittleness, and various commercial products for mixing these cements, for example, a length of 1 to 20 mm for a bundle type and a length of 2 to 20 for a monofilament type.
2,000 denier x 1 to 30 mm length can be used. The mixing ratio of these fibers to cement is suitably in the range of 0 to 5% by volume. The incorporation of a fiber-based admixture is extremely preferable as a reinforcing material for the porous cured body of the present invention. In particular, by using a combination of high rigidity fibers and low rigidity organic fibers, the brittleness of the cured body is significantly improved. be able to. The ratio of the high-rigidity fiber to the organic fiber is preferably about 1 / 0.1 to 0.5 by weight. other,
As a method of putting fibers into the cured body, the fibers can be embedded in the cured body by previously laying continuous fibers on the surface to be cast of the cured cement body of the present invention.

[0019] The hardened body of the cement composition containing the coated granular fertilizer and / or the fertilizer-impregnated granular material of the present invention must be porous. This is made porous so that when the cured product is installed as a revetment for rivers, for example, water permeability and air permeability are imparted, so that microorganisms can easily penetrate into the cured product and become coated powdery particles. Decompose the fertilizer coating layer, or, from the fertilizer-impregnated powder, the fertilizer is eluted through the stomata together with water, and it becomes terrestrial plants, aqueous plants,
Effective as nutrients for algae and microorganisms. In addition, the voids and pores of the hardened body help to replenish the water and respiration of the roots of the plant, help the plant adhere to the hardened body, prevent the plant from tipping over and runoff due to wind and rainwater, and promote plant growth I do.

As a method for obtaining a porous cement hardened body of the present invention, the cement hardened body according to claim 1 (hereinafter also referred to as hardened body 1) includes, for example, three types of a, b and c described below. A method of mixing bubbles is preferred. The method a) comprises preparing a cement composition containing cement, coated powder granular fertilizer and / or fertilizer-impregnated powder, other necessary materials and a foaming agent, adding water to the cement composition, and mechanically adding This is a method in which air bubbles are included in concrete (hardened body 1) obtained by kneading and hardening (commonly called a mixed foam method). The cured cement composition of the present invention can be formed into a molded product by filling the kneaded cement composition in a mold or the like and curing. The method (a) will be described in more detail. The coated granular fertilizer and / or the fertilizer-impregnated powder, cement, aggregate, water, air entraining agent and other desired admixtures (materials) are mixed and kneaded, Bubbles are generated in the composition. The adjustment of the air amount in the method a) is performed by adjusting the mixing amount of the air entraining agent, the kneading time, and the like. As the type of the air entraining agent, there are commercially available products such as a glue (protein) type, a resin soap (rosin) type, and a surfactant type, which can be appropriately selected and used. The amount of air entraining agent to be mixed depends on the type of air entraining agent to be used, the amount of air to be included in the compounded components to be mixed, the type and amount of admixture (eg, blast furnace slag fine powder), the type of aggregate, and their inorganic materials. It varies depending on the particle size and amount of the material, the mixing order, the shape and dimensions of the mixer and the stirring blade, the stirring time, etc., but is preferably 0.01 to 2% based on the cement. The size of the generated bubbles is preferably about 0.1 to 2 mm.

The degree of porosity of the cured body 1 in the method a is conveniently represented by the amount of air in terms of management when the cured body 1 is produced. The preferred amount of air varies depending on the place of use and the shape and size of the cured product 1, but is preferably 7 to 60%, more preferably 10 to 50%. Low air volume,
If it is less than 7%, the water permeability and air permeability are low, and the object of the present invention is not met. When the air volume is 70% or more, water permeability,
Although the air permeability is satisfactory, the strength of the cured product 1 is significantly reduced, which is not preferable.

