JP2000298283A - Liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent sealing of air in the space between a spacer on one substrate and other substrate by forming a spacer on one substrate to be pressed and in contact with the other substrate and forming a means for draining air formed in the press contact part of the spacer. SOLUTION: A spacer 10 is formed on one substrate to be in contact with the other substrate. The spacer 10 is formed into a square with a large area on the substrate side and a small area on the top face 10A. Namely, the spacer is formed into a tapered projected body having tapered side faces. A notch 10C is formed in the spacer 10 of the structure. The notch 10C is formed, for example, extending from the top face 10A of the spacer 10 to the bottom and from the center, except for the peripheral part of the top face 10A to one side line. Thus, the notch 10C is formed in the spacer 10 so as to drain air which is easily reserved in the space between the top face 10A and the other substrate. The notch 10C not only has a function as an air draining means but a can turn into an infiltration passage of a liquid crystal.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly, to a liquid crystal display device having a spacer interposed between transparent substrates opposed to each other via a liquid crystal.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art By interposing a spacer between transparent substrates disposed opposite to each other with a liquid crystal interposed therebetween, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer can be made constant and display unevenness can be prevented. As the spacer, for example, there is a bead-shaped spacer, and the other substrate is arranged so as to face the liquid crystal side surface of one substrate while the other substrate is scattered. However, since these bead-shaped spacers are scattered on the surface of the substrate having irregularities, some spacers are positioned on the concave portions and other spacers are positioned on the convex portions. May not be as specified. On the other hand, as another spacer, there is a spacer formed in advance on a liquid crystal side surface of one substrate and fixed to a predetermined portion of the substrate. In this case, by forming the spacer in, for example, a concave portion of the substrate surface having irregularities, when the other substrate is arranged to face the gap, the gap between the substrates can be set as predetermined.

[0003]

However, in the latter spacer, when another substrate different from the substrate on which the spacer is formed is disposed to face, air is sealed between the top surface and the other substrate side. It was pointed out that it would be done. The spacer may have a recessed region formed in the center of the top surface due to curing shrinkage at the time of its formation or the presence of a recess formed in advance on the substrate on which the spacer is formed. Is accumulated. This means that the air remains as bubbles in the liquid crystal due to vibration or shock after the liquid crystal is sealed, and the specific resistance value of the liquid crystal fluctuates. The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device in which air is not sealed between a spacer and another substrate.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Among the inventions disclosed in the present application, the outline of a representative one will be briefly described.
It is as follows. That is, there is provided a spacer formed on one substrate side and pressed against the other substrate side, and a means for bleeding air formed at a pressure contact portion of the spacer. In the liquid crystal display device configured as described above, even if air is sealed in the pressure contact portion of the spacer with respect to the other substrate side, this will be avoided by the means.

