JPH08184980A - Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge having the photoreceptor and electrophotographic device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor excellent in slidability, having durability to wear and scratch of the surface due to chafing, without the surface resistance being lowered due to a corona product generated in a repeated electrophotographic process and maintaining a high-grade picture quality even under high-humidity conditions. CONSTITUTION: A photosensitive layer and a protective layer are formed on a conductive substrate in this order to constitute an electrophotographic photoreceptor. The fine particle of a conductive metal oxide is dispersed in a resin formed by polymerizing a photosetting acryl monomer and oligomer in the protective layer, and the layer contains a compd. having a constitutional formula shown by formula I, etc., as a photopolymerization initiator and a compd. having a constitutional formula shown by formula II, etc., as a photopolymerization initiator assistant.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor, particularly an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a protective layer.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An electrophotographic photosensitive member is required to have required sensitivity, electrical characteristics and optical characteristics according to an electrophotographic process to be used. As for the surface layer of the photoconductor, that is, the layer most distant from the support, external electric and mechanical forces such as corona charging, toner development, transfer to paper and cleaning treatment are directly applied. In addition, durability against them is required. Specifically, it is required to have durability against abrasion and scratches on the surface due to rubbing, and deterioration of the surface due to ozone generated during corona charging. On the other hand, there is a problem that toner is adhered to the surface layer due to repeated toner development and cleaning, and to this end, improvement of the cleaning property of the surface layer is required.

In order to satisfy the properties required for the surface layer as described above, attempts have been made to provide a surface protective layer containing a resin as a main component. For example, as proposed in JP-A-57-30843, there is proposed a protective layer in which a metal oxide is added as a conductive powder to control the resistance.

Dispersing a metal oxide in a protective layer for an electrophotographic photoreceptor controls the electric resistance of the protective layer itself and prevents an increase in residual potential in the photoreceptor during repeated electrophotographic processes. Its main purpose is, on the other hand, a suitable resistance value of the protective layer for an electrophotographic photoreceptor is 10 ¹⁰ to 10 ¹⁵ o.
It has been shown to be hm · cm. However, in the resistance value within the above range, the electric resistance of the protective layer is easily affected by ion conduction, and therefore the electric resistance tends to largely change due to changes in the environment.

Furthermore, especially in high humidity, ozone generated by the repeated charging, causing a decrease in the surface resistance of the photoreceptor by corona products such as NO _X adheres to the surface, the image flow, such as occurs There is a problem. Further, for the purpose of extending the service life, the releasability of the binder resin itself, the durability against abrasion and scratches due to rubbing are not sufficient, and a protective layer having satisfactory electrophotographic properties has not yet been obtained. It was the current situation.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member which is excellent in slipperiness and has durability against abrasion and scratches on the surface due to rubbing. It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member which can maintain high-quality image quality even under high humidity without causing reduction in surface resistance due to adhesion of corona products which are repeatedly generated in the electrophotographic process.

[0007]

The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer and a protective layer (if necessary, an intermediate layer between the photosensitive layer and the protective layer) in this order on a conductive support, Conductive metal oxide fine particles are dispersed in a resin in which the protective layer is formed by polymerizing a photocurable acrylic monomer and an oligomer, and at least a compound represented by the structural formula (1) as a photopolymerization initiator or Structural formula (2)
And a compound of the structural formula (3) or a compound of the structural formula (4) as a photopolymerization initiation auxiliary agent. Structural formula (1)

Embedded image Structural formula (2)

[Chemical 6] Structural formula (3)

[Chemical 7] Structural formula (4)

Embedded image

The electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention is an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer and a protective layer (if necessary, an intermediate layer between the photosensitive layer and the protective layer) on a conductive support.

Explaining the protective layer, the problem in using a film obtained by dispersing conductive metal oxide fine particles in a binder resin and photocuring the film as a protective layer of an electrophotographic photoreceptor as described above is a problem. Curability and environmental resistance of electrical resistance. As a result of various studies, the inventors of the present invention, in order to efficiently and uniformly photo-cure the binder resin as a means for solving the above problems,
The compound of the above structural formulas (1) and (2) is contained as a photopolymerization initiator having a high extinction coefficient, and the compound of the above structural formulas (3) and (4) is contained as a photopolymerization initiation aid having an absorption region at a long wavelength. It has been found that it is very effective.

