JP2000267325A - Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge having same and electrophotographic device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent image fog at low temperature by wet-treating the surfaces of electrically conductive particles with a specified compound and using isopropyl alcohol as a treating solvent. SOLUTION: The surfaces of electrically conductive particles are wet-treated with a methylhydrogenpolysiloxane of the formula and isopropyl alcohol or a mixed solvent comprising a solvent having good solvent power to the compound of the formula and isopropyl alcohol is used as a treating solvent. In the formula, A is H or methyl, the proportion of H to all symbols A is 0.1-50% and (n) is an integer of >=0. The electrically conductive particles are, e.g. particles of metal such as aluminum, zinc or copper, a metal oxide such as zinc oxide, titanium dioxide or tin oxide or carbon black. The proportion of the siloxane compound is preferably 1-50% of the total weight of the electrically conductive particles.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and an electrophotographic apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An electrophotographic photosensitive member is charged, exposed, developed,
Means such as transfer, cleaning and static elimination are repeatedly applied. The electrostatic latent image formed by charging and exposure is a toner image.
A toner image is formed by the fine particle developer referred to as "toner image".
Further, the toner image is transferred to a transfer material such as paper by a transfer means, but not all the toner is transferred.
Some remain on the photoreceptor surface. If the amount of the residual toner is large, the image on the transfer material has a so-called uneven shape, in which transfer defects occur, and thus not only lacks image uniformity, but also causes fusion of the toner to the photosensitive member and filming. The problem of occurrence arises. To solve these problems, it is required to improve the releasability of the surface layer of the photoconductor.

Further, since the electrophotographic photosensitive member is directly subjected to the above-mentioned electrical and mechanical external forces, durability against the external force is required. Specifically, the occurrence of surface wear and scratches due to rubbing, ozone generated during charging,
Durability against deterioration of the surface layer due to adhesion of an active substance such as NOx is required.

Therefore, various overcoats are formed on the photosensitive layer.
Attempts have been made to provide a coating layer, and among them, many overcoat layers containing a resin as a main component have been proposed.

Among them, many methods have been proposed for controlling the resistance of the overcoat layer by adding metal or metal oxide particles to the resin. Dispersion of a metal oxide in an overcoat layer for an electrophotographic photoreceptor is performed in an overcoat layer.
Its main purpose is to control the electrical resistance of the coating layer itself and to prevent an increase in the residual potential in the photoconductor due to the repetition of the electrophotographic process. The appropriate resistance of the coating layer is 1E10 to 1E15
Ω · cm, preferably 1E11 to 1E14 Ω · c
m. However, in the resistance value in the above-mentioned range, the electric resistance of the overcoat layer is easily affected by ionic conduction, so that the electric resistance tends to greatly change due to a change in environment. In particular, when the metal oxide is dispersed in the film, the water absorption of the surface of the metal oxide is high, and therefore, when the electrophotographic process is repeated, the overcoating is performed in all environments. Until now, it has been very difficult to keep the resistance of the layer within the above range.

When particles are dispersed in the protective layer, the particle diameter of the particles is preferably smaller than the wavelength of the incident light, that is, 0.3 μm or less, in order to prevent scattering of the incident light by the dispersed particles. However, fine particles usually have a tendency to aggregate in a resin solution, so it is difficult to uniformly disperse them. Even once dispersed, secondary aggregation or sedimentation tends to occur. It has been very difficult to stably produce such a dispersed membrane. From the viewpoint of further improving the transparency and the uniformity of the conductivity, it is preferable to disperse the ultrafine particle powder having a smaller particle diameter (primary particle diameter of 0.1 μm or less). And the dispersion stability tends to be even worse.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-265244 discloses that in order to solve these problems, the surface of conductive fine particles dispersed in an overcoat layer is treated with a specific methyl hydrogen polysiloxane. However, when the surface treatment is performed by wet treatment, the actual treatment amount is not stable depending on the solvent used, and the properties such as the resistance and the residual potential of the overcoat layer are affected. The problem is that high image quality cannot be stably obtained under the environment.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a high quality image without causing image fogging under low humidity and without blurring due to a decrease in resistance of an overcoat layer under high humidity. It is another object of the present invention to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor capable of stably obtaining the above image, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photoreceptor.