[0005]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. [Embodiment 1] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. FIG. 1A is a plan view showing one pixel of each pixel of a liquid crystal display device called a so-called in-plane switching method, and FIG. 1B is a bb line of FIG.
FIG. Each pixel is arranged in a matrix to form a display unit. For this reason, the configuration of the pixel shown in FIG. 1 is the same as the configuration of the adjacent pixels on the left, right, up, and down. First, a scanning signal line (gate line) 2 extending in the x direction in the drawing is formed of, for example, a chromium layer on a liquid crystal side surface of one of the transparent substrates 1 opposed to each other via a liquid crystal. I have. This gate line 2
Is formed, for example, below the pixel region, as shown in the drawing, so that a region which substantially functions as a pixel is made as large as possible. The gate line 2 is supplied with a gate signal from outside the display unit.
A thin film transistor TFT described later is driven. In addition, a counter voltage signal line 4 extending in the x direction in the figure is formed substantially at the center of the pixel region, for example, by the same material as the gate line 2. The opposing voltage signal line 4 is integrally formed with an opposing electrode 4A. The opposing electrode 4A is formed, for example, by extending three lines in the vertical direction (± y direction) with respect to the opposing voltage signal line 4, for example. Have been. The counter electrode 4A is configured such that a signal serving as a reference for a video signal supplied to the pixel electrode 5 described later is supplied via the counter voltage signal line 4, and is connected to the pixel electrode 5. Then, an electric field having an intensity corresponding to the video signal is generated. This electric field has a component parallel to the surface of the transparent substrate 1, and the electric field composed of this component controls the light transmittance of the liquid crystal. This is the reason why the liquid crystal display device described in this embodiment is called a so-called horizontal electric field method. Note that a reference signal is supplied to the counter voltage signal line 4 from outside the display unit. On the surface of the transparent substrate 1 on which the gate lines 2 and the opposing voltage signal lines 4 are formed, an insulating film INS made of, for example, a silicon nitride film including the gate lines 2 and the opposing voltage signal lines 4 is formed. Have been. The insulating film INS functions as a gate insulating film in a region where a later-described thin film transistor TFT is formed, and has an interlayer insulation with respect to a gate line 2 and a counter voltage signal line 4 in a region where a later-described video signal line (drain line) 3 is formed. It has a function as a film, and a function as a dielectric film in a formation region of a capacitor Cadd described later. In such an insulating film INS,
A thin film transistor TFT is formed so as to overlap with the gate line 2, and a semiconductor layer 6 made of, for example, amorphous Si is formed in that portion. By forming the drain electrode 3A and the source electrode 5A on the upper surface of the semiconductor layer 6, a so-called inverted staggered thin film transistor TFT using a part of the gate line 2 as a gate electrode is formed. Here, the drain electrode 3A and the source electrode 5A on the semiconductor layer 6 are formed simultaneously with the pixel electrode 5 when the drain line 3 is formed, for example. That is, a drain line 3 extending in the y direction in the figure is formed, and a drain electrode 3A integrally formed with the drain line 3 is formed on the semiconductor layer 6. Here, as shown in the figure, the drain line 3 is formed, for example, on the left side of the pixel region, and has a region that substantially functions as a pixel as large as possible. The source electrode 5
A is formed simultaneously with the drain line 3, and is formed integrally with the pixel electrode 5 at this time. The pixel electrode 5 is formed so as to run between the aforementioned counter electrodes 4A and extend in the y direction in the drawing.
In other words, the opposing electrodes 4A are arranged at substantially equal intervals on both sides of the pixel electrode 5, and an electric field is generated between the pixel electrode 5 and the opposing electrode 4A. A portion of the pixel electrode 5 that overlaps with the counter voltage signal line 4 is formed so as to increase the area thereof, and a capacitor Cad is provided between the pixel electrode 5 and the counter voltage signal line 4.
d is formed. In this case, the dielectric film is the above-described insulating film INS. The capacitance element Cadd is formed, for example, to accumulate a video signal supplied to the pixel electrode 5 for a relatively long time. That is, when the scanning signal is supplied from the gate line 2, the thin film transistor TFT is turned on, and the video signal from the drain line 3 is supplied to the pixel electrode 5 via the thin film transistor TFT. Thereafter, even when the thin film transistor TFT is turned off, the video signal supplied to the pixel electrode 5 is stored by the capacitor Cadd. A protective film PAS made of, for example, a silicon nitride film is formed on the entire surface of the transparent substrate 1 thus formed, so that direct contact of the thin film transistor TFT with the liquid crystal can be avoided. Further, on the upper surface of the protective film PAS, an alignment film 7 for determining the initial alignment direction of the liquid crystal is formed. The transparent substrate whose surface has been processed in this way is called a so-called TFT substrate 1A,
A liquid crystal display panel is completed by arranging a transparent substrate, which is a so-called filter substrate 1B, on the surface on which the alignment film 7 is formed with liquid crystal interposed therebetween. The filter substrate 1B has a black matrix BM (outer contour is shown in FIG. 1) BM which outlines the pixel area on the liquid crystal side surface, and the black matrix BM
The flat film 8 is formed so as to cover the color filter FIL formed in the opening (corresponding to the center portion excluding the periphery of the pixel region) and the black matrix BM and the color filter FIL. Then, a spacer 10 is formed on the upper surface of the flat film 8 so as to overlap the substantially central portion of the region where the capacitive element Cadd is formed. The spacer 10 is composed of a protrusion formed by, for example, a synthetic resin film applied on the upper surface of the flat film 8 by a photolithography technique (selective etching is also performed if necessary), and is disposed via a liquid crystal. Substrate 1A
And the gap between the filter substrate 1B is controlled by the height of the projection. This spacer 10
Is arranged so as to overlap with the capacitive element Cadd because the line width of the opposing voltage signal line 4 positioned thereunder is relatively thicker than other signal lines, and the spacer of the alignment film 11 described later is formed. This is because a part of the alignment disorder caused by the light-shielding element 10 can be shielded by the counter voltage signal line 4. Another reason is that the spacer 10 is positioned substantially at the center of the pixel region surrounded by the black matrix BM, and it is easy to control the layer thickness of liquid crystal (gap between substrates) in the pixel. Then, an alignment film 11 is formed on the filter substrate 1B on which the spacer 10 is formed so as to cover the spacer 10 as well. Here, the alignment film 11 is formed, for example, by performing a rubbing process on the surface of a film made of a synthetic resin, and it is undeniable that an alignment disorder is generated around the spacer during the rubbing process. However, as described above, this alignment disorder has an effect that sufficient light shielding can be achieved by the counter voltage signal line 4 having a light shielding function. In the above-described embodiment, the spacer 10 is formed so as to overlap the portion where the capacitive element Cadd is formed. However, it is needless to say that the present invention is not necessarily limited to this configuration. This is because the capacitance element Cadd is formed relatively small and may be formed so as to overlap this voltage signal line 4 while avoiding this area. Further, in this case, the spacer is not limited to the counter voltage signal line 4 but may be, for example, another signal line, which may be overlapped with a signal line formed across the pixel region. Of course. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the spacer 10 is formed on the filter substrate 1B side.
Needless to say, it may be formed on the TFT substrate 1A side as another embodiment. In this case, there is an effect that the spacer can be formed without displacement with respect to the counter voltage signal line 4.

[Embodiment 2] Here, the alignment films 7 and 11 in the above-mentioned liquid crystal display device use a synthetic resin film as a material thereof, and the rubbing treatment is performed on the surface in contact with the liquid crystal as described above. is there. The direction of the rubbing treatment in this case is performed in accordance with the initial alignment direction of the liquid crystal, and TF
The alignment film 7 on the T substrate 1A and the alignment film 11 on the filter substrate 1B are rubbed in the same direction. In other words, the initial alignment directions of the alignment films 7 and 11 are parallel. As a result, in the portion where the spacer 10 is formed, the alignment film 11 formed on the top surface of the spacer 10 and the alignment film 7 formed on the side of the filter substrate 1A come into contact with each other. It has been confirmed that the force required for fixing is increasing. Although the main chain of the material of the synthetic resin film before the rubbing treatment is in a random state as shown in FIG. 2, for example, by performing the rubbing treatment in the above-described direction, as shown in FIG. This is because the alignment films 7 and 11 are easily fixed by the intermolecular force. As a result of experiments, it has been confirmed that when the molecular structure of the alignment film has a benzene ring, the above-described fixing force is further enhanced. It has also been confirmed that the above-mentioned fixing force can be further enhanced by selecting a material having more main chains than side chains as a material for the alignment film. Materials for the alignment film satisfying such conditions include the following. That is, 2,2-bis [4-
(P-aminophenoquine) phenylpropane] and pyromellitic dihydrate are selected. Its film thickness is 50 nm. As other alignment film materials, phenylenediamine, diphenylenediamine, as amine to be copolymerized with tetracarboxylic dihydrate,
Triphenylenediamine, formula

[0007]

