JP2000319676A - Solidified fuel and preparation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject fuel and method contrived to make positively an effective use of food processing leftovers, that is, to use them again as resources, to make an effectively good use of, and to save resources for food processing leftovers. SOLUTION: A solidified fuel is formed by heat- and pressure-molding the pulverizate of carbonized matters from flammable rubbish such as food processing leftovers, or by kneading the pulverizate of the carbonized matter with one or more kinds of organic and inorganic binders and then by press- molding the kneading into a given shape with a molding machine 4. This fuel is convenient for the handling, realizable for the stable burning in high calorific value, and easy to control the combustion. A preparing process thereof comprises a kneading of a pulverizate of carbonized matter from flammable rubbish with hydrated lime 2 and molasses 3 in a specified ratio, and a forming under a pressure of 0.5 6 t/cm2 into a given shape. This process, giving the kneading having a proper flowability and a binding force, is suitable for the mass production by a continuous molding.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to a solidified fuel and a method for producing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventional solidified fuels include coal and coal as raw materials.
It is made by using charcoal or the like, and pressing the powder into an egg-shaped, cylindrical or other predetermined shape with an adhesive, followed by drying.
In addition, there is also known a crushed refuse discharged from homes, dried with high-temperature hot air, and formed into a certain shape by adding an additive.

[0003]

[0005] Coal and charcoal must be subjected to mining, crushing, classification, heating, fumigation, crushing, classification, and other processes before they can be used as a raw material for solidified fuel. Is expensive. In addition, the use of coal and charcoal leads to the large consumption of valuable limited resources, which leads to resource depletion and environmental destruction. Solid fuel made from household waste emits black smoke when it is burned, so it is expensive to avoid polluting the atmosphere. Further, since the density and distribution of the dried garbage having different physical properties are not uniform, the calorific value is unstable, and the control of combustion is difficult and complicated.

[0004] On the other hand, in the process of producing processed foods using fresh foods, especially raw vegetables, etc. as raw materials, a relatively large amount of residues is generated. In addition, raw vegetable wholesale stores generate a large amount of vegetable waste to improve the appearance and homogenization of products, and raw vegetable retailers reduce the freshness of their products. Occurs. In addition, school canteens, hotel restaurants, and other food service industries generate large amounts of leftovers and other garbage. In the present specification, these are referred to as food processing residues and the like. Conventionally, food processing residues, etc., have been dumped in forests as they are, incinerated in incinerators, and the resulting coal and ash have been dumped as general waste or disposed of in landfills. . Disposal of waste has become a social problem due to environmental pollution, and is no longer permitted.
Incineration not only wastes heat energy,
Since exhaust gas and dioxin contained therein cause serious environmental pollution, it is feared that enormous equipment costs will be required to prevent the pollution.

The inventor of the present invention considers that the above-mentioned conventional method of treating food processing residues and the like merely relies on expensive passive processing such as dumping or incineration and has no productivity at all. The purpose of the present invention is to promote the effective use of refuse, and the problem is to achieve recycling, effective use, and resource saving of food processing residues and the like.

[0006]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a solidified fuel according to the present invention is obtained by molding a crushed char of combustible waste such as food processing residue into a predetermined shape having a hardness enough to withstand handling. It is characterized by becoming. Since the solidified fuel has hardness enough to withstand handling, handling such as bagging or boxing after molding, storage, shipping, and transportation can be performed smoothly without disintegrating or destroying the solidified fuel. . In addition, the powdery carbides are difficult to burn and the combustion is unstable, so that it is difficult to control the calorific value. On the other hand, the solidified fuel is easy to burn because it has a certain shape, and the combustion is stable. Therefore, control of combustion is easy.

[0007] The solidified fuel may be formed by crushing charcoal of combustible waste such as food processing residue by heating and pressurizing, and may be formed by crushing charcoal of combustible waste such as food processing residue. An amount of the binder may be added and kneaded, and the kneaded product may be molded by pressing. In either case, handling is easy and combustion control is easy.

[0008] Molasses, starch, and the like are used as binders for solidified fuel made from charcoal of combustible waste such as food processing residues.
One or a mixture of plural kinds of inorganic binders such as lignin, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), organic binders such as tar pitch, slaked lime, water glass and cement can be used. The solidified fuel press-molded using the above-mentioned binder has a reliable bonding force of the raw material carbide and is excellent in shape retention after molding.

As the binder, slaked lime and molasses are used, and the mixing ratio of carbide, slaked lime and molasses is 80 to 9 by weight.
The ratio is preferably set to 5: 8 to 2:12 to 3. The solidified fuel using slaked lime and molasses as the binder has an appropriate hardness that can withstand handling before combustion, so it does not lose its shape and can be handled smoothly, after burning,
It produces less cinders and produces less dust than conventional immobilized fuels made from dry household waste. In addition, when the mixing ratio is set as described above, the shape retention after molding by the molding machine is excellent.