The proportion of the polymerization initiator which is the compound of structural formula (1) or (2) is 0.1 to the total weight of the protective layer.
It is 30 wt%, preferably 0.5 to 20 wt%. Moreover, the ratio of the polymerization initiation assistant which is the compound of structural formula (3) or (4) is 0.1 to 30 w relative to the total weight of the protective layer.
t%, preferably 0.5 to 20 wt%. The ratio of the compound of structural formula (3) or (4) to the compound of structural formula (1) or (2) is 20 to 300%, preferably 50 to 200%.

As the photopolymerization initiator, the compounds of the structural formulas (1) and (2) may be mixed with other initiators, and usable initiators are benzophenone, Michler-ketone, Examples thereof include thioxanthone, benzoisobutyl ether, acylokim ester, dibenzothroben and the like. As the photopolymerization initiation assistant, the compounds of structural formulas (3) and (4) may be mixed with other polymerization initiation assistants and used.

As the binder resin for the protective layer used in the present invention, a photocurable acrylic monomer or an oligomer may be used alone, and a photocurable acrylic monomer may be further used.
It is also possible to mix curable monomers and oligomers which undergo copolymerization with the oligomers.

Examples of the metal oxide used in the present invention include zinc oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, antimony oxide, indium oxide, bismuth oxide, indium oxide doped with tin, tin oxide doped with antimony, and oxide. Ultrafine particles such as zirconium can be used. These metal oxides are used alone or in combination of two or more. When two or more kinds are mixed, they may be in the form of solid solution or fusion. The average particle size of such ultrafine metal oxide particles is 0.3 μm or less, preferably 0.1 μm or less.

Various additives can be added to the protective layer of the present invention for the purpose of improving the dispersibility and smoothness of the conductive metal oxide fine particles. Especially for improving dispersibility, it is very effective to perform surface treatment of the conductive metal oxide fine particles. As the surface treatment agent, a fluorine-containing silane coupling agent, a fluorine-modified silicone oil, a fluorine type surfactant and a fluorine type graft polymer are particularly preferable.

The ratio of the binder resin to the conductive metal oxide fine particles is a factor that directly determines the resistance of the protective layer, so that the resistance of the protective layer is in the range of 10 ¹⁰ to 10 ¹⁵ ohm.cm. Set.

Fluorine-based resin particles may be added to the protective layer for the purpose of improving smoothness. Fluorine-based resin particles include tetrafluoroethylene resin, trifluorochloroethylene resin, hexafluorochloroethylene propylene resin, vinyl fluoride resin, vinylidene fluoride resin, difluorodichloroethylene resin, and their co-weights. It is preferable to appropriately select one kind or two or more kinds from the combination, but in particular,
Ethylene tetrafluoride resin and vinylidene fluoride resin are preferred. The ratio of the fluorine-based resin particles in the protective layer is 5 wt% ~
70 wt%, preferably 10 wt% to 60 wt%. The molecular weight of the resin and the particle size of the particles can be appropriately selected and are not particularly limited.

Further, an additive such as an antioxidant may be added to the protective layer for the purpose of improving weather resistance.

The protective layer is formed by applying and curing a dispersion liquid in which metal oxide fine particles are dispersed in the binder resin. The protective layer preferably has a thickness of 0.2 to 7 μm, more preferably 0.5 to 5 μm.

An intermediate layer may be provided between the photosensitive layer and the protective layer for the purpose of improving smoothness and durability. As the binder resin used for the intermediate layer, polyester resin, polycarbonate resin, polyurethane resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, melamine resin, polystyrene resin, polyvinyl butyral resin, polyamide resin, acrylic resin, Styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-acrylic copolymer,
Cellulose, casein, gelatin, polyacrylic acid and its ester, polymethacrylic acid and its ester and the like can be mentioned. The thickness of the intermediate layer is 0.01 to 10 μm.
And preferably 0.1 to 3 μm. In addition, in the intermediate layer, other than this, antioxidant, conductive material, ultraviolet absorber

Explaining the photosensitive layer, the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention has a single layer type containing both the charge generating substance and the charge transporting substance, and the charge generating layer and the charge transporting layer are made conductive. It is either a laminated type laminated on a support. Hereinafter, the laminated type photoreceptor will be described.

As the constitution of the laminated type photosensitive layer, a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer are laminated in this order on a conductive support, or
On the contrary, the charge transport layer and the charge generation layer are laminated in this order.

