JP2000328881A - Tunnel boring machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tunnel boring machine in which a large propulsive force is not required and the machine can be miniaturized and cost can be reduced and which has a high excavation capacity of bed rock and is excellent in excavation efficiency and even a soft ground can be stably excavated. SOLUTION: A plurality of compressive breakage edges 3 rotatably supported at the foremost end of a head excavation disk 2 rotatably supported through a bearing 10 at the front end of a tunnel boring machine body 1 are at first brought into contact with natural ground 15 in a shaft 15 and strongly pressed on the bed rock surface while rolling to generated linear compressive breakage and form a small diameter leading hole. The edge nearest to the central shaft among separation breakage edges 4b are brought into contact, with the external surface of the opening of the leading hole to break the inside part so as to separate it. Separation breakage edges 4a, 4c fitted to the front face of main struts 21 one after another in the direction that the diameter becomes large are subsequently brought into contact with the exposed face of the bed rock of the natural ground 15 to break the inside part so as to separate it and form a nearly conical heading having cylindrical steps. An opening plate fixed to a structure of the head excavation disk 2 by bolts is replaced for a wider one in case of a collapsible natural ground 15.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a rotary excavator in which a plurality of rotary excavating blades are rotatably mounted on a front surface of a head excavator, and the rotary excavating blades crush the ground while rolling against the ground. Mine excavator.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When excavating the ground with a shield machine and forming a tunnel, if the soil of the ground is mainly composed of soft earth and sand, a sharp edge is provided in the sliding rotation direction. A drilling propulsion method is adopted in which a rotating excavator with a large number of excavated blades planted on the front surface slides on the ground while it advances, but if the ground is formed of solid rock, In the excavation method in which the excavation blade is propelled by sliding, the excavation blade cannot be used because the excavation blade is damaged or significantly worn. Therefore, when excavating rock mass with a shield machine,
By rotating the rotary excavator, which has a large number of dish-shaped rotary excavating blades on its front surface in a freely rolling manner, in contact with the ground, the rotary excavating blade receives a strong pressing force to remove A crushing crushing method has been adopted in which crushing is performed in a streak shape and adjacent crushing is induced between the crushing groove formed by an adjacent rotary excavation blade.

As described above, in the crushing and crushing method, a large pressure is applied to the rotary excavating blade that rolls on the rock surface to crush it, so that the propulsion mechanism for propelling the shield machine has a large propulsion capacity. In addition, a bearing that rotatably supports the rotary excavation blade and a structure that mechanically supports the shield machine main body need to have strong pressure resistance. In addition, when the bedrock has a large compressive strength, crushing is unlikely to occur. Therefore, in such a case, there is a problem that the digging efficiency of the bedrock by the crushing and crushing method is inferior to the ground.

[0004] By the way, it has been known from the past that the tensile strength of rock is generally a small value of several tenths to one-tenth of the compressive strength. Rather than crushing and crushing by applying force,
Research has been conducted on excavation methods using exfoliation crushing, in which a crack is formed in a bedrock, and pressure is applied to the crack to exert a tensile force along the crack to cause crushing.

For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 6-503389 discloses that a ring cavity is formed in a face face by a tool arm by rotating motion of a drilling head base, a leading drilling hole by the tool arm and an undercut by an undercut tool. The invention of a tunnel excavation machine configured to perform cutting simultaneously and continuously is disclosed. In this tunnel excavation machine, a ring hollow chamber is formed on the face by the rotating tool arm, and the undercut tool is swiveled in the radial direction along the rear end of the formed ring hollow to change the face. Undercut (peeling and crushing) can be performed.

[0006]

According to the above prior art, a tunnel can be excavated with little pressing force and a small torque. However, this tunnel excavation machine is designed to make a leading hole in the face by rotating the tool arm, and to peel and crush the face by rotating the undercut tool in the radial direction. Not only was the mechanism complicated and the production cost increased, but also the problem was that the excavation ability was low and the excavation efficiency was poor because the main digging operation was performed by the turning movement of the undercut tool in the radial direction. Furthermore, there was a problem that it was not possible to continuously excavate while moving forward. The present invention has been made to solve such a problem in the prior art, and does not require a large propulsion force, so that the machine can be reduced in size and cost, and the excavation ability of the rock mass with respect to the ground is high. It is an object of the present invention to provide a tunnel excavator which is excellent in efficiency and can stably excavate a soft ground.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a rotary excavating blade rotatably mounted on the front surface of a head excavator, which is smaller than a predetermined diameter from the rotation center of the head excavator. A plurality of crushing crushing blades that form a small-diameter leading hole by abutting against the ground in the range to generate a linear crushing crushing, A cylindrical step is formed on the ground by attaching sequentially to the outer circumference side with an interval, each of which comes into contact with the ground in a range exceeding the predetermined diameter and peels and crushes the ground. And a plurality of peeling and crushing blades to be excavated so as to form at least one edge of a gravel intake opening which opens into a part of the front surface of the head excavator to take in crushed gravels or excavated earth and sand. Digging the opening plate that regulates the opening width of the head with bolts An opening plate attached to the board or forming at least one edge of the gravel intake, and regulating an opening width of the gravel intake, and an opening for changing the opening width of the gravel intake by moving the opening plate And a plate moving means.

