JP2000310872A - Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and electrophotographic device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To ensure high durability and a long service life, to prevent the occurrence of image defects such as black streaks and black spots due to scuffing and white spots due to filming in repetitive use and to obtain an image free form blurring and running and having high image quality even in an environment at high humidity. SOLUTION: The electrophotographic photoreceptor has a photosensitive layer and a protective layer in this order on the electrically conductive substrate. The protective layer contains at least a resin formed by polymerizing a curable acrylic monomer or oligomer having no siloxane skeleton and a reactive acrylic siloxane monomer or oligomer. The reactive acrylic siloxane monomer or oligomer is preferably a compound of the formula, wherein R1 is methyl, R2 is -OCH2- or -O-(CH2)3-, R3 is acryloyl or methacryloyl and (n) is 0 or an integer of 1-8.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus, and more particularly, to an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer containing a specific resin,
The present invention relates to a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member and an electrophotographic apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An electrophotographic photosensitive member is required to have required sensitivity, electrical characteristics and optical characteristics according to an applied electrophotographic process. In particular, since various electrical and mechanical external forces due to a charging unit, an exposure unit, a developing unit, a transfer unit, a cleaning unit, and the like are directly applied to the surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member that is repeatedly used, durability against these is required. Have been. Specifically, it is required to have durability against abrasion and scratches on the surface caused by rubbing of the surface of the photoconductor at the time of transfer, cleaning, etc., deterioration of the photoconductor and potential characteristics due to ozone and a charge product generated at the time of charging. You. Further, there is a problem that toner adheres to the surface of the photoreceptor due to repetition of toner development and cleaning, and good cleaning properties are also required.

Attempts have been made to provide a surface protective layer containing a resin as a main component on a photosensitive layer in order to satisfy the durability characteristics required for the above-mentioned photosensitive member. For example, JP-A-56-42863 and JP-A-53-103741
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. H11-157, for example, discloses that the surface hardness and abrasion resistance are improved by using a protective layer containing a curable resin as a main component.

In order to obtain a better image, the protective layer of the photoreceptor is required to have not only characteristics such as high hardness and excellent abrasion resistance, but also an appropriate electric resistance of the protective layer itself. Is done. When the resistance value of the protective layer is too high, the charge-exposure and the electrophotographic process performed are repeated, whereby charges are accumulated in the protective layer, so-called residual potential increases, and the potential becomes unstable when the photoconductor is repeatedly used. For,
Image quality also becomes unstable. If the resistance value is too low, the electrostatic latent image flows in the protective layer in the plane direction, causing problems such as blurring and blurring of the image. In order to solve this problem, for example, JP-A-57-30843 discloses that the resistance value of a layer is controlled by adding a metal oxide as conductive fine particles to a protective layer.

Further, the surface of the metal oxide has a high water absorption, and the resistance of the protective layer changes depending on the degree of the water absorption. Therefore, the resistance changes depending on the environment, and the amount of the metal oxide as conductive fine particles is controlled by the addition amount. It was difficult to maintain an appropriate resistance value in any environment only by using the above. In order to solve this problem, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-295
No. 066 discloses that the resistance of a layer is controlled by using a protective layer in which a metal fine powder or a metal oxide fine powder having improved dispersibility and moisture resistance by water-repellent treatment is dispersed in a binder resin. Have been. However, even with the water-repellent treatment as described above, satisfactory resistance control could not be obtained by itself.

[0006] With the recent increase in image quality and durability,
There has been a demand for an electrophotographic photoreceptor having more excellent durability and capable of stably providing excellent images.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a black streak which is durable, has a long service life and is damaged by repeated use.
An electrophotographic photoreceptor having no image defects such as black spots and white spots due to filming and capable of obtaining a high-quality image with no blur or flow even in a high humidity environment, a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and an electrophotographic apparatus Is to provide.

[0008]

According to the present invention, in an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer and a protective layer on a conductive support in this order, a curable acrylic monomer or oligomer in which the protective layer does not have at least a siloxane skeleton. And an electrophotographic photosensitive member containing a resin formed by polymerizing a reactive acrylic siloxane monomer or oligomer, a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and an electrophotographic apparatus.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail.

