JP2000271675A - Method for joining two members - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a joining method capable of securing tight contact of a joined face and sufficient joining strength when a first member having a through notch or a hole in the plate thickness direction and a second member to be inserted into the hole are joined. SOLUTION: The side wall face of a hole 11 of the first member 10 is formed as a projecting or recessed joining face 12, a second member 20 inserted into the first member is deformed by pressing/caulking, the second member is fitted into the joining face 12 of the first member 10, and the clearance remaining in a fit part 40 is brought into tight contact by brazing or pressing/caulking the neighborhood of the hole 11 of the first member 10. Further, a third member is interposed between the first member 10 and the second member 20, the third member is deformed by pressing/caulking and subsequently the clearance in the fitted part is brought into tight contact by brazing, diffusion joining or caulking the first member 10.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a method for joining two members, and more particularly, to a method for joining a plate-shaped member and a member inserted through the plate-shaped member.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art There are many types of components constituting various devices which are integrally formed by joining two or more members. As a method for joining these components, for example, in the case of joining metal material members, a method called welding is widely used because the strength of the joining portion can be kept high.

[0003] However, there are cases where joining by welding is difficult, for example, when the material is not a metal material or when a metal material is a dissimilar material. In addition, since welding is performed by first melting and then solidifying a joint, distortion or the like after joining due to residual stress occurs, which may adversely affect the joined parts.

[0004] Brazing (brazing) and caulking are generally used as joining methods when welding is difficult. For example, a case where a rod-shaped member (see FIG. 32 (b)) is inserted into and joined to a plate-like member having a through-hole (see FIG. 32 (a)) (see FIG. 32 (c)). Explaining that, when performing brazing, a brazing material that has been heated and melted is poured into a gap existing between joining surfaces, and the brazing material is solidified and joined (see FIG. 33). Therefore, the joining surfaces are closely or metallically joined, and the members are joined without rattling. However, such brazing may not be able to exert sufficient bonding strength against a force applied to the bar-shaped member in the thickness direction (the direction of the arrow in FIG. 33) of the plate-shaped member.

[0005] When the joining method by caulking is adopted, for example, the wall surface of the through hole of the plate member is formed in a convex shape,
(See FIG. 34 (a)), pressure is applied so as to pinch the rod-shaped member inserted into the through-hole, and the rod-shaped member is plastically deformed and fitted to the wall surface of the through-hole (FIG. 34 (a)). b)). Joining by such caulking does not require high heat enough to be melted, has the merit that it can be joined quickly, and is an effective joining method. However, in such one-step caulking, the joining surfaces cannot be sufficiently brought into close contact with each other, and play is likely to occur between the two members, especially when a repeated load is applied.
The bonding strength was insufficient. In this case, the rod-shaped member to be deformed can be heated and softened to increase the adhesion of the joint surface, but it has been difficult to obtain a sufficiently adhered joint surface due to shrinkage of the member due to cooling or the like.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems. When two members are joined to each other, in particular, a plate member and a member penetrating the plate member are required. An object of the present invention is to provide a joining method that can secure the adhesion of a joining surface and the like and can obtain sufficient joining strength when joining the two members.

[0007]

One of the joining methods of the present invention is a plate-like first member having a notch or a hole penetrating in the thickness direction, and a first member inserted into the notch or the hole. A joining method of joining the second member and the second member, wherein at least a part of an intermediate portion in a thickness direction of a wall surface defining the notch or the hole of the first member is formed in a convex or concave shape. A first member joining surface forming step of forming a joining surface of the first member by inserting the second member into the notch or hole of the first member, and pressing and deforming the second member; A caulking step of fitting to the joint surface of the first member, and a brazing step of flowing a brazing material into a gap between the fitting portions of the first member and the second member to bring the fitting portions into close contact with each other. (Hereinafter, this method is referred to as “first joining method”).

That is, according to the present joining method, a convex portion or a concave portion is formed on the joining surface of a plate-like member serving as a base material, and the joining surface of another member is fitted to the joining surface of this plate-like member. After the caulking step is performed, brazing is performed so as to fill a gap remaining in the fitting portion formed by the two joining surfaces. By combining the caulking step and the brazing step in this way, the present bonding method becomes a bonding method in which the bonding surfaces are sufficiently adhered and sufficient bonding strength is obtained.

Another one of the joining methods of the two members of the present invention is a plate-like first member having a notch or a hole penetrating in the thickness direction, and a second member inserted into the notch or the hole. A joining method of a two member for joining a first member, wherein at least a part of an intermediate portion in a thickness direction of a wall surface defining the notch or hole of the first member is formed in a concave shape. A first member joining surface forming step of forming a surface; inserting the second member into the notch or hole of the first member; pressing and deforming the second member; A first caulking step for fitting the first member and the vicinity of the notch or the hole of the first member to deform a joint surface of the first member, and to fit the first member and the second member. And a second caulking step of bringing the joints into close contact with each other (hereinafter, this method is referred to as a “second bonding method”). Say).

In other words, the present joining method is based on the premise that the joining surface of the plate member is formed in a concave shape, and instead of the brazing step in the first joining method, the vicinity of the joining portion of the plate member is pressed and deformed. This is to add a second caulking step. Even in the case where a repeated load is applied, the gap between the joining surfaces remaining even in the first caulking step of pressing and caulking the inserted member is sufficiently adhered by the second caulking step. It becomes a joining method which can obtain sufficient joining strength. This joining method does not include a brazing step, so that the joining time can be greatly reduced.

Further, in the method for joining two members of the present invention,
An embodiment in which the first joining method and the second joining method are applied to join a plate-shaped member serving as a base material and a member to be inserted and joined via a third member between the two members. Can also be adopted.

One of the joining methods is as follows: a plate-shaped first member having a notch or a hole penetrating in a plate thickness direction, and a second member inserted into the notch or the hole, A joining method via a third member positioned between the first member and the second member, wherein a middle portion in a thickness direction of a wall surface defining the cutout or the hole of the first member is provided. Forming a joining surface of the first member by forming at least a part thereof in a convex shape or a concave shape, and forming a portion of the second member facing the joining surface of the first member, A second member joining surface shaping step of forming a joining surface of the second member by forming a convex or concave shape with respect to the joining surface of one member, and attaching the second member to the notch or hole of the first member. The third member is inserted through the third member, and the third member is deformed by pressurizing the joint surface of the first member and the second member. A caulking step of fitting to the joining surface of the material, and a brazing material flowing into a gap between the fitting portion between the first member and the third member and a gap between the fitting portion between the second member and the third member. And a brazing step of bringing the two fitting portions into close contact with each other (hereinafter, this method is referred to as a “third joining method”).

In this method, only the third member to be interposed is deformed, and both the plate-like member serving as the base material and the member to be inserted and joined are subjected to plastic deformation due to pressure. Even if the material does not cause any problem, the method can join both members. The joining method also has the following advantages when the member to be inserted and joined is, for example, a long rod-shaped member. When joining the rod-shaped members, in the first joining method and the second joining method, only the joining portion needs to be formed thicker than the other portions for pressurization in the caulking step. For this reason, a portion other than the joint portion must be made thin from a thick rod-shaped material by cutting means such as machining (see FIG. 11). In the present joining method, even if the member to be inserted and joined is a long rod-shaped member, the portion serving as the joining surface may be formed in a concave shape, and the yield of the material when the member to be inserted and joined is produced. Can be improved.

Another method of joining through the third member is a plate-like first member having a notch or hole penetrating in the thickness direction, and a first member inserted into the notch or hole. A second member to be joined via a third member positioned between the first member and the second member, wherein the notch or the hole of the first member is A first member joining surface forming step of forming at least a part of an intermediate portion in the thickness direction of the partitioned wall surface to form a joining surface of the first member, and a joining surface of the first member of the second member; Forming a portion facing the first member in a convex or concave shape with respect to the joining surface of the first member to form a joining surface of the second member, and the notch of the first member. Alternatively, the second member is inserted into the hole via the third member, and the third member is deformed by applying pressure to the first member. A first caulking step of fitting the joining surface of the material and the joining surface of the second member, and pressing the vicinity of the notch or hole of the first member to deform the joining surface of the first member; A second caulking step of bringing a fitting portion between the first member and the third member into close contact, and flowing a brazing material into a gap between the fitting portion between the second member and the third member; And a brazing step of bringing the portions into close contact with each other (hereinafter, this method is referred to as a “fourth joining method”).