Embedded image

(Wherein X is a direct bond, -O-, -CH
2-, -SO2-, -CO-, -CO2-, -CONH
Or a compound represented by the following general formula:

[0009]

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A compound having a structure represented by the formula (X is a direct bond in the formula 1), for example, a bis (aminophenoquine) diphenyl compound is used. Specifically, p-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, 4,4′-diaminoterphenyl, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 3,3′-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 4,
4'-diaminodiphenylbenzoate, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 2,2 '-(4,4'-diaminodiphenyl) propane, 4,4'-bis (p-aminophenoxy) diphenylsulfone, 4,4' -Bis (m-aminophenoxy) diphenyl sulfone, 4,
4′-bis (p-aminophenoxy) diphenyl ether, 4,4′-bis (P-aminophenoxy) diphenylketone, 4,4′-bis (P-aminophenoxy) diphenylmethane, 2,2 ′-[4,4 '-Bis (p-aminophenoxy) diphenyl] propane

[0011]

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4,4'-diamino-3-carbamoyldiphenyl ether represented by the following formula and a diaminosiloxane compound represented by the following formula:

[0013]

Embedded image

The halogen-free diamine which can be copolymerized with the above is, for example, 4,4
4'-diaminodiphenylether-3-carbonamide, 3-3'diaminodiphenylsulfone, 3-3'dimethyl-4-4'diaminodiphenylether, 1,6
-Diaminohexane, 2-2'-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) diphenyl] propane, 2-2'-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] methane, 2
-2'-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] sulfone, 2-2'-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] ketone, 2-2'-bis [4- (4
-Aminophenoxy) phenyl] biphenyl, 2-2 '
-Bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] cyclohexane, 2-2'-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] methylcyclohexane, bis [4-
(4-aminobenzoyloxy) benzoic acid] propane,
Bis [4- (4-aminobenzoyloxy) benzoic acid]
Cyclohexane, bis [4- (4-aminobenzoyloxy) benzoic acid] methylcyclohexane, bis [4-
(4-aminomethylbenzoyloxy) benzoic acid] propane, bis (4-aminobenzoyloxy) propane,
Bis (4-aminobenzoyloxy) methane, bis [2
-(4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] methane, bis [2- (4-aminophenoxy) -3,5-dimethylphenyl] methane, bis [2- (4-aminophenoxy)
-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl] methane, bis [2
-(4-aminophenoxy) -3,5,6-trimethylphenyl] methane, bis [2- (4-aminophenoxy) -3,5-diethylphenyl] methane, bis [2-
(4-aminophenoxy) -5-n-propylphenyl] methane, bis [2- (4-aminophenoxy) -5
-Isopropylphenyl] methane, bis [2- (4-aminophenoxy) -5-methyl-3-isopropylphenyl] methane, bis [2- (4-aminophenoxy)-
5-n-butylphenyl] methane, bis [2- (4-aminophenoxy) -5-isobutylphenyl] methane,
Bis [2- (4-aminophenoxy) -3-methyl-5
-T-butylphenyl] methane, bis [2- (4-aminophenoxy) -5-cyclohexylphenyl] methane, bis [2- (4-aminophenoxy) -3-methyl-5-cyclohexylphenyl] methane, bis [ 2-
(4-aminophenoxy) -5-methyl-3-cyclohexylphenyl] methane, bis [2- (4-aminophenoxy) -5-phenylphenyl] methane, bis [2-
(4-aminophenoxy) -3-methyl-5-phenylphenyl] methane, 1,1-bis [2- (4-aminophenoxy) -5-methylphenyl] methane, 1,1-bis [2- (4 -Aminophenoxy) -5-dimethylphenyl] ethane, 1,1-bis [2- (4-aminophenoxy) -5-methylphenyl] propane, 1,1-bis [2- (4-aminophenoxy) -3 , 5-Dimethylphenyl] propane, 2,2-bis [2- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane, 2,2-bis [2-
(4-aminophenoxy) -3,5-dimethylphenyl] propane, 1,1-bis [2- (4-aminophenoxy) -5-methylphenyl] butane, 2,2-bis [2- (4-amino) Phenoxy) -3,5-dimethylphenyl] butane, 1,1-bis [2- (4-aminophenoxy) -5-methylphenyl] -3-methylpropane, 1,1-bis [2- (4-amino) Phenoxy)-
3,5-dimethylphenyl] cyclohexane, 1,1-
Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, diamines such as bis [2- (4-aminophenoxy) -5-methylphenyl] -3--3-5-trimethylcyclohexane, and diaminosiloxane.

On the other hand, compounds of an acid component having a long-chain alkylene group and other copolymerizable compounds include, for example, octylsuccinic dianhydride, dodecylsuccinic dianhydride, octylmalonic dianhydride, decamethylene bistriene. Melitate dianhydride, decamethylene bis trimellitate dianhydride, 2,2-bis [4- (3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) phenyl] octyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2-bis [4 -(3,4-dicarboxybenzoyloxy) phenyl] tridecanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2-bis [4- (3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) phenyl] tridecanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, Stearic acid, stearic acid chloride, pyromellitic dianhydride, methyl pyromellitic dianhydride,
3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, dimethylene trimellitate dianhydride, 3,
3 ', 4,4'-biscyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3', 4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ', 4,4'-diphenylmethanetetracarboxylic dianhydride Anhydride, 3, 3 ', 4, 4'
-Diphenyl ether tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,
3 ′, 4,4′-diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-diphenylpropanetetracarboxylic dianhydride Compound, 2,2-bis [4- (3,
4-dicarboxyphenoxy) phenyl] propanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2-bis [4- (3,4-
Dicarboxyphenoxy) phenyl] hexafluoropropanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2-bis [4-
(3,4-dicarboxybenzoyloxy) phenyl]
Propanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, bicyclo (2,2,2)
Octa-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid And dianhydrides.