As a method for curing and curing the porous composition of the present invention kneaded by the method a, the composition is poured into a mold and then cured at room temperature or cured by heating with steam or the like. Thereafter, a method of removing the mold and forming a molded product can be adopted. Underwater curing can be continued if necessary. Note that the coating layer of the coated granular fertilizer or the organic or inorganic coating layer of the fertilizer-impregnated powder needs to be set to conditions that will not be extremely destroyed by steam, heat, cement alkali, etc. during curing. There is. In the method (b), a cement composition containing cement, coated granular fertilizer and / or fertilizer-impregnated powder, and other necessary materials is prepared, kneaded with the cement composition and water, and then mixed. This is a method in which foam produced from a foaming machine is mixed, cured, and bubbles are contained in the cured product 1 (commonly known as a mixed foam method). The cured cement of the present invention can be formed into a molded product by filling the composition in a mold or the like and curing the composition.

In the method (b), kneaded in advance with a coated granular fertilizer and / or a fertilizer-impregnated powder, cement, aggregate, other necessary admixture (material), and a required minimum amount of water. Separately, an aqueous solution of a foaming agent, which is one type of air entraining agent, and a soft cream-like foam made from a foaming machine are mixed, and the foaming is included in the composition. It is a method of including. Adjustment of the amount of air in the method b is performed by adjusting the amount of foam to be mixed. The appropriate amount of air contained in the cured product 1 is the same as in the method a. The foaming agent to be used is appropriately selected from those described in the above-mentioned method a. The size of bubbles generated in the cured product is about 0.1 to 2 mm.

As the coated granular fertilizer and / or the fertilizer-impregnated powdery granules, those similar to those described in the above-mentioned method a can be appropriately selected, and the composition can be determined in the same manner as in the method a. As the cement, those similar to those described in the above-mentioned method a may be appropriately selected, and the mixing may be determined in the same manner as in the method a. The aggregate that can be used is appropriately selected from those described in the above-mentioned method a, and the composition can be determined in the same manner as in the method a. As the admixture to be mixed as required, those similar to those described in the above-mentioned method a can be appropriately selected and used. Thus, as the method for curing and curing the composition kneaded by the method b, a method similar to that described in the method a can be appropriately selected and set.
The method (c) comprises preparing a cement composition containing cement, a coated powder fertilizer and / or a fertilizer-impregnated powder, and an admixture that generates gas together with other necessary materials, and gas bubbles are generated by a chemical reaction. This is a method in which air bubbles are included in a cured body 1 generated and cured (commonly referred to as a post-form method). The cured cement of the present invention can be formed into a molded product by filling the composition in a mold or the like and curing the composition.

The hydrated cement is porous and essentially hydrophilic, and in the cured product 1 of the present invention, the cement paste or the mortar contains a large number of air bubbles. A large number of pores formed by communicating a plurality of bubbles are formed, and the water permeability and air permeability of the cured body 1 are significantly increased. Its characteristics are almost proportional to the amount of bubbles.
In preparing the cured product 1, there is no particular limitation on the method of mixing the composition and the order of charging the materials, and the composition of the present invention can be mixed using a common mixer.

In the method (c), a cement composition comprising a coated granular fertilizer and / or a fertilizer-impregnated powder, cement, an aggregate, a gas generating agent, water and other necessary admixtures (materials) is kneaded. Generate gas to contain bubbles. Adjustment of the foaming amount in the method c is performed by adjusting the amount of the gas generating agent. The appropriate amount of bubbles to be contained in the cured product 1 is the same as in the method a. Examples of the gas generating agent to be used include aluminum fine powder, an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and the like. In the case of aluminum fine powder, the content is preferably 0.02 to 1% with respect to cement, and if necessary, a gas generation accelerator, a foam stabilizer, a hardening accelerator, and the like can be used in combination. In the case of a 35% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, the amount is preferably 0.1 to 2% based on cement, and if necessary, a gas generation accelerator, a bubble stabilizer, a curing accelerator, and the like can be used in combination. The size of the bubbles generated in the cured product is preferably about 0.1 to 3 mm.