In the present joining method, similarly to the second joining method described above, instead of brazing the plate-like member and the interposed member, a second part which presses and deforms the vicinity of the joint of the plate-like member is used.
The crimping step is added. According to the present joining method, similarly to the above third joining method, the present invention can be applied to joining where a member to be inserted and joined is a material having no plastic deformation, and also improves the material yield of the member. be able to. Furthermore, since the brazing process can be shortened, a more rapid joining process is realized.

Further, in the method for joining two members of the present invention,
When joining via the third member as in the third joining method and the fourth joining method, the joining between the second member to be inserted and the third member to be interposed is diffusion joining. Can also.

[0017] One of the joining methods employing diffusion joining includes a plate-like first member having a notch or a hole penetrating in the thickness direction, and a second member inserted into the notch or the hole. A joining method of two members joined via a third member positioned between the first member and the second member, wherein a thickness direction of a wall surface defining the notch or hole of the first member is provided. At least a part of the intermediate portion of the first portion is formed in a convex or concave shape,
A first member joining surface forming step of forming a joining surface of the member, and the second member being inserted into the notch or hole of the first member by the third member
Inserted through the member, pressurize and deform the third member,
The first member of the second member is fitted to the joining surface of the first member.
A caulking step of attaching to a portion facing the joining surface of the member, a diffusion joining step of heating the second member and the third member, and diffusing and joining an attached portion of the second member and the third member; A brazing step of causing a brazing material to flow into a gap between the fitting portions of the first member and the third member, and bringing the fitting portions into close contact with each other (hereinafter, this process is referred to as a brazing process). The method is referred to as “fifth joining method”).

That is, in the fifth joining method, the joining of the second member and the third member in the third joining method is performed by diffusion joining instead of brazing. Diffusion bonding is a bonding method in which atoms constituting each member diffuse by mutually diffusing at an interface between both members, and is an effective bonding method for bonding members made of the same kind of metal material. According to this diffusion bonding, even a slight gap (void) existing in the adhesion portion between the second member and the third member adhered in the caulking step disappears, that is, the interface of the members to be joined disappears. Excellent in strength. Therefore, the fifth
The joining method is particularly effective when the second member inserted into the first member and the third member interposed between the first member and the second member are made of the same type of metal material.

The yield of the second member is as excellent as the third and fourth joining methods.
This is particularly effective when the member has a long rod shape, or when the second member is an expensive material. Further, the fifth bonding method is different from the third bonding method and the fourth bonding method,
Since a step of shaping the joining surface of the second member into a special shape is not required, the joining method is also quick, simple, and at a reduced processing cost in this regard. Furthermore, as compared with the third joining method, the number of brazing points is small, and the cost can be reduced in that the amount of brazing material used can be reduced.

Another joining method employing diffusion joining is a plate-like first member having a notch or hole penetrating in the thickness direction, and a second member inserted into the notch or hole. Is a method of joining two members via a third member located between the first member and the second member,
At least a part of a middle portion in a thickness direction of a wall surface defining the notch or the hole of the first member is formed in a concave shape to form a first member.
A first member joining surface forming step of forming a joining surface of the member, and the second member being inserted into the notch or hole of the first member by the third member
Inserted through the member, pressurize and deform the third member,
The first member of the second member is fitted to the joining surface of the first member.
A first caulking step of adhering to a portion facing the joining surface of the member, and heating the second member and the third member,
A diffusion joining step of diffusing and joining an adhered portion between the member and the third member, and pressing the vicinity of the notch or the hole of the first member to deform a joint surface of the first member, And a second caulking step of bringing the fitting portion into close contact with the third member (hereinafter, this method is referred to as a “sixth joining method”).

The sixth joining method is a joining method in which the joining of the first member and the third member in the fifth joining method is carried out by caulking instead of brazing. This is a joining method in which the joining of the second member and the third member in the fourth joining method is performed by diffusion joining instead of brazing. In addition to the advantages of the diffusion bonding, the brazing material cost can be reduced by not performing brazing at all.

[0022]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the method for joining two members of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

<First Joining Method> The member to which the present joining method is applied is a plate-like first member having a notch or hole penetrating in the thickness direction, and a second member inserted into the notch or hole. And two members.

The shape of the first member is not particularly limited as long as it is a plate-shaped member, and may have any external shape such as a circular shape and a square shape. The portion into which the second member is inserted may be a hole penetrated in the center as shown in FIG. 1A, and the hole is not limited to a circular shape.
(B) As shown, a rectangular hole may be used, and the shape of the hole is not particularly limited. Further, for example, the inserted second member is the first member.
In a case where a force is applied only in the thickness direction of the member, the portion into which the second member is inserted may have a notch shape as shown in FIG. Good. About the shape of this 1st member, since it is the same also about the 2nd-6th joining method mentioned later as well as this joining method, it abbreviate | omits description of the following joining method.

The shape of the second member to which the present bonding method is applied may be any shape as long as it can be inserted into the notch or hole of the first member, and its length is the same as the thickness of the first member. The length may be about the same, or a long rod-shaped one exceeding the plate thickness of the first member may be used. In consideration of the joining strength, it is desirable that the portion of the second member to be the joining portion matches the shape of the notch or the hole of the first member, and that the joining portion be the entire periphery of the second member. However, when a desired bonding strength can be obtained, the bonding portion does not necessarily need to be a bonding portion over the entire circumference, and a shape is used in which two or more opposing plural portions of the outer circumference become the bonding portion. There may be. The joining portion may be any one that can be brought into contact with the notch or the wall surface of the hole by caulking, and in consideration of the joining strength, the workability in the caulking process, and the like, the first portion is the first portion. It is desirable that the gap existing between the members is as small as possible.

As described above, various combinations of the first member and the second member having various shapes are conceivable. Since it is difficult to explain all of these, in the following description of the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, a disk-shaped first member 10 having a circular hole 11 in the center, Hole 1
1, a large-diameter portion 21 serving as a joining portion, and a large-diameter portion 21
A description will be made focusing on a joining form with a stepped cylindrical rod-shaped second member 20 having a large-diameter portion 21 and a small-diameter portion 22 formed coaxially on both sides.

The material of the first member 10 to which the present joining method is applied is not limited to metals such as steel, aluminum, titanium, copper, brass, etc., but is also caulked by pressurizing the second member, and brazed to the second member. Various materials such as ceramic, glass, and hard resin may be used as long as they do not hinder the attachment. The material of the second member 10 may be any material as long as the large-diameter portion 21 serving as a joint is plastically deformed by compression.
The first member 10 may be of the same type as the first member 10.

In the first member joining surface forming step in the present joining method, the step of forming the notch or hole provided in the first member serving as the base material in the thickness direction of the wall portion defining the notch or hole in the plate thickness direction is performed. This is performed by forming the portion in a convex or concave shape. In the combination of the first member and the second member shown in FIG. 2, the joining surface of the first member may be formed by forming the side wall surface of the circular hole in a convex or concave shape over the entire circumference.

The joining surface in which the intermediate portion in the plate thickness direction is formed in a convex or concave shape can be of various shapes as shown in FIG. For example, FIGS. 3A and 3B
A shape having a convex portion 13 or a concave portion 14 which is defined by two straight lines in a cross section as shown in FIG.
(C) and (d), a shape having a convex portion 13 or a concave portion 14 defined by a curve in a cross section;
2 in the same cross section as shown in FIGS. 3 (e) and (f).
It has a shape having the above-mentioned convex portions or concave portions. However,
It is not always necessary to form the joint surface 12 having the same shape at all joints. Regarding the protrusion allowance or dent allowance of the convex portion 13 or the concave portion 14, the joining strength to be obtained, the material of the second member to be inserted, the first member 1
What is necessary is just to determine in consideration of workability of 0 comprehensively.