[0009]

According to the present invention, there is provided an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer and an overcoat layer containing conductive particles on a conductive support. General formula (1)

Embedded image (Wherein, A represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group;
Is in the range of 0.1 to 50%, and n is an integer of 0 or more), and the mixture is wet-treated with methyl hydrogen polysiloxane represented by the formula: isopropyl alcohol or And a mixed solvent of isopropyl alcohol and a solvent having good solubility in the compound represented by the general formula (1).

According to the present invention, the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, and at least one means selected from the group consisting of a charging means, a developing means, and a cleaning means are integrally supported and attached to and detached from an electrophotographic apparatus main body. It is composed of a process cartridge characterized by being flexible.

Further, the present invention comprises an electrophotographic apparatus comprising the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, charging means, image exposure means, developing means and transfer means.

[0012]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An overcoat layer for dispersing conductive particles used in the present invention in a resin will be described.

The conductive particles used in the present invention include metals, metal oxides and carbon black. Examples of the metal include aluminum, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel, stainless steel, silver, and the like, and those obtained by depositing these metals on the surfaces of plastic particles. As metal oxides, zinc oxide, titanium oxide,
Examples include tin oxide, antimony oxide, indium oxide, bismuth oxide, tin-doped indium oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, and antimony-doped zirconium oxide. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. When two or more kinds are used in combination, they may be simply mixed, or may be in the form of a solid solution or fusion.

The average particle size of the conductive particles used in the present invention is preferably not more than 0.3 μm, particularly preferably not more than 0.1 μm so as not to cause a decrease in sensitivity.

In the present invention, among the above-mentioned conductive particles, it is particularly preferable to use a metal oxide in terms of transparency and the like. Among them, tin oxide, indium oxide, indium oxide doped with tin, and tin oxide doped with antimony are more preferable.

The ratio of the siloxane compound to the conductive particles in the present invention is affected by the particle size of the particles, the ratio of methyl groups to hydrogen atoms of the siloxane compound, and the like. %, Particularly preferably 3 to 40%.

The methyl hydrogen polysiloxane in the present invention is represented by the following general formula (1).

Embedded image In the formula, the ratio of hydrogen atoms to all A is represented by the ratio (%) of hydrogen atoms to the sum of the number of hydrogen atoms bonded to silicon atoms and the number of methyl groups bonded to silicon atoms. In the present invention, the silicon atom at each end of the siloxane compound represented by the general formula (1) has three methyl groups, and the silicon atom in the repeating unit has one methyl group and one hydrogen atom. It is particularly preferred to have.

In the formula, n represents an integer of 0 or more.
It is preferably from 10 to 100, particularly preferably from 30 to 70
It is preferred that

The molecular weight of the siloxane compound represented by the general formula (1) is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the viscosity is not too high from the viewpoint of easy surface coating operation.
The weight average molecular weight is preferably from 300 to 10,000, and particularly preferably from 1,000 to 4,000.

In the present invention, a wet method is used for attaching the siloxane compound to the surface of the conductive particles. The wet treatment is carried out by dispersing the conductive particles and the siloxane compound represented by the general formula (1) in a mixed solvent of isopropyl alcohol or a solvent having good solubility in the siloxane compound (1). The compound is attached to the surface of the conductive particles. As the solvent exhibiting good solubility in the siloxane compound (1), directional hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as petroleum ether, mineral spirit and kerosene, volatile silicone oil and the like can be used. . As a dispersing means, a usual dispersing means such as a ball mill or a sand mill can be used. Next, after the solvent is removed by drying this dispersion solution, a heat treatment is further performed to fix the siloxane compound on the surface of the conductive particles.