[Embodiment 3] FIG. 4 is a view showing another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, and corresponds to FIG. 1 is different from FIG. 1 in that a light-shielding film 15 made of the same material as that of the black matrix BM is formed below the region where the spacer 10 is formed on the filter substrate side on which the spacer 10 is formed. The spacers 10 are formed over a wider range than the spacers 10. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, it has been described that the alignment disturbance of the alignment film 11 caused by the spacer 10 can be shielded by the counter voltage signal line 4. However, the extent of the alignment disturbance may not be determined in some cases. Therefore, the light-shielding area around the spacer 10 is enlarged within a range that does not affect the aperture ratio of the pixel, and the effect is surely achieved. Further, with the above-described configuration, the light-shielding film 15 can be formed at the same time as the formation of the black matrix BM. However, it goes without saying that the light-shielding film 15 does not necessarily need to be made of the material of the black matrix BM.

[Embodiment 4] FIG. 5 is a view showing another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, and corresponds to FIG. The configuration different from that in FIG.
Located at the intersection of the gate line 2 and the drain line 3,
Moreover, it is provided so as to cover the intersection. In this way, the spacer 10 is connected to the gate line 2 and the drain line 3
The reason for this is that the liquid crystal in that portion is excluded, and the elution of metal components of the drain line 3 due to an electrochemical reaction using the liquid crystal as an electrolyte is prevented. That is, as shown in FIG. 6A, FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line bb in the drawing of the intersection of the gate line 2 and the drain line 3 intersecting each other via the insulating film INS. As shown in the figure, when the protective film PAS is formed on the upper surface, the growth during the formation of the protective film PAS interferes with the intersections (corners) of the sides of each signal line.
It is often the case that a sufficient protective film PAS cannot be formed, and liquid crystal penetrates into this portion to come into contact with the drain line 3 on the insulating film INS. In this case, the drain line 3 cannot escape metal component elution due to so-called electrolytic corrosion. For this reason, in the above embodiment, the spacer 10 is provided so as to cover the intersection of the gate line 2 and the drain line 3 to avoid the intrusion of the liquid crystal. However, for the reason described above, it is not always necessary to completely cover the intersection, and the spacer may be provided so as to cover at least the intersection of each side of the gate line 2 and the drain line 3. Needless to say.

[Embodiment 5] FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, and corresponds to FIG. 5 is different from that of FIG.
It is located in the formation region of the thin film transistor TFT, and is provided so as to cover the thin film transistor TFT. In this case, the spacer 10 covers the thin film transistor TFT for the purpose of covering at least a corner portion of the drain electrode 3A or the source electrode 5A of the thin film transistor TFT. That is, FIG.
When a protective film PAS is formed on the upper surface of the drain electrode 3A, as shown in FIG. In this case, the growth may interfere at the corners of the drain electrode 3A, so that a sufficient protective film PAS cannot be formed, and the liquid crystal often enters the portion and comes into contact with the drain electrode 3A. In such a case, the drain electrode 3A cannot escape the elution of metal components due to so-called electrolytic corrosion. Since the electrolytic corrosion of the drain electrode 3A or the source electrode 5A changes the channel width of the thin film transistor TFT, it is effective to be able to avoid this. The thin film transistor T
When the semiconductor layer 6 constituting the FT is also considered as one of the conductive layers, the inconvenience shown in the fourth embodiment described above may occur in relation to the gate line 2, so that the formation region of the thin film transistor TFT is covered. Providing the spacer 10 in this manner is extremely effective.

Embodiment 6 FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, and corresponds to FIG. 5 is different from that of FIG. 5 in that the spacer 10 is positioned at the intersection of the counter voltage signal line 4 and the drain line 3,
Moreover, it is formed so as to cover the intersection. The liquid crystal display device thus formed can prevent the electrolytic corrosion of the drain line 3 for the same reason as in the fourth embodiment. Further, since the spacer is positioned substantially at the center of the pixel in the y direction, the effect is obtained that the layer thickness of the liquid crystal in the pixel (gap between the substrates) can be easily controlled.

[Embodiment 7] FIG. 10 shows another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, and corresponds to FIG. 5 is different from that of FIG. 5 in that the spacer 10 is formed so as to cover one electrode of the capacitor Cadd (the electrode extending the counter electrode 5).
The spacer 10 is formed to have a relatively large area. As in the case shown in FIG. 9, the configuration is such that electrolytic corrosion of the electrodes by the liquid crystal can be avoided. In this case, the area of the spacer 10 can be increased without impairing the aperture ratio of the pixel at all, and the reliability of the spacer 10 can be improved. In addition, the spacer 10 is positioned substantially at the center of the pixel in the y direction, which has an effect that the thickness of the liquid crystal layer (gap between the transparent substrates) in the pixel can be easily controlled.

Embodiment 8 FIG. 11 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. FIG.
Is a plan view showing one pixel of each pixel of a liquid crystal display device called a so-called vertical electric field method, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along line bb in FIG. Each pixel is arranged in a matrix to form a display unit. For this reason, the configuration of the pixel shown in the figure is the same as the configuration of the pixel adjacent to the left, right, up and down. In the vertical electric field type liquid crystal display device, the configuration of the gate line 2, the drain line 3, and the thin film transistor TFT formed thereon is almost the same as that of the above-described horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device. A different configuration is that the pixel electrode 5 connected to the source electrode of the thin film transistor TFT is, for example, ITO (Indium-Tin).
-Oxide), and a portion (at least the black matrix BM) which is a substantial pixel region
) Is formed over the entire area.

