JP2000257446A - 冷却空気流圧縮機装置、タービン・エンジン及び冷却空気流を減らす方法 - Google Patents

冷却空気流圧縮機装置、タービン・エンジン及び冷却空気流を減らす方法

Info

Publication number
JP2000257446A
JP2000257446A JP2000055148A JP2000055148A JP2000257446A JP 2000257446 A JP2000257446 A JP 2000257446A JP 2000055148 A JP2000055148 A JP 2000055148A JP 2000055148 A JP2000055148 A JP 2000055148A JP 2000257446 A JP2000257446 A JP 2000257446A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
compressor
flow
cooling air
turbine
passage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
JP2000055148A
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2000257446A5 (fr
Inventor
Robert Joseph Orlando
ロバート・ジョセフ・オーランドー
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Publication of JP2000257446A publication Critical patent/JP2000257446A/ja
Publication of JP2000257446A5 publication Critical patent/JP2000257446A5/ja
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
    • F02C7/16—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium
    • F02C7/18—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium the medium being gaseous, e.g. air
    • F02C7/185—Cooling means for reducing the temperature of the cooling air or gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00—Stators
    • F01D9/06—Fluid supply conduits to nozzles or the like
    • F01D9/065—Fluid supply or removal conduits traversing the working fluid flow, e.g. for lubrication-, cooling-, or sealing fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor
    • F02C3/13—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor having variable working fluid interconnections between turbines or compressors or stages of different rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
    • F02C7/16—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium
    • F02C7/18—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium the medium being gaseous, e.g. air
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
JP2000055148A 1999-03-02 2000-03-01 冷却空気流圧縮機装置、タービン・エンジン及び冷却空気流を減らす方法 Withdrawn JP2000257446A (ja)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/260296 1999-03-02
US09/260,296 US6250061B1 (en) 1999-03-02 1999-03-02 Compressor system and methods for reducing cooling airflow

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2000257446A true JP2000257446A (ja) 2000-09-19
JP2000257446A5 JP2000257446A5 (fr) 2007-04-19

Family

ID=22988600

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2000055148A Withdrawn JP2000257446A (ja) 1999-03-02 2000-03-01 冷却空気流圧縮機装置、タービン・エンジン及び冷却空気流を減らす方法

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6250061B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1033484B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2000257446A (fr)
CN (1) CN1280531C (fr)
CA (1) CA2299148C (fr)
DE (1) DE60032042T2 (fr)
RU (1) RU2000105220A (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006083856A (ja) * 2004-09-15 2006-03-30 General Electric Co <Ge> 改善されたコアシステムを有するガスタービンエンジン
JP2006083857A (ja) * 2004-09-15 2006-03-30 General Electric Co <Ge> 改善されたコアシステムを備えた高推力ガスタービンエンジン
JP2015031282A (ja) * 2013-07-31 2015-02-16 ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ 熱伝達アセンブリおよびその組み付け方法
JP2017120082A (ja) * 2015-12-29 2017-07-06 ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ 圧縮機およびタービンの冷却のための方法およびシステム
WO2017188040A1 (fr) * 2016-04-25 2017-11-02 三菱重工業株式会社 Turbine à gaz
JP2017201167A (ja) * 2016-05-03 2017-11-09 ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ ガスタービンエンジンの部品を冷却するためのシステム及び方法
JP2018096329A (ja) * 2016-12-15 2018-06-21 三菱重工業株式会社 回転機械