The support used in the present invention may be any one having conductivity, and for example, a metal such as aluminum, copper, chromium, nickel, zinc or stainless is molded into a drum shape or a sheet shape, aluminum or Laminated metal foil such as copper on plastic film, vapor deposited aluminum, indium oxide, tin oxide, etc. on plastic film, metal on which conductive material is applied alone or with binder resin to form conductive layer , Plastic film, paper and the like.

The charge transport layer comprises a polycyclic aromatic compound having a structure such as biphenylene, anthracene, pyrene or phenanthrene in the main chain or side chain, indol, carbazol.
It is formed by using a coating liquid prepared by dissolving a nitrogen-containing ring compound such as diol, oxadiazol, or pyrazoline, a charge transporting substance such as a hydrazone compound, or a styryl compound in a resin having a film-forming property. Examples of the resin having such a film forming property include polyester, polycarbonate, polystyrene, and polymethacrylic acid ester. The thickness of the charge transport layer is 5 to 40 μm, preferably 10 to 30 μm.

The charge generating layer is a charge generating substance such as azo pigments such as sudan red and diamble, quinone pigments such as pyrene quinone and anthanthrone, quinocyanine pigments, perylene pigments, indigo pigments such as indigo and thioindigo, and phthalocyanine pigments. Is dispersed in a binder resin such as polyvinyl butyral, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, and acrylic resin, and the dispersion is coated or the pigment is vacuum-deposited. The thickness of the charge generation layer is 5 μm or less, preferably 0.05 to 3 μm.

In the present invention, an undercoat layer having a barrier function and an adhesive function can be provided between the conductive layer and the photosensitive layer. The undercoat layer is casein, polyvinyl alcohol
And nitrocellulose, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, alcohol-soluble amide, polyurethane, gelatin and the like. A suitable film thickness is 0.1-3 μm.

In the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, the compound of the structural formula (1) or the compound of the structural formula (2) is used as the photopolymerization initiator and the compound of the structural formula (3) or the structural formula (4) is used as the photopolymerization initiation assistant. ) Is a photocurable acrylic monomer containing a compound of the compound and a binder resin containing an oligomer-dispersed conductive metal oxide fine particles as a protective layer coating liquid, which is coated on the photosensitive layer, and ultraviolet curing forms a protective layer, can hardness to form the high metal oxide dispersion good homogeneous protective layer of the microparticles, also has durability ozone, to the active substances, such as NO _X A protective layer could be formed. As a result, it is possible to provide a photoconductor that has no image defects such as unevenness, fog, and blurring, has extremely high abrasion resistance and environment resistance, and has excellent electrophotographic characteristics.

The electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention is used in a copying machine, a laser.
It can be generally applied to electrophotographic devices such as beam printers, LED printers, liquid crystal shutter-type printers, etc., and also widely used in devices such as displays, recording, light printing, plate making, and facsimiles to which electrophotographic technology is applied. Can be applied.

In the present invention, the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention 7 and at least one means selected from the group consisting of charging means, developing means and cleaning means are integrally supported, It is composed of a process cartridge characterized by being detachable.

Further, the present invention comprises an electrophotographic apparatus characterized by having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, a charging means, an image exposing means, a developing means and a transferring means.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic structure of an electrophotographic apparatus having a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a drum-shaped electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, which is rotationally driven around a shaft 2 in a direction of an arrow at a predetermined peripheral speed. In the course of rotation of the photoconductor 1, the peripheral surface of the photoconductor 1 is uniformly charged to a predetermined positive or negative potential by a primary charging means 3, and then an image exposure means (non-exposure means) such as slit exposure or laser beam scanning exposure is used. Image exposure light 4 from the drawing is received. In this way, electrostatic latent images are sequentially formed on the peripheral surface of the photoconductor 1.

The formed electrostatic latent image is then developed by the developing means 5.
The toner-developed toner image developed and developed by the transfer material 7 is fed from a sheet feeding unit (not shown) between the photoconductor 1 and the transfer unit 6 in synchronization with the rotation of the photoconductor 1. Then, the image is sequentially transferred by the transfer means 6. The transfer material 7 that has received the image transfer is separated from the surface of the photoconductor and is introduced into the image fixing means 8 to undergo the image fixing, and is printed out as a copy (copy) to the outside of the apparatus. The surface of the photoreceptor 1 after the image transfer is cleaned by the cleaning means 9 after removal of the residual toner after transfer, and is further neutralized by the pre-exposure light 10 from the pre-exposure means (not shown). And then repeatedly used for image formation. The primary charging means 3 is a charging roller.
In the case of a contact charging means using a wire or the like, pre-exposure is not always necessary.

