JPWO2005100514A1 - Solid fuel and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The fuel body can be ignited reliably and quickly, and the combustion state can be maintained for a long time without any smoke or odor. Therefore, a solid fuel suitable as a heat source for baking raw foods and cooking is provided. A flat cylindrical fuel body (1) in which a group of combustion air vents (6) are formed, and an igniter layer (2) made of a thermite-like heating material disposed on the entire lower surface of the fuel body (1). ) And an ignition part (3) provided on part of the surface of the igniter layer (2). The fuel body (1) is formed into a porous body by pulverizing coconut charcoal fired at a high temperature and pressure-molding carbon particles (4) having a particle size adjusted to 12 to 32 mesh. 16 to 26 passages (6) are formed in the fuel body (1).

Description

  The present invention relates to a solid fuel suitable as a heat source for cooking such as grilling and cooking, and a method for producing the same.

Patent Document 1 is known regarding a solid fuel including a carbonaceous fuel body and an ignition material. The solid fuel there includes a fuel body including charcoal and formed coal, an ignition material, and a packaging material that accommodates both. As the ignition material, solid alcohol, gel-like industrial alcohol fuel, or the like is used, and the coal is ignited with this. The charcoal that occupies most of the fuel body is ignited by the combustion heat of the coal formed at the center of the charcoal group.
As an ignition material for charcoal that is difficult to ignite, carbonized powder of fiber material such as coconut husk and rice husk, combustible liquid organic substance typified by alcohol, and binder are kneaded and then molded into a cylinder and then dried Has also been proposed (Patent Document 2).
In the present invention, for example, thermite is used as the ignition material, and the fuel body is ignited by the reduction reaction heat. A heating element using this kind of thermite-like reaction heat as a heat source is known from Patent Document 3. There, a heat generating agent-containing paste containing a thermite-like heat generating agent, fibers, and a binder is formed into a sheet shape, and then dried and shaped into an arbitrary shape. The outer surface of the heating element is covered with a protective film as necessary. This type of heating element has a significantly higher reaction rate than alcohol-based or paraffin-based heating elements, and since the heating element is in the form of a sheet, the combustion time is extremely short, making it unsuitable as a heat source for cooking.
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent No. 3157819 (paragraph number 0013, FIG. 2)
[Patent Document 2] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2003-20491 (paragraph number 0015, FIG. 1)
[Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-240355 (paragraph number 0026, FIG. 1)
In the solid fuel of Patent Document 1, ignition is performed in the order of an ignition material, formed coal, and then charcoal. However, because the charcoal is placed in the central part of the charcoal group contained in the packaging material, the surrounding combustion air is consumed when the charcoal starts to burn, and the combustion of the charcoal cannot be sustained due to lack of oxygen. is there. Since it takes a long time for the charcoal group to ignite after the ignition material is ignited, the charcoal group is pre-combusted when baking or heating cooking using solid fuel as a heat source in a restaurant, for example. It is necessary to keep it and lacks responsiveness.
Furthermore, unburned charcoal is covered with burning ash (hereinafter referred to as ash fog phenomenon), and the thermal power tends to gradually decrease, and a part of the charcoal may remain unburned. It becomes useless. Such waste of solid fuel becomes a non-negligible amount when, for example, a restaurant or the like provides various dishes such as pottery and hot pot using solid fuel as a heat source. Since ignition materials made of solid alcohol and coals containing coal and fuel oil burn with a specific odor, there are problems in cooking foods with solid fuel, especially for living things. When baking, the odor is easily transferred to other ingredients.
An object of the present invention is to obtain a solid fuel capable of reliably and quickly igniting a fuel body. An object of the present invention is to obtain a solid fuel in which a fuel body maintains a combustion state for a long time without accompanying smoke or a strange odor. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a solid fuel that is suitable as a heat source for raw cooking and cooking.
The object of the present invention is to provide a solid fuel capable of quickly igniting a fuel body, eliminating a decrease in thermal power due to an ash fog phenomenon and completely burning the fuel body to the end, and stably exhibiting a predetermined heating temperature over a long period of time. Is to provide.

As shown in FIG. 1, the solid fuel of the present invention includes a fuel body 1 in which a group of combustion air passages 6 are formed, and an igniter layer 2 made of a thermite-like heating material disposed on the surface of the fuel body 1. And an igniter 3 provided on a part of the surface of the igniter layer 2. Among these, the fuel body 1 is characterized by being formed into a porous material having a gap 14 between the carbon particles 4 by pressure-molding the carbon particles 4 made of an odorless carbon material.
As the carbon particles 4 constituting the fuel body 1, those containing at least one plant-derived odorless carbon material such as charcoal, coconut shell charcoal, bamboo charcoal, and mangrove charcoal can be selected.
More specifically, the fuel body 1 includes pulverized coconut shell charcoal fired at a high temperature, a carbon particle 4 having a particle size adjusted to 6 to 60 mesh, and a binder 5 that binds the carbon particles 4 together. including. The binder 5 is made of any one of inorganic refractory cement or castable and natural polysaccharide or protein, or a mixture of two or more. The igniter layer 2 includes iron oxide, silicon, mineral fibers, and an aluminum oxide or silicon oxide binder. Thus, the igniting agent layer 2 is integrated with the fuel body 1 by adhering the igniting agent adjusted to a paste form by adding water to the surface of the fuel body 1 and drying it. At that time, the ignition part 3 is exposed to a part of the surface of the igniter layer 2.
The above-described fuel body 1 is formed in a flat three-dimensional shape, for example, a disk shape, and the entire lower surface of the fuel body 1 is covered with the igniting agent layer 2, and the fuel body 1 is rapidly planarized by the reaction heat of the igniting agent layer 2. Just make it possible to ignite.
Further, the fuel body 1 formed in a disk shape has 16 to 26 through holes 6 formed in a vertically penetrating manner, and the ratio of the opening area of all the through holes 6 to the area of the upper surface of the fuel body 1 is 7 It is preferable to set it to 5 to 30%.
In the method for producing a solid fuel according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4, a mixture of the carbon particles 4 and the binder 5 filled in the mold 10 is pressurized with a press machine so as to have a gap 14 between the carbon particles 4. A first step of forming a quality fuel body 1 and simultaneously forming a group of through holes 6 in the fuel body 1, and pouring an ignitant adjusted in a paste form on the surface of the fuel body 1 in the mold 10, A second step of forming the igniting agent layer 2 on the entire surface of the body 1, and after the igniting agent layer 2 is dried and solidified and integrated with the fuel body 1, an ignition part is formed on a part of the surface of the igniting agent layer 2. 3 is applied and formed so as to be exposed on the surface of the igniter layer 2, and a solid fuel is manufactured through a third step of separating the fuel body 1 from the mold 10.
In the second step, after the fuel body 1 is dried and solidified together with the mold 10, the igniting agent layer 2 is formed by pouring a paste-like igniting agent onto the surface of the fuel body 1 in the mold 10. be able to.
Effect of the Invention In the solid fuel of the present invention, an igniter comprising a fuel body 1 forming a group of combustion air vents 6 and a thermite-like heating material that does not require combustion air and generates high-temperature reaction heat. Since it is composed of the layer 2 and the ignition part 3 provided in a part of the igniting agent layer 2, the ignition reaction of the igniting agent layer 2 starts only by igniting the ignition part 3 with a familiar lighter or the like. The fuel body 1 can be burned by the high reaction heat. Therefore, the fuel body 1 can be ignited more quickly and reliably than the conventional solid fuel of this type.
Since the fuel body 1 is formed to be porous by press-molding the carbon particles 4, a relatively large gap 14 is secured between the adjacent carbon particles 4. The contact opportunity of the combustion air and flame with respect to the grain 4 increases, and the quick ignition to the coal grain 4, that is, the quick ignition of the fuel body 1 can be realized correspondingly. The previous gap 14 facilitates the supply of combustion air to the individual coal particles 4, favorably maintains the combustion state of the fuel body 1, and helps to burn the fuel body 1 completely. The reason why the carbon particles 4 are formed of the odorless carbon material is to avoid the generation of smoke and off-flavor during the combustion of the fuel body 1, which is suitable as a heat source for grilling raw foods and cooking. Solid fuel is obtained. By using the carbon particles 4 as the forming material of the fuel body 1, it is possible to increase the combustion duration as compared with a fuel body formed of powdered charcoal having the same weight while realizing ease of ignition.
When the coal particles 4 contain one or more odorless carbon materials derived from plants such as charcoal, coconut shell charcoal, bamboo charcoal, and mangrove charcoal, the generation of smoke and off-flavor is surely eliminated when the fuel body 1 is burned. As a result, a solid fuel suitable as a heat source for raw cooking and cooking is obtained. When the carbon particles 4 are formed of a plurality of types of odorless carbon materials, for example, by combining an odorless carbon material with excellent ignition characteristics and an odorless carbon material with good fire resistance, the characteristics according to the application Solid fuel can be formed, and the application target of solid fuel is expanded accordingly.
When the fuel body 1 is formed in a flat three-dimensional shape such as a disk shape and the igniter layer 2 is formed on the entire lower surface of the fuel body 1, the fuel body 1 can be quickly formed into a planar shape by the reaction heat of the igniter layer 2. I can ignite. When the fuel body 1 is formed in a flat three-dimensional shape, the ignition time on the entire circumferential surface of the fuel body 1 can be greatly shortened as compared with the formed coal having a large vertical thickness represented by commercially available briquettes. A strong heating power is evenly exerted on the entire upper surface of the body 1 so that the raw food can be cooked or cooked more suitably.
According to the fuel body 1 including only the coconut shell charcoal baked at a high temperature and having the particle size 4 adjusted to 6 to 60 mesh and the binder 5 binding the carbon particles 4, bamboo charcoal or Compared with the case where other odorless carbon materials such as mangrove charcoal are used as a raw material, the fuel body 1 that exhibits a balance between ease of ignition and good fire resistance is obtained, and the raw coal can be obtained at a low cost. When the particle size of the carbon particles 4 exceeds 6 meshes, it becomes difficult to ignite by the size of the particle size, and it takes time to ignite the fuel body 1. Moreover, in the case of the carbon particles 4 having a particle size smaller than 60 mesh, the specific surface area becomes too large and the combustion duration time is remarkably shortened. Therefore, it is preferable to use a carbon grain 4 having a particle size of 8 to 60 mesh.
By the way, charcoal has a higher raw material cost than other odorless carbon materials, and it is inevitable that the quality of the carbon material will vary due to the difference in the raw baked wood. It is difficult to make the characteristics uniform. For example, it does not mean that there is no homogeneous charcoal such as Bincho charcoal, but this makes the raw material costs too expensive. Therefore, it is desirable that the charcoal particles 4 be made only from coconut shell charcoal fired at a high temperature.
If the binder 5 for binding the carbon particles 4 is composed of a mixture of fire-resistant cement or castable and a paste formed of polysaccharides or proteins, a bad odor or smoke is generated by burning with the carbon particles 4. It can be well prevented from occurring. When refractory cement or castable is added to the binder 5, the adjacent interval of the coal particles 4 during the combustion is maintained, and the ash fog phenomenon prevents the coal particles from falling into an incomplete combustion state, and at the end of combustion. The fuel body 1 can be prevented from collapsing, and a predetermined heating temperature can be stably exhibited over a long period of time. Further, the refractory cement and the castable contribute to the improvement of the structural strength of the fuel body 1 in an unused state, and also prevent the fuel body 1 from being damaged during distribution.
The igniting agent layer 2 containing iron oxide, silicon, mineral fiber, and an aluminum oxide or silicon oxide binder is inevitable when using a synthetic resin binder. In addition, there is no generation of off-flavor, and the strength of the igniter layer 2 itself is improved by mixing with mineral fibers, and the igniter layer 2 is prevented from peeling off or collapsing during long-term storage. When the igniting agent adjusted to a paste form by adding water adheres to the surface of the fuel body 1 and solidifies by drying, the igniting agent solidifies in a state where a part of the igniting agent enters the gap 14 between the adjacent carbon grains 4. Therefore, when the igniting agent is dried, the igniting agent layer 2 and the fuel body 1 can be firmly integrated, and the igniting agent layer 2 can be separated from or separated from the fuel body 1 during distribution or long-term storage. It can be surely prevented.
In the fuel body 1 formed in a disk shape, 16 to 26 through holes 6 are formed vertically penetrating so that the ratio of the opening area of all the through holes 6 to the area of the upper surface of the fuel body 1 is 7.5 to If it is set in the range of 30%, the necessary and sufficient combustion duration can be ensured while the fuel body 1 is ignited within a time that does not hinder practical use. Furthermore, a solid fuel having a good balance between ease of ignition and good fire resistance can be obtained. If the ratio of the previous area is less than 7.5%, the time required for ignition is prolonged and the quick response is lacking. If the ratio of the previous area exceeds 30%, the combustion duration time is shortened, so that it can be applied only to cooking for a very short time, and there is a problem in practicality. Accordingly, the optimal area ratio is 7.5 to 30%.
In the method for producing a solid fuel according to the present invention, a mixture of carbon particles 4 and a binder 5 is pressure-molded to form a fuel body 1 having a uniform density, and then the surface of the fuel body 1 surrounded by a mold 10 An igniting agent adjusted to a paste is poured into the fuel body 1 to form the igniting agent layer 2 on the entire surface of one side. Furthermore, since the igniter layer 2 is dried and solidified and integrated with the fuel body 1, the ignition part 3 is formed on a part of the surface of the igniter layer 2, so that the solid fuel having a multilayer structure is less. It can be easily and easily manufactured. A series of processes from the pressure forming of the fuel body 1 to the formation of the igniting agent layer 2 and then to the drying are performed while the pressure-molded fuel body 1 remains in the mold 10. 1 and a part of the igniting agent layer 2 can be reliably prevented from being lost during the production or mixed with foreign matters, and a solid fuel having a uniform shape and combustion characteristics can be provided.
In the second step of the method of the present invention, after the fuel body 1 is dried and solidified together with the mold 10, a paste-like ignitant is poured onto the surface of the fuel body 1 in the mold 10 to form the igniter layer 2. Since the igniting agent is solidified in a state where a part of the igniting agent enters the gap 14 between the adjacent carbon particles 4, the igniting agent layer 2 and the fuel body 1 cannot be separated in a state where the igniting agent is dried. It can be firmly integrated in a state, and the shape of the obtained solid fuel can be stably maintained over a long period of time. Of course, the mold 10 may be transferred to another mold as necessary.