The shaping of the joint surface 12, that is, the method of forming the convex portion 13 or the concave portion 14 is not particularly limited.
After the notch or hole 11 is formed in the first member 10, the protrusion 13 or the recess 14 may be formed, or the protrusion 13 or the recess 1 may be formed simultaneously with the formation of the notch or the hole 11.
4 may be formed. For example, when the first member 10 is made of a metal material such as steel, the joint surface 12 can be formed by cutting using a processing device such as a drilling machine, a milling machine, and a lathe.

Next, the second member is inserted into a notch or a hole of the first member having the molded surface, and a caulking step is performed. FIG. 4 shows a state of the caulking step in the case of the combination of the first member and the second member shown in FIG. This embodiment is based on the first
The joint surface 12 which is the side wall surface of the hole 11 of the member 10 is formed in a convex shape. The second member 20 to be inserted is composed of a large-diameter portion 21 serving as a joining portion and a small-diameter portion 22 provided coaxially above and below the joining portion, and the pressure for caulking is applied to the flange surface 23 of the large-diameter portion. Is performed so as to crush the large diameter portion 21 in the vertical direction. In the case of the present embodiment, in order to prevent the deformation of the small-diameter portion 22, the inner diameter of the small-diameter portion 22 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the small-diameter portion 22.
Pressurization is performed by a pair of cylindrical pressing jigs 50. The method of pressurization is not particularly limited, and various methods such as pressing and hitting can be used.

The large diameter portion 21 of the second member 20 is
Are plastically deformed and fitted to the joint surface 12 of the first member 10, and the joint surface 12 of the first member 10 and the joint surface 24 of the second member 20 (the surface which was the cylindrical side surface of the large diameter portion 21) Constitute the fitting portion 40. However, a gap remains in the fitting portion 40 only by such a caulking process, and when a load is repeatedly applied to either the first member 10 or the second member 20, the two members are not separated from each other. It is also conceivable that rattling occurs.

When the large-diameter portion 21 of the member to be deformed by pressing, in the case of the present embodiment, the second member 20 is made of a material that softens when heated, for example, a metal material, the caulking step is as follows: It is desirable to heat the large diameter portion 21 of the second member. By softening the second member 20, the gap remaining in the fitting portion 40 is reduced, the rattling occurring in both members can be reduced, and the pressing force for caulking can be reduced. This is because the size of the caulking device itself can be reduced.

As the heating method, various methods such as a method in which the second member 20 is left in a heating furnace and a method in which the second member 20 is heated by applying an open flame can be adopted. Also, the second member 20
The second member may be heated independently before the first member is inserted into the first member 10, or may be heated after the second member is inserted. When the second member 20 is an electrically conductive material,
High-frequency induction heating can also be performed using a high-frequency coil. The high frequency induction heating has an advantage that heating can be performed quickly and uniformly. When the second member 20 is made of an electrically conductive material, it is preferable to apply a high voltage between a pair of pressing jigs 50 for applying pressure and perform resistance heating that generates heat by the current-carrying resistance. More desirable. According to this resistance heating, since heating and pressurization can be performed at the same time, a quicker and simpler caulking process is achieved.

After the caulking process is completed, the brazing material is caused to flow into the gap between the fitting portions 40, and the process proceeds to a brazing process for bringing the fitting portions 40 into close contact with each other. FIG. 5 shows the state after brazing. By the brazing process, the brazing material enters the gap of the fitting portion 40,
The fitting portion 40 between the first member 10 and the second member 20 is brought into close contact with each other, so that the joining strength is high and the joining of the two members without rattling against repeated loads is realized.

The brazing may be performed by a known method, for example, when the first member and the second member are steel, titanium or the like, silver brazing is performed, and the type of brazing material, the type of flux, Materials and conditions for brazing, such as a heating method, are appropriate according to the materials and sizes of the first member 10 and the second member 20 to be joined, the gap amount and the shape of the fitting portion 40, and the like. Should be selected. The first
When the member 10 is a ceramic material and the second member 20 is a metal material, a special pretreatment such as metalizing a Mo-based material is performed on the bonding surface 12 of the first member 10 made of ceramic. It is also conceivable to improve the joining property.

Also, in consideration of smooth inflow of the brazing material during brazing, a brazing material introduction portion is provided at a place of the fitting portion 40 where the brazing material of the first member 10 or the second member 20 flows. Forming is also a desirable embodiment. For example, FIG. 6 shows an embodiment in which a brazing material introduction portion is provided by chamfering 15 at the boundary between the plate surface of the first member 10 and the joining surface 24. Due to the presence of such a brazing material introduction part, the brazing step can be performed simply and reliably, and more uniform adhesion of the fitting part 40 is ensured.

<Second Joining Method> In the second joining method, the gap of the fitting portion remaining even by the crimping step of pressing the inserted second member is replaced with the brazing step of the first joining method. This is a method of performing a second crimping step of pressing and crushing the vicinity of the notch or hole of one member. By the second caulking step, a joining method in which the fitting in which the fitting portions are in close contact with each other can be performed.

In the second joining method, the first member serving as the base material is also plastically deformed by pressing the same. Therefore, the first member is made of, for example, a metal material such as steel, aluminum, titanium, or copper. In addition, it must be made of a plastically deformable material. Further, in the first member joining surface forming step in the second joining method, the first member is crushed by pressurization so that the gap of the fitting portion is brought into close contact with the first member, so that the notch of the first member or the side wall surface of the hole. Must be formed in a concave shape. More specifically, for example, it is necessary to form a concave portion having a shape as shown in FIGS. As a method of forming the joint surface by forming the concave wall surface, the same method as in the first joining method may be used.

Next, a first caulking step of pressing the second member inserted into the notch or hole of the first member is performed. FIG. 7 shows the first caulking step. The caulking may be performed by the same method as the first joining method. By this first caulking process,
The large-diameter portion 21 of the second member 20 is plastically deformed, and the cylindrical side surface of the large-diameter portion 21 is fitted to the joining surface 12 which is the side wall surface of the hole 11 of the first member 10 to form the joining surface 24. As in the case of the first joining method, the joining surface 12 of the first member 10 and the second member 20
At this time, the fitting portion 40 constituted by the joint surface 24 is not closely attached but has a gap. In the case where the second member is a member that is softened by heating, the second member 20 may be heated and caulked in the first caulking step, or the heating may be performed by resistance heating. These advantages are also the same as those of the first joining method.

Next, the notch or hole 1 of the first member 10
1 is subjected to a second caulking process in which the vicinity of 1 is pressurized to deform the joint surface 12 of the first member 10 to bring the fitting portion 40 into close contact. FIG. 8 shows the state of the second caulking step. Pressing jig 5
0 around the hole 11 of the first member 10
Is pressed so as to sandwich the fitting portion 40, so that the fitting portion 40 is brought into close contact. When the first member 10 is made of a material that is softened by heating, heating the first member 10 in the second caulking step causes the fitting portion 40 to be more closely adhered. That is, not only the deformability of the first member 10 is improved by softening, but also the hole 11 of the first member 10 contracts due to cooling after the heat caulking, and acts to tighten the second member 20. It is. Although various methods can be adopted for this heating method, the first member 1 is energized through the pressing jig 50.
According to the resistance heating in which the heat is generated by the current-carrying resistance of 0, the caulking and the heating can be performed at the same time.

As described above, when both the first member and the second member are made of a material that is plastically deformed by pressure, the second member
Unlike the first joining method, the joining method does not require brazing, and is a simple and quick joining method for two members.

<Third joining method> The third joining method is the same as the first joining method.
Unlike the joining method and the second joining method, a plate-shaped first member and a second member inserted into a notch or a hole of the first member are joined via a third member between joining surfaces of both members. Is what you do. The shapes of the first member, the second member, and the third member can be variously selected and combined, but here, for convenience, a disk provided with a circular hole 11 penetrating in the center as shown in FIG. -Shaped first member 10, cylindrical rod-shaped second member 20, and cylindrical member having an outer diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of hole 11 of first member 10 and having an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of second member 20. The description will focus on the embodiment of the combination with the third member 30. The same applies to the fourth to sixth joining methods thereafter.