As the coated granular fertilizer and / or the fertilizer-impregnated powdery granules, those similar to those described in the above-mentioned method a are appropriately selected, and the blending can be determined in the same manner as in the method a. As the cement, those similar to those described in the above-mentioned method a are appropriately selected, and the mixing can be determined in the same manner as in the method a. As the aggregate that can be used, those similar to those described in the above-mentioned method a are appropriately selected, and the composition can be determined in the same manner as in the method a. As the admixture to be mixed as necessary, those similar to those described in the above-mentioned method a can be appropriately selected and used. As a method for curing and curing the composition kneaded by the method c, a method similar to that described in the method a described above can be appropriately selected and set.

Of the methods a, b, and c, the method a is relatively simple, but the present invention can also be used as a combined method by combining the respective methods. FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure of the porous cured body 1 cured by the methods a, b, and c. 1 is aggregate, 2
Is a cement paste or mortar, 3 is an air bubble, 7 is a coated granular fertilizer and / or a fertilizer-impregnated powder. It can be seen that between the aggregate, the coated granular fertilizer and / or the fertilizer-impregnated granular material, a cement pesto or mortar containing many air bubbles is clogged. Because hydrated cement is porous and inherently hydrophilic, and contains many pores,
Since the cured product 1 of the present invention has water permeability and air permeability and contains a fertilizing effect component, it is suitable for growing plants and algae.

Next, a method for producing the cured product 2 according to the third aspect of the present invention having continuous voids therein will be described. First, a viscous and slightly fluid cement paste or mortar is made from the coated powdered fertilizer and / or fertilizer-impregnated powder, cement, high-performance water reducing agent and other desired admixtures and water. It is necessary for the production of the cured product 2 having continuous voids inside that the coated powdery granular fertilizer and / or the fertilizer-impregnated powdery particles are scattered in the aggregate. (100-Actual rate (%)) is preferably 35% or more, and preferably, the amount of coarse aggregate is such that the filling rate (J) represented by the following formula (1) is 20 to 75%. Mix. This is packed in a mold or the like and cured to obtain a molded product of the cured product 2 of the present invention having continuous voids inside. Formula (1): (P / V) × 100 = J (where P is the volume of cement paste or mortar, V is the void volume of the coarse aggregate used, and J is the void volume existing between the aggregate particles. Filling rate of cement paste or mortar with respect to (%)) The voids existing between the particles of the coarse aggregate are cement paste or mortar, and the voids remain in the cement paste or mortar so that the voids remain. To be combined. The method for preparing the cement paste or the mortar was described in the above-described cured body 1.
It can also be manufactured by a, b, c and a method combining these.

The consistency of the cement paste or mortar is preferably 180 to 270 as a flow value according to JIS R 5201 (physical test of cement).
This value is inversely proportional to the aggregate particle size used. If the flow value is higher than this value, the thickness of the cement paste or mortar layer adhering to the surface of the coarse aggregate particles becomes small, the bonding area between the coarse aggregates is small, and the strength of the cured product 2 is low. On the other hand, if the flow value is lower than this value, the thickness of the cement paste or mortar layer adhered to the surface of the coarse aggregate particles becomes uneven, and the bonding area between the coarse aggregates becomes uneven,
Non-uniformity also tends to occur in the strength properties. In addition, as a method of mixing the coated granular fertilizer and / or the fertilizer-impregnated powder granules, when mixing the coarse aggregate without mixing with the cement paste or the mortar, the remaining coated powder granular fertilizer and / or the fertilizer-impregnated powder granules are mixed. The body can be mixed together.

The amount of voids in the cured product 2 can be adjusted mainly by adjusting the filling rate (J), that is, by adjusting the volume (P) of the cement paste or mortar. It is also possible by adjusting the rate. If the filling rate (J) is less than 20%, the voids in the cured body 2 are large and the water permeability and air permeability are high, but the bond between the coarse aggregates is weak because the volume (P) of the cement paste or mortar is small. And the strength of the cured body 2 is impaired, which is not preferred. On the other hand, when the filling rate (J) exceeds 75%, the voids existing between the coarse aggregates are excessively filled with cement paste or mortar, and the water permeability and air permeability of the cured product 2 are impaired. You lose your purpose. But,
The strength of the cured body 2 increases.