これらの結果から、固形燃料の用途によって、炭粒４の粒度は、６〜６０メッシュの範囲内が好ましく、１２〜３２メッシュの範囲内で選択することがより好ましい。因みに、炭粒４の粒度が６メッシュを下回ると、平均的な粒径が２ｍｍと大きくなり、着火に時間が掛かるうえ、成形時の保形性に劣る。炭粒４の粒度が６０メッシュを越えると、平均的な粒径が０．２５ｍｍと小さくなり、炭粒４の比表面積が大きくなる分だけ燃焼持続時間が短くなる。粒度が大きな炭粒４と、粒度が小さな炭粒４とを混合したとき、粒度の大きな炭粒４の隙間に、粒度の小さな炭粒４が入り込むため、燃料体１の密度が大きくなるが、適度の隙間１４を確保できず燃焼しにくい点で好ましくない。
次に、実施例２の燃料体１における通口６の直径や形成個数を変更して、燃料体１において最も好適な通口６の形態を調べた。通口６の直径は６ｍｍ、８ｍｍ、１０ｍｍ、１２ｍｍの４種類とし、その形成個数は１６個、２１個、２６個の３種類とした。得られた６種類の固形燃料は、先のテストと同様に、着火剤層２の下面に通気隙間を確保した状態でテストベンチ上に載置し、着火剤層２を点火してから燃料体に着火するまでの時間と、燃焼持続時間とを計測した。さらに、燃焼に伴う形状崩壊の有無を目視によって確認した。その結果を表２に示す。