In the present joining method, since the third member 30 is deformed by pressing, the third member must be made of a material having plastic deformation such as a metal material. On the other hand, since the first member 10 and the second member are not deformed under pressure, not only a metal material but also a material having no plastic deformation such as ceramic or glass may be used.

As in the case of the first joining method, the shaping step of the first member is performed in the middle of the wall of the first member, which defines the notch or hole, in the thickness direction of the portion to be joined. Is formed in a convex or concave shape. For the convex or concave shape, as in the case of the first joining method,
For example, various shapes as shown in FIG. 3 can be adopted. Also, the method of forming the protrusions or the recesses, the protrusion allowance, the recess allowance, and the like may follow the same concept as the first joining method.

In this joining method, the portion of the second member facing the joining surface of the first member is formed in a convex or concave shape with respect to the joining surface of the first member, and the joining surface of the second member is formed. Second
It also requires a member joining surface forming step. In the case of the embodiment of the combination shown in FIG. 9, the joining surface of the second member 20 may be formed into a cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG.
For example, as shown in FIGS. 10 (a) and (d),
A shape having a convex portion 25 or a concave portion 26 which is defined by two straight lines in a cross section, FIGS. 10B and 10E
A shape having a convex portion 25 or a concave portion 26 defined by a curve in the cross section as shown in FIG. 10A, two or more convex portions 25 or concave portions 26 in the same cross section as shown in FIGS. Shape. The method of forming the convex portion 25 or the concave portion 26 depends on the material of the second member 20 and the like.
Any method can be adopted.

For example, FIGS. 10 (d), (e),
When the joint surface of the second member 20 is formed by forming the concave portion 26 as shown in (f), there is also an advantage that the material yield of the second member is good. That is, when the first joining method and the second joining method are to be applied to a long rod-shaped second member, and when the second member is shaped into a predetermined shape by cutting or the like, for example, FIG. As shown in (a), the hatched portion must be cut off. On the other hand, in the second member of the present joining method, as shown in FIG. 11 (b), the joining surface may be formed so as to form a concave portion, the material to be cut is small, and the second member is not required. The material yield is good. Therefore, when the second member has a long rod shape and is made of an expensive material, the present joining method is a joining method excellent in cost.

Next, the second member is inserted together with the third member into the notch or hole of the first member having the joint surface formed thereon, and a caulking step is performed. The first member, the second member, and the third member shown in FIG.
FIG. 1 shows the state of the caulking process in the case of combination with a member.
2 (a) and (b). In this embodiment, the first
The joint surface 12 which is the side wall surface of the hole 11 of the member 10 is formed in a convex shape. The joining surface 24 of the inserted second member 20 is also formed in a convex shape. The caulking is performed by the pressing jig 50 so as to press only the third member 30. The method of pressing is not particularly limited, as in the case of the first joining method, and can be performed using various methods such as pressing and hitting.

By the pressing, the third member 30 is plastically deformed and fits on the joint surface 12 of the first member 10 and the joint surface 24 of the second member 20.
The fitting portion 40 is formed by the joint 24 and the joint surface 31 of the third member 30. As in the case of the first joining method, a gap remains in the fitting portion 40 only by such a caulking process, and there is a possibility that the first member 10 and the second member 20 may rattle. Leave.

When the third member 30 is made of a material that softens when heated, such as a metal material,
As in the case of the first joining method, the caulking step is desirably performed by heating the third member 30. By softening the third member 30, a gap remaining in the fitting portion 40 is reduced, rattling that may occur between both members can be reduced, and a pressing force for caulking can be reduced. This is because the size of the caulking device itself can be reduced. These effects by heating are the same as in the case of the first bonding method.

As in the case of the first joining method, various methods such as a method in which the third member 30 is left in a heating furnace, a method in which the third member 30 is heated by applying an open flame, and a high-frequency induction heating method are used. Can be adopted. Further, the third member 20 is moved to the first
The third member may be heated alone before being inserted into the member 10, or may be heated after insertion. When the third member 30 is made of a material having electrical conductivity, it is desirable to perform resistance heating in which heat is generated by a current-carrying resistance. According to this resistance heating, since heating and pressurization can be performed at the same time, a quicker and simpler caulking process is achieved. The effect of this resistance heating is the same as in the case of the first bonding method.

After the caulking process is completed, the fitting portion 40 between the first member 10 and the third member 30 and the second member 20 and the third member 3
Then, the brazing material is caused to flow into the gap between the fitting portion 40 and the brazing step, and the fitting portion 40 is brought into close contact with the brazing step. The state after brazing is shown in FIG. By the brazing process, the brazing material 41 enters the gap between the fitting portions 40, and the two fitting portions 40 are brought into close contact with each other.
Joining of the two members without play between the member and the second member is realized. When the second member and the third member are sufficiently adhered to each other due to the heat shrinkage caused by heating and deforming the third member, the brazing of the second member 20 and the third member 30 is not necessary.

The brazing may be performed by a known method as in the case of the first joining method. The brazing material and conditions, such as the type of brazing material, the type of flux, and the heating method, are the same as those in the first joining method. Member 10, second member 20, third member 30
An appropriate material may be selected according to the material, size, gap amount and shape of the fitting portion 40, and the like. Further, in order to smoothly flow the brazing material during brazing, the fitting portion 4
It is also desirable to provide a brazing material introduction portion at the brazing material inflow point of the first member 10 or the second member 20. This is also the same as in the first joining method.

<Fourth joining method> This joining method is the same as the third joining method.
As a means for bringing the fitting portion between the first member and the third member into close contact in the joining method of the above, instead of brazing, a means by caulking which presses near the notch or hole of the first member is employed. It is. That is, the present bonding method is a method in which the third bonding method and the second bonding method are mixed.

Therefore, the first bonding method to which the present bonding method can be applied.
The member needs to be made of a plastically deformable material such as a metal material. In the first member joining surface forming step in the present joining method, the first member joining surface forming step is performed in the same manner as in the second joining method.
Since the gap between the fitting portions between the member and the third member is crushed and pressed by pressing the first member, it is necessary to form the notch or the side wall surface of the hole in the first member in a concave shape. For example, it is necessary to form a concave portion having a shape as shown in FIGS. The shaping of the joining surface of the second member may be performed in the same manner as in the case of the third joining method.

The first member and the second member having the joint surfaces formed thereon are first subjected to a first caulking step via a third member therebetween. The first member, the second member, and the third member shown in FIG.
FIG. 13 shows a state of the first caulking step in the case of a combination with a member. In this embodiment, the joining surface 12 which is the side wall surface of the hole 11 of the first member 10 and the second
The joining surface 24 of the member 20 is formed in a concave shape. The caulking may be performed by a method similar to the third bonding method. In addition, caulking by heating the third member 30 and the method of heating follow the third bonding method.

In the first caulking step, the third member 30
Are plastically deformed and fitted to the joint surface 12 of the first member 10 and the joint surface 24 of the second member 20, and each of the joint surfaces 12, 24 and the joint surface 31 of the third member 30 form a fitting portion. 40. As in the case of the third joining method, a gap remains in the fitting portion 40 only by such a caulking step.

Next, in order to bring the gap of the fitting portion into close contact, it is subjected to a second caulking step. FIG. 14 shows the state of the second caulking step. In the second caulking step, pressure is applied so as to sandwich the vicinity of the hole 11 of the first member 10 in the plate thickness direction, thereby deforming the joint surface 12 of the first member 10 and connecting the first member and the third member. The fitting part 40 is brought into close contact. Pressing is performed by the pressing jig 50 around the hole 11 of the first member 10.
This is performed so as to sandwich the member 10. When the first member 10 is made of a material softened by heating, the first member 10 is heated in the second caulking step.
The effect of performing the heating by resistance heating is common to the case of the second bonding method.

