JP2000314104A - Emergency running-stop equipment for construction motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide emergency running stop equipment for construction vehicle for definitely preventing accidents such as rolling-in of a worker thereby enhancing the safety on the job site. SOLUTION: Obstacle detecting means 2 for detecting an approach of an obstacle, alarm means 3 for generating an alarm when the obstacle detecting means 2 has detected the approach of the obstacle, and an automatic running stopping means 4 for automatically stopping the running of a motor vehicle when a driver has ignored the stopping of the vehicle within a predetermined time after the generation of the alarm are provided. Also, for the purpose of preventing the degrading of the work for road surface, a means for slowly stopping the running of a vehicle is provided.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an emergency stop device mounted on a construction vehicle that mainly performs work while traveling.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, a construction vehicle is a large vehicle because it is provided with working devices and the like, and accordingly, visibility from a driver's seat is poor. In addition, since the driver drives the vehicle while checking the work status during the work traveling, the driver often does not always look at the vehicle in the traveling direction.
For example, in the case of a compaction roller that performs compaction work on a pavement road surface, when performing compaction work at the very edge of a curved curb or fence, the side surface of the compaction wheel and the structure In order to avoid contact with an object, the driver steers the steering wheel while always visually checking the position of the rolling wheel in a manner of leaning out of the driver's seat and looking down. In such a case, attention is not paid to the traveling direction of the vehicle at all, and therefore, there is a risk that an operator who is working in the traveling direction may be involved in a rolling wheel or the like.

In order to avoid such an accident, a vehicle has recently been equipped with a detecting means such as an ultrasonic sensor, and when the detecting means detects an obstacle such as a worker in the traveling direction of the vehicle, the vehicle is driven. An alarm device that issues an alarm to a person has been put to practical use. As a warning, a means for appealing to the sight is provided by turning on a lamp, and a means for appealing to the hearing is to alert the driver by a method such as sounding a warning sound with a buzzer.

[0004]

However, according to the alarm device, when work is performed in a place with strong external light or a loud noise such as in the daytime, the lighting of the lamp or a warning sound is generated by the external light. The noise may be turned off and the driver may not notice that the alarm has been issued at all. Further, even if the driver notices the warning, there is a possibility that the driver may be involved in the accident due to negligence such as negligence of duties. As described above, the existing alarm device merely alerts the driver by an alarm, and does not always function sufficiently as a device for ensuring the safety of a work site.

The present invention has been made in order to solve such problems, and an emergency stop of a construction vehicle, in which an accident involving a person is reliably prevented and safety at a work site is improved. It is intended to provide a device.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an obstacle detecting means for detecting the proximity of an obstacle, and an alarm when the obstacle detecting means detects the proximity of an obstacle. Emergency traveling of a construction vehicle, comprising: a warning means for issuing a warning message; and automatic traveling stop means for automatically stopping the traveling of the vehicle when the driver fails to stop the vehicle within a predetermined time after the warning is issued. A stopping device was configured.

Further, in order to prevent the deterioration of construction (road surface) quality, the vehicle is provided with a gentle stopping means for gently stopping the running of the vehicle.

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The emergency stop device according to the present invention is mainly applied to a construction vehicle that performs work while traveling at a low speed. As an example, FIGS.
This will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the emergency travel stop device, FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the mounting positions of the tire rollers and the members constituting the emergency travel stop device, FIG. 2 (a) is a side view thereof, and FIG. FIG. 3B is a plan view, FIG. 3 is a side view showing a state where the limit switch is mounted on the brake pedal, and FIG. 4 is a block diagram (partially omitted) of an emergency traveling stop device provided with a slow stop means. FIG.
In each connection, the thin solid line indicates the electric circuit, the thick solid line indicates the hydraulic piping, the dotted line indicates the air piping, and the push rod 1
5 and 29 are shown as two mechanical lines as mechanical elements.

In FIG. 2, a tire roller R performs rolling at a low speed (about 10 km / h or less) while repeatedly moving forward and backward, thereby performing rolling pressure on a pavement road surface.
A plurality of rolling wheels (tires T) are arranged at equal intervals in the vehicle width direction as front wheels and rear wheels.

As shown in FIG. 1, an emergency stop device 1 according to the present invention includes an obstacle detecting means 2 for detecting the approach of an obstacle, and an emergency stop device 2 for detecting the approach of an obstacle. Alarm means 3 for issuing an alarm, and automatically stops running of the vehicle when the driver neglects to stop the vehicle within a predetermined time after the alarm is issued (in this embodiment, when the brake pedal is not depressed). And automatic traveling stopping means 4 for causing the vehicle to stop.