The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve this problem. As a result, when the siloxane monomer or oligomer has no reactive acryloyl group or (reactive) methacryloyl group, it does not crosslink with the curable acrylic monomer or oligomer. Therefore, the properties derived from siloxane such as high lubricity and releasability could not be utilized through repeated use due to the low strength of the polymer film, low hardness and low abrasion resistance, and the repeated use of the siloxane portion as it emerged on the surface. Is a resin obtained by polymerizing a siloxane monomer or oligomer having a reactive acryloyl group or a (reactive) methacryloyl group with a curable acrylic monomer or oligomer having no siloxane skeleton, so that the curable resin has high hardness and high wear resistance. A protective layer that can exhibit properties such as high lubricity and releasability without impairing the properties is obtained. It is highly durable and has a long service life. Through repeated use, it is possible to remarkably improve the problem of image defects such as black stripes, black spots, white spots due to filming, and blur and flow in high humidity environments. The present invention has been found.

The curable acrylic monomer or oligomer having no siloxane skeleton for forming the binder resin used for the protective layer of the photoreceptor of the present invention has a reactive acryloyl group or methacryloyl group and has a siloxane skeleton. Curable acrylic monomers or oligomers that do not contain.

Here, the reactive acryloyl group and the methacryloyl group are each

[0013]

Embedded image It is.

One molecule of the curable acrylic monomer or oligomer may contain two or more reactive acryloyl groups or methacryloyl groups, and the monomers or oligomers may be used as a mixture of two or more.

Specific examples of the curable acrylic monomer or oligomer having no siloxane skeleton used in the present invention are shown in Table 1 below, but are not limited thereto.

[0016]

[Table 1]

[0017]

[Table 2]

[0018]

[Table 3]

[0019]

[Table 4]

On the other hand, a reactive acrylic siloxane monomer or oligomer molecule refers to a monomer or a monomer represented by the following general formula (1) or (2) having a reactive acryloyl group or methacryloyl group and having a siloxane skeleton. It is an oligomer.

[0021]

Embedded image

Wherein R ¹ is a methyl group and R ² is —OCH ₂ —
Or, —O— (CH ₂ ) ₃ — and R ³ are an acryloyl group or a methacryloyl group, and n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 8.

[0023]

Embedded image

Where R¹Is a methyl group, R^TwoIs -OCH_Two−
Or -O- (CH_Two)_Three-, R^ThreeAnd R ^FourIs an acryloyl group
Or a methacryloyl group, and n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 8
It is.

The reactive acrylic siloxane monomer or oligomer may be used as a mixture of two or more kinds.
Further, a copolymerizable resin can be formed by mixing a curable acrylic monomer or oligomer having no siloxane skeleton and a curable monomer or oligomer other than the reactive acrylic siloxane monomer or oligomer.

In order to cure the curable acrylic monomer or oligomer having no siloxane skeleton and the reactive acrylic siloxane monomer or oligomer according to the present invention, a peroxide catalyst is used when curing with heat as a polymerization initiator. When curing with light, a photo radical generator is used. Examples of the photo-radical generator are shown below, but usable ones are not limited thereto.

[0027]

[Table 5]

In the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, it is preferable that conductive particles such as metal oxide particles are dispersed and contained in the protective layer in order to control the electric resistance value. Examples of the conductive metal oxide include particles such as zinc oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, antimony oxide, indium oxide, bismuth oxide, tin oxide doped with indium, tin oxide doped with antimony, and zirconium oxide. . These metal oxides are used alone or in combination of two or more. When two or more kinds are used, a particle mixture may be used, but a solid solution or a fused state may be used.

These metal oxide particles are used in the protective layer usually in a wide range of 5 to 90% by weight. When the content of the metal oxide is less than 5% by weight, the resistance value as a protective layer tends to be high, and when it is more than 90% by weight, the resistance value as a photoreceptor surface layer becomes small, and the charging ability decreases. Cannot be adopted because it tends to cause pinholes. A practically preferable content is 10 to 90% by weight.
Range.