The coarse aggregate used for the cured product 2 preferably has a porosity of 35% or more (actual rate 65% or less). If it is less than 35%, it becomes difficult to produce a cured product 2 having continuous voids. Types of aggregate that can be used include gravel, sea gravel, mountain gravel, crushed stone, blast furnace slag crushed stone, converter slag crushed stone, artificial lightweight coarse aggregate, volcanic shaved gravel, pearlite, coal shell, etc. Can be used. If necessary, the particle size is adjusted so as to have an appropriate porosity. Preferred coarse aggregates include crushed stone, blast furnace slag crushed stone, and the like, and preferably have a particle size of 5 to 50 mm,
More preferably, it is 10 to 20 mm.

As the fine aggregate, those exemplified in the above-mentioned method a of the cured body 1 can be appropriately selected and used.
As fine aggregate to be used, the particle size is about 0.1 to 0.3 mm,
The amount of cement / fine aggregate is preferably about 1/1.
As the coated granular fertilizer and / or fertilizer-impregnated powder, those exemplified in the above-mentioned method a of the cured product 1 are appropriately selected, and the blending can be determined in the same manner as the above-mentioned method a. As the cement, those exemplified in the above-mentioned method a of the hardened body 1 can be appropriately selected and used. As the admixture mixed if necessary, those exemplified in the above-mentioned method a can be appropriately selected and used. As the method for curing and curing the porous composition thus obtained, those exemplified in the above-mentioned method a can be appropriately selected.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the cross-sectional structure of the porous cured body 2 thus completed. 4 is an aggregate, 5 is a cement paste or mortar, 6 is a void, 7 is a coated granular fertilizer and / or a fertilizer-impregnated powder. It can be seen that large and small voids are formed between the aggregate, the coated granular fertilizer and the fertilizer-impregnated powder, and that the cement-paste or the cement mortar is clogged. Therefore, the cured product 2 of the present invention has water permeability and air permeability, and contains a fertilizing component, so that it is suitable for growing plants and algae.

The cement-based porous cement hardened material containing the coated powdery granular fertilizer and / or the fertilizer-impregnated powdery material of the present invention thus obtained can be used for cultivated land on the sea or in lakes, rivers, rivers, or on land. When installed in fields, fields, forests, parks, etc., there are pores and / or continuous voids inside, so microorganisms can penetrate through the pores and / or voids, and air, moisture and moisture are replenished, and coated powder and granular fertilizer Is gradually decomposed, or from the fertilizer-impregnated powder granules, the fertilizer component gradually elutes on the surface of the hardened body and around it, and is absorbed by plants and the like. The growth of plants and algae is promoted on the surface of the hardened body and its surroundings at an early stage, and microorganisms also propagate. Moreover, it is useful for the growth of those organisms for a long time. In addition, when the hardened cement body of the present invention is installed in the sea, algae adhere to the surface thereof more rapidly than at the early stage, and the growth rate is large. The pores and / or voids in the cured cement body of the present invention have air permeability and water retention, and continuously supply air and moisture to the roots of the plant. In addition, since the roots of the plant can penetrate into the pores and / or voids, the plant is prevented from rolling over or flowing out due to wind or rainwater. As described above, the hardened cement of the present invention can economically provide a favorable environment for plants. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples. Parts and% in the examples mean parts by weight and% by weight.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Test Examples and Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Test Example The following tests were performed using the cured cement bodies of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3. Plant Growth Test Test Method Using the block of the cured product 1 produced in Example 1, a flat and sunny flower field was divided outdoors. That is, the four blocks were laid out in a row so that the length direction was east-west, and another row was laid out east-west with the four concrete blocks so as to be parallel at a distance of 21 cm from this. The east and west ends of both rows are connected by two concrete blocks, and the inside dimensions of one section are 64 × 21
cm. The concrete blocks laid out were all set so that 4 cm out of 6 cm in thickness was buried in the soil. In mid-May, about 8 cm on the soil surface on the east-west line centered on the center point in this plot
Open a total of seven small holes with a depth of about 1 cm at equal intervals,
Two commercially available morning glory seeds were added and the holes were backfilled. After the morning glory buds emerged, a total of seven 2-m long struts were set upright on the side of the buds, the growth of the morning glory was observed, and the height of the stem was measured at the end of September. In the case where there was no rain for 3 days or more, the same amount of water was sprayed on all stems.