In the present invention, a plurality of constituent elements such as the photoconductor 1, the primary charging means 3, the developing means 5 and the cleaning means 9 are integrally combined as a process cartridge. However, the process cartridge may be detachably attached to the main body of the electrophotographic apparatus such as a copying machine or a laser beam printer. For example, at least one of the primary charging means 3, the developing means 5 and the cleaning means 9 is integrally supported with the photoconductor 1 to form a cartridge, and a guide means such as a rail 12 of the apparatus main body is used. The process cartridge 11 can be attached to and detached from the main body. Further, when the electrophotographic apparatus is a copying machine or a printer, the image exposure light 4 uses reflected light or transmitted light from a document, or a document is read by a sensor,
It is the light emitted by the signalization and the scanning of the laser beam, the driving of the LED array, the driving of the liquid crystal shutter array, etc., performed according to this signal.

On the other hand, when used as a printer for a facsimile, the image exposure light 4 becomes exposure light for printing the received data. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of this case. The controller 14 controls the image reading unit 13 and the printer 22. The entire controller 14 is controlled by the CPU 20. The read data from the image reading unit 13 is transmitted to the partner station through the transmission circuit 16. The data received from the partner station is sent to the printer 22 through the receiving circuit 15. Predetermined image data is stored in the image memory. The printer controller 21 controls the printer 22. 17 is a telephone. The image received from the line 18 (image information from the remote terminal connected via the line) is demodulated by the receiving circuit 15, and then the image information is decoded by the CPU 20 and sequentially stored in the image memory 19. To be done. Then, when at least one page of image is stored in the image memory 19, the image of that page is recorded. CPU20
Reads one page of image information from the image memory 19 and sends the decoded one page of image information to the printer controller -21. Printer controller
When the printer 21 receives the image information of one page from the CPU 20, the printer 21 prints the image information of the page.
22 is controlled. The CPU 20 receives the next page during recording by the printer 22. In this way, the image is received and recorded.

[0034]

【Example】

Example 1 An alcohol-soluble polyamide (trade name: Amilan CM-8000, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) on an aluminum cylinder.
10 parts, methoxymethylated nylon (trade name resin T
F-30T, manufactured by Teikoku Kagaku Co., Ltd., 30 parts by methanol 1
A coating solution prepared by dissolving in a mixed solvent of 50 parts and butanol 150 parts was applied by dip coating and dried at 90 ° C. for 10 minutes to form an undercoat layer having a film thickness of 1 μm.

Next, 4 parts of a disazo pigment having the following structural formula,

[Chemical 9] After 2 parts of butyral resin (trade name S-REC BL-S, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 100 parts of cyclohexanone were dispersed in a sand mill for 48 hours, tetrahydrofuran 100 was added.
Parts were added to prepare a charge generation layer coating solution. This coating solution was applied onto the undercoat layer by dip coating and dried at 80 ° C. for 15 minutes to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.15 μm.

Next, 10 parts of a styryl compound having the following structural formula

[Chemical 10] And 10 parts of polycarbonate (trade name: Yupilon Z200, manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Inc.) and 20 parts of dichloromethane.
It was dissolved in a mixed solvent of 60 parts of chlorobenzene, this solution was applied onto the charge generation layer by dip coating, and dried at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 18 μm.

Next, 100 parts of antimony-containing tin oxide fine particles having an average particle size of 0.2 μm (trade name T-1, manufactured by Mitsubishi Materials Corporation), (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl) trimethoxysilane ( Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) 30
Parts, 300 parts of 95% ethanol 5% aqueous solution were milled, and the solution was filtered, washed with ethanol and dried.
Surface treatment of the fine particles was performed by heat treatment at 0 ° C. for 1 hour.

100 parts of a binder resin having the following structural formula,

[Chemical 11] 50 parts of a photopolymerization initiator which is a compound of the structural formula (1),
Photopolymerization initiation assistant 50 which is the compound of the structural formula (3)
Parts of toluene and 300 parts of toluene are mixed and dispersed in a sand mill for 96 hours, and 100 parts of tetrafluoroethylene resin fine particles (trade name: Lubron L-2, manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.) are mixed in the dispersion, and further mixed in a sand mill. The coating liquid for the protective layer was prepared by dispersing for 4 hours. This mixed solution is spray-coated on the charge transport layer to form a film, and after drying, it is heated to 500 m with a high pressure mercury lamp.
UV irradiation at a light intensity of W / cm ² for 20 seconds gives a film thickness of 4μ
A protective layer of m was formed to prepare an electrophotographic photoreceptor.