In this embodiment, a known ultrasonic sensor 5 is used as the obstacle detecting means 2. This ultrasonic sensor 5
An ultrasonic transmitting unit and an ultrasonic receiving unit (both not shown) are provided, and the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the ultrasonic transmitting unit hits an obstacle such as a person or a wall and reflects the reflected wave. The reception detects the obstacle. As shown in FIG. 2, the ultrasonic sensors 5 are respectively attached to the front end and the rear end of the tire roller R in a pair on the right and left sides.
A predetermined front space and a rear space of the vehicle indicated by a two-dot chain line are defined as obstacle detection ranges.

The alarm means 3 comprises a lamp 6 and a buzzer 7, both of which are arranged around the driver's seat C. When the ultrasonic sensor 5 detects an obstacle, the lamp 6 is turned on and the buzzer 7 is turned on. It emits a warning sound.

The operation of the ultrasonic sensor 5, lamp 6, and buzzer 7 is controlled by a controller 8. The controller 8 includes a processor and the like, has a function of adjusting the detection range of the ultrasonic sensor 5, a function of adjusting the volume of the buzzer 7, and the like, and is arranged around the driver's seat C. The power input terminal of the controller 8 is connected to the + terminal of the battery via an ignition switch 9 for starting the engine of the tire roller R, a system power switch 10, a forward / reverse lever switch 11, and the like. System power switch 10
Is a changeover switch such as a toggle switch which is connected to the ON terminal of the ignition switch 9 to turn ON / OFF the system operation of the emergency traveling stop device 1 and is disposed around the driver's seat C. Emergency traveling stop device 1 such as when forwarding vehicles
If there is no need to operate
Keep it.

The forward / reverse lever switch 11 is a two-circuit, two-contact type switch that is interlocked with a forward / backward switching lever L of the vehicle provided in the driver's seat C. The driver moves the forward / backward switching lever L to the reverse side. When it is turned on, it is connected to the M contact side to supply battery power to the controller 8. At this time, only the ultrasonic sensor 5 attached to the rear end of the tire roller R operates and emits ultrasonic waves. Similarly, when the forward / reverse switching lever L is set to the forward side, the forward / reverse lever switch 11 is connected to the N contact side, and the ultrasonic sensor 5 is operated only by the one attached to the front end of the tire roller R. Has become. When the forward / reverse switching lever L is in the neutral position, the forward / reverse lever switch 11 is not connected to either contact side, and the power supply to the controller 8 is turned off. Note that a buzzer indicated by reference numeral 12 is a back buzzer that notifies that the vehicle is in a reverse state.

Next, the automatic travel stopping means 4 will be described below together with the configuration of the brake device for the tire roller R. The brake device 13 of the tire roller R of the present example is a known oil brake equipped with a brake booster, and a schematic configuration of a hydraulic circuit thereof includes a master cylinder 1 that generates hydraulic pressure.
6, an air master 17 serving as a brake booster, a wheel cylinder 19 provided for each tire T, and a hydraulic pipe line OP communicating these. An oil reserve tank (not shown) is connected to the master cylinder 16 so that the amount of oil flowing through the hydraulic pipe line OP is adjusted. Reference numeral 20 denotes an air tank that stores compressed air generated by a compressor (not shown). When the driver depresses the brake pedal 14 disposed on the floor of the driver's seat C, the push rod 15 moves rightward in FIG. 1 in accordance with the amount of depression, and slides the piston in the master cylinder 16. This generates hydraulic pressure. Oil is supplied to the air tank 2 by the air master 17
After the oil pressure is increased by the compressed air supplied from 0,
It is supplied to each wheel cylinder 19. The piston in the wheel cylinder 19 presses the brake shoe against the brake drum 18 by this oil pressure to apply a brake to the tire T.

Automatic running stop means 4 in this embodiment
Is a mode using the compressed air in the air tank 20, and performs pedal-on detection means 21 for detecting the presence / absence of depression of the brake pedal 14, and ON-OFF of the supply of the compressed air to the brake device 13, that is, the air tank Air supply path 24 that communicates with the brake device 13
An air supply path opening / closing means 22 for opening / closing the vehicle, and a detection signal when the obstacle detection means 2 detects the proximity of an obstacle (in this example, a signal for operating the lamp 6 and the buzzer 7 output from the controller 8) ), And control means 23 for controlling the air supply path opening / closing means 22 based on whether or not the brake pedal 14 is depressed within a predetermined time. In this example, the limit switch 25, the solenoid valve 26, and the timer 27 are configured as the pedal depression detection means 21, the air supply path opening / closing means 22, and the control means 23, respectively, from the viewpoint of simplicity and economy of the apparatus. .