Families Citing this family (83)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6354072B1 (en) 1999-12-10 2002-03-12 General Electric Company Methods and apparatus for decreasing combustor emissions
US6468032B2 (en) * 2000-12-18 2002-10-22 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Further cooling of pre-swirl flow entering cooled rotor aerofoils
US6591613B2 (en) 2001-03-15 2003-07-15 General Electric Co. Methods for operating gas turbine engines
US6647730B2 (en) 2001-10-31 2003-11-18 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Turbine engine having turbine cooled with diverted compressor intermediate pressure air
US6644009B2 (en) 2001-12-20 2003-11-11 General Electric Co. Methods and apparatus for operating gas turbine engines
EP1389668A1 (fr) * 2002-08-16 2004-02-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Turbine à gaz
FR2858358B1 (fr) * 2003-07-28 2005-09-23 Snecma Moteurs Procede de refroidissement, par air refroidi en partie dans un echangeur externe, des parties chaudes d'un turboreacteur, et turboreacteur ainsi refroidi
US6968696B2 (en) * 2003-09-04 2005-11-29 Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation Part load blade tip clearance control
US7096673B2 (en) * 2003-10-08 2006-08-29 Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation Blade tip clearance control
US7013636B2 (en) * 2004-04-22 2006-03-21 The Boeing Company System and method for controlling the temperature and infrared signature of an engine
GB2413366B (en) * 2004-04-24 2006-09-13 Rolls Royce Plc Engine.
US7269955B2 (en) * 2004-08-25 2007-09-18 General Electric Company Methods and apparatus for maintaining rotor assembly tip clearances
US7987660B2 (en) * 2005-06-10 2011-08-02 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Gas turbine, method of controlling air supply and computer program product for controlling air supply
US7448850B2 (en) * 2006-04-07 2008-11-11 General Electric Company Closed loop, steam cooled turbine shroud
US7823389B2 (en) * 2006-11-15 2010-11-02 General Electric Company Compound clearance control engine
US8495883B2 (en) * 2007-04-05 2013-07-30 Siemens Energy, Inc. Cooling of turbine components using combustor shell air
US8408866B2 (en) 2008-11-17 2013-04-02 Rolls-Royce Corporation Apparatus and method for cooling a turbine airfoil arrangement in a gas turbine engine
US8100632B2 (en) * 2008-12-03 2012-01-24 General Electric Company Cooling system for a turbomachine
US8281601B2 (en) * 2009-03-20 2012-10-09 General Electric Company Systems and methods for reintroducing gas turbine combustion bypass flow
US8910465B2 (en) * 2009-12-31 2014-12-16 Rolls-Royce North American Technologies, Inc. Gas turbine engine and heat exchange system
FR2955617B1 (fr) * 2010-01-26 2012-10-26 Airbus Operations Sas Propulseur a turbomachine pour aeronef
US10337404B2 (en) * 2010-03-08 2019-07-02 General Electric Company Preferential cooling of gas turbine nozzles
US8256229B2 (en) 2010-04-09 2012-09-04 United Technologies Corporation Rear hub cooling for high pressure compressor
US9470153B2 (en) 2011-10-05 2016-10-18 United Technologies Corporation Combined pump system for engine TMS AOC reduction and ECS loss elimination
US9038398B2 (en) 2012-02-27 2015-05-26 United Technologies Corporation Gas turbine engine buffer cooling system
US9347374B2 (en) 2012-02-27 2016-05-24 United Technologies Corporation Gas turbine engine buffer cooling system
US9435259B2 (en) 2012-02-27 2016-09-06 United Technologies Corporation Gas turbine engine cooling system
US9157325B2 (en) * 2012-02-27 2015-10-13 United Technologies Corporation Buffer cooling system providing gas turbine engine architecture cooling
US9394803B2 (en) 2012-03-14 2016-07-19 United Technologies Corporation Bypass air-pump system within the core engine to provide air for an environmental control system in a gas turbine engine
US9151224B2 (en) 2012-03-14 2015-10-06 United Technologies Corporation Constant-speed pump system for engine thermal management system AOC reduction and environmental control system loss elimination
US9121346B2 (en) 2012-03-14 2015-09-01 United Technologies Corporation Pump system for TMS AOC reduction
DE102012208263A1 (de) * 2012-05-16 2013-11-21 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg Verdichtervorrichtung für eine Turbomaschine
US9670797B2 (en) 2012-09-28 2017-06-06 United Technologies Corporation Modulated turbine vane cooling
US10337406B2 (en) * 2013-02-28 2019-07-02 United Technologies Corporation Method and apparatus for handling pre-diffuser flow for cooling high pressure turbine components
EP3022421B1 (fr) * 2013-07-17 2020-03-04 United Technologies Corporation Turbine à gaz comprenant une conduite pour air de refroidissement
EP3044430B1 (fr) * 2013-09-12 2020-03-25 Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. Moteur de turbine à gaz industriel
US20150159555A1 (en) * 2013-12-10 2015-06-11 Chad W. Heinrich Internal heating using turbine air supply
FR3025835B1 (fr) * 2014-09-16 2020-08-14 Snecma Systeme de circulation d'air de refroidissement d'aubes de turbine de turbomachine
US20170321606A1 (en) * 2014-11-07 2017-11-09 General Electric Company Airflow manipulation device for compressor
CN104632407B (zh) * 2015-01-30 2019-10-01 北京华清燃气轮机与煤气化联合循环工程技术有限公司 一种燃气轮机燃压缸结构
US9932940B2 (en) * 2015-03-30 2018-04-03 Honeywell International Inc. Gas turbine engine fuel cooled cooling air heat exchanger