On the other hand, the counter electrode 4A facing the pixel electrode 5 is an electrode common to each pixel on the filter substrate 1B side (for this reason, it may be called a common electrode).
For example, it is composed of a transparent electrode made of ITO. Since the light transmittance of the liquid crystal is controlled by an electric field generated in a direction substantially perpendicular to the substrate between the electrodes 5 and 4A formed between the liquid crystals, the vertical electric field method is used. . In such a liquid crystal display device, the spacer 10 formed on the side of the filter substrate 1B is disposed substantially at the center of the pixel electrode 5. This spacer 10
As shown in the figure, a rectangle formed on the surface of the flat film 8 and partially leaving the synthetic resin material applied on the flat film 8 by a photolithography technique (selective etching is also performed as necessary). No, each side surface is tapered and flared. The counter electrode 4A and the alignment film 11 are sequentially laminated so as to cover the surface of the flat film 8 with the spacer 10. From this, the alignment film 11 formed on the side surface of the spacer 10
It is formed at an angle with respect to the alignment film 7 formed on the side of the FT substrate 1A. In other words, in the pixel region, most of the electric field is generated in the direction perpendicular to the substrate, whereas the vicinity of the spacer 10 is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 7, an electric field having an angle with respect to the perpendicular direction is generated. Thus, a liquid crystal display device having a so-called multi-domain effect can be obtained. In other words, it is possible to eliminate the inconvenience due to the viewing angle dependency, in which the inclination of the viewpoint obliquely with respect to the main viewing angle direction of the liquid crystal display panel causes a luminance inversion phenomenon. Such an effect can be achieved without increasing other manufacturing steps by forming the spacer 10 in a substantially functioning pixel region (a region surrounded by the black matrix BM). In addition,
In the above-described embodiment, one spacer is arranged for each pixel. However, it is needless to say that the present invention is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. It goes without saying that three pieces may be arranged along the longitudinal direction. The effect described above can be improved by using a negative dielectric constant as the liquid crystal.

Embodiment 9 FIG. 13 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, and corresponds to FIG. 11, the configuration different from that of FIG. 11 is such that the pixel electrode 5 formed on the substrate side opposite to the substrate on which the spacer 10 is formed has an opening 5h at a portion facing the spacer 10. Has become.
The opening 5h of the pixel electrode 5 has a larger area than the top surface with the top surface of the spacer 10 positioned at the center, so that the alignment films 11, 7 may be interposed between them. Both are configured to prevent an unexpected short circuit between the pixel electrode 5 and the counter electrode 4A.
This means that the pixel electrode 5 simply needs to be formed so as to avoid the portion facing the spacer 10, and therefore, the means for avoiding the pixel electrode 5 is not limited to the above-described opening. For example, a notch may be used. Such a configuration can employ the same configuration even if a plurality of spacers 10 are arranged. For example, as shown in FIG. 14 corresponding to FIG. 12, a portion of the pixel electrode 5 opposed to each of the three spacers
Are provided with openings.

Embodiment 10 FIG. 15 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. The figure shows
The structure aims at a further effect of a so-called multi-domain, and the spacer 10 formed in the pixel region is
The pattern has a portion extending along the longitudinal direction of the pixel region and a portion extending along the lateral direction. Since the spacer configured as described above has a shape extending in one direction, a region where a multi-domain is formed increases, and thus the effect can be improved. In this case, FIG.
As shown in (2), by forming a symmetrical shape in each of the regions divided into two in the x direction and the y direction, the region in which the multi-domain is formed is uniformly distributed over the entire pixel, thereby improving the display quality. Will be able to do that. For such a purpose, it is not always necessary to form a symmetrical shape in each area divided into two in the x direction and the y direction.
It goes without saying that each of the divided regions may have a symmetrical shape. By providing the extending portions of the above-described spacers so as to pass through substantially the center of the pixel region, an effect is obtained that the thickness of the liquid crystal of the pixels can be easily controlled.

[Embodiment 11] FIG. 17 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, and corresponds to FIG. In the case of FIG. 11, the so-called multi-domain effect is adopted, but in the case of this embodiment, the domain is positively shielded from light. That is, in the filter substrate 1B on which the spacers 10 are formed, the center of the bottom surface of the spacers 10 is substantially matched, and
A light-shielding film 15 having an area larger than the bottom surface is formed. The light-shielding film 15 is made of the same material as the black matrix BM, and is formed simultaneously with the black matrix BM.

FIG. 18 shows a light shielding film 1 in which a domain generated around the spacer is also provided on the TFT substrate 1A side.
7, the light is not blocked, and the reliability is ensured. The light shielding film 17 provided on the side of the TFT substrate 1A
In the case of this embodiment, it is formed of a metal layer and is formed simultaneously with, for example, the same material as the gate line 2. Further, in the case of this embodiment, the light shielding film 17 is a spacer 1
The shape is annular in order to shield light from the 0 side, but is not necessarily limited to such a shape, and may be the same shape as the above-described light shielding film 15. From the above description, it goes without saying that the light-shielding film of the domain caused by the spacer may be provided only on the TFT substrate 1A side.

Embodiment 12 FIG. 19 shows another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, and is a plan view showing the structure of the spacer 10. This embodiment can be applied not only to the spacer of the liquid crystal display device described above, but also to a spacer of a liquid crystal display device having another configuration. In FIG. 1, a spacer 10 has a rectangular shape, and its substrate side has a large area and a top surface 1.
0 has a small area. That is, it is configured as a flared projection, and its side surface is tapered. Then, the spacer 1 having such a configuration is used.
0 has a notch 10C, and the notch 10C is, for example, from the top surface 10A to the bottom surface of the spacer 10, the top surface 1C.
It extends from the center excluding the periphery of 0A to one side.