Using the cellular concrete block produced in Comparative Example 1, a comparative flower field having the same orientation and the same area as above was made near the test flower field, and the morning glory seeds were buried in the same manner on the same day. After coming out, I set up the pillars as above.

Test Results The height of the morning glory stalk from the ground in the test section using the block of the cured product 1 produced in Example 1 was at least 125 to 227 cm, and the average height was 158 cm. Many bloomed. On the other hand, in the section using the cellular concrete block manufactured in Comparative Example 1, the height of the stem from the ground is at least 82 to 143 cm, the average is 122 cm, and flowers having a smaller diameter than the morning glory of the test section are obtained. A few bloomed. From the above results, it can be understood that the cellular concrete molded product, which is the porous hardened cement body 1 containing the coated granular fertilizer of the present invention, is useful for growing plants.

(A) Test for adhesion of algae using the cured product 2 of Example 2 as a test specimen Test method and test results (a) Appearance of test specimen: All test specimens were milled (confectionery)
It is a hardened body having countless large and small voids of 1 to 6 mm. The surface of the crushed stone is almost covered with cement paste, but the surface of the aggregate in contact with the mold is exposed. Although most of the coated granular fertilizer is buried in the cement paste, a part thereof is exposed, and it can be recognized that the coated granular fertilizer is mixed.

(B) Compressive strength: The compressive strength of the six cylindrical specimens after the curing under wet and dry conditions on the 7th (3) and 28th (3) ages was measured. Table 1 shows the results. The eight cylindrical specimens were subjected to wet and dry curing until the 7th, and thereafter to air dry curing until the 28th material age.

(C) Qualitative test on water permeability: The following test was carried out on two cylindrical specimens. That is,
When a cylindrical specimen was set up and 200 ml of water was allowed to flow from the upper surface, both of them immediately flowed downward through the voids in the cured body, and it was confirmed that the porous body was extremely porous.

(D) Algal adhesion test: remaining Example 2
6 hardened specimens 2 were sunk in the sea for six places at the locations described below and tested for adhesion of algae. Table 2 shows the amount of algae attached. The amount of algae adhered to the test specimen of the present invention was large, and adhesion of anaosa and laver was observed. Location: Seto Inland Sea, 2km west of Awaji Iwaya, 2m deep from the average sea level in natural waters where sunlight enters. Period: 6 months from early September 1998 to early March 1999. For comparison, using the cured product of Comparative Example 2 (porous concrete) and the cured product of Comparative Example 3 (ordinary concrete), an algae adhesion test was performed in the same manner as described above. Table 2 shows the amount of algae attached. The amount of algae adhered to the conventional porous concrete is considerably larger than that of ordinary concrete, but is considerably smaller than that of the hardened body 2 of Example 2 of the present invention.

(E) Flexural strength: The flexural strength of the rectangular test specimens after the curing in wet air on 7 days (3 pieces) and 28 days (3 pieces) was measured. The results are shown in Table 1. Table 1: Flexural compressive strength

[Table 1]

Table 2: Algae adhesion amount

[Table 2]