After the caulking process is completed, the brazing material is caused to flow into the gap between the fitting portions 40 between the second member 20 and the third member 30 and the process proceeds to a brazing process for bringing the fitting portions 40 into close contact. FIG. 15 shows the state after brazing. By the brazing process, the brazing material enters the gap between the fitting portions 40, and the second member 20 and the third member
The fitting portion 40 with the member 30 is in a state of being in close contact. Regarding the brazing method, the first bonding method and the third
As in the case of the joining method, a known method may be adopted. As in the case of the third joining method, when the second member and the third member are brought into close contact with each other by heat shrinkage caused by heating and deforming the third member, the second member 20 and the third member 3
No brazing to zero is required.

In this joining method, the fitting portions are brought into close contact with each other in the two steps of the second caulking step and the brazing step.
The joining strength between the first member and the second member is high without any play between the first member and the second member. Note that any of the second caulking step and the brazing step may be performed first. The present joining method is a method capable of joining two members in a shorter time than the third joining method because there are few places to be brazed.

<Fifth joining method> The fifth joining method is the same as the third joining method.
Similar to the joining method, the joining method is performed via the third member. However, unlike the third joining method, the joining between the second member and the third member is performed by diffusion joining instead of brazing. . Therefore, the third member is required to be plastically deformable and to be made of a material that can be diffusion-bonded to the second member, for example, a material of the same type. The first member is
A material without plastic deformation may be used.

As in the case of the first joining method and the third joining method, the shaping step of the first member is a plate of a portion serving as a joining portion among the wall surfaces defining the cutouts or holes provided in the first member. This is performed by forming the intermediate portion in the thickness direction into a convex shape or a concave shape. As for the convex or concave shape, for example, various shapes as shown in FIG. 3 can be adopted as in the case of the first joining method and the third joining method. Also,
The method of forming the protrusions or the recesses, the allowance for protrusion or the allowance for dents, and the like may be in accordance with the same concept as the first and third joining methods.

In the present joining method, unlike the third joining method, it is particularly necessary to form a portion of the second member facing the joining surface of the first member, that is, to mold the joining surface of the second member. And not. When the joining surface of the second member is not modeled, the man-hour for joining the two members can be reduced by the amount that the modeling step can be omitted. In addition, the present joining method can improve the yield of the material of the second member as in the third joining method and the fourth joining method, and the second member is made of a long rod-shaped material and is made of an expensive material. In this case, the present joining method is an excellent joining method in terms of material cost. The second
In order to increase the joint surface between the member and the third member, the joint surface of the second member may be shaped into, for example, a cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG.

Next, the second member is inserted together with the third member into the notch or hole of the first member having the joint surface formed thereon, and a caulking step is performed. The state of the caulking step is shown in FIG.
In this embodiment, the joint surface 12 which is the side wall surface of the hole 11 of the first member 10 is formed in a convex shape, and the second
The joint surface 24 of the member 20 (the portion facing the joint surface 12 of the first member) is not formed and remains as a cylindrical surface of the round bar. The caulking is performed by the pressing jig 50 so as to press only the third member 30. The method of pressurization is not particularly limited, as in the case of the third bonding method and the like, and can be performed using various methods such as pressing and hitting.

The third member 30 is plastically deformed by the pressurization, and is fitted to the joint surface 12 of the first member 10 and adheres to the joint surface 24 of the second member 20 at the same time. Then, the joining surface 12 of the first member 10 and the joining surface 31 of the third member 30
Constitute the fitting portion 40, and the joint surface 24 of the second member and the third
The attachment portion 45 is constituted by the joining surface 32 of the member. As in the case of the third joining method, a gap remains in the fitting portion 40 only by such a caulking step,
The first member 10 and the second member 20 leave the possibility of rattling. Also, the attachment portion 45 has some gaps and is not formed in a concave or convex shape, so that when a large force is applied to the second member 20 in the longitudinal direction, the second member 20 Are in a state where a positional shift occurs (a state in which they are removed from the third member).

When the third member 30 is made of a material that softens when heated, such as a metal material,
As in the case of the third joining method, the caulking step is desirably performed by heating the third member 30. By softening the third member 30, a gap remaining in the fitting portion 40 and a small gap remaining in the attachment portion 45 can be reduced, and a pressing force for caulking can be reduced, thereby caulking. This is because downsizing of the device itself can be achieved. These effects by heating are the same as the effects described in the first bonding method. The method of heating may be in accordance with the method described in the first joining method, and the same applies to the case where it is desirable to use resistance heating.

When the caulking step is performed by heating the third member 30, the diameter of the third member 30 is generally reduced by heat shrinkage after the caulking step. Therefore, the gap between the fitting surface 40 of the first member 10 and the third member 30 tends to be larger, and the rattling becomes larger. Conversely, the second
The adhesion portion 45 between the member 20 and the third member 30 tries to adhere to each other, but the gap does not completely disappear. 20 can be easily removed from the third member 30.

In this bonding method, after the caulking step is completed, the second
A diffusion bonding step of diffusing and bonding the adhesion portion 45 between the member 20 and the third member 30 is performed. FIG. 17 shows the state after the diffusion bonding step.
Shown in Diffusion bonding can be performed by heating the adhering portion 45.
In the above, the material forming the second member 20 and the third member 30 utilizes a phenomenon in which they are mutually diffused at an atomic level to a partner member in a solid state, and the interface between the two members disappears, It enables a strong joint as if it were one member.

The method of diffusion bonding is not particularly limited, and is a method capable of heating the second member 20 and the third member 30, and may be a commonly known method. For example, the first to third members integrated after the completion of the caulking step may be heated in a heating furnace at a temperature lower than the melting point of each member in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. The state where the diffusion bonding is completed is a state very close to the state where the caulking step is completed in the first bonding method.

After the completion of the diffusion bonding step, the first member 10 and the third
The brazing material is caused to flow into the gap between the fitting portion 40 and the member 30, and the process proceeds to a brazing step of bringing the fitting portion 40 into close contact. FIG. 18 shows the state after brazing. By the brazing process, the brazing material 41 enters the gap between the fitting portions 40, and the fitting portions 40 are brought into close contact with each other, the joining strength is large, and there is no play between the first member and the second member. The joining of the members is realized.

The brazing may be performed by a known method as in the case of the first joining method. The brazing material and conditions, such as the type of brazing material, the type of flux, and the heating method, are the same as those in the first joining method. Member 10, second member 20, third member 30
An appropriate material may be selected according to the material, size, gap amount and shape of the fitting portion 40, and the like. Further, in order to smoothly flow the brazing material during brazing, the fitting portion 4
It is also desirable to take into consideration such as providing a brazing material introduction part at the brazing material inflow point of the first member 10 of No. 0. This is also the same as in the first joining method.

In the present bonding method, the diffusion bonding step and the brazing step may be performed simultaneously, that is, performed in one step. For example, when performing the diffusion bonding process in a heating furnace, a brazing material is set in advance at the brazing material inflow point of the fitting portion 40 of the first member 10 and the third member 30, and during the heating for performing the diffusion bonding. The brazing material may be melted and flow into the fitting portion 40. When the diffusion bonding step and the brazing step are performed at the same time, the time required for the brazing step can be reduced, and a more rapid and lower-cost joining method for two members can be achieved.

<Sixth Joining Method> This joining method uses the above-described fifth joining method as means for bringing the fitting portion between the first member and the third member into close contact.
Instead of brazing in the joining method, a crimping means is used in which the vicinity of the notch or hole of the first member is pressed. That is, the present bonding method is a method in which the fifth bonding method and the second bonding method are mixed. In other words, the bonding between the second member and the third member in the fourth bonding method is replaced with diffusion bonding.