表２から理解できるように、通口６の直径が大きいほど着火に要する時間は短くなるものの、逆に燃焼持続時間が短くなる。通口６の形成個数が多いほど、着火に要する時間は短くなるものの、逆に燃焼持続時間が短くなる。実際の使用状況を考慮すると、着火に要する時間としては、３．５〜４分ほどで十分であり、燃焼持続時間は４０分以上あれば足りる。これらの結果から、通口６の直径は８〜１０ｍｍ、通口６の形成個数は１６〜２６個であればよい。換言すると、燃料体１の上面の面積に占める全通口６の開口面積の比は、７．５〜３０％の範囲であればよいことが判った。さらに直径が１０ｍｍ前後の通口６を２０個前後形成することが最も好ましく、その場合の全通口６の開口面積の比は１６〜２０％となる。
本発明の固形燃料は、図３に示す燃焼容器２０を用いて燃焼させることができる。燃焼容器２０は、上下面が開口する金属製の円筒体からなり、その筒壁２０ａの上下中途部を筒内面側へ折り曲げて、固形燃料を受け止める支持片２１とする。支持片２１は筒壁２０ａの周方向４箇所に設ける。燃焼容器２０の下部４箇所には、燃焼空気を導入するための通気口２２を切り欠き形成する。支持片２１を形成することによって筒壁２０ａに形成される開口のひとつは、点火口２３として利用できる。
使用時には、着火剤層２の下面が支持片２１で受け止められる状態で固形燃料を燃焼容器２０内に収容し、点下部３を点火口２３に臨ませる。この状態で、着火用のライターの火で点下部３に点火すると、着火剤層２の還元反応が開始されて、ごく短時間で還元反応が燃料体１の下面全体に行き渡る。そのため、燃料体１の下面を着火剤層２の反応熱によって面状に迅速着火できる。
着火剤層２の反応かすは一部が燃料体１側に残るが、その殆どは還元反応時に飛び散って、燃焼容器２０の下方の火皿上に落下する。そのため、通口６の下面を開口して、燃焼空気を問題なく、通口６内へ導入することができる。以後は、着火した燃料体１の火が、下方から上方へと移るので、固形燃料を焼き調理の熱源や、鍋料理の熱源として使用することができる。
上記の燃焼容器２０は、固形燃料の包装容器を兼ねることができ、容器内に収容した固形燃料を遊動不能に固定したうえで、燃焼容器２０を通気不能に密封し、包装用の紙箱内に収容することにより、長期保存時の品質劣化がない固形燃料を提供できる。もちろん、１個あるいは複数個の固形燃料のみを密封した状態で販売してもよい。
図示例の通口６は丸孔としたが、例えば多角形など任意の孔形状にすることができる。必要があれば、通口６の一群を放射溝状に形成してもよい。燃料体１は平面視で円盤状に形成する必要はなく、例えば横断面が多角形で、他の寸法に比べて上下寸法が小さい扁平な立体形状に形成することができる。点火部３は複数箇所に設けてあってもよい。
なお、燃焼容器２０は、２個以上の固形燃料を隣接して収容できる構造であってもよく、その場合には固形燃料の平面視形状を多角形状としておくことにより、発熱面を均等に配置することができる。炭粒４は木炭、ヤシ殻炭、竹炭、マングローブ炭などの植物由来の無臭性炭素材の１種以上を含んでいれば足りる。
実施例で説明した固形燃料の製造方法においては、成形型１１の側に設けたピン１２で通口６を形成したが、型枠１０側にピン１２を設けて通口６を形成してもよい。その場合には、加圧成形された燃料体１を強制的に離型するためのノックアウトピンを、型枠１０側に設けることができる。
固形燃料は以下に説明する態様で形成できる。テルミット反応を利用した発熱体（着火剤層）３２と固形炭素（燃料体）３１とを、接触あるいは近接した構造とする。テルミット反応を利用した発熱体３２の上に固形炭素３１を積層し、これらを容器３３に充填し、あるいは包装材で包装する。テルミット反応を利用した発熱体３２を、金属酸化物と、金属酸化物に含まれる酸素と結合して還元反応を生じさせる還元金属などの還元剤と、必要に応じて添加される少量の補助組成物との混合物で構成する。
テルミット反応を利用した発熱体３２の原料を水あるいは有機溶剤と混練し、それを成型し、乾燥して固形燃料を形成する。固形燃料３１は、木炭、竹炭、ヤシ殻炭、パーム椰子炭などの植物を原料とした炭、鉱物系の燻炭、黒鉛、石炭、コークス、炭化繊維などを原料にして形成する。
固形炭素３１を、粉状あるいは粒状の炭素原料に、セラミック繊維、ガラス繊維、石綿などの不燃性繊維、バインダーおよび水を加えて混練し、厚みを有する、円形、正方形、長方形、楕円形、三角形、不定形、あるいは棒状や塊状に成型し、乾燥して製造する。
固形炭素３１の燃焼を助長するために、固形炭素３１に貫通した穴（通口）３４、あるいは表面に凹凸３５を設ける。固形炭素３１に、燃焼を触媒する添加物としてカリウム塩、ナトリウム塩、過酸化物を混入する。発熱体３２あるいは固形炭素３１を、鉄、アルミニウム、ステンレスなどの金属素材、あるいはセラミック、陶器、磁器、炭素などの素材よりなる容器３３、あるいは包装材に収納する。発熱体３２あるいは固形炭素３１を、紙、ニトロセルロース、プラスチック、塗料などの可燃性素材によって被覆する。固形炭素３１の燃焼を促進するため、発熱体３２あるいは固形炭素３１が収納してある容器３３、および包装材に空気の流入穴３７を形成する。
図５ないし図１３に固形燃料の具体的な実施形態を示す。図５（ａ）において符号４０は焼き料理に用いられる通常の金網である。図５（ｂ）に示すように、固形燃料は、金属缶（容器）３３に充填された発熱体３２の上に円盤型の燃料体３１を重ねて形成する。図５（ｃ）において、符号４１は固形燃料を嵌め込むための窪み４２を備えた卓上コンロである。図５（ｄ）はこれらを組み重ねた状態を示す。
上記のように発熱体３２と固形炭素３１を接触あるいは近接して配置し、発熱体３２にフリントや導火線などの公知の方法で点火すると、発熱体３２が短時間で高温に達し、直ちに固形炭素３１に延焼する。発熱体３２のテルミット反応による高温発熱と固形炭素３１の持続燃焼によって、高温の状態を長時間持続できる。
発熱体３２の発熱には酸素を供給する必要はないが、固形炭素３１には酸素を供給しなければ燃焼を持続できない。したがって、固形炭素３１に空気を如何に供給するかで、いろいろな構造が考えられ、燃焼の持続時間や燃焼効率に影響する。以下にその詳細を述べる。
図６（ａ）に示すように、金属缶３３に充填された発熱体３２の上に円盤型の固形炭素３１を重ねた固形燃料においては、発熱体３２に点火すると、固形炭素３１に延焼し、空気と接している側面および上面が燃焼する。固形炭素３１の底面は酸素が欠乏し、未燃焼炭素が残存する。しかし、固形炭素３１の厚みが薄ければ、未燃焼物はそれだけ少なくなる。
図６（ｂ）に示すように、発熱体３２と接する円盤型の固形炭素３１の底面に凹凸３５を形成すると、発熱体３２と固形炭素３１との間の空隙部を多くし、固形炭素３１の底面への空気の供給を促して、固形炭素３１の燃焼を促進できる。
図６（ｃ）に示すように、円盤型の固形炭素３１の代わりに、繊維状の固形炭素３１Ａを発熱体３２の上に積層すると、繊維状の固形炭素３１Ａの空隙が大きいので、空気の流通に優れ、未燃焼の炭素の残存量は少ない。しかし、燃焼の持続時間は短い。
図７（ａ）に示すように、発熱体３２の上に塊状の固形燃料３１Ｂを配置する場合には、塊状の固形燃料３１Ｂが落下しないように、金属缶３３の側面を高くしなければならない。すると、固形燃料３１Ｂへの空気の供給が不十分となるので、図７（ｂ）に示すように金属缶３３の側面に空気の流入穴３７を設けて、固形燃料３１Ｂの燃焼を促進する。
図８（ａ）（ｂ）に示すように、円盤型の固形燃料３１に上下に貫通する穴３４を多数設けると、空気は発熱体３２と固形炭素３１との間隙から流入し、穴３４を通って上方に排気されるので、固形炭素３１に十分な酸素が供給され、燃焼を持続できる。
図９に示すように、金属缶３３の底に貫通する穴３６と連通する穴３８を設けると、先のように、固形炭素３１のみに貫通する穴３４を設けた場合よりも、固形炭素３１への酸素の供給がより良好となる。この場合には、固形燃料３１の穴３４と連通する穴３８を形成することになる。
図１０（ａ）、（ｂ）に示すように、固形燃料の形状は円柱状に形成できる。そこでは、円柱型の発熱体３２の周囲を固形炭素３１で被覆した。符号４５は発熱体３２に塗布した点火剤である。
図１１（ａ）、（ｂ）に示すように、固形燃料は球状に形成できる。球形の発熱体３２の周囲を固形炭素３１で包んで固形燃料を球状に形成する。符号４６は点火部で、発熱体３２を固形炭素３１の外部に導出し、その先端に点火剤４５を塗布し、フリントや火薬で点火する。図９および図１０で説明した、円柱型および球形の固形燃料は、豆炭や備長炭の代用として利用できる。
図１２に示すように、図１０で説明した複数の円柱状の固形燃料を、その点火剤４５が互いに接触するように組むと、一箇所に点火するだけで、後は連鎖的に燃焼させることができる。また、図１３に示すように、図１１で説明した球形の固形燃料を、その点火部４６が、他の固形燃料に接触するように並べることによって連鎖的に燃焼を誘起させることができる。
以上のように構成した固形燃料は、発熱体３２の高温発熱と固形炭素３１の持続燃焼を同時に発揮させることによって、▲１▼短時間に着火し、▲２▼高温となって赤熱し、▲３▼それが持続する。▲４▼固形燃料の体積も比較的小さい。これらの特徴は、固形燃料が焼き料理に適していることを示す。
発熱体３２の構成成分にはいろいろな組み合わせが考えられるが、原理的には、金属酸化物と、金属酸化物に含まれる酸素と結合して還元反応を生じさせる還元金属などの還元剤と、必要に応じて添加される少量の補助組成物との混合物である。最も一般的で、経済的に好ましいのは酸化鉄とケイ素、あるいは酸化鉄とアルミニウムの各混合物である。
発熱体３２に点火すると、テルミット反応が即座に開始し、発熱体３２は数十秒で高温に達する。テルミット反応は酸素を必要としないので、発熱時間や発熱量は構成成分によって決まる。もちろん、構成成分の粒子サイズや製造方法によって影響されるが、一般的には発熱温度は１０００℃付近で、反応は数十秒で完結する。
ところで、固形炭素３１の燃焼には酸素が必要であるので、それを如何に供給するかによって、燃料としての発熱時間や熱量が大きく異なる。また、炭素の種類によっても同様である。図６（ａ）、（ｂ）で説明した固形燃料は、円盤型の固形炭素３１を発熱体３２の上に重ねただけであるので、固形炭素３１の燃焼は空気と触れている周囲に限定される。短時間では固形炭素３１の未燃焼物が多量に残存するが、それもかなり長時間後にはほぼ消失する。
図６（ｃ）の固形燃料は、繊維状の固形炭素３１Ａを使用した場合で、一般的に繊維間の空隙は非常に大きく、酸素の供給は十分なので短時間でそれは燃え尽きる。繊維の太さと空隙密度を調節することによって燃焼温度と時間、残り火をコントロールできる。
図７の固形燃料は、発熱体３２の上に塊状の固形炭素３１Ｂを配置した。塊状の固形炭素３１Ｂが落下しないように、金属缶３の側面を高くし、その側面に空気の流入穴３７を設けた。空気は側面の流入穴３７から進入し、固形炭素３１の塊の間を通って、上部に放出されるので、中央部の炭素塊も十分に燃焼する。
図８の固形燃料は、円盤型の固形炭素３１に上下に貫通する穴３４を多数設けるので、空気は発熱体３２と固形炭素３１の間隙から流入し、穴３４を通って上方に排気される。従って、固形炭素３１に十分な酸素が供給される。燃焼は固形燃料の上下のみならず円盤の中央部も均一に起こる。
図９の固形燃料は、通気用の穴３４と連通する穴３６を金属缶３３の底に設けるので、酸素の供給が非常に良好となる。しかし、発熱体３２が空気によって冷却されるので燃料としての持続時間は短い。
図１０の円柱型の固形燃料、および図１１の球形の固形燃料は、それぞれ発熱体３２の周囲を固形炭素３１で被覆するので、テルミット反応の開始と共に発熱体３２が熱膨張して固形炭素３１にひび割れを起こし、そこから酸素が供給されるので固形炭素３１の燃焼が内部まで起こる。
上記の固形燃料の燃焼状況、例えば赤熱時間および未燃焼量などに及ぼす円盤型の固形炭素３１の形状の影響を比較した（実験１）。さらに、固形炭素３１に設けた穴３４の数、大きさ、分布が、固形燃料の燃焼に及ぼす影響を調べた（実験２）。
（実験１）固形燃料を図５で説明した卓上コンロ４１に納め、ガスバーナーで発熱体３２に点火後、次の項目を測定した。
▲１▼点火後の赤熱時間：卓上コンロ４１の上方から肉眼で固形炭素３１の燃焼を観察し、それが赤熱している時間を測定した。
▲２▼点火３０分後の固形炭素３１の上面の表面温度を接触温度計で測定した。
▲３▼点火３０分後の固形炭素３１の未燃焼量を％で示した。
燃焼実験に供した固形炭素３１の原料および製法は、後述する燃焼試験１に示した方法と同じで、固形炭素３１の形状の詳細は以下の通りである。
図６（ａ）の固形炭素３１の直径を６．５ｃｍとし、その厚さ２ｃｍとした。
図６（ｂ）の固形炭素３１の底部に深さ巾共に５ｍｍの溝を縦横に５本設けた。
図６（ｃ）の固形燃料において、直径が０．０５ｍｍの炭化繊維３．７ｇを図６に示す容器３３に充填した。炭化繊維の層の厚さは２ｃｍであった。
図７の固形炭素３１の炭素塊のサイズを０．２ないし１ｃｍとし、その層の厚さを２ｃｍとした。
図８の固形炭素３１に直径０．６ｃｍの穴３４を２５個設けた。
以上の固形炭素３１をそれぞれ１００ｇの発熱体３２の上に重ね、点火後の燃焼を観察した。その結果を表３に示す。なお、対象として、発熱体３２のみについても測定した。
下記の表３から明らかなように、発熱体３２のみと比較して固形炭素３１を発熱体３２に重ねることによって赤熱時間を著しく延長できることが判った。また、固形炭素３１への空気の流入を計ることによって固形炭素３１の燃焼効率も改善されることが判明した。