US10087801B2 (en) 2015-06-29 2018-10-02 General Electric Company Power generation system exhaust cooling
US9840953B2 (en) 2015-06-29 2017-12-12 General Electric Company Power generation system exhaust cooling
US10030558B2 (en) 2015-06-29 2018-07-24 General Electric Company Power generation system exhaust cooling
US9752502B2 (en) 2015-06-29 2017-09-05 General Electric Company Power generation system exhaust cooling
US10215070B2 (en) * 2015-06-29 2019-02-26 General Electric Company Power generation system exhaust cooling
US9850794B2 (en) 2015-06-29 2017-12-26 General Electric Company Power generation system exhaust cooling
US9938874B2 (en) 2015-06-29 2018-04-10 General Electric Company Power generation system exhaust cooling
US10060316B2 (en) 2015-06-29 2018-08-28 General Electric Company Power generation system exhaust cooling
US9850818B2 (en) 2015-06-29 2017-12-26 General Electric Company Power generation system exhaust cooling
US9752503B2 (en) 2015-06-29 2017-09-05 General Electric Company Power generation system exhaust cooling
US10077694B2 (en) 2015-06-29 2018-09-18 General Electric Company Power generation system exhaust cooling
US9856768B2 (en) 2015-06-29 2018-01-02 General Electric Company Power generation system exhaust cooling
US10208668B2 (en) 2015-09-30 2019-02-19 Rolls-Royce Corporation Turbine engine advanced cooling system
US10072573B2 (en) * 2015-12-15 2018-09-11 General Electric Company Power plant including an ejector and steam generating system via turbine extraction
US9964035B2 (en) * 2015-12-15 2018-05-08 General Electric Company Power plant including exhaust gas coolant injection system and steam generating system via turbine extraction
US9874143B2 (en) * 2015-12-15 2018-01-23 General Electric Company System for generating steam and for providing cooled combustion gas to a secondary gas turbine combustor
US9970354B2 (en) * 2015-12-15 2018-05-15 General Electric Company Power plant including an ejector and steam generating system via turbine extraction and compressor extraction
US9890710B2 (en) * 2015-12-15 2018-02-13 General Electric Company Power plant with steam generation via combustor gas extraction
US9976479B2 (en) * 2015-12-15 2018-05-22 General Electric Company Power plant including a static mixer and steam generating system via turbine extraction and compressor extraction
US10024271B2 (en) * 2016-01-22 2018-07-17 United Technologies Corporation Methods and systems for cooling airflow
US20170234218A1 (en) * 2016-02-16 2017-08-17 Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. Turbine Stator Vane with Multiple Outer Diameter Pressure Feeds
US10316759B2 (en) 2016-05-31 2019-06-11 General Electric Company Power generation system exhaust cooling
US10494949B2 (en) * 2016-08-05 2019-12-03 General Electric Company Oil cooling systems for a gas turbine engine
FR3055355B1 (fr) * 2016-08-30 2020-06-19 Safran Aircraft Engines Dispositif et procede de reglage de jeux entre un rotor et un stator concentrique d'une turbomachine
CN106801646A (zh) * 2017-03-23 2017-06-06 重庆大学 一种新型燃气轮机及提高燃气透平进口温度的方法
US10669893B2 (en) * 2017-05-25 2020-06-02 General Electric Company Air bearing and thermal management nozzle arrangement for interdigitated turbine engine
WO2018222192A1 (fr) * 2017-06-01 2018-12-06 Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. Moteur à turbine à gaz industriel à double corps à rapport de pression élevé avec compresseur à corps à double flux élevé
US10495001B2 (en) * 2017-06-15 2019-12-03 General Electric Company Combustion section heat transfer system for a propulsion system
US11603852B2 (en) 2018-01-19 2023-03-14 General Electric Company Compressor bleed port structure
FR3077604B1 (fr) * 2018-02-02 2020-02-07 Liebherr-Aerospace Toulouse Sas Systeme de refroidissement d'air moteur a deux etages de refroidissement et comprenant au moins un echangeur cylindrique
US11092024B2 (en) * 2018-10-09 2021-08-17 General Electric Company Heat pipe in turbine engine
US11066999B2 (en) * 2019-01-16 2021-07-20 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Fuel cooled cooling air
FR3093356B1 (fr) 2019-03-01 2021-02-12 Liebherr Aerospace Toulouse Sas Échangeur de refroidissement d’un air primaire chaud par un air secondaire froid et système de conditionnement d’air équipé d’un tel échangeur
US10927761B2 (en) 2019-04-17 2021-02-23 General Electric Company Refreshing heat management fluid in a turbomachine
US11359503B2 (en) * 2019-10-04 2022-06-14 Aytheon Technologies Corporation Engine with cooling passage circuit extending through blade, seal, and ceramic vane
CN112901341B (zh) * 2019-12-04 2022-03-11 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 涡轮发动机
CN112228226A (zh) * 2020-10-16 2021-01-15 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 一种航空发动机涡轮转子冷却热管理系统
US11428160B2 (en) 2020-12-31 2022-08-30 General Electric Company Gas turbine engine with interdigitated turbine and gear assembly
FR3127989A1 (fr) * 2021-10-13 2023-04-14 Airbus Ensemble propulsif pour aéronef
US11702981B1 (en) * 2022-04-20 2023-07-18 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Turbine engine bleed waste heat recovery
US20240102417A1 (en) * 2022-09-23 2024-03-28 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Air recuperated engine with air reinjection
CN115573815A (zh) * 2022-10-09 2023-01-06 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 一种利用航空发动机引气射流引射的换热装置