The prepared electrophotographic photosensitive member was attached to a copying machine which repeats the process of charging-exposure-developing-transfer-cleaning in a cycle of 1.5 seconds, and the electrophotographic characteristics were obtained at 20 ° C and 50% room temperature and normal humidity. The image evaluation was performed at 10 ° C. under a low temperature and low humidity of 15%, and the repeated image development was repeated 5000 times under a high temperature and a high humidity of 35 ° C. and 85%. Further, the image was repeatedly printed and endured 50,000 times under normal temperature and normal humidity. As a result, the sensitivity and residual potential were equivalent to those of the photoconductor without a protective layer shown in Comparative Example 1 described later, and moreover, compared with the photopolymerization initiators used in Comparative Examples 2 and 3 alone, flow and blurring were observed. It was possible to obtain an image with no image, and it was possible to maintain a stable image even after repeated image formation of 50,000 times. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

Example 2 Example 2 was repeated except that the composition of the photopolymerization initiator in the coating liquid for the protective layer was changed to 20 parts of the photopolymerization initiator which is the compound of the above structural formula (2). An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in 1 and evaluated. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

Example 3 In Example 1, the composition of the photopolymerization initiator in the coating liquid for the protective layer was 30 parts by weight of the photopolymerization initiator which is the compound of the structural formula (1) and the structural formula (2). An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 20 parts of the photopolymerization initiator as a compound was used. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

Example 4 The composition of the binder resin in the coating liquid for the protective layer in Example 1 was as follows:

[Chemical 12] 25 parts of the following binder resin,

[Chemical 13] Further, an electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composition of the photopolymerization initiation auxiliary was changed to the compound of the structural formula (4). The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

Example 5 In Example 2, the composition of the binder resin in the coating solution for the protective layer was as follows:

Embedded image 20 parts of the following binder resin,

[Chemical 15] Further, an electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the composition of the photopolymerization initiation assistant was changed to the compound of the structural formula (4). The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

Example 6 An electrophotography was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the composition of the photopolymerization initiation aid in the coating liquid for the protective layer was changed to the compound of the above structural formula (4). A photoconductor was prepared and evaluated. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

Example 7 The following intermediate layer was provided between the charge transport layer and the protective layer in Example 1, and the composition of the photopolymerization initiation assistant in the coating liquid for the protective layer was the same as the above structural formula ( An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 40 parts of the photopolymerization initiation auxiliary which was the compound of 3) and 10 parts of the photopolymerization initiation auxiliary which was the compound of the structural formula (4) were used. And evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
And 2 are shown.

As a coating solution for the intermediate layer, a resin having a repeating unit represented by the following structural formula (weight average molecular weight 3
50,000) 5 copies

Embedded image Was dissolved in 95 parts of DMF to prepare a coating solution for the intermediate layer. This coating solution was spray-coated on the charge transport layer to form an intermediate layer having a film thickness of 1 μm.

Example 8 Example 8 was repeated, except that the composition of the photopolymerization initiator in the coating liquid for the protective layer was changed to 50 parts of the photopolymerization initiator of the compound of the structural formula (2). An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 7. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

Example 9 In Example 7, the composition of the photopolymerization initiator in the coating liquid for the protective layer was 25 parts by weight of the photopolymerization initiator which is the compound of the above structural formula (1) and the above structural formula (2). An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 7 except that 25 parts of the photopolymerization initiator as a compound was used. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

Comparative Example 1 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the protective layer was not provided. As a result, as shown in Tables 1 and 2, the initial electrophotographic characteristics were good.
From around this time, good images could not be obtained.

Comparative Example 2 Electrophotographic exposure was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composition of the photopolymerization initiator was changed to only 50 parts of the photopolymerization initiator which is the compound of the structural formula (1). The body was prepared and evaluated in the same manner. As a result, as shown in Tables 1 and 2, the initial electrophotographic characteristics were good, but when it was subjected to durability, scratches were generated from around 30,000 sheets, and good images could not be obtained. In addition, image blur occurred from around 3000 sheets under high temperature and high humidity.

