JP2000254446A - Iodine removing filter carrying silver and iodine removing device - Google Patents
Iodine removing filter carrying silver and iodine removing deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000254446A JP2000254446A JP11059830A JP5983099A JP2000254446A JP 2000254446 A JP2000254446 A JP 2000254446A JP 11059830 A JP11059830 A JP 11059830A JP 5983099 A JP5983099 A JP 5983099A JP 2000254446 A JP2000254446 A JP 2000254446A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- iodine
- polymer
- silver
- functional group
- group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、空気中のヨウ素又
は液中のヨウ素を除去するヨウ素除去フィルタ及びヨウ
素除去装置に関し、特に、原子力発電所及び使用済み核
燃料再処理設備等の原子力施設から放出される129Ｉや
131Ｉを効果的に除去するのに好適なヨウ素除去フィル
タ及びヨウ素除去装置に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an iodine removing filter and an iodine removing device for removing iodine in air or iodine in a liquid, and more particularly, to an iodine removal filter for a nuclear power plant and a spent nuclear fuel reprocessing facility. 129 I and
The present invention relates to an iodine removing filter and an iodine removing device suitable for effectively removing 131 I.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】原子力発電所、特に原子炉の排気系にお
いて、核燃料棒にピンホール等の破損があると、129Ｉ
や131Ｉの核分裂生成物が排出される。このうち、129Ｉ
は半減期が１０7年と極めて長いが、排出量が少量で且
つエネルギーも低いという特徴がある。一方、131Ｉは
半減期が８日と短いが、排出量が多く、エネルギーが高
いという特徴を有している。したがって、原子炉の排気
系において最も危険な核分裂生成物核種は、131Ｉで、
原子力施設における測定評価の対象となっている。2. Description of the Related Art In a nuclear power plant, particularly in an exhaust system of a nuclear reactor, if a nuclear fuel rod is damaged by pinholes or the like, 129 I
And 131 I fission products are discharged. Of which, 129 I
Has an extremely long half-life of 10 7 years, but is characterized by low emissions and low energy. On the other hand, 131 I has a short half-life of 8 days, but is characterized by high emissions and high energy. Therefore, the most dangerous fission product nuclide in the reactor exhaust system is 131 I,
It is subject to measurement and evaluation at nuclear facilities.
【０００３】また、使用済み核燃料再処理設備において
は、原子炉施設から使用済みの核燃料が運び込まれるま
でには長い日時が経過しており、半減期の短い131Ｉは
減衰して殆ど存在しないが、半減期の長い129Ｉは多量
に存在する。In a spent nuclear fuel reprocessing facility, a long date and time have passed before spent nuclear fuel is carried from a nuclear reactor facility, and 131 I having a short half-life is attenuated and hardly exists. 129 I, which has a long half-life, is present in large amounts.
【０００４】従来、原子炉施設から排出される131Ｉを
除去するためには、ヨウ化カリウム（ＫＩ）を添着した
添着活性炭を大量に使用して、放射性ヨウ素である131
Ｉを非放射性のヨウ素と同位体交換することによって捕
集している。また、核燃料再処理設備においては、多量
に発生する放射性ヨウ素である129Ｉを捕集するため
に、銀ゼオライト（ＡｇＸ，ＡｇＺ）を使用している。Conventionally, in order to remove 131 I discharged from the reactor facility, using a large amount of impregnated charcoal was impregnated with potassium iodide (KI), a radioactive iodine 131
I is collected by isotopic exchange of non-radioactive iodine. In the nuclear fuel reprocessing plant, silver zeolite (AgX, AgZ) is used to collect 129 I, which is a large amount of radioactive iodine.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、上記に
示すヨウ化カリウムを添着した添着活性炭を使用する方
法は、大量の活性炭を必要とするためにコストが高くな
ると同時に、使用した後の活性炭の処理が問題となる。
また、銀ゼオライトを使用する方法は、銀ゼオライトが
高価であると同時に、脱水や１５０℃での加熱が必要な
ことなど、プロセスが複雑で、且つ放射性ヨウ素の除去
率が満足できるものではなかった。However, the above-mentioned method of using the activated carbon impregnated with potassium iodide requires a large amount of activated carbon, which increases the cost, and at the same time, treats the activated carbon after use. Is a problem.
In addition, the method using silver zeolite has a complicated process, such as the need for dehydration and heating at 150 ° C., at the same time that silver zeolite is expensive, and the removal rate of radioactive iodine was not satisfactory. .