In the present invention, isopropyl alcohol
The use of a mixed solvent with a solvent that exhibits good solubility in toluene or the siloxane compound (1) enables the treatment to be performed without agglomeration or separation of the siloxane compound due to the generation of heat of dispersion. Can be done. In addition, at the time of the above heat treatment, hydrogen atoms of Si—H bonds in the siloxane compound are oxidized by oxygen in the air to form a new siloxane bond, so that the siloxane compound forms a three-dimensional structure, and the conductive particles are formed. It is wrapped with a siloxane compound having this network structure. Therefore, in the present invention, it is considered that the conductive particles are very uniformly dispersed, and that secondary aggregation and sedimentation of the particles are very unlikely to occur. The conditions for this heat treatment are not particularly limited as long as the siloxane compounds are crosslinked, but the temperature is 120 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 150 ° C. or higher. In addition, the time is preferably 30 minutes or more, and particularly preferably 1 hour or more.

In the present invention, the conductive particles subjected to the above treatment can be further pulverized and used if necessary.

The binder resin that can be used in the overcoat layer of the present invention includes polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, polyarylate resin, polystyrene resin, polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, polyurethane resin, acrylic resin, Examples include epoxy resins, silicone resins, cellulose resins, polyvinyl chloride resins, phosphazene resins, melamine resins, and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers. These resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Among the above resins, it is preferable to use a curable resin in view of the surface hardness of the overcoat layer, the abrasion resistance, the dispersibility of the particles and the stability after dispersion. That is,
Monomers or oligomers that cure by heat or light
The protective layer formed by dispersing conductive particles in a solution containing a coating solution for the protective layer, coating the coating solution on the photosensitive layer and then curing the coating solution has a dispersive hardness and abrasion resistance. It is more preferable in such points.

The monomer or oligomer which is cured by heat or light has, for example, a functional group which causes a polymerization reaction at the end of the molecule by the energy of heat or light. A relatively large molecule of about 20 is an oligomer, and a smaller molecule is a monomer. Examples of the functional group that causes the polymerization reaction include an acryloyl group, a methacryloyl group, a group having a carbon-carbon double bond such as a vinyl group, a silanol group, and a ring-opening polymerization such as a cyclic ether group, or Examples thereof include those in which two or more kinds of molecules react and cause polymerization, such as phenol and formaldehyde. Here, a polymerization reaction initiator may be added.

The ratio between the binder resin and the surface-treated conductive particles is a main factor for determining the resistance of the overcoat layer, and the resistance of the overcoat layer in the present invention is 1E1
It is preferably 0 to 1E15 Ω · cm.
It is preferably E11 to 1E14 Ω · cm.

For the purpose of further improving the dispersibility, the binding property and the weather resistance, additives such as a radical scavenger and an antioxidant may be added to the overcoat layer.

The thickness of the protective layer in the present invention is 0.2 to 1
The range is preferably 0 μm, more preferably 0.5 to 6 μm.
m.

Next, the photosensitive layer will be described. The structure of the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention may be a single layer containing both a charge generating substance and a charge transporting substance in the same layer or a charge generating layer and a charge transporting layer laminated on a conductive support. One of the stacked type.

Hereinafter, the laminated photosensitive layer will be described.
The structure of the laminated photosensitive layer includes a structure in which a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer are laminated on a conductive support in this order, and a structure in which a charge transport layer and a charge generation layer are laminated in this order.

The conductive support used in the present invention may be any one as long as it has conductivity. For example, a metal such as aluminum, copper, chromium, nickel, zinc, stainless steel or the like may be formed into a drum or sheet. Molded,
Laminating metal foil such as aluminum or copper on plastic film, aluminum, indium oxide,
Examples thereof include those obtained by depositing tin oxide or the like on a plastic film, and metals, plastics, and papers provided with a conductive layer by applying a conductive substance alone or with a binder resin.

The charge transport layer of the laminated photoreceptor has a polycyclic aromatic compound having a structure of biphenylene, anthracene, pyrene, phenanthrene or the like in the main chain or side chain, indole,
It is formed using a coating solution in which a charge transporting substance such as a nitrogen-containing ring compound such as carbazole, oxazole, or pyrazoline, a hydrazone compound, a styryl compound, or a triarylamine compound is dissolved in a resin having a film forming property. You. Examples of the resin having such a film forming property include polyester, polycarbonate, polystyrene, and polymethacrylate. The thickness of the charge transport layer is 5 to 40 μm, preferably 10 to 30 μm.