From the viewpoint of reducing the water absorption of the conductive metal oxide and suppressing the environmental dependence of the resistance of the protective layer, it is preferable to subject the surface of the metal oxide particles to a water-repellent treatment. Examples of the treatment agent used for the water-repellent treatment include titanate-based coupling agents, siloxane compounds, silicone oils, fluorine-containing silane coupling agents, fluorine-modified silicone oils, fluorine-based surfactants, and acetoalkoxyaluminum diisopropylate. The compound of.

When conductive particles are dispersed in the protective layer, the particle diameter is preferably smaller than the wavelength of the incident light in order to prevent scattering of the incident light by the dispersed particles, and the number average particle diameter is generally 0.3 μm. Pulverization is adjusted as follows.

In the present protective layer, a lubricant such as fluororesin particles such as polytetrafluoroethylene and fluorocarbon particles, and silicone resin particles may be dispersed and contained for the purpose of improving properties such as durability and cleaning property. . Further, in the present protective layer, various additives such as antioxidants and stabilizers can be added for the purpose of enhancing stability, weather resistance and the like.

The protective layer used in the present invention has a thickness of 0.1.
1 to 10 μm is preferable, and more preferably 0.5 to 7 μm
m. For forming the protective layer, a commonly known coating method such as a spray coating method, a beam coating method or a dip coating method is suitably employed.

Next, the support of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention will be described. As the support, any material having conductivity and having stable mechanical strength as the support may be used. Examples of such a material include aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, zinc, and stainless steel. , Vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, titanium,
Metals such as nickel and indium formed into drums or sheets, metal foils such as aluminum and copper laminated on plastic films, aluminum, indium oxide, tin oxide, etc. deposited on plastic films , Alone or together with a binder resin to provide a conductive layer, metal, plastic film, paper, and the like. Examples of the shape of the support include a drum shape, a sheet shape, and a belt shape, and it is preferable that the shape is most suitable for the applied electrophotographic apparatus.

Next, the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention will be described. The structure of the photosensitive layer is roughly classified into a single layer type in which a charge generating material and a charge transporting material are contained in the same layer, and a laminated type having a charge generating layer and a charge transporting layer. When the photosensitive layer is a laminated type, selenium, selenium-
Inorganic charge generating materials such as tellurium and amorphous silicon; pyrylium dyes, thiapyrylium dyes, azulenium dyes, cationic dyes such as thiacyanine dyes and quinocyanine dyes; squarium salt pigments; phthalocyanine pigments; And polycyclic quinone pigments such as dibenzopyrene quinone pigments and pyranthrone pigments; indigo pigments; quinacridone pigments; and organic charge generating materials such as azo pigments. The charge generation layer can be formed as a coating layer by forming these charge generation materials as a vapor deposition layer with a vacuum vapor deposition apparatus, or by applying a coating liquid dispersed or dissolved in a binder resin and drying. .

The binder resin can be selected from a wide range of insulating resins, and can be selected from organic photoconductive polymers such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole and polyvinylpyrene. Preferably, polyvinyl butyral, polyarylate (polycondensate of bisphenol A and phthalic acid, etc.) such as polycarbonate, polyester, polyvinyl acetate, acrylic resin, polyacrylamide, polyamide, cellulose resin, urethane resin, epoxy resin and polyvinyl alcohol Resins.

The binder resin contained in the charge generation layer is preferably at most 80% by weight, more preferably at most 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the charge generation layer. The thickness of the charge generation layer is preferably 5 μm or less, more preferably 0.01 to
1 μm.

The charge transport layer is a polycyclic aromatic compound having a structure such as biphenylene, anthracene, pyrene or phenanthrene in the main chain or side chain: a nitrogen-containing ring compound such as indole, carbazole, oxadiazole and pyrazoline; a hydrazone compound A coating liquid in which a charge transport material such as a styryl compound is dissolved in a binder resin, and dried.

Examples of the binder resin include polyarylate, polysulfone, polyamide, acrylic resin, acrylonitrile resin, methacrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, polyester resin, alkyd resin, polycarbonate resin, Polyurethanes or copolymers thereof, for example, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-maleic acid copolymer and the like can be mentioned. In addition to such an insulating polymer, an organic photoconductive polymer such as polyvinyl carbazole, polyvinyl anthracene, and polyvinyl pyrene can be used.