【０００６】本発明は上記の問題点を解決すべく完成さ
れたもので、原子力発電所や使用済み核燃料再処理設備
等において発生する放射性ヨウ素（129Ｉ、131Ｉ）を、
確実に捕集することができるヨウ素除去フィルタ及び該
ヨウ素除去フィルタを用いたヨウ素除去装置を提供する
ものである。[0006] The present invention has been completed to solve the above problems, and radioactive iodine ( 129 I, 131 I) generated in a nuclear power plant, a spent nuclear fuel reprocessing facility, and the like,
It is an object of the present invention to provide an iodine removing filter capable of reliably collecting iodine and an iodine removing device using the iodine removing filter.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、ヨウ素を吸着
除去する高分子素材を具備するヨウ素除去フィルタであ
って、前記高分子素材は、高分子基材の主鎖上に、銀を
担持させることのできる官能基を有する重合体側鎖を有
し、該官能基に銀が担持されていることを特徴とする、
ヨウ素除去フィルタに関する。The present invention is directed to an iodine removal filter comprising a polymer material for adsorbing and removing iodine, wherein the polymer material has silver supported on a main chain of a polymer substrate. It has a polymer side chain having a functional group that can be made to function, characterized in that silver is supported on the functional group,
It relates to an iodine removal filter.
【０００８】銀がヨウ素を容易に吸着することは当該技
術において周知であり、上記のように、銀ゼオライトを
ヨウ素吸着剤として用いる手法などに応用されている。
しかしながら、銀を高分子基材に担持させて、ヨウ素吸
着材料を提供するという考えは、本発明者らの知る限り
においてこれまで存在しなかった。[0008] It is well known in the art that silver readily adsorbs iodine, and as described above, it has been applied to a technique using silver zeolite as an iodine adsorbent.
However, the idea of providing silver on a polymer substrate to provide an iodine-adsorbing material has not existed so far as far as the present inventors know.
【０００９】一般に、有機高分子よりなる吸着剤は、高
分子主鎖に吸着機能を有する官能基を導入して吸着機能
を持たせると共に、この官能基の導入によって生じる物
理的強度の劣化を補うために主鎖同士を架橋している。
この代表的なものはイオン交換樹脂である。イオン交換
樹脂においては、一般にスチレンモノマーを重合したポ
リスチレン主鎖に、スルホン基や４級アンモニウム基な
どのイオン交換基が導入されている。しかしながら、こ
れらのイオン交換基は親水基であり、周辺に水分子を数
個配位して嵩張っているために、このままでは樹脂の物
理的強度が十分でなく、水にも溶解してしまう。イオン
交換樹脂においては、この問題を解決するために、ジビ
ニルベンゼンなどの架橋剤を加えてポリスチレン主鎖同
士を架橋させている。これによって、樹脂の物理的強度
が増し、水への溶解もなくなるが、その反面、架橋構造
が形成されることによって、吸着速度や拡散速度等の吸
着分離機能が低下するという問題が生じる。In general, an adsorbent made of an organic polymer introduces a functional group having an adsorbing function into a polymer main chain to provide an adsorbing function, and compensates for deterioration in physical strength caused by the introduction of the functional group. Therefore, the main chains are cross-linked.
This representative is an ion exchange resin. In an ion exchange resin, an ion exchange group such as a sulfone group or a quaternary ammonium group is generally introduced into a polystyrene main chain obtained by polymerizing a styrene monomer. However, these ion-exchange groups are hydrophilic groups, and because several water molecules are coordinated and bulky in the periphery, the physical strength of the resin is not sufficient as it is, and it dissolves in water. . In the ion exchange resin, in order to solve this problem, a crosslinking agent such as divinylbenzene is added to crosslink the polystyrene main chains. As a result, the physical strength of the resin increases, and the resin does not dissolve in water. On the other hand, the formation of a crosslinked structure causes a problem that the adsorption / separation functions such as the adsorption speed and the diffusion speed are reduced.
【００１０】本発明においては、高分子基材の高分子主
鎖上に、銀を担持させることのできる官能基を有する重
合体鎖の形態の側鎖を有しており、該官能基に銀が担持
されているので、高分子主鎖の物理的強度をそのまま保
持しながら、高いヨウ素吸着性能を基材に付与すること
が可能なことを見出した。また、本発明に係るフィルタ
材料は、高分子主鎖において架橋構造を有していないの
で、吸着速度及び拡散速度がともに大きく保持される。
本発明に係るフィルタを構成する高分子材料において
は、主鎖が物理的強度の維持や形状の保持の役割を担
う。In the present invention, a side chain in the form of a polymer chain having a functional group capable of carrying silver is provided on the polymer main chain of the polymer base material, and the functional group has a silver chain. Has been found to be able to impart high iodine adsorption performance to the substrate while maintaining the physical strength of the polymer main chain as it is. In addition, since the filter material according to the present invention does not have a crosslinked structure in the polymer main chain, both the adsorption rate and the diffusion rate are kept high.