The reason for this is as follows.
That is, as shown in FIG. 20, the spacer 10 may have a recess 10D formed at the center of the top surface 10A. This is because curing shrinkage may occur due to the formation of the spacer 10, or a depression may be formed in advance on the substrate side on which the spacer 10 is formed. In such a case, when the spacer is placed in contact with the substrate on which it is not formed, the recess 10D
Air is sealed, and it becomes difficult to remove the air when the liquid crystal is sealed. This means that the air remains as bubbles in the liquid crystal due to vibration or shock after the liquid crystal is sealed, and the specific resistance value of the liquid crystal fluctuates. For this reason, in the present embodiment, as described above, the notch 10C is positively provided in the spacer 10, and as shown in FIG. 20, the notch 10C is accumulated between the top surface 10A and the other substrate side in contact with the top surface 10A. This is an attempt to actively remove easy air. That is,
The notch 10C functions not only as an air vent, but also as a passage through which the liquid crystal can enter.
For this reason, such an air bleeding means does not necessarily need to be the notch 10C having the above-described configuration, but may be, for example, a groove or a dent formed in the top surface 10A of the spacer 10, and You may make it cross top surface 10A. Also, the shape of the spacer 10 is not limited, and may be a circular shape or another shape.

[Embodiment 13] FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. It is intended to be pulled out. In the case of the present embodiment, the configuration is such that the substrate side facing the spacer 10 is devised. That is, as shown in the figure, in the protective film PAS formed on the substrate side, a groove or a dent 15 extending to the outside of the corresponding contact portion is formed in a portion contacting the spacer 10. Has become. Also in this case, the groove or recess 15 can function as a means for bleeding the air sealed between the top surface 10A of the spacer 10 and the substrate that comes into contact with the top surface 10A.

Embodiment 14 FIG. 22 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. In the figure, a liquid crystal sealing opening 21 is provided in a sealing material 20 for sealing liquid crystal between each of the substrates 1A and 1B, and a spacer 10 existing in a region surrounded by the sealing material 20 or a spacer 10 The air release means shown in the above-described embodiment is provided on the substrate side to be pressed. Further, the air bleeding means formed of, for example, the notch 10 c is directed toward the liquid crystal sealing opening 21 on the side from which the air escapes. With such a configuration, the air accumulated in the pressure contact portion of the spacer with respect to the substrate can be efficiently removed through the air removing means. That is, since the liquid crystal sealing port 21 functions as an entrance for sealing the liquid crystal between the substrates and at the same time as an outlet for removing air from between the substrates, the air accumulated in the spacer 10 is removed from the spacer 10. This is because the liquid crystal can be led directly to the liquid crystal filling port without turning around.

[Embodiment 15] FIG. 23 is a view showing another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, and is a structural view showing the spacer 10. As shown in FIG. In the figure, the top surface of a spacer 10 is constituted by a plurality of divided spacer pieces. In other words, the spacer 10 is configured by divided spacer groups. The spacer 10 configured in this manner is similar to the above-described embodiment,
It has the function of bleeding air and the spacer 10
This will add elasticity to itself. This implies that a large force is applied to the spacer 10 by the pressure from the substrate, but by providing the spacer 10 with elasticity, the spacer 10 can be prevented from being damaged. From this, it is needless to say that the divided spacer group may be formed at least on the top surface side of the spacer 10 as shown in FIG.

[Embodiment 16] FIG. 25 is a view showing another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention in the in-plane switching mode. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along one of the gate lines of the liquid crystal display device.
Is provided with a spacer 10 fixed to the side of the filter substrate 1B opposite to. And the spacer 10 is
Spacer (first spacer 1) for holding the gap between the substrates
0B: exists in the area B in the figure), and particularly, spacers (hereinafter, referred to as second spacers 10A: exist in the area A in the figure) which are respectively superimposed and disposed on both ends of each gate line.
Consists of Further, on the liquid crystal side surface of the filter substrate 1B, conductive layers 21 are respectively formed so as to overlap with the respective gate lines 2 on the TFT substrate 1A side. In this case, each of these conductive layers 21 is necessarily formed in a state of covering the second spacer 10A,
Electrical connection is made to the gate line 2 which is disposed at the location of the second spacer 10A. For this reason, the gate line 2 is provided with a bypass circuit separately from the original signal line, and even if a break occurs in the gate line 2, the disconnection circuit is protected by the bypass circuit. Become like In the above-described embodiment, the protection circuit for the gate line 2 has been described. However, it goes without saying that the present invention can be applied to the case where the drain line 3 is protected. In this case, the gate line 2 in the figure is replaced with the drain line 3. It is needless to say that this embodiment may be applied to the configuration of the in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display device among the embodiments described above.

[Embodiment 17] FIG. 26 is a view showing another embodiment of a vertical electric field type liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view taken along one of the gate lines 2 of the liquid crystal display device.
A spacer 10 is provided fixed to the side of the filter substrate 1B facing A. The spacer 10 is a spacer that holds a gap between the substrates (referred to as a first spacer:
A spacer 10B (existing in a region B in the figure) and, particularly, a spacer (third spacer) disposed in the vicinity of a sealing material 24 for sealing each substrate.
(Referred to as a spacer: existing in the region A in the figure). The third spacer 10A is formed at the same time as the first spacer 10B at the time of formation. Then, on the liquid crystal side surface of the filter substrate 1B,
A common electrode (transparent electrode) 22 common to each pixel is formed so as to cover each spacer. In addition, a conductive layer 23 that is electrically connected to the common electrode 22 that covers the third spacer 10A is formed on the surface of the TFT substrate 1A that contacts the third spacer 10A among the spacers. The conductive layer 23 extends beyond the sealing material 20 on the TFT substrate 1A, and is connected to a terminal for supplying a reference signal to the common electrode 22. Therefore, the TFT substrate 1
When a reference signal is supplied to the terminal on A, the reference signal is supplied to the common electrode 4A on the filter substrate 1B side via the third spacer 10A. The liquid crystal display device configured as described above has an effect that there is no need to particularly provide a conductive means for leading the common electrode 4A to the surface of the TFT substrate 1A. It is needless to say that this embodiment may be applied to the configuration of the vertical electric field type liquid crystal display device among the above-described embodiments.