The charge generating layer of the laminated photoreceptor includes azo pigments such as Sudan Red and Diamble, quinone pigments such as pyrenequinone and anthantrone, quinocyanine pigments, perylene pigments, indigo pigments such as indigo and thioindigo, and phthalocyanine pigments. Is dispersed in a binder resin such as polyvinyl butyral, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate and an acrylic resin, and the dispersion is applied or the pigment is formed by vacuum evaporation. The thickness of the charge generation layer is 5 μm or less, preferably 0.0 μm or less.
5 to 3 μm.

In the present invention, an undercoat layer having a barrier function and an adhesive function can be provided between the conductive support and the photosensitive layer. The undercoat layer can be formed of casein, polyvinyl alcohol, nitrocellulose, ethylene-acrylate copolymer, alcohol-soluble amide, polyurethane, gelatin and the like. The thickness of the undercoat layer is preferably 0.1 to 3 μm.

The electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention can be applied not only to general electrophotographic apparatuses such as an electrophotographic copying machine, a laser beam printer, an LED printer, a liquid crystal shutter printer, but also The present invention can be widely applied to devices such as display, recording, light printing, plate making, facsimile and the like to which electrophotographic technology is applied.

Next, the process cartridge and the electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus having a process cartridge having an electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a drum-shaped electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, which is driven to rotate around an axis 2 at a predetermined peripheral speed in a direction indicated by an arrow. In the rotation process, the photosensitive member 1 is uniformly charged at a predetermined positive or negative potential on the peripheral surface thereof by the primary charging means 3, and then the image exposure means (such as a slit exposure or a laser beam scanning exposure) is used. (See FIG. 1). Thus, an electrostatic latent image is sequentially formed on the peripheral surface of the photoconductor 1.

The formed electrostatic latent image is then transferred to developing means 5
Is transferred to the transfer material 6 from the paper supply unit (not shown) and fed between the photosensitive member 1 and the transfer means 6 in synchronization with the rotation of the photosensitive member 1. Are sequentially transferred by the transfer means 6. The transfer material 7 having undergone the image transfer is separated from the photoreceptor surface, introduced into the image fixing means 8 and subjected to image fixing, thereby being printed out as a copy (copy) outside the apparatus. The surface of the photoreceptor 1 after the image transfer is cleaned and cleaned by removing the transfer residual toner by the cleaning means 9, and further subjected to a static elimination process by the pre-exposure light 10 from the pre-exposure means (not shown). After that, it is repeatedly used for image formation. When the primary charging means 3 is a contact charging means using a charging roller or the like, pre-exposure is not necessarily required.

In the present invention, a plurality of components, such as the photoreceptor 1, the primary charging means 3, the developing means 5 and the cleaning means 9, are integrally connected as a process cartridge. Alternatively, the process cartridge may be configured to be detachable from a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus such as a copying machine or a laser beam printer. For example, at least one of the primary charging means 3, the developing means 5 and the cleaning means 9 is integrally supported together with the photoreceptor 1 to form a cartridge, and the apparatus main body is guided by a guide means such as the rail 12 of the apparatus main body. The process cartridge 11 can be detachably mounted on the cartridge. When the electrophotographic apparatus is a copier or a printer, the image exposure light 4 uses reflected light or transmitted light from the original, or reads the original with a sensor and converts it into a signal. This is light emitted by scanning of the laser beam, driving of the LED array, driving of the liquid crystal shutter array, and the like.

[0039]

EXAMPLE 1 Example 1 Aluminum cylinder (φ30mm × 260.5m
m), a polyamide resin (trade name Amilan CM = 80)
A solution prepared by dissolving 10 parts (by weight, hereinafter the same) of 10 parts (by weight, the same applies hereinafter) in 200 parts of methanol was dip-coated and dried at 90 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a 0.5 μm thick undercoat layer. Formed.