なお、図６（ｂ）のように、固形炭素３１の底面に凹凸３５を設けても効果がなかったのは、発熱体３２が発熱するとその上表面は、かなり凹凸になるので、図６（ａ）のように、発熱体３２の上に重ねた固形炭素３１の底面が平滑でも、固形炭素３１の底面に凹凸３５を設けた場合と同じ状態になって空気の流通が容易に起こるからである。
図８（ａ）の固形炭素３１には、上下にたくさんの貫通穴８が設けられているが、下端は発熱体３２と密着して閉塞しており、空気の流入は制限されるはずである。しかし、発熱によって発熱体３２の表面が凹凸になり、十分の間隙が生じて空気の流入が十分に起こっていることが推察される。流入した空気は下端から上端に向かって上昇、煙突的効果で固形炭素３１の燃焼が促進される結果、固形炭素３１の燃焼率が増大し、赤熱時間も延長されたと考えられる。
（実験２）
図８（ａ）の固形炭素３１の穴３４のサイズと数を変更して、燃焼状況を確認し、その結果を表４に示す。

この実験結果から穴３４の数、サイズ、位置によって固形炭素３１の燃焼は大きく影響されることが判る。また穴３４への空気の供給は中央部になるほど不十分となるので、それだけ穴３４の径を大きくすればよいことが判る。
固形炭素３１の種類については、炭、黒鉛、石炭、コークスなどいろいろ考えられるが、着火温度はそれぞれ異なる。黒鉛やコークスなどは高温で製造され、炭素の純度は高いが、その着火温度は高く、酸化鉄と珪素の組み合わせのテルミット反応で延焼させることは困難である。石炭は着火温度も低く、火力も強く経済的で好ましいが、燃焼したときの匂いは料理に適さない。炭の着火温度は１０００℃以下で、黒鉛やコークスなどに比べて低く、また匂いの問題もなく、経済的であるので本発明の固形炭素の原料として適している。
炭は着火温度が高い白炭と低い黒炭に分類でき、前者には備長炭、後者にはマングローブ炭、パームヤシ炭、ヤシガラ炭、ノコ屑炭、竹炭などがある。マングローブ炭は容易に燃焼するが、炎の発生が大である。また、ノコ屑炭は火花の発生が多く、危険である。その他に鉱物系の燻炭もある。それぞれに特徴があるので、本発明の燃料の固形炭素として使用するとき、いろいろな炭素を適当に配合して固形化することも考えられる。
発熱体３２および固形炭素３１を収納する容器３３については、その素材として鉄、アルミニウム、ステンレスなどの金属、あるいはセラミック、陶器、磁器、炭素などが利用できる。また、それが容器３３でなくても単にそれらで包装するだけでもよい。さらには、可燃性素材、たとえば、紙、ニトロセルロース、プラスチック、塗料なども発熱体３２の形状を補強する目的で使用できる。
図８（ａ）に示す固形燃料を用いて、別の燃焼試験１を行った。試験のために用いた金網４０はステンレス製で、サイズは２０ｃｍ×２０ｃｍ、格子空隙は０．８ｃｍ平方であった。卓上コンロ４１の大きさは底辺１５ｃｍ×１５ｃｍ、高さ１０ｃｍであった。その材質は市販のセラッミク断熱材を使用し、中央を直径７．２ｃｍ、深さ２ｃｍにくりぬいて、窪み４２を形成した。固形燃料は、マングローブ炭（サイズは２ｍｍ＞）３０ｇ、でんぷん糊６ｇに水２４ｍｌを加えてよく練り、直径６．５ｃｍ、深さ２ｃｍのテフロン容器に入れた。
上記の固形燃料に直径１ｃｍの貫通穴１０個と、０．６ｃｍの貫通穴を２５個を、それぞれ中央部と周辺部に均等な間隔で開け、１２０℃で３時間乾燥して円盤型の固形炭素３１とした。一方、酸化鉄（Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３）８０ｇと珪素２０ｇを水３５ｍｌでよく練り、それを直径６．９ｃｍ、深さ１．５ｃｍのブリキ缶に入れ、１２０℃で一晩乾燥して円盤型の発熱体３２とした。固形炭素３１を発熱体３２上に重ねて、卓上コンロ用燃料とした。その断面図は図８（ａ）の通りである。
この固形燃料を卓上コンロ４１に納め、発熱体３２にフリント火花で点火したのち、固形炭素３１が赤熱している時間を測定すると、それは３０分間であった。また、固形炭素３１の燃焼率は８０％で、完全燃焼までの時間は１時間であった。
図１１の固形炭素３１を用いて、別の燃焼試験２を行った。酸化鉄（Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３）８０ｇと珪素２０ｇに、水３５ｍｌを加えてよく練り、それを直径１ｃｍ、長さ１０ｃｍの円柱にして、１２０℃で一晩乾燥したものを円柱形の発熱体３２とした。一方、マングローブ炭９０ｇ、でんぷん糊１８ｇに水７２ｍｌを加えてよく練り、それを発熱体３２の周囲に塗布して被覆し、１２０℃で３時間乾燥したものを円柱型の固形燃料とした。被覆部は長さ３ｃｍ、厚さ０．５ｃｍで、非被覆部の長さは２ｃｍとした。
得られた円柱型の固形燃料を燃焼試験１と同じ卓上コンロ４１に納め、固形燃料の発熱体３２の部分にフリント火花で点火した。固形燃料は全て赤熱し、赤熱した備長炭に似ていた。1 to 4 show an embodiment of a solid fuel according to the present invention. 1 and 2, the solid fuel according to the present invention is disposed on the lower surface of the fuel body 1 and the fuel body 1 formed in a flat disk-shaped solid shape having a small height dimension relative to the diameter dimension. The igniting agent layer 2 and the igniter 3 provided on a part of the outer peripheral edge of the igniting agent layer 2 are included.
In order to prevent generation of off-flavors and smoke during combustion, the fuel body 1 is formed of carbon particles 4 made from one or more odorless carbon materials derived from plants such as charcoal, coconut shell charcoal, bamboo charcoal, and mangrove charcoal. Specifically, a carbon fuel 4 obtained by pulverizing coconut shell charcoal fired at a high temperature is used as a raw material, and a binder 5 is mixed therewith, and then pressure-molded into a disk shape, and the resulting molded fuel body is obtained. Is dried and solidified to form a porous fuel body 1. A group of combustion air vents 6 are formed in the fuel body 1 in a vertically penetrating manner so that the whole fuel body 1 is ignited. In this embodiment, when the diameter dimension of the fuel body 1 is 10 cm and the thickness thereof is 25 mm, 21 through holes 6 having a diameter dimension of 10 mm are formed in the fuel body 1 in a state of being evenly dispersed. Each through-hole 6 was a round hole.
The binder 5 is made of a mixture of starch paste, a refractory cement containing aluminum oxide or silicon oxide, and water, and the adjacent carbon particles 4 are bound by the adhesive strength of the starch paste. The binder 5 may be castable instead of a refractory cement containing aluminum oxide or silicon oxide. The starch paste burns out simultaneously when the individual carbon particles 4 burn, but does not generate off-flavors or smoke. The refractory cement and castable maintain the adjacent relationship of the coal particles 4 during the combustion, prevent the ash fog phenomenon from causing the coal particles to fall into an incomplete combustion state, and further prevent the fuel body 1 from collapsing at the end of combustion. Prevent and mix all the charcoal grains 4 to burn completely. In addition, the refractory cement and the castable improve the structural strength of the fuel body 1 in an unused state and prevent the fuel body 1 from being damaged during distribution. A commercially available castable can be applied. Of course, as soon as the charcoal particles 4 are burned, the fuel body 1 devised so that it collapses and falls to the bottom of the stove, and the red charcoal particles during combustion appear constantly. In that case, the amount of refractory cement or castable added is reduced, or the binder is formed only with polysaccharides or proteins.
The igniter layer 2 is made of a thermite-like heat generating material composed of a metal oxide and a reducing agent, and generates high-temperature heat by the reduction reaction of the metal oxide. Examples of the combination of the metal oxide and the reducing agent include iron oxide and aluminum, iron oxide and silicon, magnesium and silicon oxide, titanium and carbon, and calcium and carbon. In this example, iron oxide was used as a metal oxide, silicon was used as a reducing agent, and mineral fibers and an aluminum oxide binder were mixed with these to form an ignition agent. Instead of the aluminum oxide binder, a silicon oxide binder can also be used. As will be described later, the igniting agent layer 2 is formed by adding water to the igniting agent to adjust the igniting agent layer 2 so as to adhere to the entire lower surface of the fuel body 1 and drying the paste.
The igniter 3 is formed of an ignition agent obtained by adding barium chromate or barium peroxide as a main component and adding powdered aluminum and amorphous boric acid thereto, and dissolving the ignition agent in water to form an ignition agent layer. After applying to 2, it is formed by drying. In order to easily ignite the ignition part 3 from the peripheral surface side, the ignition part 3 is provided from the lower surface of the igniting agent layer 2 to the outer peripheral edge (see FIG. 2). When using solid fuel, the reduction reaction of the igniter layer 2 can be started by igniting the ignition unit 3 with a lighter or a match fire. At this time, the igniter layer 2 reacts violently, and the reduction reaction spreads over the entire lower surface of the fuel body 1 in a very short time. Therefore, the lower surface of the fuel body 1 can be quickly ignited in a planar shape by the reaction heat of the igniter layer 2. As shown in FIG. 1, since a part of the igniting agent layer 2 has entered the through-hole 6, the inner peripheral surface of the lower end of the through-hole 6 can be ignited at the same time, and the fuel body 1 is ignited in a shorter time accordingly. It will be possible.
The solid fuel having the above structure can be mass-produced by the following manufacturing method. FIG. 4 shows a schematic process of the manufacturing method. Prior to the production of the solid fuel, first, a mixture of the carbon particles 4 and the binder 5 is prepared. The pasty igniter and the igniter dissolved in water are similarly adjusted in advance.
In the solid fuel of the present invention, a mixture of the carbon particles 4 and the binder 5 filled in the mold 10 is pressurized with a press machine to form the porous fuel body 1 and at the same time, a group of the openings 6 in the fuel body 1. After the fuel body 1 and the mold 10 are dried and solidified, the igniter adjusted in a paste form is poured into the entire surface of the fuel body 1 in the mold 10 to form the igniter layer 2. After the igniter layer 2 is dried and solidified and integrated with the fuel body 1, the ignition part 3 is applied and formed on a part of the surface of the igniter layer 2, and the fuel body 1 is removed from the mold 10. It manufactures through the 3rd process to isolate | separate.
That is, in the first step, as shown in FIG. 4 (a), after a predetermined amount of the mixture of the carbon particles 4 and the binder 5 is filled in the round dish-shaped mold 10 whose upper surface is opened, these are pressed by a press machine. At the same time that the fuel body 1 is formed by pressurizing at the same time, a group of through holes 6 is formed in the fuel body 1. For this purpose, a pin 12 for forming the through hole 6 is provided on the side of the mold 11 that enters the mold 10. The molding die 11 only needs to be pressurized so that the carbon particles 4 are bound together via the binder 5 and the overall density is constant. Reference numeral 13 denotes a base for receiving the mold 10. By pressing the mixture of the carbon particles 4 and the binder 5 with the molding die 11, the carbon particles 4 are bound together via the binder 5. However, a slight gap 14 is secured between the adjacent charcoal particles 4, and the porous fuel body 1 can be obtained with this.