Embodiment 18 In each of the embodiments described above, T
The case where the spacer is fixed to the FT substrate side or the case where the spacer is fixed to the filter substrate side has been described. However, when it is necessary to particularly prevent the characteristic deterioration of the thin film transistor, it is preferable to fix the spacer on the filter substrate side. When fixing the spacer on the TFT substrate side, an increase in the number of selective etching steps by photolithography technology for forming the spacer is caused,
This is because a thin film transistor is deteriorated by a chemical used for the same. When it is necessary to dispose the spacer with respect to the TFT substrate with high precision, it is preferable to fix the spacer on the TFT substrate side. When the spacer is fixed to the filter substrate side, when the filter substrate is arranged to face the TFT substrate, misalignment may occur, and the spacer may not be arranged with high accuracy in position relative to the TFT substrate. Because.

[Embodiment 19] FIG.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing details of a spacer 10 fixedly formed on a side B. A black matrix BM and a color filter 7 are formed on the liquid crystal side surface of the filter substrate 1B, and a flat film 8 made of a thermosetting resin film is formed on the upper surface thereof to flatten the surface. A spacer 10 is formed at a predetermined position on the flat film 8, and the spacer 10 is formed of a photocurable resin film. By forming the spacer 10 with a photocurable resin film, it is not necessary to perform the step of selective etching, so that the number of manufacturing steps can be reduced. It is needless to say that this embodiment may be applied to the configuration of each embodiment described above. Further, the present invention is not necessarily limited to the filter substrate 1B side, and can be applied to the case where the filter substrate 1B is formed.

[Embodiment 20] FIG. 28 (a) shows a black matrix B defining an outline of each pixel in the display section.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a spacer 10 arranged so as to overlap M. The spacers 10 arranged in this manner are arranged uniformly throughout the display unit, but one spacer 10 is arranged for substantially the same number of pixels adjacent to each other. Spacer 1 in display section
The number of zeros is reduced, and accordingly, the alignment disorder caused by the spacer is reduced. As a result, there is an effect that the contrast due to light leakage (particularly in the case of black display) can be prevented.

[Embodiment 21] FIG. 28B shows Embodiment 1.
Similarly to the second embodiment, the number of the spacers 10 in the indicated portion is reduced, and the arrangement is not uniform, but random (no uniformity).
As a characteristic of human vision, when a light leakage portion occurs in a repetitive pattern, it can be easily recognized. Therefore, the inconvenience is solved by disposing the spacers without uniformity.

Embodiment 22 FIG. 29 is an explanatory view showing another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, and corresponds to FIG. 1 (a) and the like. In FIG.
An adhesive 30 is interposed at a contact portion of the spacer 10 between the transparent substrate on which the “0” is fixed and another transparent substrate facing the transparent substrate. The contact portion of the spacer 10 is a contact portion between the alignment films, and since these are made of the same material, there is a disadvantage that the fixing force is weak. Therefore, for example, S
By using the i-coupling agent, it is possible to ensure the reliability of maintaining the gap between the transparent substrates.

Next, one embodiment of a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device having such a configuration will be described with reference to FIG. Step 1. A spacer 10 is formed on one of the substrates, and a substrate on which an alignment film is formed so as to cover the spacer 10 is prepared (FIG. 1A). Step 2. The substrate is brought close to the container filled with the adhesive, and the surface of the adhesive 30 is brought into contact with the top of the spacer 10 (FIG. 2B). Step 3. Thereby, the adhesive 30 is applied to the top of the spacer 10.
Is applied (FIG. 3C). Step 4. The substrate is arranged so as to face another substrate (FIG. 4D). Step 5. By applying heat treatment, the adhesive 30 is cured. As a result, the spacer 10 is fixed to each of the substrates (FIG. 7E).

Another embodiment of the method of manufacturing the liquid crystal display device having the above-described configuration will be described with reference to FIG. Step 1. A spacer 10 is formed on one of the substrates, and a substrate on which an alignment film is formed so as to cover the spacer 10 is prepared (FIG. 1A). Step 2. An apparatus provided with a roller 31 in a container filled with the adhesive 30 is prepared, and the adhesive adhered to the surface of the roller 31 is applied to the top of the spacer by the rotation of the roller 31 (FIG. 2B). Step 3. Thereby, the adhesive 30 is applied to the top of the spacer 10.
Is applied (FIG. 3C). Step 4. The substrate is arranged so as to face another substrate (FIG. 4D). Step 5. By applying heat treatment, the adhesive 30 is cured. As a result, the spacer 10 is fixed to each of the substrates (FIG. 7E). It is needless to say that this embodiment may be applied to the configuration of the liquid crystal display device of each embodiment described above.

Embodiment 23 FIG. 32 is an explanatory view showing another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. The figure shows
On the other substrate side facing the substrate to which the spacer 10 is fixed, there is provided a recess 40 into which the top of the spacer is fitted. The recess 40 is formed, for example, on the TFT substrate 1.
It is formed on the protective film PAS on the side of A, and has a so-called reverse tapered shape having a large area on the bottom surface side with respect to the surface. In such a configuration, the spacer 10
Is arranged with its top biting into the recess 40,
This is the same as the state of being bonded to the FT substrate 1A.

FIG. 33 shows another embodiment having the same effect. In this embodiment, means having the same function as the recess 40 is formed by a groove between a pair of signal lines (wirings) 42. Things. In this case, the opposing sides of each signal line are inversely tapered. In this embodiment, the top of the spacer 10 is formed so as to bite into the recess. However, the configuration is not necessarily limited to such a configuration. May be configured to be fitted. In such a case, the movement of each substrate cannot be restricted in the direction in which the substrates are separated from each other (although this function is performed by the sealing material), but the movement of each substrate in the horizontal direction can be restricted. is there. Also, in this case,
The spacer 10 and the concave portion can be used as positioning means when each substrate is arranged to face each other.

[0043]

As is apparent from the above description,
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to the liquid crystal display device by this invention, the thing in which air is not enclosed between a spacer and another board | substrate is obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating an embodiment of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, and is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a pixel thereof.