The limit switch 25 is a known switch in which a switch unit having a spring or the like is built in a housing. As shown in FIG. 3, the limit switch 25 is fastened and fixed to the tread surface side of the brake pedal 14 by bolts. Is mounted such that the switch unit is turned on by being pressed by the driver's foot. As shown in FIG. 1, one terminal of the limit switch 25 is connected to the system power switch 1.
0, + of the battery via the ignition switch 9
The terminal is connected to the other terminal, and the other terminal is connected to the timer 27. When the switch is turned on, the battery power is input to the timer 27 as an electric signal.

Here, usually, not only the construction vehicle but also the brake pedal of the traveling vehicle is provided with a so-called "pedal play", and the brake pedal is depressed after the pedal is started to be depressed (the brake starts to work). There is some distance. Therefore, if the limit switch 25 is mounted on the tread side of the brake pedal 14 as in this example, by selecting the limit switch 25 having a small minimum load necessary for the operation of the switch section,
Turn on the switch of the limit switch 25 within the range of pedal play without applying brakes to the vehicle
It is possible to do. This effect will be described later. As the pedal depression detecting means 21, an electric signal for lighting the brake lamp of the vehicle can be used instead of the limit switch 25.

The solenoid valve 26 is provided in the air supply passage 24,
The air supply path 24 is communicated when it is open, and is shut off when it is closed. The air supply path 24 is formed of a flexible hose, a metal tube, or the like. As an example of operating the brake device 13 with compressed air, in this example, an air cylinder 28 is used. The end of the air supply path 24 is connected to the air import of the air cylinder 28, and the air cylinder 28 is connected to its push rod. 29 movement direction,
The push rod 29 is disposed so as to be parallel to the moving direction of the push rod 15 in conjunction with the depression of the brake pedal 14, the tip of the push rod 29 is formed in an L shape, and the tip is welded to the push rod 15. And the like. With this structure, when compressed air is supplied to the air cylinder 28, the push rod 29 moves rightward in FIG. 1 to move the push rod 15 rightward and generate hydraulic pressure in the master cylinder 16. become. The subsequent operation of the brake device 13 is as described above.

The timer 27 has two input terminals. One input terminal is connected to the controller 8, and the other input terminal is connected to the limit switch 25. Timer 2
The output terminal 7 is connected to the solenoid valve 26. The electric signal input from the controller 8 to the timer 27 is a signal transmitted when the obstacle detecting means 2 detects the approach of an obstacle, and in this example, is used as a signal for operating the lamp 6 and the buzzer 7. . The timer 27 determines that the driver has not depressed the brake pedal 14 within a predetermined time (set time) from the time when the signals for operating the lamp 6 and the buzzer 7 are input, that is, the limit switch 25 remains OFF. When no electric signal is input from the other input terminal, an output signal is output to the solenoid valve 26 after the lapse of the set time, and the solenoid valve 26 is kept open to bring the air supply path 24 into a communicating state. . Further, when the driver depresses the brake pedal 14 within a set time from the time when the operation signals for the lamp 6 and the buzzer 7 are input, that is, the limit switch 25 is turned on and the electric signal is transmitted from the other input terminal. When input, the output signal is not transmitted to the solenoid valve 26, the solenoid valve 26 is closed as it is, and the air supply path 24 remains shut off. In order to switch the solenoid valve 26 maintained in the open state to the closed state again, the brake switch 14 is depressed and the limit switch 25 is turned on.

The timer 27 has an adjusting function capable of changing the set time, and can be adjusted within a range of 0.1 to 10 seconds. This set time is appropriately set in consideration of the traveling speed of the vehicle during work, the detection range of the ultrasonic sensor 5, and the like. In this example, FIG.
As shown in (1), the timer 27 and the solenoid valve 26 are housed in one case 32 and are arranged around the driver's seat C. An adjustment knob for the set time of the timer 27 is provided on the surface of the case 32 and can be easily adjusted from the driver's seat C. The case 32 is configured to be detachable so that maintenance of the solenoid valve 26 can be performed.