In the second step, as shown in FIG. 4B, the porous fuel body 1 is dried together with the mold 10 and solidified. Specifically, the fuel body 1 and the mold 10 are housed in a drying furnace having an atmospheric temperature of 90 to 100 ° C., and the state is maintained for 8 hours to solidify the fuel body 1. At this time, since the binder 5 contracts somewhat, the gap 14 between the adjacent carbon grains 4 can be expanded as shown in FIG. The presence of the gap 14 increases the chance of contact of the combustion air and flame with the coal particles 14. Therefore, quick ignition of the charcoal particles 4 and maintenance of the combustion state can be realized. Incidentally, the size of the gap 14 changes variously depending on the size of the charcoal particles 4 and the mixing ratio of the charcoal particles 4 having different sizes, and affects the time required for ignition of the fuel body 1 and the combustion duration time. Therefore, this inventor determined the suitable magnitude | size of the carbon grain 4 by performing the test mentioned later.
In the third step, as shown in FIG. 4C, the igniter layer 2 poured into the mold 10 is dried and solidified. Specifically, the mold 10 into which the igniting agent layer 2 was poured was housed in a drying furnace having an atmospheric temperature of 110 ° C., and the state was maintained for 12 hours to solidify the igniting agent layer 2. As described above, the fuel body 1 is formed to be porous, and there is a gap between the adjacent carbon grains 4. Therefore, when a paste-like igniting agent is poured into the mold 10, a part thereof enters the opening 6 as shown in FIG. 1 (b), and further enters a gap between the adjacent carbon grains 4. Therefore, when the paste-like igniting agent is dried, the igniting agent layer 2 is firmly bonded to the fuel body 1, so that the igniting agent layer 2 is surely separated from the fuel body 1 or separated during distribution. Can be prevented.
The ignition part 3 is applied and formed on a part of the surface of the dried igniter layer 2, and the fuel body 1 is separated from the mold 10 as shown in FIG. . As described above, the ignition unit 3 is allowed to face the outer peripheral side surface of the igniting agent layer 2.
Unlike the manufacturing method described above, before the fuel body 1 is dried and solidified in the second step, the igniting agent layer 2 is formed by pouring an adjusted igniter into the entire surface of the fuel body 1 in the mold 10. In addition, the fuel body 1 and the igniting agent layer 2 can be dried and solidified simultaneously, so that the labor required for the drying treatment of the fuel body 1 and the igniting agent layer 2 can be halved.
As described above, in the solid fuel of the present invention, a group of charcoal particles 4 mixed with the binder 5 is molded by a press machine to form the porous fuel body 1, but the inventor uses the odorless property. Test how the ignition time and combustion duration of the fuel body 1 change depending on the carbon material, the size of the carbon particles 4 and the mixing ratio of the carbon particles 4 of different sizes, etc. Experiments were conducted on how to make a fuel body 1 suitable as a heat source for baking raw foods and cooking by checking the generation of smoke during combustion and the presence or absence of ash fogging. Furthermore, the diameter and the number of formed through holes 6 in the fuel body 1 were changed to optimize the through holes 6 to be provided in the fuel body 1.
(Example 1) Using coconut shell charcoal baked at 700 to 800 degrees C as a raw material, the particle size of the charcoal particles 4 is adjusted to 6 to 12 mesh, and the binder 5 and water are added to and mixed with this. The mixture was molded into a disk shape having a diameter of 10 cm and a thickness of 35 mm to obtain a fuel body 1.
The through holes 6 to be formed in the fuel body 1 were round holes having a diameter of 10 mm, and the number of formed holes was 21. The amount of carbon particles 4 used was 60 g per fuel body 1.
Binder 5 was formed of 25 weight percent starch paste, 53 weight percent aluminum oxide, and 22 weight percent refractory cement, with 20 weight percent mixed with the weight of the carbon granules 4. The density of the fuel body 1 molded under the above conditions was 0.24. An igniter layer 2 was formed on one side of the combustor 1, and an ignition part 3 was formed as described above. The thickness of the igniter layer 2 was 5 mm.
(Example 2) The fuel body 1 was formed on the same conditions as Example 1 except adjusting the particle size of the carbon grain 4 to 12-32 mesh, and making the thickness of the fuel body 1 into 20 mm. Since the particle size of the carbon particles 4 is somewhat smaller, the density of the fuel body 1 is 0.41.
(Example 3) The fuel body 1 was formed on the same conditions as Example 2 by adjusting the particle size of the carbon particles 4 to 60 mesh or more. Since the particle size of the carbon particles 4 is further reduced, the density of the fuel body 1 is 0.44.
(Example 4) The fuel body 1 was formed on the same conditions as Example 2 by using the coconut shell charcoal baked at 400-500 degreeC as a raw material, and adjusting the particle size of the carbon grain 4 to 12-32 mesh. Since the coconut shell charcoal was fired at a lower temperature than in Example 1, the density of the fuel body 1 was 0.37.
(Example 5) Mangrove charcoal baked at 400 to 500 degrees C was used as a raw material, and the particle size of the charcoal particles 4 was adjusted to 12 to 32 mesh to form a fuel body 1 under the same conditions as in Example 2. Since the charcoal raw materials are different, the density of the fuel body 1 was 0.37.
(Example 6) Bamboo charcoal fired at 700 ° C was used as a raw material, and the particle size of the charcoal particles 4 was adjusted to 12 to 32 mesh to form a fuel body 1 under the same conditions as in Example 2. Since the charcoal raw materials are different, the density of the fuel body 1 was 0.37.
(Example 7) Bamboo charcoal fired at 400 to 500 degrees C was used as a raw material, and the particle size of the charcoal particles 4 was adjusted to 10 to 30 mesh to form a fuel body 1 under the same conditions as in Example 2. Since the coconut shell charcoal was fired at a lower temperature than in Example 6, the density of the fuel body 1 was 0.30.
(Example 8) The fuel body 1 was formed on the same conditions as Example 2, using the charcoal baked at 700 degree C as a raw material, adjusting the particle size of the carbon grain 4 to 12-32 mesh. The density of the fuel body 1 was 0.23.
Each solid fuel of Examples 1 to 8 formed as described above was placed on a test bench in a state where a ventilation gap was secured on the lower surface of the igniter layer 2, and after igniting the igniter layer 2, the fuel body The time until ignition to 1 and the combustion duration were measured. Furthermore, the presence or absence of the ash fog phenomenon at the time of combustion, the presence or absence of generation of a strange odor, and the presence or absence of shape collapse due to combustion were confirmed visually. Table 1 shows the results. The time required for ignition was the time from when the igniter layer 2 was ignited until the temperature of the upper surface of the fuel body 1 reached 250 ° C. The combustion duration was defined as the time until the temperature of the upper surface of the fuel body 1 decreased to 150 ° C. or less after the completion of ignition.
As can be understood from Table 1, the time required for ignition is shorter as the firing temperature of the raw coal is lower, and shorter as the particle size of the carbon particles 4 is smaller. Moreover, the combustion duration is longer as the firing temperature of the raw coal is higher, and no smoke or off-flavor is generated. From these test results, as the raw material of the carbon particles 4, the coconut shell charcoal baked at high temperature, especially the carbon particles 4 of Example 2 in which the particle size is adjusted to 12 to 32 mesh, is easy to ignite, It turns out that it is optimal with the goodness of. In the fuel body 1 of Example 2, not only smoke and off-flavor were not generated during combustion, but there was no incomplete combustion of the charcoal particles 4 accompanying the ash fog phenomenon, and there was no collapse of the fuel body 1.