(2) (b) Test for adhesion of algae using cured product 2 of Example 3 Test method and test results (a) Appearance of specimen: All cured products 2 of Example 3 The sample is a millet (confectionery) -like, hardened body having countless large and small voids of 1 to 6 mm. The cement paste phase has a reddish brown color due to the mixture of iron oxide powder. Most of the crushed stone surface is reddish brown, but the surface of the aggregate in contact with the formwork is exposed. Although most of the coated granular fertilizer is buried in the cement paste, a part is exposed, and it can be recognized that the coated granular fertilizer is mixed. (B) Qualitative test on water permeability: The above test (2) was conducted on two cylindrical specimens of the cured product 2 of Example 3 after curing.
(A) As in the test of (c), when water was flowed from the upper surface of the cylindrical specimen, the water immediately passed through the voids in the cured body and flowed downward, forming an extremely porous cured body. That was confirmed. (C) Adhesion test for algae: The remaining six cylindrical specimens were immersed in the sea for 6 months and adhered to the algae in the same manner as in the tests (2), (a) and (d) above. A sex test was performed. The results are shown in Table 2. The amount of algae adhered to the test specimen of the present invention was large, and adhesion of anaosa and laver was observed.

[0046]

[Example] Example 1 [Production of aerated concrete mixed with hardened body 1 coated powdery granular fertilizer] Blast furnace cement B type 100 manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.
Part, 75 parts of artificial lightweight fine aggregate (type: M) manufactured by Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd. equivalent to JIS A 5002, 75 parts of artificial lightweight coarse aggregate, foaming agent (main component: sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate) 1 part, Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd. glass fiber (bundled type, cut length: 6 mm) 3 parts, coated powder granular fertilizer (chemical fertilizer: containing ammonia nitrogen, soluble sharic acid, water soluble potassium, particle size: 1 to 1) 5mm, apparent specific gravity 1.04,
Coating agent: 30 parts of a mixture of urea resin and acrylic resin) and 56 parts of water are kneaded and mixed for 1 minute with a high-speed mixer, and the specific gravity of the ready-mixed concrete is 1.20 (air amount obtained by calculation: 26
%) Of the concrete containing the powdered granular fertilizer. From this concrete, dimensions, length: 21cm, width: 10
cm, thickness: make a 6cm concrete block,
The wet-curing curing was carried out at room temperature for one week, and the air-dry curing was carried out for another two weeks.

Example 2 (Production of Porous Concrete Containing Hardened Body 2 Coated Powdered Granular Fertilizer) 100 parts of blast furnace cement B, 0.6 parts of Kao Corporation's high performance water reducing agent (Mighty 150), and 28 parts of water By mixing and mixing, a cement paste having a flow value of 205 mm is prepared and coated with granular fertilizer (chemical fertilizer: containing ammonia nitrogen, soluble phosphoric acid, water soluble potassium, particle size: 1 to 5 mm,
30 parts of an apparent specific gravity: 1.04, coating material: a mixed system of urea resin / acrylic resin) are mixed and kneaded to prepare a cement paste mixed with coated powder fertilizer having a flow value (the method of JIS R 5201) of 190 mm. Was

Next, in this fertilizer grain-mixed cement mortar, the filling rate (J value of the formula (1) in the text) of the crushed stone (porosity: 42%) having a particle size of 15 to 20 mm becomes 40%. Was mixed as follows. Its specific gravity was 1.88 and the porosity was 22.7%. This is diameter 15 x height 30c
14 m and 10 cm x 10 cm x 40 cm
Were filled into six rectangular parallelepiped molds to form test specimens. Thereafter, the wet-air curing was performed at 20 ° C. for one day, and then the mold was released. The wet-air curing was further continued.

Example 3 (Production of Porous Concrete Containing Hardened Body 2 Coated Powdered Granular Fertilizer) Blast Furnace Cement Type B 100 parts, iron oxide powder (specific gravity:
6.52) 43 parts, 0.64 part of high performance water reducing material (Mighty 150) manufactured by Kao Corporation and 35.8 parts of water are kneaded and mixed to form a cement paste having a flow value of 202 mm, and this is coated with granular powder. Fertilizer (same as used in Example 1) 30
The parts were blended and kneaded to make a coated particulate fertilizer cement paste with a flow value of 198. Next, the filling rate (J value of the formula (1) in the text) is applied to the voids of crushed stone (specific gravity: 2.69, porosity: 41%) having a particle size of 13 to 20 mm in the cement paste mixed with the coated powdery granular fertilizer. Mix to 40%. Its specific gravity is 1.91 and its porosity is 2
2.5%. This is 15cm in diameter x 30cm in height
Was filled into eight cylindrical forms. Thereafter, the wet-air curing was performed at 20 ° C. for one day, and then the mold was removed. Specimens were further added to material age 7
The wet curing was performed until the day, and thereafter, the air-dry curing was performed until the age of 28 days.