Next, the diffraction angles 2θ ± 0.2 ° in the X-ray diffraction spectrum of CuKα are 9.0 °, 14.2 °,
4 parts of oxytitanium phthalocyanine pigment (the following structural formula) having a strong peak at 3.9 ° and 27.1 °, polyvinyl butyral (trade name BX-1, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.)
2 parts and 80 parts of cyclohexanone were added to a φ1 mm glass bead.
The mixture was dispersed for 4 hours by a sand mill using a powder. A coating solution prepared by adding 100 parts of ethyl acetate to this dispersion was applied onto the undercoat layer. Structural formula

Embedded image

Next, 10 parts of a compound having the following structural formula

Embedded image And bisphenol Z-type polycarbonate (trade name: Z-
200, manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in 100 parts of monochlorobenzene. This solution was applied on the charge generation layer and dried with hot air at 105 ° C. for 1 hour to form a 20 μm charge transport layer.

Next, a coating solution for the overcoat layer was prepared. Tin oxide fine particles doped with antimony having an average particle size of 0.02 μm (trade name: T-1, Mitsubishi Materials Corporation)
100 parts), 20 parts of methyl hydrogen polysiloxane (trade name KF-99, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone Co., Ltd.), 150 parts of toluene, 150 parts of isopropyl alcohol 150
After stirring the part for 48 hours with a stirrer, the solution was filtered, washed, dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment at 150 ° C. for 2 hours to perform a surface treatment of the tin oxide particles. Evaluation of surface treatment amount
The weight loss of the surface-treated SnO ₂ when the temperature was raised from room temperature to 505 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere was measured using a thermogravimetric device TG / DTA2208 (manufactured by Seiko-Electronic Industries, Ltd.).

Next, an acrylic monomer-2 having the following structural formula
0 copies

Embedded image After dispersing 50 parts of the surface-treated ultrafine tin oxide particles and 150 parts of ethanol in a sand mill for 66 hours, 15 parts of 2-methylthioxanthone was dissolved and prepared as a photopolymerization initiator to prepare a coating solution. Using this coating solution, a film is formed on the charge transport layer by dip coating, and photocured at a light intensity of 8 mW / cm ² for 60 seconds with a high-pressure mercury lamp, and then heated at 120 ° C. for 2 hours with hot air. After drying, a surface layer was formed. The thickness of the surface layer was 3 μm. The dispersibility of the surface layer coating liquid was good, and the surface layer had a uniform surface without unevenness.

The evaluation was carried out using a laser beam printer modified from LBP-NX manufactured by Canon Inc. The durability print test of 10,000 sheets was performed while changing the temperature and humidity environment. The volume resistance of the overcoat layer was measured using a PA meter-4140B manufactured by Yokogawa Hewlett-Packard Co., Ltd. Table 1 shows the results.

Example 2 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the surface treatment SnO ₂ for the overcoat layer in Example 1 was changed as follows.

Antimony having an average particle size of 0.02 μm was doped with
100 parts of tin oxide fine particles (described above), 30 parts of methyl hydrogen polysiloxane (described above) and toluene 1
After stirring 50 parts and 150 parts of isopropyl alcohol with a stirring device for 48 hours, the solution was filtered, washed, dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment at 150 ° C. for 2 hours to perform a surface treatment of the tin oxide particles. Table 1 shows the results.

Example 3 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the surface treatment SnO ₂ for the overcoat layer in Example 1 was changed as follows.

Antimony having an average particle size of 0.02 μm
100 parts of tin oxide fine particles (described above), 30 parts of methyl hydrogen polysiloxane (described above) and toluene 7
5 parts and 225 parts of isopropyl alcohol were mixed with a stirring device.
After stirring for 8 hours, the solution was filtered, washed, dried, and
Heat treatment was performed at 50 ° C. for 2 hours to perform a surface treatment on the tin oxide particles. Table 1 shows the results.

Example 4 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the surface treatment SnO ₂ for the overcoat layer in Example 1 was changed as follows.

Antimony having an average particle size of 0.02 μm was doped with
100 parts of tin oxide fine particles (described above), 30 parts of methyl hydrogen polysiloxane (described above), and 300 parts of isopropyl alcohol were stirred for 48 hours by a stirrer.
The solution was filtered, washed, dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment at 150 ° C. for 2 hours to perform a surface treatment of the tin oxide particles. Table 1 shows the results.