[0008] The crushing crushing blade attached to a position near the center of rotation of the head excavator first makes contact with the ground to generate a linear crushing crushing and propelled to form a leading hole smaller than a predetermined diameter. I do. The peeling and crushing blade is rearward from the crushing and crushing blade, and is sequentially attached toward the outer peripheral side with a predetermined interval in the radial direction and the rearward direction, and exceeds the predetermined diameter following the crushing and crushing blade. The ground is sequentially contacted with the ground in the range, and the ground is separated and crushed. Thereby, a substantially conical face having a cylindrical step in the ground is formed. Crushed rock gravel is taken in from the gravel intake opening in a part of the front of the drilling machine. The opening plate moving means moves the opening plate that forms at least one edge of the gravel intake and regulates the opening width of the gravel intake, and changes the opening width of the gravel intake.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a front view of a tunnel excavator according to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the tunnel excavator along a cutting line AA in FIG. 1 parallel to the center axis, and FIG. 1 is a sectional view parallel to the center axis of the tunnel excavator along the cutting line BB of FIG. 1; FIG. 4 is a side view of a rotary crushing blade supported on both sides;
(A), (b) is a side view of a rotating crushing blade supported on one side, FIG.
2 is an enlarged view of the lower right part of FIG.

In these figures, reference numeral 1 denotes a tunnel excavator body for excavating and propelling a ground made of rock, and 2 denotes a head formed of a substantially conical structure rotatably supported at the tip of the tunnel excavator body 1. A part excavator, 21 is four main struts constructed from the front end of the head excavator 2 toward the annular body that defines the rear periphery, and 22 is a front face between the main struts 21 of the head excavator 2. The covering face plate, 23 is an opening plate that defines a rocky gravure intake, which will be described later,
Reference numeral 24 denotes four sub-posts provided between the main posts 21, 25
Are provided at a plurality of locations on the edge of the opening plate 23 to regulate the intrusion of excessively crushed rock and gravel from a gravel intake port described later. A plurality of bolts.

Reference numeral 3 denotes a plurality of crushing and crushing blades, which are rotatably supported on the tip of the head excavator 2 around a rotation axis perpendicular to the central axis and crushes the rock of the ground which is in contact therewith. Blade support frame fixedly supported at the tip of the excavator 2 and supporting the plurality of crushing and crushing blades 3 in a parallel and rotatable manner;
Reference numerals a, 4b, and 4c denote peeling and crushing blades which are rotatably arranged at predetermined intervals along the outer surface of the main support 21 of the head excavator 2, and are respectively supported on both sides, supported on one side, and one side on the inside. Indicates support.

Reference numeral 5 denotes a gravel intake blade fixed along the outer surface of the sub-pillar 24 at a plurality of predetermined distances and adapted to capture crushed rock and gravel into a gravel intake described below. A gravel intake where the crushed crushed rock pebbles that fall open and fall into them fall, 7 is a container that temporarily stores the crushed rock gravels that have fallen from the gravel intake 6, and 8 is a crushed rock that is stored in the container 7 A gravel transport device that transports gravel to the rear of the tunnel excavator body 1,
Reference numeral 9 denotes a rake blade for smashing crushed rock debris staying at the outermost peripheral portion of the head excavator 2 into the inside of the head excavator 2, and reference numeral 10 denotes a bearing portion of the head excavator 2 with respect to the tunnel excavator body 1. Bearing 11 is the internal space of the head excavator 2 and the tunnel excavator body 1
15 is a rotating head excavator 2
It is a ground that is excavated.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. The tunnel excavator body 1 is provided with a plurality of shield jacks (not shown) for propelling the tunnel excavator body 1 and a rotation drive device for rotating the head excavator 2. The head excavator 2 rotates while being supported by the bearing 10. The plurality of crushing and crushing blades 3 rotatably supported by the crushing blade support frame 31 at the tip of the head excavator 2 first contact the ground 15 exposed in the shaft, and strengthen the rock surface while rolling. Pressing by pressing force causes linear crushing and crushing and accompanying crushing.