Therefore, the first bonding method to which the present bonding method can be applied.
The member needs to be made of a plastically deformable material such as a metal material. In the first member joining surface shaping step in the present joining method, the gap between the fitting portions between the first member and the third member is formed by pressing the first member in the same manner as in the second joining method and the fourth joining method. Since the first member is crushed and brought into close contact with each other, it is necessary to form the notch or the side wall surface of the hole in the first member in a concave shape.
It is necessary to form a concave portion having a shape as shown in (b) and (d). The shaping of the joining surface of the first member may follow the same concept and method as the second joining method and the fourth joining method. In addition, the molding of the joining surface of the second member is not particularly required,
This is the same as the case of the fifth bonding method.

Next, the second member is inserted together with the third member into the notch or hole of the first member having the joint surface formed thereon, and the first caulking process is performed. FIG. 19 shows the state of the first caulking step. The caulking method and the like may be the same as in the case of the fifth bonding method. Due to the pressurization, the third member 30 is plastically deformed and fitted to the joint surface 12 of the first member 10 which is formed in a concave shape as shown in FIG. It will adhere to the surface 24. The joint surface 12 of the first member 10 and the joint surface 31 of the third member 30 form a fitting portion 40, and the joint surface 24 of the second member and the joint surface 32 of the third member form an attachment portion 45. Will be done. That is, the state in which the first caulking step has been completed is the same as the state in which the caulking step in the fifth bonding method has been completed,
It is in the same state. When the third member 30 is made of a material that softens when heated, the first caulking step is desirably performed by heating the third member 30, and the heating is performed by resistance heating. Is also the same as in the fifth bonding method.

After the first caulking process is completed, a diffusion bonding process for diffusing and bonding the adhered portion 45 between the second member 20 and the third member 30 is performed. FIG. 20 shows the state after the diffusion bonding step. The method of diffusion bonding is not particularly limited.
As with the joining method, a generally-known method may be employed. The state where diffusion bonding is completed is very close to the state where the first caulking step is completed in the second bonding method, and the second member and the third member are firmly bonded by diffusion bonding. ing.

Next, the fitting portion 4 between the first member and the third member 4
It is subjected to a second caulking step in order to bring the zero gap into close contact. FIG. 21 shows the state of the second caulking step. Second
In the caulking step, pressure is applied so as to pinch the vicinity of the hole 11 of the first member 10 in the thickness direction, thereby deforming the joint surface 12 of the first member 10 to fit the first member and the third member. Part 40
To adhere. Pressing is performed by the pressing jig 50 so as to sandwich the first member 10 around the hole 11 of the first member 10. When the first member 10 is made of a material that is softened by heating, the effect of heating the first member 10 in the second caulking step and the effect of performing the heating by resistance heating are as follows. This is the same as the method.

Since the present joining method does not require brazing, it is a quicker joining method for two members. Further, the fact that no brazing material is required is a joining method that has a particularly large cost reduction effect when joining two members made of a material that requires the use of an expensive brazing material.

[0079]

EXAMPLE Based on the above embodiment, the first member made of steel and the second member made of titanium alloy were joined by a first joining method and a second joining method.
It carried out by the joining method and the 5th joining method, and evaluated the joining part. Hereinafter, these will be described as examples.

<Embodiment 1> In this embodiment, an Fe-Al-Si alloy is used for the material of the first member, and T-alloy is used for the material of the second member.
An i-Al-V alloy was used. The first member has a shape as shown in FIG. 2 and is a disk having a thickness of 6 mm and a diameter of 36 mmφ.
A circular through hole 11 having a diameter of 10.6 mmφ is provided at the center. The second member also has the shape shown in FIG.
The diameter of the large diameter portion 21 is 10.5 mmφ, and the diameter of the small diameter portion is 6
mmφ, the length of the large diameter portion was 10 mm.

First, the side wall surface of the hole 11 of the first member 10 is
Cutting was performed with a milling machine to form a projection 13 as shown in FIG. Convex part 13
Is a bonding surface that is located exactly at the middle of the plate thickness and forms an angle of 25 ° with the center line of the hole (a line perpendicular to the plate surface). In addition, a chamfered portion was formed at a boundary between the joining surface and the plate surface to a depth of 1 mm from the plate surface so that the brazing material could easily flow in the subsequent brazing.

Next, the second member 20 is inserted into the hole 1 of the first member 10.
4, and pressed against the flange member 23 of the large-diameter portion 21 of the second member 20 in a vertical direction as shown in FIG. Each pressing jig 5
A voltage is applied between 0 and the second member 20 is energized, and the large-diameter portion 21 of the second member 20 is resistance-heated by energizing. The pressing jig 50
Then, the large-diameter portion 21 of the second member 20 was deformed, and its cylindrical side face was fitted to the formed joint surface 12 of the first member, thereby completing the caulking step.

Next, as shown in FIG. 6, the fitting portion 40 is heated to 850 ° C. in a vacuum, and BAg-8a, which is a brazing material, is removed from the brazing material introduction portion 15 by a gap remaining in the fitting surface 40. And brazed. It was cooled to room temperature by nitrogen gas cooling, and the joining of the first member and the second member was completed.

The completed joint was cut and the state of joining was observed. FIG. 22 shows an enlarged photograph of the joined cross section. As is clear from this photograph, according to the first joining method,
The joint between the first member and the second member is completely adhered,
It was confirmed that a good bonding state was obtained.

In order to compare the bonding strength, a sample in which the bonding was completed only by the caulking step without brazing was also prepared. In addition, a sample joined only by brazing was also manufactured. In the case of only brazing, the first member was brazed without forming a convex portion on the side wall surface of the hole (FIG. 3).
3).

[0086] The bonding strength between the first bonding method and the above two samples was compared. First, in order to eliminate the influence of the extra part,
1.3 mm was cut from the surface of the member to form a flat plate having a thickness of 3.4 mm. Next, after fixing the first member, the center of the second member is urged in the thickness direction of the first member, and a test is performed to determine how much force the second member separates from the first member at the joint. , And strength. The test results are shown in FIG.
Shown in

FIG. 23 is a comparison of the case where only the brazing was performed and the force at the time of separation at the joint was 100%, and the case where only the caulking step was performed had a value of 127%. . On the other hand, according to the first bonding method, 1
The value is as high as 50%. From this result, in the case of the combination of the materials of the present embodiment, the bonding strength is higher when only crimping is performed than when only brazing is performed, and further, the gap between the fitting portions remaining when performing the caulking step is reduced. It can be confirmed that injecting the material and bringing the fitting portion into close contact with each other has a great effect on improving the joining strength.

<Embodiment 2> This embodiment relates to a second joining method. Also in this embodiment, an Fe—Al—Si alloy is used for the material of the first member, and T
An i-Al-V alloy was used. The first member has a shape as shown in FIG. 2 and is a disk having a thickness of 6 mm and a diameter of 36 mmφ.
A circular through-hole 11 having a diameter of 9.2 mm is provided at the center. The second member also has the shape shown in FIG. 2, and the diameter of the large diameter portion 21 is 8.4 mmφ, and the diameter of the small diameter portion is 6.2.
mmφ, the length of the large diameter portion was 10 mm.

First, the side wall surface of the hole 11 of the first member 10 is
Cutting was performed with a milling machine to form a concave portion 14 as shown in FIG. Recess 14
Is a bonding surface that is located at the middle of the plate thickness and forms an angle of 25 ° with the center line of the hole (a line perpendicular to the plate surface). Note that the recess allowance of the concave portion was 1 mm.

Next, the second member 20 is inserted into the hole 1 of the first member 10.
1 and the first caulking step was performed. As shown in FIG. 7, the flange member 23 of the large diameter portion 21 of the second member 20 was pressed in the vertical direction so as to be sandwiched by a pressing jig 50. A voltage is applied between the pressing jigs 50 to energize the second member 20, and the energization heats the large-diameter portion 21 of the second member 20 by resistance.
Simultaneously with the energization, pressure is applied by the pressing jig 50 to the second member 20.
The large-diameter portion 21 was deformed, and its cylindrical side face was fitted to the formed joint surface 12 of the first member, thereby completing the first caulking step. FIG. 24 shows an enlarged photograph of the cross section of the joint after the first caulking step. As can be seen from this photograph, the fitting portions 40 of both members are not completely adhered, and are in an incompletely joined state.