From these results, the particle size of the carbon particles 4 is preferably in the range of 6 to 60 mesh, more preferably in the range of 12 to 32 mesh, depending on the use of the solid fuel. Incidentally, if the particle size of the carbon particles 4 is less than 6 mesh, the average particle size becomes as large as 2 mm, and it takes time to ignite and is inferior in shape retention during molding. When the particle size of the carbon particles 4 exceeds 60 mesh, the average particle size becomes as small as 0.25 mm, and the combustion duration is shortened by the increase in the specific surface area of the carbon particles 4. When the coal particles 4 having a large particle size and the coal particles 4 having a small particle size are mixed, the coal particles 4 having a small particle size enter the gaps between the coal particles 4 having a large particle size. It is not preferable in that a moderate gap 14 cannot be secured and combustion is difficult.
Next, by changing the diameter and the number of formed through holes 6 in the fuel body 1 of Example 2, the most preferable form of the through holes 6 in the fuel body 1 was examined. The diameter of the through-hole 6 was 6 types, 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, and 12 mm, and the number of formation was 16 types, 21 types, and 26 types. The obtained six types of solid fuels were placed on a test bench with a ventilation gap secured on the lower surface of the igniter layer 2 in the same manner as in the previous test. The time to ignite and the combustion duration were measured. Furthermore, the presence or absence of the shape collapse accompanying combustion was confirmed visually. The results are shown in Table 2.