The rock excavation by the crushing and crushing blade 3 has an excavating mechanism similar to that of the conventional shield machine, and in order to secure sufficient pressure resistance of the crushing and crushing blade 3,
Is larger than that of the peeling and crushing blades 4 (a to c), and a bearing having a load capacity of 5 times or more is used. Note that the load capacity of the bearing can be increased by increasing the bearing width. Further, as described above, since a strong pressing force acts on the crushing and crushing blade 3, by increasing the diameter thereof, it is possible to reduce the amount of rotational wear.

As the head excavator 2 rotates, a leading hole having a diameter substantially corresponding to the distance from the center of rotation to the crushing and crushing blade 3 located at the outermost periphery is formed. When the guide hole is formed to a certain depth, the outer one-side support disposed along the outer surfaces of the four main columns 21 of the head excavator 2 is peeled off as the crushing and crushing blade 3 is propelled. Among the crushing blades 4b, the cutting edge closest to the central axis contacts the outer surface of the opening of the leading hole. The position at which the edge of the peeling and crushing blade 4b comes into contact with the outer surface is more than ten mm from the end of the leading hole according to the rock quality of the bedrock of the ground 15.
The distance is set to be several tens mm. By appropriately setting the contact position of the peeling and crushing blade 4b in this way, when the sharply formed cutting edge of the peeling and crushing blade 4b cuts into the rock surface, the input of the cutting edge becomes larger than the cutting edge of the peeling and crushing blade 4b. It acts as a tensile force for peeling the rock located on the hole side of the leading hole into the leading hole.

The crushing of the rock by the tensile force, that is, the separation and crushing of the rock, is the crushing of the rock by the pressing force, ie,
Since the pressing force is about several tenths to one-tenth of that of the crushing and crushing, the bearing of the peeling and crushing blade 4b can use a bearing having a small load capacity. Can be smaller. Since the peeling and crushing blade 4b disposed near the center axis is attached to a place close to the crushing blade support frame 31, the spatial restriction on the mounting is severe, and therefore, the peeling and crushing blade 4b supported on the outer side is used. I have. In addition, in order to withstand the above-mentioned restrictions and the pressure reaction force from the ground 15 when the tunnel excavator body 1 performs curved excavation, the angle formed between the blade surface of the peeling and crushing blade 4b and the central axis,
That is, the clearance angle φ _b is set slightly larger as shown in FIG.

Thus, the peeling and crushing blade 4b attached at a position where the distance outward from the center axis and the distance backward from the tip of the head excavator 2 are each increased by a predetermined value.
The cutting edge is sequentially brought into contact with the exposed surface of the bedrock of the ground 15 and the inner portion thereof is peeled and crushed, so that the ground 15 is cut and cut into a substantially conical shape having a cylindrical step.

In this embodiment, the peeling and crushing blade mounted at a position away from the central axis by a predetermined distance is replaced with a peeling and crushing blade 4a supported on the outer side and a peeling and crushing blade 4a supported on both sides. Since the peeling and crushing blade 4a is supported on both sides, there is no functional difference from that of the peeling and crushing blade 4b which is particularly supported on the outer side except that it is stably supported. In actual excavation work, since straight excavation is predominant in many cases, the peeling and crushing blade 4a, which does not have much spatial restriction on mounting, escapes in this embodiment in consideration of the pressure resistance against the pressing reaction force during straight excavation. angle phi _a, as shown in FIG. 4, it is set slightly smaller value. The same applies to the peeling and crushing blade 4c disposed near the outer periphery of the head excavator 2, but similarly to the peeling and crushing blade 4b disposed near the center axis, for severe spatial constraints on attachment, an inner side support, the relief angle phi _c, as shown in FIG. 5 (b), is slightly larger set.

Symbols T ₁ , T ₂ , T ₃ ,..., T _n are the trajectories of the cutting edges of all the peeling and crushing blades 4 (a to c) arranged on the four main columns 21 of the head excavator 2. Are shown in the order close to the central axis. As shown in FIG. 4, each of the peeling and crushing blades 4 (a to
The bedrock of the ground 15 contacted by the cutting edge c) peels and crushes one after another, and collapses, and a step having a peel length a and a peel width b is formed. The optimum value of the ratio a / b between the separation length a and the separation width b differs depending on the rock quality of the bedrock. The cutting edge shapes of the peeling and crushing blades 4a and 4b shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 (a) are slightly rounded, but may be sharply pointed.