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2656657A1 (fr) * 1989-12-28 1991-07-05 Snecma Turbomachine refroidie par air et procede de refroidissement de cette turbomachine.
US5255505A (en) * 1992-02-21 1993-10-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp. System for capturing heat transferred from compressed cooling air in a gas turbine
US5452573A (en) * 1994-01-31 1995-09-26 United Technologies Corporation High pressure air source for aircraft and engine requirements
US5782076A (en) * 1996-05-17 1998-07-21 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Closed loop air cooling system for combustion turbines
WO1997049902A1 (fr) * 1996-06-24 1997-12-31 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Compresseur auxiliaire embarque pour l'alimentation en air de refroidissement de turbines a combustion

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006083856A (ja) * 2004-09-15 2006-03-30 General Electric Co <Ge> 改善されたコアシステムを有するガスタービンエンジン
JP2006083857A (ja) * 2004-09-15 2006-03-30 General Electric Co <Ge> 改善されたコアシステムを備えた高推力ガスタービンエンジン
JP2015031282A (ja) * 2013-07-31 2015-02-16 ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ 熱伝達アセンブリおよびその組み付け方法
JP2017120082A (ja) * 2015-12-29 2017-07-06 ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ 圧縮機およびタービンの冷却のための方法およびシステム
WO2017188040A1 (fr) * 2016-04-25 2017-11-02 三菱重工業株式会社 Turbine à gaz
US11168613B2 (en) 2016-04-25 2021-11-09 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Gas turbine cooling arrangement with cooling manifold guides
JP2017201167A (ja) * 2016-05-03 2017-11-09 ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ ガスタービンエンジンの部品を冷却するためのシステム及び方法
JP2018096329A (ja) * 2016-12-15 2018-06-21 三菱重工業株式会社 回転機械

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2299148A1 (fr) 2000-09-02
DE60032042T2 (de) 2007-06-21
RU2000105220A (ru) 2002-01-20
CA2299148C (fr) 2005-02-08
EP1033484A2 (fr) 2000-09-06
US6250061B1 (en) 2001-06-26
DE60032042D1 (de) 2007-01-11
CN1265448A (zh) 2000-09-06
CN1280531C (zh) 2006-10-18
EP1033484A3 (fr) 2002-04-17
EP1033484B1 (fr) 2006-11-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP2000257446A (ja) 冷却空気流圧縮機装置、タービン・エンジン及び冷却空気流を減らす方法
US5317877A (en) Intercooled turbine blade cooling air feed system
RU2447302C2 (ru) Двигатель с компаундным охлаждением турбины
US6050080A (en) Extracted, cooled, compressed/intercooled, cooling/ combustion air for a gas turbine engine
RU2453710C2 (ru) Газотурбинный двигатель, а также способ охлаждения сопловых лопаток
US5394687A (en) Gas turbine vane cooling system
JP2017101671A (ja) ガスタービンエンジンの中間冷却システムおよび方法
CN110185501B (zh) 带具有冷却入口的导叶的燃气涡轮发动机
JPH04232337A (ja) 航空機エンジンの後方流入冷却装置および方法
US11624317B2 (en) Supercritical fluid systems
JPH0650176A (ja) ガスタービンエンジンの冷却装置
JPH06294329A (ja) 冷却システム
JP2012145116A (ja) 中間冷却タービンエンジン
JP2008121672A (ja) 二重段間冷却エンジン
US10830144B2 (en) Gas turbine engine compressor impeller cooling air sinks
CA3009739A1 (fr) Profil dynamique a refroidissement de rail d&#39;extremite
US11629647B2 (en) Supercritical CO2 cycle and integrated auxiliary power for gas turbine engines
RU2707105C2 (ru) Турбореактивный двухконтурный двигатель
CA2453634C (fr) Dispositif recuperateur de turbine
US11428162B2 (en) Supercritical CO2 cycle for gas turbine engines using powered cooling flow
US20240026801A1 (en) Rotor cooling system for shutdown
US9068507B2 (en) Compressor having purge circuit and method of purging
KR20220037186A (ko) 터빈 베인 및 이를 포함하는 터빈
CN116892450A (zh) 用于燃气涡轮发动机的热管理系统
JP2001193481A (ja) ガスタービン及びその熱回収方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20070301

A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20070301

A761 Written withdrawal of application

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A761

Effective date: 20090218