Next, the operation of the emergency traveling stop device 1 in the tire roller R will be described. The driver starts the engine of the tire roller R with the ignition switch 9 (the ignition switch 9 is connected to the ON terminal),
When the system power switch 10 is turned on, the emergency stop device 1 is in an operable state. However, when the forward / reverse switching lever L is in the neutral position, the forward / reverse lever switch 11 is in the OFF state, and the emergency traveling stop device 1 does not operate. Then, when the driver moves the vehicle forward and puts the forward / reverse switching lever L on the forward side or on the reverse side in order to perform the compaction work on the road surface, the forward / reverse lever switch 11 is connected to the N contact side in the case of forward travel. , M for reverse
Battery power is supplied to the controller 8 by connecting to the contact side, and the emergency traveling stop device 1 is operated. When the vehicle travels forward, the ultrasonic sensor 5 attached to the front of the vehicle moves. Ultrasonic waves are transmitted from the attached ultrasonic sensor 5.

When an obstacle such as a worker enters the detection range of the ultrasonic wave, a signal for operating the lamp 6 and the buzzer 7 is output from the controller 8 based on the detection signal from the ultrasonic sensor 5, and the lamp 6 is turned on. At the same time, the buzzer 7 emits a warning sound to call attention to the driver. At the same time, the activation signal is also input to the timer 27. And, if the driver does not notice the lighting of the lamp 6 or the warning sound of the buzzer 7,
If the brake pedal 14 is not depressed within the set time set in advance by the timer 27, the solenoid valve 26 is opened after the set time elapses, and the air supply path 24 is in communication with the air cylinder 28. Compressed air is supplied. When compressed air is supplied, the air cylinder 2
The push rod 29 of No. 8 moves the push rod 15 as described above to generate hydraulic pressure in the master cylinder 16. The operation of the brake device 13 thereafter is as described above. Finally, the brake shoe is pressed against the brake drum 18 to apply a brake to the tire T, and the tire roller R automatically stops running.

If the driver notices the turning-on of the lamp 6 or the warning sound of the buzzer 7 and depresses the brake pedal 14 to apply a brake to the vehicle within the set time set by the timer 27, Then, the limit switch 25 is turned ON, the electromagnetic valve 26 is kept in the closed state, and the air supply path 24 is kept in the cut-off state. That is, the automatic traveling stop function of the emergency traveling stop device 1 is released when the driver turns on the limit switch 25.

As described above, according to the present invention, when a worker or the like unexpectedly enters a traveling area near a vehicle, the driver may notice the worker looking at a direction different from the traveling direction of the vehicle. The vehicle stops running automatically even if the site is bright or the driver does not depress the brake pedal, even if he does not notice the lighting of the lamp or the buzzer alarm due to noise, etc. As a result, safety at the work site is ensured.

Further, according to the present invention, the vehicle is not automatically stopped at all times when an obstacle is detected, but when the driver notices the warning and depresses the brake pedal (or the limit switch 25), the emergency stop is performed. Travel stop device 1
The automatic travel stop function is released, and the configuration is effective in the following points. For example, in an actual work site, there are many cases where workers on the ground are fully aware of the existence of vehicles and they have to temporarily enter the traveling area of the vehicles due to work. If the vehicle stopped automatically,
The work efficiency of the vehicle will be reduced. In addition, there is a case where the stop of traveling of the vehicle itself may hinder the construction quality.For example, when performing rolling work on a pavement road surface with a tire roller, it is desirable to perform rolling at a constant traveling speed, and during rolling, When a braking force is applied to the tires, the road surface material is extruded, causing localized unevenness on the pavement road surface.The pavement road surface is distorted and causes cracks to occur later. Occurs. In the present invention, from the above viewpoints, when the driver determines that the situation at that time is sufficiently safe, the driver depresses the brake pedal lightly to release the automatic travel stop function, and allows the vehicle to travel as it is, or By leaving options such as slowing down the vehicle by applying the brakes gently so as not to affect the quality, it is possible to avoid unnecessary stoppage of the vehicle, prevent the reduction of the work efficiency of the vehicle, and lower the construction quality. We are trying to prevent it.

As described above, the switch of the limit switch 25 is turned on within the range of the play of the pedal.
With this configuration, the automatic traveling stop function of the emergency traveling stop device 1 can be released without exerting any braking force on the tire, and the problems in construction quality caused by the above-mentioned brakes can be eliminated. It can be more effectively prevented.