A plurality of crushing and crushing blades 3 and a large number of peeling and crushing blades 4
The crushed rock gravel excavated by the rotation of the head excavator 2 attached to the front of (ac) has four sub-posts 24.
Is raked by a large number of gravel intake blades 5 attached to the front surface of the head, is taken into the inside of the head excavator 2 from the gravel intake 6 between the opening plates 23, and is temporarily stored in the container 7. The crushed rock debris staying in the vicinity of the outermost peripheral portion of the head excavator 2 is taken into the inside of the head excavator 2 by the raking blade 9. The crushed rock gravel contained in the container 7 is transferred to the gravel transport device 8
Is transported to the rear of the tunnel excavator body 1.

When the excessive crushed rock pebbles are taken into the inside of the head excavator 2 from the gravel intake port 6, the control projection 25 closes the intake port of the gravel conveying device 8 or supports the inside of the gravel conveying device 8. In order to prevent the occurrence of troubles, excessive crushed rock gravel that projects into the gravel intake port 6 is prevented from being taken into the gravel intake port 6. Further, the opening plate 23 is fixed to the structure of the head excavator 2 with a plurality of bolts 26 so that it can be easily attached and detached. Therefore, when excavating the soft and highly collapsed ground 15, the opening width of the gravel intake 6 is reduced by replacing and fixing the opening plate 23 with a wider one, and the natural collapse of the ground 15 is performed. This prevents a large amount of earth and sand from being taken into the inside of the head excavator 2 from the gravel intake port 6.

As described above, when the peeling and crushing blades 4 (a to c) are attached to the front surface of the main support 21 of the head excavator 2 at predetermined intervals, the positions from the position near the center axis to the position near the outer periphery are changed. According to the above, the crushing and crushing blade 3 is disposed with a suitable peeling width b at a place receded rearward, so that the crushing and crushing blade 3 comes into contact with the bedrock of the ground 15 to cause crushing and crushing. Since the peeling and crushing can be caused by a pressing force of several tenths to tenths, a large rotational moment force is applied to the crushing and crushing blade 3 disposed within a relatively narrow range near the central axis. It is possible to easily cut a small leading hole by applying. In other words, by setting the crushing blades in contact with the rock at a position away from the central axis requiring a large rotational moment force as the peeling crushing blades 4 (a to c), the ground 15 contacted with a relatively small pressing force. Can exfoliate and crush the bedrock, so that even in the case of excavation of a relatively large diameter tunnel, the rotational driving force for rotating the head excavator 2 and the propulsion force for propelling the tunnel excavator body 1 are not so large. You don't need a big one.

Therefore, there is no need for a strong shield jack or a robust structure for supporting the external force applied to the tunnel excavator body 1 and the head excavator 2, so that the weight of the machine can be reduced.
The price can be reduced. In addition, it is possible to provide a simple excavating mechanism having the same configuration as the conventional rotary excavation type without using a complicated excavating mechanism. Further, the peeling and crushing blade 4 (a to
c) Reduce the diameter of (c) and the load capacity of the bearing to reduce
Since a large number can be attached to the front of one, it is possible to improve the rock excavation efficiency.

In the above embodiment, the opening width of the gravel inlet 6 is
The opening plates 23 having different widths are appropriately selected, and are adjusted by attaching and fixing to the structure of the head excavator 2 with bolts 26. However, when the diameter of the tunnel becomes large, the opening plates 23 are manually formed. The replacement work becomes difficult. There,
A second embodiment of the present invention in which the opening width of the gravel intake 6 can be mechanically adjusted will be described. FIG. 7 shows the second embodiment of the present invention.
It is a front view of the tunnel excavator which concerns on Example.

In the figure, reference numeral 27 denotes an opening plate movably provided on the side of the gravel intake port 6 so as to cover a notch formed by cutting a part of the face plate 22, and reference numeral 28 denotes a back surface of the opening plate 27. When the tip of the operating rod is fixed to the portion, the opening plate 27
This is a drive jack for moving the water to the gravel intake port 6 side. Parts that are the same as or deemed to be the same as in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted. When excavating the soft and highly collapsed ground 15, the driving jack 28
The opening plate 27 protrudes toward the gravel inlet 6 side by extending the opening, and the opening width of the gravel inlet 6 is narrowed. Therefore, a large amount of sediment is excavated from the gravel inlet 6 due to the natural collapse of the ground 15. It can be prevented from being taken into the board 2.