Comparative Example 3 Electrophotographic exposure was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composition of the photopolymerization initiator was changed to 20 parts of the photopolymerization initiator which is the compound of the structural formula (2). The body was prepared and evaluated in the same manner. As a result, as shown in Tables 1 and 2, the initial electrophotographic characteristics were good, but when it was subjected to durability, scratches were generated from around 20,000 sheets, and good images could not be obtained. Further, image blurring occurred under the initial high temperature and high humidity.

[0052]

[Table 1]

[Table 2]

[0053]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY In the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, the wear resistance and environment resistance of the protective layer are greatly improved by using the specific photopolymerization initiator and photopolymerization initiation auxiliary agent, and therefore, the electrophotographic photoreceptor There is a remarkable effect that a stable image with good image quality can be provided even if repeated durability is performed without deteriorating the characteristics.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a process chart having an electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention.
It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the electrophotographic apparatus which has a triggle.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a block of a facsimile having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Electrophotographic Photoreceptor of the Present Invention 2 Axis 3 Primary Charging Means 4 Image Exposure Light 5 Developing Means 6 Transfer Means 7 Transfer Material 8 Image Fixing Means 9 Cleaning Means 10 Pre-Exposure Light 11 Process Cartridge 12 Rails 13 Image reading unit 14 Controller 15 Receiver circuit 16 Transmitter circuit 17 Telephone 18 Line 19 Image memory 20 CPU 21 Printer-Controller 22 Printer-

Claims (14)

[Claims] 1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer and a protective layer (if necessary, an intermediate layer between the photosensitive layer and the protective layer) in this order on a conductive support, wherein the protective layer is a photocurable type. Conductive metal oxide fine particles are dispersed in a resin formed by polymerizing an acrylic monomer and an oligomer,
And containing at least a compound of structural formula (1) or a compound of structural formula (2) as a photopolymerization initiator, and
An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising at least a compound of structural formula (3) or a compound of structural formula (4) as a photopolymerization initiation aid. Structural formula (1) Structural formula (2) Structural formula (3) Structural formula (4) 2. A compound of structural formula (1) as a photopolymerization initiator, and a structural formula (3) as a photopolymerization initiation aid.
The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, which contains the compound according to claim 1. 3. A compound of structural formula (1) as a photopolymerization initiator, and a structural formula (4) as a photopolymerization initiation aid.
The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, which contains the compound according to claim 1. 4. A compound of structural formula (1) as a photopolymerization initiator, and a structural formula (3) as a photopolymerization initiation aid.
The compound of Claim 1 and the compound of Structural Formula (4) are contained.
The electrophotographic photosensitive member described. 5. A compound of structural formula (2) as a photopolymerization initiator, and a structural formula (3) as a photopolymerization initiation aid.
The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, which contains the compound according to claim 1. 6. A compound of structural formula (2) as a photopolymerization initiator, and a structural formula (4) as a photopolymerization initiation aid.
The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, which contains the compound according to claim 1. 7. A compound of structural formula (2) as a photopolymerization initiator, and a structural formula (3) as a photopolymerization initiation aid.
The compound of Claim 1 and the compound of Structural Formula (4) are contained.
The electrophotographic photosensitive member described. 8. The compound according to claim 1, which contains the compound of structural formula (1) and the compound of (2) as a photopolymerization initiator, and the compound of structural formula (3) as a photopolymerization initiation aid. Electrophotographic photoreceptor. 9. A compound of structural formula (1) and a compound of structural formula (2) are contained as photopolymerization initiators, and a compound of structural formula (4) is contained as a photopolymerization initiation aid.
The electrophotographic photosensitive member described. 10. A compound of structural formula (1) and a compound of structural formula (2) as a photopolymerization initiator, and a compound of structural formula (3) and a structural formula (4) as a photopolymerization initiation aid.
The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, which contains the compound according to claim 1. 11. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the conductive metal oxide particles are surface-treated. 12. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the protective layer contains fluorine-based resin particles. 13. An electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, and at least one means selected from the group consisting of a charging means, a developing means and a cleaning means, which are integrally supported and are detachably mountable to the main body of the electrophotographic apparatus. A process cartridge characterized by the following. 14. An electrophotographic apparatus comprising the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, a charging unit, an image exposing unit, a developing unit and a cleaning unit. 1 [0001]