In the method for producing a solidified fuel according to the present invention, a binder is kneaded at a ratio of 5 to 25% by weight with crushed charcoal of combustible waste such as food processing residue, and the kneaded material is reduced to 0 in a molding machine. It is characterized in that it is formed into a predetermined shape by applying a pressure of 0.5 to ⁶ t / cm ² . When the mixing ratio of the binder to the carbide is in the above range, the fluidity is maintained in the carbide and the bonding force is obtained in the carbide, so that the kneading by the mixer and the delivery from the hopper to the molding machine are performed smoothly. It is molded into a predetermined shape at the time of pressure molding in molding. When the pressure during molding is in the above range, a solidified fuel having a satisfactory predetermined shape is molded.

[0011]

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described. The carbide used as a raw material is obtained by crushing carbides of combustible waste such as food processing residues. Food processing residues, etc. are peeled off to improve the appearance of soybean sprouts, radish sprouts, cut vegetables and products that have become unsellable during exhibition at the fresh vegetable market and fresh vegetable dealers (greengrocers). Vegetables such as vegetable scraps, leftovers, kitchen waste, and other organic combustible waste generated in the food processing process at suppliers of large quantities of food and lunches at catering lunch boxes and hotels.

[0012] The raw material carbide is obtained by putting a certain amount of combustible waste such as food processing residue into a known carbonization apparatus, heating it to a high temperature in an oxygen-free state, drying it, and carbonizing it. Some carbonization devices include a stirrer for stirring the combustible waste that has been introduced. In such a carbonizer, the carbides are crushed to some extent by the stirrer during formation. Since the carbonized material discharged from the carbonization device is crushed into a powder or a granule by a crusher, the molding by the molding machine can be easily performed.

[0013] A method for producing a solidified fuel of a predetermined shape from the crushed carbide is a method of molding by heating and pressurizing, or a method of adding a binder to the crushed carbide and kneading the mixture, followed by press molding with a molding machine. There is a way to do it. The purpose of adding the binder to the carbide is, first, to give a suitable fluidity to the kneaded material of the crushed carbide to facilitate molding by a molding machine. This is for bonding to a predetermined shape and keeping the shape. In some cases, it is used to prevent the generation of flying dust after combustion or to suppress the generation amount. Molasses,
Starch, lignin, polyvinyl alcohol (PV
A) or a mixture of one or more inorganic binders such as lime, slaked lime, water glass, cement, tar pitch and the like can be used. The binder to be used may be selected according to the properties of the carbide or the use of the solidified fuel.

As described above, there are various food processing residues and the like. Therefore, since these carbides also vary in physical properties and chemical composition, the type and amount of the binder used (the amount of the carbide and the binder) are used. The effective range and the optimum range of the mixing ratio) differ depending on the physical properties and chemical composition of the carbide. Also, the smaller the particle size of the carbide, the larger the required amount of the binder, and conversely, the larger the particle size of the carbide, the smaller the required amount of the binder. The effective range of the mixing ratio of the binder to the carbide is 5 to 25%. When using slaked lime and molasses,
The effective range of the mixing ratio of the carbide, slaked lime and molasses is 80 to 95: 8 to 2:12 to 3 by weight. The optimal range is
90: 4: 6. If the upper limit of slaked lime exceeds 8 and the upper limit of molasses exceeds 12, it is not preferable because the calorific value of the solidified fuel decreases. Also, the lower limit of slaked lime is less than 2,
If the lower limit of the molasses is less than 3, the moldability of the kneaded material is unfavorably deteriorated. Further, the effective range and the optimum range of the mixing ratio of the carbide and the binder differ depending on the type of the waste as the raw material of the carbide, and thus the present invention is not limited to the above range. Further, if the kind of the binder is different, the mixing ratio of the carbide and the binder is also different.

Table 1 shows the results of component analysis of the solidified fuel conducted by the Environmental Technology Center of Mitsubishi Materials Resource Development Corporation.

[Table 1]

The solidified fuel is obtained by press-molding the kneaded material into a predetermined shape by a molding machine.
It is convenient for handling such as shipping and use. And
Depending on its shape and size, fuel for power generation, fuel for heating,
It can be used for various purposes such as fuel for outdoor life.

Next, a method for producing the solidified fuel will be described. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram schematically showing a configuration of a manufacturing apparatus. Reference numeral 1 denotes a crusher, which is used to crush the carbide discharged from the carbonization device into powder and granules when the carbonization device does not have a crushing function. Therefore, when a carbonizing device having a crushing function is used, a crusher is unnecessary. Reference numeral 2 denotes a mixer, which is charged with crushed carbide and slaked lime as a first binder, which are discharged from a carbonization device having a crushing function or discharged from a crusher 1, and mixed with stirring. Then, molasses as a second binder is poured and mixed, and the carbide, slaked lime and molasses are kneaded. In this case, the mixing ratio of carbide, slaked lime and molasses
As an example, the weight ratio is 90: 4: 6. In the case of kneading at this ratio, an appropriate fluidity is obtained in the kneaded material, and an appropriate bonding force is obtained between the particles of the carbide.

Next, the kneaded material obtained by the mixer 2 is discharged from the discharge port of the mixer, and is subsequently put into the hopper 3. A screw is provided in the hopper 3, and when the screw rotates in a predetermined direction,
The kneaded material is sent downward by a fixed amount.