Now, the emergency traveling stop device 1 described above
According to the above, when the driver cancels the automatic travel stop function and applies the brake by the brake pedal 14 himself,
In order to avoid the above-mentioned problems, it is possible to avoid the sudden braking and gradually apply the brake so that the vehicle can be slowly decelerated. However, the emergency traveling stop device 1 can be used without the driver noticing the warning. Is activated to open the solenoid valve 26, the compressed air is supplied to the air cylinder 28.
Is supplied to the master cylinder 16 at a high pressure, and the push rod 29 (and the
The hydraulic pressure generated at the moment suddenly becomes a high pressure state, and the tire T
Will be suddenly braked. Reference numeral 30 in FIG. 4 is for solving the problem, and indicates a slow stop means for slowly stopping the running of the vehicle. In this embodiment, the flow rate adjusting valve 31 is used in view of simplicity and economy of the apparatus.

The flow regulating valve 31 is provided between the solenoid valve 26 and the air cylinder 28 in the air supply path 24. When the emergency traveling stop device 1 is operated and the solenoid valve 26 is switched to the open state, the compressed air is gradually increased from its low pressure state to the compressed air level due to the presence of the flow control valve 31. Will be supplied to the cylinder 28,
The push rod 29 and the push rod 15 do not move abruptly, but gradually increase their movement amount with the passage of time. Needless to say, this is
Normally, the operation is equivalent to the operation when the driver gradually increases the amount of depression of the brake pedal 14 so as to stop the vehicle slowly. Therefore, the master cylinder 16
The hydraulic pressure generated by the tire gradually increases, and the tire T
In this case, the braking force is not suddenly applied, but acts so that the braking force is gradually increased, and the vehicle gradually stops running. This makes it possible to more effectively prevent the above-mentioned problems in construction quality. The speed at which the hydraulic pressure rises is determined by setting the throttle value of the flow control valve 31 based on the result of a simulation based on the driver's depression force on the brake pedal 14.

The preferred embodiment of the emergency stop device for a construction vehicle according to the present invention has been described above. The above embodiment is an example in which the emergency traveling stop device is attached to the tire roller, but the present invention is not limited to this, and any construction vehicle that performs work while traveling at low speed, such as a vibration roller or a stabilizer, may be used. Is also applicable. Further, in the present invention, "when the driver neglects to stop the vehicle within a predetermined period of time" means, in addition to the case where the brake pedal is not depressed, for example, a button for applying an emergency brake to the vehicle, or the like. When the forward / reverse switching lever is set to the neutral position during traveling, the brake is automatically applied, and the case where the brake operation by these buttons or levers is not performed is also included. . In addition, each constituent means and constituent members are not limited to the contents described in the drawings, and design changes can be appropriately made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0031]

According to the emergency stop device for a construction vehicle according to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. (1) The system is configured to detect the proximity of an obstacle and issue an alarm, and when the driver fails to stop the vehicle within a predetermined time after the alarm is issued, the vehicle automatically stops running. If the configuration is provided with an automatic traveling stop means for causing the vehicle to run, accidents such as the involvement of a person are prevented, and safety at the work site is ensured. (2) In addition, if a configuration is provided that includes a gentle stop means for gently stopping the running of the vehicle, it is possible to prevent a decrease in construction (road surface) quality.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration block diagram of an emergency traveling stop device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing attachment positions of tire rollers and members constituting an emergency traveling stop device, and FIG.
Is a side view, and FIG. 2B is a plan view.

FIG. 3 is a side view showing a state where a limit switch is mounted on a brake pedal.

FIG. 4 is a configuration block diagram (partially omitted) of an emergency traveling stop device provided with a gentle stop means.

[Explanation of symbols]

 R Tire roller (construction vehicle) 1 Emergency traveling stop device 2 Obstacle detecting means 3 Warning means 4 Automatic traveling stopping means 13 Brake device 14 Brake pedal 15 Push rod 20 Air tank 21 Pedal depression detecting means 22 Air supply path opening / closing means 23 Control means 24 Air supply path 28 Air cylinder 29 Push rod 30 Slow stop means

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. An obstacle detecting means for detecting the proximity of an obstacle, an alarm means for issuing an alarm when the obstacle detecting means detects the proximity of an obstacle, and within a predetermined time after the alarm is issued An emergency travel stop device for a construction vehicle, comprising: an automatic travel stop means for automatically stopping travel of the vehicle when a driver neglected a vehicle stop operation. 2. The emergency stop device for a construction vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising a gentle stop means for gently stopping the running of the vehicle.