Comparative Example 1 An aerated concrete block was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coated granular fertilizer was not mixed. Comparative Example 2 (porous concrete) Blast furnace cement B class 100 parts, Kao Corporation high performance water reducing agent (Mighty 150) 0.5 part,
24 parts of water were kneaded to make a cement paste with a flow value of 196 mm. This cement paste has a particle size of 15
Crushed stone of ２０20 mm (specific gravity: 2.69, porosity: 42%)
Was mixed so that the filling rate (J value in the formula (1) in the text) was 40%. This had a specific gravity of 1.91 and a porosity of 23.7%. This was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2 to prepare a porous concrete cylindrical specimen.

Comparative Example 3 (ordinary concrete) 100 parts of blast furnace cement B type, 200 parts of river sand (specific gravity: 2.59, coarse particle ratio: 2.85), crushed stone (particle size: 5 to 20 mm, specific gravity: 2.70) ) 350 parts, water cement ratio: 50% air content: 2.7%, slump: 1
A 35 mm cylindrical crushed concrete was kneaded and mixed, and a cylindrical sample was produced in the same manner as in Example 2. Thereafter, demolding and curing conditions were produced in the same manner as in Example 2.

The cured cement body of the present invention has the above-mentioned structure and is therefore suitable for growing plants, algae, microorganisms and fish.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cross-sectional structure of a porous cured body 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cross-sectional structure of a porous cured body 2 of the present invention.

[Description of Signs] 1 Aggregate 2 Cement paste or mortar 3 Air bubbles 4 Aggregate 5 Cement paste or mortar 6 Void 7 Coated granular fertilizer and / or fertilizer impregnated powder

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (71) Applicant 592010276 Motoharu Tamai 1-5-12 Kusunagadai, Tondabayashi-shi, Osaka (72) Inventor Motoharu Tamai 1-5-12 Kusunagadai, Tondabayashi-shi, Osaka (72) Inventor Michio Hashimoto 3-3-25 Shinohara-Kitamachi, Nada-ku, Kobe (72) Inventor Minoru Tokumoto 1-10-2 Shiroyamadai, Misato-cho, Ikoma-gun, Nara Prefecture F-term (reference) 4G019 LA02 LB01 LB02 LB04 LB06 LD02

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A hardened porous cement obtained by hardening a cement composition containing a granular fertilizer whose surface is coated and / or a porous granular material impregnated with a fertilizer component. 2. The surface coated particle size is 0.001 to 3
0.1 mm to 150 mm of powdery fertilizer of 0 mm
% By weight and / or the particle size impregnated with the fertilizer component is 0.
A hardened porous cement obtained by hardening a cement composition containing 0.1 to 150% by weight of a porous powdery material of 001 to 30 mm based on cement. 3. A cement comprising a particulate fertilizer coated on its surface and / or a porous particulate impregnated with a fertilizer component, wherein the particulate fertilizer and / or the porous particulate are dispersed in an aggregate. A hardened porous cement having continuous voids inside the hardened composition. 4. The particle diameter of the coated surface is 0.001 to 30.
mm-granular fertilizer of 0.1 to 150% by weight with respect to cement, and / or a particle diameter of impregnated fertilizer component of 0.00 mm.
1-30 mm of porous powder is 0.1
A porous cement hardened product containing about 150% by weight and having continuous voids inside a hardened cement composition in which the particulate fertilizer and / or the porous powder is dispersed in the aggregate. 5. The hardened porous cement according to claim 1, wherein the cement composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4 contains 5% by weight or more of iron element. 6. A molded body for growing plants, algae, microorganisms, and fish, comprising the porous cement hardened body according to claim 1. 7. A fish reef comprising the porous cement hardened body according to claim 1.