[0026]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, a plurality of crushing and crushing blades are brought into contact with the ground in a range smaller than a predetermined diameter from the rotation center of the head excavator to form a linear shape. Along with forming a small-diameter leading hole by causing crushing crushing, and rearward from the crushing crushing blade, sequentially attached toward the outer peripheral side with a predetermined interval in the radial direction and the rearward direction, a plurality of The exfoliating and crushing blades respectively contact the ground in a range exceeding a predetermined diameter from the rotation center of the head excavator to form a cylindrical step in the ground by exfoliating and crushing the ground, thereby excavating the head. Opening a part of the front of the board to form at least one edge of the gravel intake port for taking in crushed rock gravel, and bolting an opening plate that regulates the width of the opening, so the head with strong force Propulsion and rotary drive to bring the drill into contact with the ground If the soil of the ground is soft and collapsible, the bolts can be loosened and replaced with a wider opening plate. A tunnel excavator which has high excavation efficiency and is capable of stably excavating even a soft ground can be provided.

According to the second aspect of the invention, at least one edge of the gravel intake is formed, and an opening plate for regulating the opening width of the gravel intake is moved to change the opening width of the gravel intake. Since the opening plate moving means is provided, even if the diameter of the tunnel becomes large, the opening width of the gravel intake can be changed independently of humans, so that stable excavation of soft ground can be performed. Measures can be taken easily.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a tunnel excavator according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view parallel to the central axis of the tunnel excavator along section line AA in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view parallel to the central axis of the tunnel excavator along the section line BB in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a side view of a rotary crushing blade supported on both sides.

FIG. 5 is a side view of a rotating crushing blade supported on one side.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a lower right portion of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a front view of a tunnel excavator according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Tunnel excavator main body 2 Head excavator 3 Crushing crushing blade 4a-4c Peeling crushing blade 5 Gravel intake blade 6 Gravel intake 7 Container 8 Gravel transporting device 10 Bearing 11 Partition wall 15 Ground support 21 Main column 23,27 Opening plate 24 Sub column 26 Bolt 28 Driving jack 31 Crushing blade support frame

Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Minoru Tayama 650, Kandamachi, Tsuchiura-shi, Ibaraki Prefecture Inside the Tsuchiura Plant of Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. Inside the plant (72) Inventor Masaaki Miki 2-6-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan Inside the Ritsuken Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Rio Rio Iijima 2-5-2, Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan Inside Machine Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Tsuyoshi Okawada 2-6-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo F-term in Fukushima Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. (Reference) 2D054 BA04 BA07 BA15 BB02 BB06 BB10 CA04

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A head excavator having a diameter substantially equal to that of a tunnel to be excavated and rotatably supported at a tip end thereof, wherein a propulsion of an excavator body is provided in front of the head excavator. In a tunnel excavator in which a plurality of rotary excavating blades for crushing the ground in the process of rolling while contacting the ground under the force are rotatably mounted, the rotary excavating blade rotates the head excavator. A plurality of crushing and crushing blades that form a small-diameter leading hole by contacting the ground in a range smaller than a predetermined diameter from the center to form a linear crushing and crushing, and the rear of the crushing and crushing blade, Attached sequentially toward the outer peripheral side with a predetermined interval in the radial direction and the rearward direction, each abuts on the ground in a range exceeding the predetermined diameter to peel and crush the ground. Multiple exfoliations excavating to form cylindrical steps in the ground A crushing blade, which opens at a part of the front surface of the head excavator to form at least one edge of a gravel intake for taking in crushed gravel or excavated earth and sand, and regulates an opening width of the gravel intake. A tunnel excavator, wherein an opening plate is attached to the head excavator with bolts. 2. A head excavator having a diameter substantially equal to that of a tunnel to be excavated and rotatably supported at a tip end thereof, wherein a propulsion of an excavator body is provided in front of the head excavator. In a tunnel excavator in which a plurality of dish-shaped rotary excavating blades for crushing the underground in the process of rolling while contacting the ground under the force are rotatably mounted, the rotary excavating blade is the head excavator A plurality of crushing crushing blades that form a small-diameter leading hole by contacting the ground in a range smaller than a predetermined diameter from the rotation center of the crushing crushing blade to form a small-diameter leading hole; And are sequentially attached toward the outer peripheral side at predetermined intervals in the radial direction and the rearward direction, and each comes into contact with the ground in a range exceeding the predetermined diameter to peel and crush the ground. Excavation to form a cylindrical step in the ground Including a peeling and crushing blade, and forming at least one edge of a gravel intake port that opens to a part of the front surface of the head excavator to take in crushed gravels or excavated earth and sand,
A tunnel excavator comprising: an opening plate for regulating the opening width of the gravel intake; and an opening plate moving means for moving the opening plate to change the opening width of the gravel intake.