FIG. 2 is a view showing an alignment state of a main chain before rubbing of an alignment film used in a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a view showing an alignment state of a main chain after rubbing of an alignment film used in a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram illustrating another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, and is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a pixel thereof.

FIG. 5 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the pixel of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing inconvenience of signal lines crossing via an insulating film of the liquid crystal display device.

FIG. 7 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the pixel of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing inconvenience of a thin film transistor of a liquid crystal display device.

FIG. 9 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the pixel of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the pixel of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram illustrating another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, and is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a pixel thereof.

FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram illustrating another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, and is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a pixel thereof.

FIG. 13 is a configuration diagram illustrating another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, and is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a pixel thereof.

FIG. 14 is a configuration diagram illustrating another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, and is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a pixel thereof.

FIG. 15 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the pixel of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the pixel of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a configuration diagram illustrating another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, and is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a pixel thereof.

FIG. 18 is a configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, and is a diagram showing a configuration of a pixel thereof.

FIG. 19 is a plan view showing one embodiment of a spacer used in the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram showing the effect of the spacer used in the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a plan view showing one embodiment of a spacer of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a plan view showing a relationship between a spacer and a liquid crystal filling port of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of a spacer used in the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 24 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of a spacer used in the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 25 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 26 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the spacer of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 28 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 29 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the spacer of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

30 is a process chart showing one embodiment of a method of manufacturing the spacer shown in FIG. 29.

FIG. 31 is a process chart showing another embodiment of the method of manufacturing the spacer shown in FIG. 29;

FIG. 32 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the spacer of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 33 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the spacer of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

2 ... gate line, 3 ... drain line, 4 ... counter voltage signal line,
4A: counter electrode, 5: pixel electrode, 10: spacer.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Masahiro Ishii 3300 Hayano, Mobara-shi, Chiba Prefecture Within Hitachi, Ltd. Display Group (72) Inventor Masayuki Hikiba 3300, Hayano, Mobara-shi, Chiba Prefecture Within Hitachi, Ltd. Display Group F term (reference) 2H089 LA07 LA10 LA13 LA28 NA26 QA14 QA16 TA01 TA04 TA09

Claims (19)

[Claims] A spacer is provided on one substrate side and is in contact with the other substrate side, and means for removing air bubbles formed in a contact portion of the spacer is provided. Liquid crystal display device. 2. A projection formed on one side of each substrate with a liquid crystal interposed therebetween, wherein the projection is sealed between the top surface and the other substrate side in contact with the top surface. A liquid crystal display device comprising an air bleeder for bleeding air. 3. A spacer formed on one substrate side between each substrate, and a passage through which liquid crystal enters between a top surface of the spacer and the other substrate side in contact with the top surface is formed. A liquid crystal display device characterized in that: 4. A projection formed on one side of each substrate with a liquid crystal interposed therebetween, wherein air is sealed between the top surface and the other substrate side in contact with the top surface. A liquid crystal display device comprising: a concave portion to be stopped; and a passage for discharging air in the concave portion to the outside of the projection. 5. A liquid crystal display device comprising: a spacer formed on either side of each substrate with a liquid crystal interposed; and a notch extending to the side on a top surface of the spacer. 6. A protruding body formed on one substrate side between each of the substrates, and a surface of the protruding body abutting on the other substrate side is provided between a central portion excluding an outer peripheral portion and an outer peripheral portion. A liquid crystal display device having a depression extending to a part thereof. 7. A groove formed on one side of each substrate with a liquid crystal interposed therebetween, and a groove extending to the outside of the contact portion is formed in a portion of the other substrate contacting the spacer. A liquid crystal display device comprising: 8. A projection formed on one side of each substrate with a liquid crystal interposed therebetween, a recess provided at a portion of the projection abutting on the other substrate side, and a projection formed on the other substrate side. A dent that extends to the outside of the contact part,
A liquid crystal display device comprising: 9. A sealing material for sealing liquid crystal between the substrates, a spacer formed on one substrate side and abutting on the other substrate side, and air formed on the abutting portion of the spacer. A liquid crystal display device, comprising: means for bleeding air, and a side from which air is evacuated by the means is directed to a liquid crystal sealing opening provided in the sealing material. 10. A sealing material for sealing liquid crystal between substrates, and a projection formed on one of the substrates between the substrates, and a top surface of the projection and a top surface of the projection. And a passage through which liquid crystal enters between the substrate and the other substrate in contact with the substrate, wherein the passage is formed on a liquid crystal sealing opening provided in the sealing material. 11. A spacer formed on either side of a region surrounded by a sealing material of each substrate with a liquid crystal interposed therein, and a notch extending to the side is provided on a top surface of the spacer. The liquid crystal display device, wherein the notch faces toward a liquid crystal filling opening of the sealing material. 12. A projection formed on one side of each substrate with a liquid crystal interposed therein, and a groove extending to the outside of the contact portion at a portion of the other substrate contacting the projection. A liquid crystal display device, characterized in that the extending direction of the groove is on the side of a liquid crystal sealing opening of a sealing material formed around the projection. 13. A liquid crystal display device comprising a spacer formed on either side of each substrate, wherein the spacer is constituted by a plurality of divided spacer pieces at least on the top surface side. 14. A liquid crystal display device comprising: a plurality of projections formed on one of the substrates; each projection comprising a group of divided projections. 15. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the spacer or the projection is made of a photocurable resin. 16. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein one spacer or protrusion is arranged for the same number of pixels adjacent to each other. 17. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein spacers or protrusions are arranged non-uniformly on a display portion which is a set of pixels. 18. An adhesive is interposed between an alignment film on one substrate and an alignment film on the other substrate, which is formed by covering a spacer or a projection. Item 15. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of Items 1 to 14. 19. A concave portion for fitting the spacer or the projection to the spacer or the projection fixed to one substrate is formed on the other substrate side. 3. The liquid crystal display device according to 1.