Then, the one after the first caulking step was completed was subjected to a second caulking step. The second caulking step is
The measurement was performed as shown in FIG. Similarly to the first caulking step, the first member 10 is energized to the pressing jig 50, and by applying the current, the vicinity of the joint of the first member 10 is resistance-heated. Simultaneously with the energization, pressure was applied by the pressing jig 50 to deform the bonding surface 12 of the first member 10 and make it adhere to the bonding surface 24 of the second member 24, thereby completing the second caulking step. FIG. 25 shows an enlarged photograph of the cross section of the joint after the second caulking step. As can be seen from this photograph, it was confirmed that the fitting portions 40 of both members were sufficiently adhered to each other and were in a good joined state.

Embodiment 3 This embodiment relates to a fifth joining method for joining a first member and a second member via a third member. In this embodiment, the material of the first member is Fe-
Using an Al-Si alloy, Ti-Al-
A V-alloy was used, and a Ti-Al-V alloy having the same composition as the material of the second member was used as the material of the third member. Each member has a shape as shown in FIG. More specifically,
The first member 10 is a disk having a thickness of 6 mm and a diameter of 36 mmφ, and a circular through hole 11 having a diameter of 9.6 mmφ is provided at the center. The second member 20 has a diameter of 6.2 mm.
The third member 30 has a cylindrical shape with an outer diameter of 9.5 mm, an inner diameter of 6.5 mm, and a length of 10 mm.

First, as in the case of the first embodiment, the first member 1
The side wall surface of the hole 11 is cut by a milling machine to form a projection 13 as shown in FIG.
2 was formed. The protruding portion 13 is located exactly in the middle of the plate thickness, and is 2 ° away from the center line of the hole (a line perpendicular to the plate surface).
The joining surface formed an angle of 5 °.

Next, the second member 20 is inserted into the hole 11 of the first member 10 via the third member 30 (the second member 20 is
16 and the third member 30 is inserted into the hole 11 of the first member 10 together with the third member 30). I hit it. A voltage is applied between the pressing jigs 50 and a current of 7 kA is applied to the third member 30. By applying the current, the third member was resistance-heated.
Simultaneously with the energization, a pressure of 10 kN is applied by the pressing jig 50 (actually, about 0.5 seconds from the start of the energization to the completion of the pressing).
The third member 30 is deformed, and the outer cylindrical surface thereof is
0, and at the same time, the inner surface of the cylinder is attached to the joining surface 24 of the second member, and the first member 10, the second member 20, and the third member 30 are integrated. The caulking process was completed.

Next, in order to allow the brazing material to flow into the fitting portion 40 between the first member 10 and the third member 30, the brazing material (BAg
-8a) was arranged above the fitting portion 40 (see FIG. 18). The integrated member where the brazing material is arranged is 10 ^-5 T
placed in a heating furnace in a non-oxidizing atmosphere depressurized to orr,
Heated at 850 ° C. for 0.5 hour. As a result, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 8, the brazing material 41 flows into the gap between the fitting portions 40 between the first member 10 and the third member 30 to complete the brazing, and as shown in FIG. Third member 30
Diffusion bonding was completed at the adhesion part 45 with.

In order to confirm the state of the diffusion bonded portion,
A cross section was observed. 26 and 27 show enlarged photographs of the cross section of the attachment portion before diffusion bonding. FIG. 26 shows a central portion (a portion located substantially at the center in the thickness direction of the first member), and FIG. 27 shows a lower portion (a portion located at the lower end in the thickness direction of the first member). 28 and 29 show enlarged photographs of the cross section of the adhered portion after diffusion bonding. Similarly, reference numeral 28 denotes a center portion, and FIG. 29 shows a lower portion. 26 to 29, the left side from the center is the second member 20 and the right side from the center is the third member.

As is clear from the photograph, the interface between the second member 20 and the third member 30 can be clearly confirmed in the attachment portion 45 before diffusion bonding, and some voids can be observed at the interface. . On the other hand, the diffusion-bonded attachment portion 45
Has no gap and the interface between both members has disappeared.
As can be seen from this, when diffusion bonding is performed, the second member 20 and the third member 30 are in a state like a single member. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the joining strength at that portion is extremely high.

A fatigue test was performed to confirm the bonding strength of the diffusion bonding portion. Fatigue tests were performed on the two specimens of the present example (fifth joining method) and the previous example 1 (first joining method).
And then compared. In the sample to be subjected to the fatigue test, each joint was cut from the surface of the first member by 1.3 mm, and the first member was cut into a flat plate having a thickness of 3.4 mm in order to eliminate the influence of the excess portion. Shape. FIG. 30 shows the conditions of the fatigue test (the shape of the jig for performing the fatigue test, the state of the test using the jig, and the test stress applied to the sample). A pulsating compressive stress having a stress ratio of 0.1 was applied to the sample at a frequency of 50 Hz.

FIG. 31 shows the relationship between the number of repeated stresses and the maximum shear stress at the joint as a result of the fatigue test.
As can be seen from this figure, even when the method according to the fifth joining method in which diffusion joining is performed via the third member is compared with the method according to the first joining method, the fatigue limit shows almost the same value. This confirms that the strength of the diffusion bonding portion between the second member and the third member in the fifth bonding method is extremely high and does not determine the strength of the entire bonding portion.

[0100]

According to the present invention, in a method of joining a plate-shaped member and a member inserted into a notch or a hole provided in the plate-shaped member, a fitting portion in which a gap remains only by a caulking step is provided. , Bonding or metallic bonding by brazing process, bonding by another caulking process, or
The bonding is performed by diffusion bonding. Therefore, by adopting the two-member joining method of the present invention having such a configuration, the two members are closely or metallically joined and integrated, and a joined portion excellent in joining strength can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an example of a plate-shaped first member to which the joining method of the present invention can be applied.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a combination of a first member and a second member to which the first joining method and the second joining method of the present invention can be applied.

FIG. 3 shows an example of a convex or concave shape that can be employed in forming a side wall surface of a notch or a hole of a first member.

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a caulking step in the first joining method of the present invention.

FIG. 5 shows a state after completion of a brazing step in the first joining method of the present invention.

FIG. 6 shows a state in which a chamfered portion serving as a brazing material introduction portion is provided in the first member.

FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of a first caulking step in the second joining method of the present invention.

FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of a second caulking step in the second joining method of the present invention.

FIG. 9 shows a third joining method, a fourth joining method, and a fifth joining method of the present invention.
An example of a combination of the first member, the second member, and the third member to which the joining method or the sixth joining method can be applied is shown.

FIG. 10 illustrates a process of forming a joint surface of the second member.
An example of a convex or concave shape that can be employed is shown.

FIG. 11 shows a comparison between the material yield of the second member in the first and second joining methods of the present invention and the material yield of the second member in the third and fourth joining methods.

FIG. 12 shows an embodiment of a caulking step and a brazing step in the third joining method of the present invention.

FIG. 13 shows an embodiment of a first caulking step in the fourth joining method of the present invention.

FIG. 14 shows an embodiment of a second caulking step in the fourth joining method of the present invention.

FIG. 15 shows a state after a brazing step is completed in a fourth joining method of the present invention.

FIG. 16 shows an embodiment of a caulking step in the fifth joining method of the present invention.

FIG. 17 shows a state after the completion of the diffusion bonding step in the fifth bonding method of the present invention.

FIG. 18 shows a state after the brazing step in the fifth bonding method of the present invention.

FIG. 19 shows an embodiment of a first caulking step in the sixth joining method of the present invention.

FIG. 20 shows a state after the completion of the diffusion bonding step in the sixth bonding method of the present invention.

FIG. 21 shows an embodiment of a second caulking step in the sixth bonding method of the present invention.

FIG. 22 shows an embodiment of the first joining method according to the present invention.
3 shows a cross-sectional photograph of the bonded part.

FIG. 23 shows a comparison between the bonding strength obtained by the first bonding method of the present invention and the bonding strength obtained by only the caulking step and the brazing step only.