In the polymer material constituting the filter according to the present invention, the main chain plays a role of maintaining physical strength and maintaining shape.
【００１１】本発明に係るフィルタを構成する高分子材
料において、高分子主鎖上に、銀を担持させることので
きる官能基を有する重合体鎖の形態の側鎖を導入する手
段としては、グラフト重合法を用いることができる。中
でも、放射線グラフト重合法は、ポリマー基材に放射線
を照射してラジカルを生成させ、それにグラフトモノマ
ーを反応させることによって、所望のグラフト重合体側
鎖を基材に導入することのできる方法であり、グラフト
鎖の数や長さを比較的自由にコントロールすることがで
き、また、各種形状の既存の高分子材料に重合体側鎖を
導入することができるので、本発明の目的のために用い
るのに最適である。In the polymer material constituting the filter according to the present invention, as means for introducing a side chain in the form of a polymer chain having a functional group capable of carrying silver onto the polymer main chain, a graft is used. A polymerization method can be used. Among them, the radiation graft polymerization method is a method capable of introducing a desired graft polymer side chain into a base material by irradiating a polymer base material with radiation to generate a radical and reacting it with a graft monomer, The number and length of the graft chains can be controlled relatively freely, and polymer side chains can be introduced into existing polymer materials of various shapes, so that they can be used for the purpose of the present invention. Optimal.
【００１２】本発明において、銀を担持させることので
きる官能基を有する重合体鎖の形態の側鎖を導入する基
材として用いることができる材料としては、高分子素材
繊維やその集合体である織布や不織布を用いることがで
きる。織布／不織布基材は、放射線グラフト重合用の基
材として好適に用いることができ、既存のヨウ素除去装
置において使用されている粒状の充填剤と比べて表面積
が大きく、除去性能に優れている。また、軽量でフィル
タ状に加工することが容易であり、有害なガス成分ばか
りでなく、微粒子を除去することもできるので、フィル
タの材料として好適である。また、織布／不織布から製
造したフィルタは、従来用いられている活性炭や架橋構
造を有するイオン交換樹脂が、焼却処理が容易でないの
に比較して、使用済みのフィルタの取り扱いも簡単で、
容易に焼却処理することができる。In the present invention, the material which can be used as a base material for introducing a side chain in the form of a polymer chain having a functional group capable of carrying silver is a polymer material fiber or an aggregate thereof. Woven or nonwoven fabrics can be used. Woven / non-woven fabric substrates can be suitably used as a substrate for radiation graft polymerization, and have a larger surface area and superior removal performance as compared to granular fillers used in existing iodine removal equipment. . Further, since it is lightweight and easily processed into a filter shape and can remove not only harmful gas components but also fine particles, it is suitable as a filter material. Also, filters manufactured from woven / non-woven fabrics are easier to handle for used filters than conventional activated carbon and ion exchange resins with a cross-linked structure, which are not easy to incinerate.
It can be easily incinerated.
【００１３】本発明の目的のために好適に用いることの
できる放射線グラフト重合法において、用いることので
きる放射線としては、α線、β線、γ線、電子線、紫外
線などを挙げることができるが、本発明において用いる
のにはγ線や電子線が適している。放射線グラフト重合
法には、グラフト用基材に予め放射線を照射した後、重
合性単量体（グラフトモノマー）と接触させて反応させ
る前照射グラフト重合法と、基材とモノマーの共存下に
放射線を照射する同時照射グラフト重合法とがあるが、
いずれの方法も本発明において用いることができる。ま
た、モノマーと基材との接触方法により、モノマー溶液
に基材を浸漬させたまま重合を行う液相グラフト重合
法、モノマーの蒸気に基材を接触させて重合を行う気相
グラフト重合法、基材をモノマー溶液に浸漬した後、モ
ノマー溶液から取り出して気相中で反応を行わせる含浸
気相グラフト重合法などが挙げられるが、いずれの方法
も本発明において用いることができる。In the radiation graft polymerization method that can be suitably used for the purpose of the present invention, examples of the radiation that can be used include α-rays, β-rays, γ-rays, electron beams, and ultraviolet rays. Gamma rays and electron beams are suitable for use in the present invention. The radiation graft polymerization method includes a pre-irradiation graft polymerization method in which a base material for grafting is irradiated with radiation in advance and then brought into contact with a polymerizable monomer (graft monomer) to cause a reaction. There is a simultaneous irradiation graft polymerization method of irradiating
Either method can be used in the present invention. Further, by a contact method between the monomer and the substrate, a liquid phase graft polymerization method in which the polymerization is performed while the substrate is immersed in the monomer solution, a gas phase graft polymerization method in which the substrate is contacted with the vapor of the monomer to perform the polymerization, An immersion gas-phase graft polymerization method in which a substrate is immersed in a monomer solution, taken out of the monomer solution and reacted in a gas phase, and the like can be mentioned, and any of these methods can be used in the present invention.