The charge transporting material is used in a wide range of 10 to 500 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
Further, the thickness of the charge transport layer is preferably 5 to 40 μm,
More preferably, it is 10 to 30 μm. When the photosensitive layer is a single layer type, the photosensitive layer may be formed by applying a solution in which the above-described charge generation material and charge transport material are dispersed and dissolved in the above-described binder resin on a support, and drying the solution. it can.

In the present invention, an undercoat layer having a barrier function and an adhesive function may be provided between the support and the photosensitive layer. As the material of the undercoat layer, for example, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, nitrocellulose, ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, alcohol-soluble amide, polyamide,
Examples include polyurethane, casein, glue and gelatin. The undercoat layer can be formed by applying a solution obtained by dissolving these materials in a suitable solvent on a support and drying the solution. The thickness is preferably 5 μm or less,
More preferably, it is 0.2 μm to 3 μm.

When the exposure light is a laser light, it is preferable to provide a conductive layer between the undercoat layer and the support to prevent interference fringes. The conductive layer can be formed by applying a dispersion obtained by dispersing a conductive powder such as carbon black and metal particles in a binder resin on a support and drying the dispersion. The thickness of the conductive layer is preferably from 5 to 40 μm, more preferably from 5 to 30 μm.

The various layers described above are formed by a suitable organic solvent by a coating method such as dip coating, spray coating, beam coating, spinner coating, roller coating, Meyer bar coating, and blade coating. can do.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus using a process cartridge having an electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a drum-shaped electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, which is rotated around an axis 2 at a predetermined peripheral speed in a direction indicated by an arrow. The photoreceptor 1 rotates during the rotation process.
The peripheral surface is uniformly charged at a predetermined positive or negative potential by the primary charging means 3, and then, the time-series electricity of target image information output from exposure means (not shown) such as slit exposure or laser beam scanning exposure. The exposure light 4 which has been enhanced and modulated according to the digital image signal is received. Thus, an electrostatic latent image corresponding to the target image information is sequentially formed on the peripheral surface of the photoconductor 1.

The formed electrostatic latent image is then transferred to developing means 5
Is transferred to the transfer material 7 taken out of the paper supply unit (not shown) between the photoreceptor 1 and the transfer unit 6 in synchronization with the rotation of the photoreceptor 1 and fed. The formed and carried toner images are sequentially transferred by the transfer means 6.

The transfer material 7 to which the toner image has been transferred is separated from the surface of the photoreceptor, introduced into the image fixing means 8 and subjected to image fixing to be printed out as an image formed product (print, copy) outside the apparatus. You.

After the transfer of the image, the surface of the photoreceptor 1 is cleaned by removing the untransferred toner by the cleaning means 9, and is further cleaned by a pre-exposure light 10 from a pre-exposure means (not shown).
Is used for image formation repeatedly after the charge removal processing. When the primary charging unit 3 is a contact charging unit using a charging roller or the like, the pre-exposure is not necessarily required.

In the present invention, among the above-mentioned components such as the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1, the primary charging means 3, the developing means 5 and the cleaning means 9, a plurality of components are housed in a container 11 and integrally combined as a process cartridge. The process cartridge may be configured to be detachable from an electrophotographic apparatus main body such as a copying machine or a laser beam printer. For example, at least one of the primary charging unit 3, the developing unit 5, and the cleaning unit 9 is integrally supported together with the photoreceptor 1 to form a cartridge, and is detachably attached to the apparatus main body using a guide unit 12 such as a rail of the apparatus main body. It can be a process cartridge.

When the electrophotographic apparatus is a copying machine or a printer, the exposure light 4 is reflected light or transmitted light from the original, or the original is read by a sensor, converted into a signal, and a laser beam is emitted in accordance with the signal. Beam scanning, LED
Light emitted by driving the array, driving the liquid crystal shutter array, and the like.

The electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention can be used not only for an electrophotographic copying machine but also for a laser beam printer,
It can be widely used in electrophotographic applications such as CRT printers, LED printers, faxes, liquid crystal printers, and laser plate making.

[0052]

The present invention will be described below in more detail with reference to specific examples. In addition, "part" in an Example shows a weight part.