A molding machine 4 is provided below the hopper 3. In the molding machine, a pair of molding rollers 4 a and 4 b having a molding concave portion on the outer peripheral surface are arranged so that a part of the outer peripheral surface is close to and directly under the discharge port of the hopper 3. Then, a pair of forming rollers 4a, 4
A drive source such as a motor and an interlocking means such as a gear are provided for synchronously rotating b so that its opposing surface moves downward.

The forming recesses of the forming rollers 4a, 4b are provided at equal intervals, and the recesses of both forming rollers sequentially approach, face, and separate with the rotation of both forming rollers. Therefore, the kneaded material sent out from the hopper is pressed by the opposing surfaces of the two rollers, most of the pressed kneaded material is accommodated in the opposing concave portion, and the maximum is obtained by the closest opposing surface of the two rollers. It is formed into a predetermined shape under pressure. Since the kneaded material has an appropriate binding force, the kneaded material is continuously extruded from the hopper, and a solidified fuel having a satisfactory shape is formed by pressurization in a molding machine. The kneaded material not accommodated in the concave portion is spread between the opposing surfaces of both rollers,
A band-like burr is formed. Then, with the burrs attached to the molded product, the molded product descends into the lower vibrator 5 by its own weight.

The vibrator 5 is provided with a known vibrator, and applies a required vibration to the combined product of the molding and the burr that has descended from the molding machine 4 so that the solid formed as a molding is removed from the band-like burr. Separated fuel is dropped. Therefore, the molded product is easily separated from the burr by vibration and falls downward,
It is stored in the bucket 6 installed as needed. Further, after the burrs are stored in the bucket 6 provided in the vibrator 5, all or a part of the burrs are periodically charged into the hopper 3 and reused.

[0021]

As described above, the solidified fuel of the present invention is
The following effects are obtained. First, combustible waste such as food processing residues, which have been conventionally dumped or disposed of, can be recycled as fuel for various uses and used effectively. Therefore, combustible waste such as food processing residues, which had been only waste in the costly non-productive passive treatment method such as incineration, which is expensive, is converted into valuable resources by the aggressive treatment method of the present invention. It has the potential to produce not only economic effects but also significant effects that can create useful new industries. Secondly, the solidified fuel of the present invention has a hardness and a constant shape that can withstand handling, so that it is convenient for handling such as packing, transportation, storage and shipping. Third, since the raw material is a carbide having a high homogeneity and is formed into a fixed shape, it is easily burned and has a stable calorific value. Therefore, the fuel amount control is easy. Fourth, according to the present invention, a carbonization device is used to generate carbides at a site where food processing residues are generated, and the carbides are conveyed and collected from each generation site to a solidified fuel manufacturing plant, where the carbonized materials are useful. A large amount of solid fuel can be mass-produced. That is, a system for mass-producing solidified fuel from food processing residues can be constructed.

Further, according to the method for producing a solidified fuel of the present invention, the kneaded material is continuously extruded from the hopper because the binding force can be obtained while maintaining appropriate fluidity of the carbide.
Solidified fuel having a satisfactory predetermined shape is formed by pressurization by the forming machine. High productivity can be obtained by continuous molding,
Mass production is possible.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a configuration of a manufacturing apparatus for implementing a solidified fuel manufacturing method of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Crusher 2 Mixer 3 Hopper 4 Forming machine 4a, 4b Forming roller 5 Shaker

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Hiroshi Uskura 1-13-4 Kamikizaki, Urawa-shi, Saitama Nisshin Industry Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Toshiaki Eguchi 5-1-12 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo Otsuka F-term (reference) 4H012 HA01 4H015 AA03 AA07 AA12 AA14 AA17 AA25 AA28 AA29 AB01 AB03 BA13 BB03 BB05 CB01

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A solidified fuel obtained by crushing charcoal of combustible waste such as food processing residue into a predetermined shape having hardness enough to withstand handling. 2. The solidified fuel according to claim 1, wherein crushed carbides of combustible waste such as food processing residues are formed by heating and pressing. 3. The solidified fuel according to claim 1, wherein a required amount of a binder is added to crushed charcoal of combustible waste such as food processing residue and kneaded, and the kneaded material is pressure-formed. . 4. Binders such as molasses, starch, lignin, organic binders such as polyvinyl alcohol, slaked lime,
4. The solidified fuel according to claim 3, wherein one or more kinds of inorganic binders such as water glass, cement and tar pitch are mixed. 5. A slaked lime and molasses is used as a binder, and a mixing ratio of carbide, slaked lime and molasses is 80 to 95 by weight ratio.
The solidified fuel according to claim 3, wherein the solid fuel is 8: 12: 12-3. 6. A crushed combustible waste such as food processing residue is kneaded with a binder at a ratio of 5 to 25% by weight, and the kneaded material is mixed in a molding machine at 0.5 to 6 t / cm.
^2. A method for producing a solidified fuel, which comprises applying pressure to form into a predetermined shape.