As can be understood from Table 2, the larger the diameter of the through-hole 6 is, the shorter the time required for ignition is, but conversely, the combustion duration is shortened. The greater the number of formed openings 6, the shorter the time required for ignition, but the shorter the combustion duration. Considering the actual use situation, it is sufficient that the time required for ignition is about 3.5 to 4 minutes, and the combustion duration is 40 minutes or more. From these results, the diameter of the through holes 6 may be 8 to 10 mm, and the number of formed through holes 6 may be 16 to 26. In other words, it has been found that the ratio of the opening area of all the openings 6 to the area of the upper surface of the fuel body 1 may be in the range of 7.5 to 30%. Further, it is most preferable to form about 20 through-holes 6 having a diameter of about 10 mm. In that case, the ratio of the opening areas of all the through-holes 6 is 16 to 20%.
The solid fuel of the present invention can be burned using the combustion container 20 shown in FIG. The combustion container 20 is made of a metal cylindrical body whose upper and lower surfaces are open, and a vertical halfway portion of the cylindrical wall 20a is bent toward the inner surface of the cylinder to form a support piece 21 that receives solid fuel. The support pieces 21 are provided at four locations in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical wall 20a. Ventilation holes 22 for introducing combustion air are cut out and formed in the lower four places of the combustion container 20. One of the openings formed in the cylindrical wall 20 a by forming the support piece 21 can be used as the ignition port 23.
In use, the solid fuel is accommodated in the combustion container 20 with the lower surface of the igniter layer 2 received by the support piece 21, and the lower point 3 faces the ignition port 23. In this state, when the spot lower part 3 is ignited by the light of the lighter for ignition, the reduction reaction of the igniter layer 2 is started, and the reduction reaction spreads over the entire lower surface of the fuel body 1 in a very short time. Therefore, the lower surface of the fuel body 1 can be quickly ignited in a planar shape by the reaction heat of the igniter layer 2.
A part of the reaction dust of the igniter layer 2 remains on the fuel body 1 side, but most of the reaction dust scatters during the reduction reaction and falls onto the baking pan below the combustion container 20. Therefore, the lower surface of the opening 6 can be opened, and combustion air can be introduced into the opening 6 without any problem. Thereafter, since the fire of the ignited fuel body 1 moves from the lower side to the upper side, the solid fuel can be used as a heat source for baking cooking and a heat source for cooking pots.
The combustion container 20 can also serve as a solid fuel packaging container. After fixing the solid fuel accommodated in the container so as not to move freely, the combustion container 20 is sealed so as not to be ventilated and placed in a packaging paper box. By containing the solid fuel, it is possible to provide a solid fuel that does not deteriorate in quality during long-term storage. Of course, only one or a plurality of solid fuels may be sold in a sealed state.
Although the through hole 6 in the illustrated example is a round hole, it can be formed in an arbitrary hole shape such as a polygon. If necessary, the group of through holes 6 may be formed in a radial groove shape. The fuel body 1 does not need to be formed in a disc shape in plan view, and can be formed in a flat three-dimensional shape having a polygonal cross section and a smaller vertical dimension than other dimensions, for example. The ignition unit 3 may be provided at a plurality of locations.
The combustion container 20 may have a structure that can accommodate two or more solid fuels adjacent to each other. In this case, the heating surface is evenly arranged by setting the shape of the solid fuel in a plan view to a polygonal shape. can do. It is sufficient that the carbon particles 4 include one or more odorless carbon materials derived from plants such as charcoal, coconut shell charcoal, bamboo charcoal, and mangrove charcoal.
In the solid fuel manufacturing method described in the embodiment, the through hole 6 is formed by the pin 12 provided on the mold 11 side. However, even if the pin 12 is provided on the mold 10 side and the through hole 6 is formed. Good. In that case, a knockout pin for forcibly releasing the pressure-molded fuel body 1 can be provided on the mold 10 side.
The solid fuel can be formed in the manner described below. The heating element (igniting agent layer) 32 and the solid carbon (fuel body) 31 using the thermite reaction are brought into contact or close to each other. Solid carbon 31 is laminated on a heating element 32 utilizing a thermite reaction, and these are filled in a container 33 or packaged with a packaging material. The heating element 32 utilizing the thermite reaction is combined with a metal oxide, a reducing agent such as a reduced metal that causes a reduction reaction by combining with oxygen contained in the metal oxide, and a small amount of auxiliary composition added as necessary. Consists of a mixture with the product.
The raw material of the heating element 32 utilizing the thermite reaction is kneaded with water or an organic solvent, molded, and dried to form a solid fuel. The solid fuel 31 is formed using charcoal made from plants such as charcoal, bamboo charcoal, coconut shell charcoal, palm coconut charcoal, mineral-based charcoal, graphite, coal, coke, carbonized fiber, or the like.
Solid carbon 31 is kneaded by adding non-combustible fiber such as ceramic fiber, glass fiber, asbestos, binder and water to powdery or granular carbon raw material, and has a thickness, circular, square, rectangular, elliptical, triangular It is molded into an indeterminate shape, a rod shape or a lump shape, and dried.
In order to promote the combustion of the solid carbon 31, a hole (passage) 34 penetrating the solid carbon 31 or an unevenness 35 is provided on the surface. The solid carbon 31 is mixed with potassium salt, sodium salt and peroxide as additives for catalyzing combustion. The heating element 32 or the solid carbon 31 is accommodated in a container 33 or a packaging material made of a metal material such as iron, aluminum, or stainless steel, or a material such as ceramic, ceramic, porcelain, or carbon. The heating element 32 or the solid carbon 31 is covered with a combustible material such as paper, nitrocellulose, plastic, or paint. In order to promote the combustion of the solid carbon 31, an air inflow hole 37 is formed in the heating element 32 or the container 33 in which the solid carbon 31 is stored, and the packaging material.
5 to 13 show specific embodiments of solid fuel. In FIG. 5A, reference numeral 40 denotes a normal wire mesh used for grilled dishes. As shown in FIG. 5B, the solid fuel is formed by stacking a disk-shaped fuel body 31 on a heating element 32 filled in a metal can (container) 33. In FIG.5 (c), the code | symbol 41 is a desktop stove provided with the hollow 42 for inserting solid fuel. FIG.5 (d) shows the state which accumulated these.
As described above, the heating element 32 and the solid carbon 31 are arranged in contact with or close to each other, and when the heating element 32 is ignited by a known method such as flint or a conductive wire, the heating element 32 reaches a high temperature in a short time, and the solid carbon is immediately generated. Fire to 31. A high temperature state can be maintained for a long time by the high temperature heat generation by the thermite reaction of the heating element 32 and the continuous combustion of the solid carbon 31.
Although it is not necessary to supply oxygen to generate heat from the heating element 32, combustion cannot be continued unless oxygen is supplied to the solid carbon 31. Therefore, various structures can be considered depending on how air is supplied to the solid carbon 31, which affects the combustion duration and the combustion efficiency. Details are described below.
As shown in FIG. 6A, in the solid fuel in which the disk-shaped solid carbon 31 is stacked on the heating element 32 filled in the metal can 33, when the heating element 32 is ignited, it spreads to the solid carbon 31. The side and top surfaces in contact with air burn. The bottom surface of the solid carbon 31 is deficient in oxygen, and unburned carbon remains. However, if the thickness of the solid carbon 31 is thin, the amount of unburned material decreases accordingly.
As shown in FIG. 6B, when the irregularities 35 are formed on the bottom surface of the disk-shaped solid carbon 31 in contact with the heating element 32, the gap between the heating element 32 and the solid carbon 31 is increased, and the solid carbon 31. It is possible to promote the supply of air to the bottom surface of the carbon and to promote the combustion of the solid carbon 31.
As shown in FIG. 6 (c), when the fibrous solid carbon 31A is laminated on the heating element 32 instead of the disk-shaped solid carbon 31, the voids of the fibrous solid carbon 31A are large, so that the air Excellent distribution and low residual amount of unburned carbon. However, the duration of combustion is short.
As shown in FIG. 7A, when the massive solid fuel 31B is arranged on the heating element 32, the side surface of the metal can 33 must be raised so that the massive solid fuel 31B does not fall. . Then, since the supply of air to the solid fuel 31B becomes insufficient, an air inflow hole 37 is provided on the side surface of the metal can 33 as shown in FIG. 7B to promote the combustion of the solid fuel 31B.
As shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, when a large number of holes 34 penetrating vertically are provided in the disk-shaped solid fuel 31, air flows in from the gap between the heating element 32 and the solid carbon 31, and Since the exhaust gas is exhausted upward, sufficient oxygen is supplied to the solid carbon 31 and combustion can be continued.
As shown in FIG. 9, when the hole 38 communicating with the hole 36 penetrating the bottom of the metal can 33 is provided, the solid carbon 31 is more than the case where the hole 34 penetrating only the solid carbon 31 is provided. The supply of oxygen to the water becomes better. In this case, a hole 38 communicating with the hole 34 of the solid fuel 31 is formed.
As shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, the shape of the solid fuel can be formed in a cylindrical shape. There, the periphery of the cylindrical heating element 32 was covered with solid carbon 31. Reference numeral 45 is an ignition agent applied to the heating element 32.
As shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B, the solid fuel can be formed in a spherical shape. The periphery of the spherical heating element 32 is wrapped with solid carbon 31 to form a solid fuel into a spherical shape. Reference numeral 46 denotes an ignition unit, which leads the heating element 32 to the outside of the solid carbon 31, applies an igniter 45 to the tip, and ignites with flint or explosives. The cylindrical and spherical solid fuels described in FIGS. 9 and 10 can be used as substitutes for bean coal or Bincho charcoal.
As shown in FIG. 12, when the plurality of columnar solid fuels described in FIG. 10 are assembled so that the igniters 45 are in contact with each other, they are ignited only at one place and then burned in a chain. Can do. Further, as shown in FIG. 13, combustion can be induced in a chain manner by arranging the spherical solid fuels described in FIG. 11 so that the igniter 46 contacts other solid fuels.
The solid fuel configured as described above is ignited in a short time by simultaneously exhibiting high-temperature heat generation of the heating element 32 and continuous combustion of the solid carbon 31, and (2) becomes red hot at a high temperature. 3 ▼ It lasts. (4) The volume of solid fuel is also relatively small. These characteristics indicate that the solid fuel is suitable for grilled dishes.
Various combinations of the components of the heating element 32 are possible, but in principle, a metal oxide and a reducing agent such as a reducing metal that causes a reduction reaction by combining with oxygen contained in the metal oxide; It is a mixture with a small amount of auxiliary composition added as necessary. The most common and economically preferred are iron oxide and silicon or iron oxide and aluminum mixtures.
When the heating element 32 is ignited, the thermite reaction starts immediately, and the heating element 32 reaches a high temperature in several tens of seconds. Since the thermite reaction does not require oxygen, the heat generation time and the heat generation amount are determined by the components. Of course, although it is influenced by the particle size of the constituent components and the production method, in general, the exothermic temperature is around 1000 ° C., and the reaction is completed in several tens of seconds.
By the way, since oxygen is required for the combustion of the solid carbon 31, the heat generation time and the amount of heat as fuel vary greatly depending on how it is supplied. The same applies to the type of carbon. Since the solid fuel described in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b) is obtained by simply stacking the disk-shaped solid carbon 31 on the heating element 32, the combustion of the solid carbon 31 is limited to the area in contact with the air. Is done. Although a large amount of unburned solid carbon 31 remains in a short time, it also almost disappears after a considerably long time.
The solid fuel shown in FIG. 6C is a case where fibrous solid carbon 31A is used. Generally, the gap between the fibers is very large and the supply of oxygen is sufficient, so that it burns out in a short time. Combustion temperature, time and embers can be controlled by adjusting fiber thickness and void density.
In the solid fuel of FIG. 7, massive solid carbon 31 </ b> B is disposed on the heating element 32. The side surface of the metal can 3 was raised so that the massive solid carbon 31B did not fall, and an air inflow hole 37 was provided on the side surface. The air enters from the side inflow hole 37 and passes between the solid carbon 31 masses and is released to the upper part, so that the central carbon mass is also burned sufficiently.
The solid fuel shown in FIG. 8 is provided with many holes 34 penetrating up and down in the disk-shaped solid carbon 31, so that air flows from the gap between the heating element 32 and the solid carbon 31 and is exhausted upward through the holes 34. . Accordingly, sufficient oxygen is supplied to the solid carbon 31. Combustion occurs not only above and below the solid fuel, but also at the center of the disk.
The solid fuel shown in FIG. 9 is provided with a hole 36 communicating with the vent hole 34 at the bottom of the metal can 33, so that the supply of oxygen is very good. However, since the heating element 32 is cooled by air, the duration as fuel is short.
The cylindrical solid fuel of FIG. 10 and the spherical solid fuel of FIG. 11 each coat the periphery of the heating element 32 with the solid carbon 31, so that the heating element 32 thermally expands with the start of the thermite reaction, and the solid carbon 31 Cracking occurs and oxygen is supplied from there, so that combustion of the solid carbon 31 occurs to the inside.
The effects of the shape of the disk-shaped solid carbon 31 on the combustion state of the solid fuel, for example, the red hot time and the unburned amount, were compared (Experiment 1). Further, the influence of the number, size, and distribution of the holes 34 provided in the solid carbon 31 on the combustion of the solid fuel was examined (Experiment 2).
(Experiment 1) The solid fuel was placed in the tabletop stove 41 described with reference to FIG. 5, and after the ignition element 32 was ignited with a gas burner, the following items were measured.
(1) Red hot time after ignition: The burning of the solid carbon 31 was observed with the naked eye from above the stovetop 41, and the time during which it was red hot was measured.
(2) The surface temperature of the upper surface of the solid carbon 31 after 30 minutes of ignition was measured with a contact thermometer.
(3) The unburned amount of solid carbon 31 after 30 minutes of ignition is shown in%.
The raw material and the manufacturing method of the solid carbon 31 used in the combustion experiment are the same as the method shown in the combustion test 1 described later, and the details of the shape of the solid carbon 31 are as follows.
The diameter of the solid carbon 31 in FIG. 6A was 6.5 cm, and the thickness was 2 cm.
Five grooves having a depth and width of 5 mm were provided vertically and horizontally at the bottom of the solid carbon 31 in FIG.
In the solid fuel shown in FIG. 6C, 3.7 g of carbonized fiber having a diameter of 0.05 mm was filled in the container 33 shown in FIG. The thickness of the carbonized fiber layer was 2 cm.
The carbon lump size of the solid carbon 31 in FIG. 7 was 0.2 to 1 cm, and the thickness of the layer was 2 cm.
25 holes 34 having a diameter of 0.6 cm were formed in the solid carbon 31 of FIG.
The above solid carbon 31 was stacked on 100 g of each heating element 32, and the combustion after ignition was observed. The results are shown in Table 3. In addition, it measured also about the heat generating body 32 only as object.
As apparent from Table 3 below, it was found that the red hot time can be significantly extended by superimposing the solid carbon 31 on the heating element 32 as compared with the heating element 32 alone. It has also been found that the combustion efficiency of the solid carbon 31 is improved by measuring the inflow of air into the solid carbon 31.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 6B, even if the unevenness 35 is provided on the bottom surface of the solid carbon 31, there is no effect. When the heating element 32 generates heat, the upper surface becomes considerably uneven. As shown in a), even if the bottom surface of the solid carbon 31 overlaid on the heating element 32 is smooth, the air flow easily occurs in the same state as when the unevenness 35 is provided on the bottom surface of the solid carbon 31. is there.
The solid carbon 31 in FIG. 8A is provided with a large number of through holes 8 at the top and bottom, but the lower end is in close contact with the heating element 32 and is blocked, and the inflow of air should be restricted. . However, it is presumed that the surface of the heating element 32 becomes uneven due to heat generation, a sufficient gap is generated, and air is sufficiently inflowed. The inflowing air rises from the lower end toward the upper end, and as a result of the combustion of the solid carbon 31 being promoted by the chimney effect, it is considered that the burning rate of the solid carbon 31 increased and the red hot time was extended.
(Experiment 2)
The size and number of the holes 34 of the solid carbon 31 shown in FIG. 8A are changed, and the combustion state is confirmed. Table 4 shows the results.