Comparative Example 1 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the surface treatment of the conductive fine particles was not performed in the overcoat layer of Example 1. Table 2 shows the results.

Comparative Example 2 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the surface treatment SnO ₂ for the overcoat layer in Example 1 was changed as follows.

Antimony having an average particle size of 0.02 μm
100 parts of tin oxide fine particles (described above), 20 parts of methyl hydrogen polysiloxane (described above), and toluene 15
After stirring 0 parts and 150 parts of methyl alcohol with a stirrer for 48 hours, the solution was filtered, washed, dried, and further dried.
The surface treatment of the tin oxide particles was performed by performing a heat treatment at 2 ° C. for 2 hours. Table 2 shows the results.

Comparative Example 3 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the surface treatment SnO ₂ for the overcoat layer in Example 1 was changed as follows.

Antimony having an average particle size of 0.02 μm was doped
100 parts of tin oxide fine particles (described above), 30 parts of methyl hydrogen polysiloxane (described above), and toluene 15
After stirring 0 parts and 150 parts of methyl alcohol with a stirrer for 48 hours, the solution was filtered, washed, dried, and further dried.
The surface treatment of the tin oxide particles was performed by performing a heat treatment at 2 ° C. for 2 hours. Table 2 shows the results.

Comparative Example 4 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the surface treatment SnO ₂ for the overcoat layer in Example 1 was changed as follows.

Antimony having an average particle size of 0.02 μm was doped with
After 100 parts of tin oxide fine particles (described above), 30 parts of methyl hydrogen polysiloxane (described above), and 300 parts of methyl alcohol were sold for 48 hours with a stirrer, the solution was filtered, washed, dried and further dried. Heat treatment was performed at 150 ° C. for 2 hours to perform a surface treatment on the tin oxide particles. Table 2 shows the results.

Comparative Example 5 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the surface treatment SnO ₂ for the overcoat layer in Example 1 was changed as follows.

Antimony having an average particle size of 0.02 μm was doped
100 parts of tin oxide fine particles (described above), 30 parts of methyl hydrogen polysiloxane (described above), and toluene 15
0 parts and 150 parts of ethyl alcohol were expanded by a stirrer for 48 hours, and then the solution was filtered, washed, dried and further dried.
The surface treatment of the tin oxide particles was performed by performing a heat treatment at 2 ° C. for 2 hours. Table 2 shows the results.

[0060]

[Table 1]

[Table 2]

Although the processing amount is stabilized by the surface treatment in the present invention, the processing amount is not stable in the comparative example, and it is inevitable that the image quality deteriorates.

[0062]

The electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention has a remarkable effect that a high-quality image can be stably obtained in all environments. Also, it can be mounted on a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus to achieve the same excellent effects.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a process car having an electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus having a cartridge.

DESCRIPTION OF THE SYMBOLS 1 Electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention 2 axis 3 Primary charging means 4 Image exposure light 5 Developing means 6 Transfer means 7 Transfer material 8 Image fixing means 9 Cleaning means 10 Pre-exposure light 11 Process cartridge 12 rails

Claims (3)

[Claims] An electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer and an overcoat layer containing conductive particles on a conductive support, wherein the surface of the conductive particles has the following general formula (1): 1) (Wherein, A represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group;
Is in the range of 0.1 to 50%, and n is an integer of 0 or more), and is wet-treated with methyl hydrogen polysiloxane represented by the following formula: Alternatively, an electrophotographic photoreceptor characterized in that a mixed solvent of isopropyl alcohol and a solvent having good solubility in the compound represented by the general formula (1) is used. 2. The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, and at least one unit selected from the group consisting of a charging unit, a developing unit and a cleaning unit are integrally supported, and are detachably attached to an electrophotographic apparatus main body. Process car characterized by the following
Tridge. 3. An electrophotographic apparatus comprising the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, a charging unit, an image exposing unit, a developing unit, and a transferring unit.