(Example 1) 30 mmφ, length 254 mm
Was used as a support. A solution composed of the following materials was applied on the support by dipping, and 14
By heating at 0 ° C. for 30 minutes, a conductive layer having a thickness of 15 μm was formed.

Conductive pigment: 10 parts of titanium oxide coated titanium oxide Resistance pigment: 10 parts of titanium oxide Binder resin: 10 parts of phenol resin Leveling agent: 0.001 part of silicone oil Solvent: methanol / methyl cellosolve (1/1) ) 20 copies

Next, an alcohol-soluble polyamide resin (trade name: Amilan CM-8000, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.)
0 parts and 30 parts of methoxymethylated 6 nylon resin (trade name: Toresin EF-30T, manufactured by Teikoku Science Co., Ltd.) were dissolved in a mixed solvent of 150 parts of methanol / 150 parts of butanol. This solution is applied on the conductive layer by a dipping method,
The film thickness is 0.5 μm by drying at 10 ° C. for 10 minutes.
Was formed.

Next, CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction Bragg angles (2θ ± 0.2 °) of 9.0 °, 14.2 °, 23.9 °
4 parts of oxytitanium phthalocyanine having strong peaks at 0 ° and 27.1 °, 2 parts of polyvinyl butyral (trade name: Eslec BM-2, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.), and 80 parts of cyclohexanone, a sand mill using 1 mmφ glass beads. For 4 hours, and then 115 parts of methyl ethyl ketone was added. This solution is applied on the undercoat layer by an immersion method, and dried to have a thickness of 0.3 μm.
Was formed.

Next, a styryl compound 8 represented by the following formula:
Department

[0058]

Embedded image And polycarbonate resin (trade name: Iupilon Z-4)
00, manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in a mixed solvent of 30 parts of monochlorobenzene / 30 parts of dichloromethane. This solution is applied on the charge generation layer by a dipping method,
By drying at 10 ° C. for 1 hour, a charge transport layer having a thickness of 18 μm was formed.

Next, a preparation solution for the protective layer was prepared by the following procedure. Antimony-containing tin oxide fine particles having an average particle size of 0.02 μm (trade name: T-1, Mitsubishi Materials Corporation)
100 parts, (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)
30 parts and 9 of trimethoxysilane (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.)
A solution obtained by mixing a solution obtained by mixing 300 parts of a 5% ethanol-5% aqueous solution for 1 hour with a milling device is filtered, washed with ethanol, dried, and heated at 120 ° C. for 1 hour to surface-treat the tin oxide fine particles. did.

Next, the type shown in Table 3 as a binder resin,
Amount of curable acrylic monomer and reactive acrylic siloxane monomer, 0.5 part of 2-methylthioxanthone as a photopolymerization initiator, 35 parts of the surface-treated antimony-containing tin oxide particles, and 300 parts of ethanol were mixed. 25 parts of ethylene tetrafluoride resin particles (trade name: Lubron L-2, manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.) are mixed with the dispersion liquid dispersed by a sand mill for 96 hours, and dispersed by a sand mill for 8 hours to form a protective layer. Was obtained.

This dispersion was applied onto the charge transport layer by a dip coating method, dried, and then dried with a high-pressure mercury lamp.
By irradiating with ultraviolet light at a light intensity of mW / cm ² for 30 seconds, a protective layer having a thickness of 3 μm was formed, thereby producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member.

The prepared electrophotographic photoreceptor was heated at 23 ° C./48%
After leaving overnight in an RH environment, the potential was measured using a modified machine of a Canon-made laser beam printer LBP-EX. First, the developing device and the cleaner were removed, a potential sensor was attached at the position of the developing device, and a cartridge was prepared in which the photosensitive member was replaced with the above. Next, after removing the transfer roller from the printer body, the surface potential of the photoconductor after performing an electrophotographic process for printing five A4 sheets in the entire black image mode (entire light irradiation) is set to Vl. The primary potential was turned off while the irradiation was being performed, and the surface potential after the photosensitive member was rotated five times was defined as a residual potential (Vr). The primary charging was set so that the initial dark area potential was -700V.