From this experimental result, it can be seen that the combustion of the solid carbon 31 is greatly influenced by the number, size, and position of the holes 34. In addition, since the air supply to the hole 34 becomes insufficient as it goes to the center, it can be seen that the diameter of the hole 34 should be increased accordingly.
Various kinds of solid carbon 31 are conceivable, such as charcoal, graphite, coal, coke, etc., but the ignition temperatures are different. Graphite, coke, etc. are produced at high temperatures, and the purity of carbon is high, but the ignition temperature is high, and it is difficult to spread by a thermite reaction of a combination of iron oxide and silicon. Coal has a low ignition temperature, high thermal power, and is economical and preferable, but the smell when burned is not suitable for cooking. The ignition temperature of charcoal is 1000 ° C. or lower, which is lower than that of graphite, coke, etc., has no problem of odor, and is economical and suitable as a raw material for solid carbon of the present invention.
Charcoal can be classified into white coal with high ignition temperature and low black coal. The former includes Bincho charcoal, and the latter includes mangrove charcoal, palm palm charcoal, coconut shell charcoal, sawdust and bamboo charcoal. Mangrove charcoal burns easily, but the flame is large. In addition, sawdust is dangerous because there are many sparks. There are also other mineral-based charcoal. Since each has a characteristic, when it is used as the solid carbon of the fuel of the present invention, various carbons may be appropriately blended and solidified.
For the container 33 for storing the heating element 32 and the solid carbon 31, a metal such as iron, aluminum, stainless steel, ceramic, ceramics, porcelain, carbon, or the like can be used as the material. Moreover, even if it is not the container 33, you may just package with them. Furthermore, combustible materials such as paper, nitrocellulose, plastic, paint, etc. can be used for the purpose of reinforcing the shape of the heating element 32.
Another combustion test 1 was performed using the solid fuel shown in FIG. The wire mesh 40 used for the test was made of stainless steel, the size was 20 cm × 20 cm, and the lattice gap was 0.8 cm square. The size of the tabletop stove 41 was 15 cm × 15 cm at the bottom and 10 cm in height. A commercially available ceramic heat insulating material was used as the material, and the center was hollowed to a diameter of 7.2 cm and a depth of 2 cm to form a recess 42. The solid fuel was 30 g of mangrove charcoal (size: 2 mm>) and 6 g of starch paste with 24 ml of water and kneaded well, and placed in a Teflon container having a diameter of 6.5 cm and a depth of 2 cm.
The solid fuel has 10 through-holes with a diameter of 1 cm and 25 through-holes with a diameter of 0.6 cm, and is opened at equal intervals in the center and the periphery, respectively, and dried at 120 ° C. for 3 hours. Carbon 31 was used. On the other hand, iron oxide (Fe ₂ O ₃ 80 g and 20 g of silicon were kneaded well with 35 ml of water, put in a tin can having a diameter of 6.9 cm and a depth of 1.5 cm, and dried at 120 ° C. overnight to form a disc-shaped heating element 32. The solid carbon 31 was stacked on the heating element 32 to obtain a fuel for a stovetop. The sectional view is as shown in FIG.
When this solid fuel was placed in the tabletop stove 41 and the heating element 32 was ignited with flint sparks, the time during which the solid carbon 31 was red-hot was measured, and it was 30 minutes. Moreover, the burning rate of the solid carbon 31 was 80%, and the time to complete combustion was 1 hour.
Another combustion test 2 was performed using the solid carbon 31 of FIG. Iron oxide (Fe ₂ O ₃ ) To 80 g and 20 g of silicon, 35 ml of water was added and kneaded well to make a cylinder having a diameter of 1 cm and a length of 10 cm, and dried at 120 ° C. overnight to form a cylindrical heating element 32. On the other hand, 72 g of water was added to 90 g of mangrove charcoal and 18 g of starch paste, kneaded well, coated around the heating element 32, coated and dried at 120 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a cylindrical solid fuel. The covering part was 3 cm in length and 0.5 cm in thickness, and the length of the non-covering part was 2 cm.
The obtained cylindrical solid fuel was placed in the same tabletop stove 41 as in the combustion test 1 and the solid fuel heating element 32 was ignited with flint sparks. All solid fuels were red-hot and resembling red-hot Bincho charcoal.

(B) is a longitudinal sectional view of the solid fuel, and (a) is a partially enlarged view thereof. It is a perspective view of solid fuel. It is a front view of the solid fuel which fractured | ruptured a part of combustion container. It is sectional drawing explaining the manufacturing process of solid fuel. (A) is the first step, (b) is the second step, (c) is the second step and the third step, and (d) is the third step. (D) is a perspective view which shows another embodiment of solid fuel, (a), (b), (c) is the exploded perspective view. It is sectional drawing which shows each embodiment of another solid fuel. (A) is sectional drawing which shows embodiment of another solid fuel, (b) is the front view which fractured | ruptured the part. (A) is sectional drawing which shows embodiment of another solid fuel, (b) is the top view. It is sectional drawing which shows embodiment of another solid fuel. (A) is a perspective view which shows embodiment of another solid fuel, (b) is the sectional drawing. (A) is a perspective view which shows embodiment of another solid fuel, (b) is the sectional drawing. It is a perspective view which shows embodiment of another solid fuel. It is a perspective view which shows embodiment of another solid fuel.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fuel body 2 Ignition agent layer 3 Ignition part 4 Charcoal grain 5 Binder 6 Entrance 10 Formwork 14 Gap

Claims (7)

A fuel body (1) in which a group of combustion air vents (6) is formed, an igniter layer (2) made of a thermite-like heating material disposed on the surface of the fuel body (1), and an igniter layer An ignition part (3) provided on a part of the surface of (2),
The fuel body (1) is characterized by being formed into a porous body having a gap (14) between the carbon particles (4) by press-molding the carbon particles (4) made of an odorless carbon material. Solid fuel. The solid fuel according to claim 1, wherein the carbon particles (4) constituting the fuel body (1) contain one or more plant-derived odorless carbon materials such as charcoal, coconut shell charcoal, bamboo charcoal, and mangrove charcoal. The fuel body (1) pulverizes the coconut shell charcoal fired at a high temperature to bind the carbon particles (4) whose particle size is adjusted to 6 to 60 mesh and the carbon particles (4) (5). Including
The binder (5) consists of a mixture of refractory cement or castable and glue formed of polysaccharides or proteins;
The igniting agent layer (2) includes iron oxide, silicon, mineral fibers, and an aluminum oxide-based or silicon oxide-based binder,
The igniting agent layer (2) is integrated with the fuel body (1) by adhering the igniting agent adjusted to a paste by adding water to the surface of the fuel body (1) and drying,
The solid fuel according to claim 1, wherein the ignition part (3) is exposed at a part of the surface of the igniter layer (2). The fuel body (1) is formed in a flat three-dimensional shape,
The entire lower surface of the fuel body (1) is covered with an igniter layer (2),
The solid fuel according to claim 3, wherein the fuel body (1) can be quickly ignited in a planar shape by the reaction heat of the igniter layer (2). The fuel body (1) formed in a disk shape has 16 to 26 through holes (6) formed in a vertically penetrating manner,
The solid fuel according to claim 4, wherein the ratio of the opening area of all the openings (6) to the area of the upper surface of the fuel body (1) is set to 7.5 to 30%. A porous fuel body (1) having a gap (14) between carbon particles (4) by pressing a mixture of carbon particles (4) and binder (5) filled in a mold (10) with a press. A first step of simultaneously forming a group of through holes (6) in the fuel body (1),
A second step of forming an ignitant layer (2) on the entire surface of one side of the fuel body (1) by pouring an igniter adjusted in a paste form on the surface of the fuel body (1) in the mold (10);
After the igniter layer (2) is dried and solidified and integrated with the fuel body (1), the ignition part (3) is exposed on the surface of the igniter layer (2) on a part of the surface of the igniter layer (2). A solid fuel manufacturing method comprising: a third step of coating and forming so as to separate the fuel body (1) from the mold (10). After the fuel body (1) is dried and solidified together with the mold (10), the igniting agent layer (2) is poured into the surface of the fuel body (1) in the mold (10) by pouring the adjusted igniter into a paste. The manufacturing method of the solid fuel of Claim 6 formed.

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