FIG. 24 shows an embodiment of the second joining method of the present invention.
7 shows a cross-sectional photograph of the joint after completion of the first caulking step.

FIG. 25 shows an embodiment of the second joining method according to the present invention;
7 shows a photograph of a cross section of a joint after completion of the second caulking step.

FIG. 26 shows an embodiment of the fifth joining method according to the present invention.
Attachment part (center part) of second member and third member before diffusion bonding
3 shows a cross-sectional photograph.

FIG. 27 shows an embodiment of the fifth joining method according to the present invention.
4 shows a cross-sectional photograph of an attachment portion (lower portion) of a second member and a third member before diffusion bonding.

FIG. 28 shows an embodiment of the fifth joining method according to the present invention.
Attachment part (center part) of second member and third member after diffusion bonding
3 shows a cross-sectional photograph.

FIG. 29 shows an embodiment of the fifth joining method according to the present invention;
7 shows a cross-sectional photograph of an attachment portion (lower portion) of the second member and the third member after diffusion bonding.

FIG. 30 shows conditions of a fatigue test performed on the joined samples in the first embodiment of the present invention and the fifth embodiment of the joining method.

FIG. 31 shows the results of a fatigue test, showing the relationship between the number of stress repetitions of the sample according to the fifth joining method and the sample according to the first joining method and the maximum shear stress at the joint.

FIG. 32 shows an example of a general joining to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 33 shows the concept of joining by brazing that has been performed conventionally.

FIG. 34 shows the concept of joining by caulking that has been performed conventionally.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10: first member 11: hole 12: joining surface 13: convex portion 14: concave portion 15: brazing material introduction portion 20: second member 21: large diameter portion 22: small diameter portion 23: flange surface 24: joining surface 30: first 3 members 31: joining surface 40: fitting part 41: brazing material 45: attachment part 50: pressing jig

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] December 20, 1999 (1999.12.
20)

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Drawing

[Correction target item name] FIG.

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

FIG.

[Procedure amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Drawing

[Correction target item name] FIG.

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

FIG. 24

[Procedure amendment 3]

[Document name to be amended] Drawing

[Correction target item name] Fig. 25

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

FIG. 25

[Procedure amendment 4]

[Document name to be amended] Drawing

[Correction target item name] FIG. 26

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

FIG. 26

[Procedure amendment 5]

[Document name to be amended] Drawing

[Correction target item name] FIG. 27

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

FIG. 27

[Procedure amendment 6]

[Document name to be amended] Drawing

[Correction target item name] FIG. 28

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

FIG. 28

[Procedure amendment 7]

[Document name to be amended] Drawing

[Correction target item name] FIG. 29

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

FIG. 29

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A joining method for a two-member, comprising joining a plate-shaped first member having a notch or hole penetrating in a thickness direction and a second member inserted into the notch or hole, A first member joining surface forming step of forming a joining surface of the first member by forming at least a part of an intermediate portion in a plate thickness direction of a wall surface defining the notch or hole of the first member in a convex or concave shape; A caulking step of inserting the second member into the notch or hole of the first member, deforming the second member by pressing, and fitting the second member to the joining surface of the first member; A brazing step of causing a brazing material to flow into a gap between the fitting portion of the member and the second member and bringing the fitting portion into close contact with each other. 2. A method of joining two members, comprising joining a plate-shaped first member having a notch or hole penetrating in a plate thickness direction and a second member inserted into the notch or hole, At least a part of a middle portion in a thickness direction of a wall surface defining the notch or the hole of the first member is formed in a concave shape to form a first member.
A first member joining surface shaping step of forming a joining surface of the member; inserting the second member into the notch or hole of the first member; pressing and deforming the second member; A first caulking step of fitting to the joining surface of the first member, and pressurizing the vicinity of the notch or the hole of the first member,
A second caulking step of deforming a joining surface of the members and bringing a fitting portion between the first member and the second member into close contact with each other. 3. A plate-like first member having a notch or a hole penetrating in a plate thickness direction, and a second member inserted into the notch or the hole, the first member and the second member being connected to each other. A joining method of two members joined via a third member positioned between the first member and the second member, wherein at least a part of an intermediate portion in a thickness direction of a wall surface defining the notch or the hole of the first member is convex. Or a first member joint surface forming step of forming a joint surface of the first member by forming a concave shape, and a portion of the second member facing the joint surface of the first member,
A second member joining surface forming step of forming a joining surface of the second member by forming a convex or concave shape with respect to the joining surface of the first member; and forming the second member in the notch or hole of the first member. The third member
Inserted through the member, pressurize and deform the third member,
A caulking step of fitting to the joining surface of the first member and the joining surface of the second member; a gap between a fitting portion between the first member and the third member;
A brazing step of causing a brazing material to flow into a gap between the fitting portions of the member and the third member and bringing the two fitting portions into close contact with each other. 4. A plate-like first member having a notch or a hole penetrating in a plate thickness direction, and a second member inserted into the notch or the hole, the first member and the second member being connected to each other. A joining method of two members joined via a third member positioned between the first member and the second member, wherein at least a part of an intermediate portion in a thickness direction of a wall surface defining the notch or the hole of the first member is formed in a concave shape. Forming first
A first member joining surface forming step of forming a joining surface of the member, and a portion of the second member facing the joining surface of the first member,
A second member joining surface forming step of forming a joining surface of the second member by forming a convex or concave shape with respect to the joining surface of the first member; and forming the second member in the notch or hole of the first member. The third member
Inserted through the member, pressurize and deform the third member,
A first caulking step of fitting the joint surface of the first member and the joint surface of the second member, and pressing the vicinity of the notch or the hole of the first member,
A second caulking step of deforming a joining surface of the member and bringing a fitting portion between the first member and the third member into close contact with each other; and filling a gap between the fitting portion between the second member and the third member. And a brazing step of causing a material to flow and bringing the fitting portion into close contact with each other. 5. A plate-shaped first member having a notch or a hole penetrating in a plate thickness direction, and a second member inserted into the notch or the hole, wherein the first member and the second member are connected to each other. A joining method of two members joined via a third member positioned between the first member and the second member, wherein at least a part of an intermediate portion in a thickness direction of a wall surface defining the notch or the hole of the first member is convex. Or a first member joining surface shaping step of forming a joining surface of the first member by forming a concave shape, and inserting the second member into the notch or hole of the first member via the third member; A caulking step of pressing and deforming the third member, fitting the third member to the joint surface of the first member, and attaching the second member to a portion of the second member facing the joint surface of the first member; And a diffusion bonding step of heating the third member and diffusion bonding an adhesion portion between the second member and the third member. A brazing step of causing a brazing material to flow into a gap between the fitting portions between the first member and the third member, and bringing the fitting portions into close contact with each other. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the diffusion bonding step and the brazing step are performed simultaneously. 7. A plate-shaped first member having a notch or a hole penetrating in a plate thickness direction, and a second member inserted into the notch or the hole, wherein the first member and the second member are connected to each other. A joining method of two members joined via a third member positioned between the first member and the second member, wherein at least a part of an intermediate portion in a thickness direction of a wall surface defining the notch or the hole of the first member is formed in a concave shape. Forming first
A first member joint surface forming step of forming a joint surface of the member, and inserting the second member into the notch or hole of the first member via the third member, and pressing the third member to press the third member. A first caulking step of deforming, fitting to the joining surface of the first member and attaching the second member to a portion facing the joining surface of the first member; and the second member and the third member. A diffusion bonding step of diffusing an adhesion portion between the second member and the third member, and pressurizing the vicinity of the notch or the hole of the first member to thereby form the first member.
A second caulking step of deforming a joining surface of the members and bringing a fitting portion between the first member and the third member into close contact with each other. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the caulking step is performed by heating a member to be deformed by applying pressure. 9. The method according to claim 2, wherein at least one of the first caulking step and the second caulking step is performed by heating a member to be deformed by applying pressure. The joining method of the two members. 10. The method for joining two members according to claim 8, wherein the heating of the member to be deformed by pressurizing is performed by resistance heating that generates heat by a current-carrying resistance.