Further, except that the photoreceptor was replaced with the above-mentioned one, durability of repeated use of 50,000 sheets was performed with normal LBP-EX, and the obtained image was visually observed. Further, Vl and Vr of the photoreceptor immediately after durability were measured in the same manner as described above. Table 4 shows the results.

The prepared electrophotographic photosensitive member was 32.2.
After leaving overnight in an environment of ° C./86% RH, it was mounted on a modified machine of the above-mentioned Canon laser beam printer LBP-EX, and the potential was measured. Furthermore, with normal LBP-EX, 2
Endurance after repeated use of 000 sheets was performed, and the obtained image was visually observed. Further, Vl and Vr of the photoreceptor immediately after durability were measured in the same manner as described above. Table 5 shows the results.

(Examples 2 to 8) An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the types and amounts of the curable acrylic monomer and the reactive acrylic siloxane monomer were mixed according to Table 3. An evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.

Comparative Example 1 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that no reactive siloxane monomer was contained. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.

Comparative Example 2 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the acryloyl group of the reactive siloxane monomer was changed to a methyl group. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.

Comparative Example 3 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the curable acrylic monomer was replaced with a polycarbonate resin. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.

Comparative Example 4 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the surface protective layer was not formed. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.

[0070]

[Table 6]

[0071]

[Table 7]

[0072]

[Table 8] ◎, △, △, ×, XX indicate the rank of the degree of blur and flow of the image, ◎ indicates the best, ○, △, ×, xx, and xx the worst. ◎ to ：: No problem, Δ to XX: Blur, flow indicates a problem.

[0073]

As described above, according to the present invention, high durability,
An electrophotographic photoreceptor that has a long life and is free from image defects such as black stripes, black spots due to scratches and white spots due to filming through repeated use, and is capable of obtaining high-quality images without blur or flow even in a high humidity environment. A process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having an electrophotographic photosensitive member can be provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus using a process cartridge having an electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 photoconductor 2 shaft 3 charging means 4 exposure light 5 developing means 6 transfer means 7 transfer material 8 fixing means 9 cleaning means 10 pre-exposure light 11 process cartridge container 12 guide means

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Koichi Nakata 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Inside Canon Inc. (72) Inventor Kumiko Asano 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Canon F term in the company (reference) 2H068 AA03 AA05 AA06 AA21 BB07 BB08 BB31 BB57 CA29 CA37 FA27

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer and a protective layer in this order on a conductive support, wherein the protective layer has at least a curable acrylic monomer or oligomer having no siloxane skeleton and a reactive acrylic siloxane monomer. Or an electrophotographic photosensitive member containing a resin formed by polymerizing an oligomer. 2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the reactive acrylic siloxane monomer or oligomer is a compound represented by the following general formula (1). Embedded image (Wherein, R ¹ is a methyl group, R ² is —OCH ₂ — or —O—
(CH ₂ ) _3- , R ³ is an acryloyl group or a methacryloyl group, and n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 8) 3. The reactive acrylic siloxane monomer.
Or a compound wherein the oligomer is represented by the following general formula (2)
The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein Embedded image(Where R¹Is a methyl group, R^TwoIs -OCH_Two-Or -O-
(CH_Two)_Three-, R^ThreeAnd R ^FourIs an acryloyl group or
A liroyl group, and n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 8) 4. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 1, wherein the protective layer contains conductive particles. 5. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 4, wherein said conductive particles are a metal oxide. 6. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 4, wherein the conductive particles have been subjected to a water-repellent treatment. 7. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the protective layer contains fluorine atom-containing resin particles. 8. An electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, a charging means for charging the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a developing device for developing the electrophotographic photosensitive member on which an electrostatic latent image is formed with toner. Means and at least one means selected from the group consisting of a cleaning means for recovering the toner remaining on the photoreceptor after the transfer step, and are integrally supported and detachable from the main body of the electrophotographic apparatus. Process cartridge. 9. An electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, a charging means for charging said electrophotographic photoreceptor, and exposing the charged electrophotographic photoreceptor to form an electrostatic latent image. An electrophotographic apparatus comprising: an exposure unit; a developing unit that develops an electrophotographic photosensitive member on which an electrostatic latent image is formed with toner; and a transfer unit that transfers a toner image on the electrophotographic photosensitive member to a transfer material. .