【００１４】繊維や繊維の集合体である織布／不織布は
本発明のフィルタ基材として用いるのに最も適した素材
であるが、これはモノマー溶液を保持し易いので、含浸
気相グラフト重合法において用いるのに適している。A woven / non-woven fabric which is a fiber or an aggregate of fibers is the most suitable material to be used as the filter substrate of the present invention. Suitable for use in
【００１５】本発明において、銀を担持させることので
きる官能基の例としては、まず、スルホン基、カルボキ
シル基、リン酸基などのカチオン交換基を挙げることが
できる。これらのイオン交換基は、カチオン交換基とし
て代表的なものであり、銀イオンに対するイオン交換反
応速度が大きく、銀担持型への調製が容易である。ま
た、アミドキシム基、イミノジ酢酸基のようなキレート
基も、銀を担持させることのできる官能基に含まれる。
或いは、例えばメタクリル酸グリシジル（ＧＭＡ）を高
分子基材にグラフト重合したものにエチレンジアミンを
反応させることによっても、銀を担持させることのでき
る官能基を形成することができる。In the present invention, examples of the functional group capable of carrying silver include cation exchange groups such as a sulfone group, a carboxyl group and a phosphate group. These ion-exchange groups are typical as cation-exchange groups, have a high ion-exchange reaction rate with respect to silver ions, and are easily prepared into a silver-carrying type. Further, chelating groups such as amidoxime groups and iminodiacetic acid groups are also included in the functional groups capable of carrying silver.
Alternatively, a functional group capable of carrying silver can be formed by, for example, reacting ethylenediamine with a polymer obtained by graft-polymerizing glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto a polymer base material.
【００１６】本発明において、高分子基材の主鎖上に、
銀を担持させることのできる官能基を有する重合体側鎖
を導入する方法としては、かかる官能基を有する重合性
単量体をグラフト重合によって高分子基材の主鎖上に導
入するか、或いは、それ自体は銀を担持させることので
きる官能基を有しないが、かかる官能基に変換させるこ
とのできる基を有する重合性単量体をグラフト重合によ
って高分子基材の主鎖上に導入した後、更に反応させ
て、銀を担持させることのできる官能基に変換すること
によって、重合体側鎖上に銀を担持させることのできる
官能基を導入することができる。In the present invention, on the main chain of the polymer substrate,
As a method for introducing a polymer side chain having a functional group capable of supporting silver, a polymerizable monomer having such a functional group is introduced onto the main chain of the polymer substrate by graft polymerization, or After introducing a polymerizable monomer having a group capable of carrying silver by itself but having a group capable of being converted to such a functional group onto the main chain of the polymer base material by graft polymerization. By further reacting and converting the functional group into a functional group capable of supporting silver, a functional group capable of supporting silver can be introduced onto the polymer side chain.
【００１７】この目的で用いることのできる銀を担持さ
せることのできる官能基を有する重合性単量体として
は、カチオン交換基であるスルホン基を有する重合性単
量体として、スチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム、ビニルス
ルホン酸ナトリウム、メタリルスルホン酸ナトリウムな
どが挙げられ、また、カルボキシル基を有する重合性単
量体として、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸などを挙げるこ
とができる。As the polymerizable monomer having a functional group capable of carrying silver which can be used for this purpose, polymerizable monomers having a sulfone group as a cation exchange group include sodium styrene sulfonate, Examples thereof include sodium vinyl sulfonate and sodium methallyl sulfonate. Examples of the polymerizable monomer having a carboxyl group include acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.
【００１８】また、本発明において用いることのでき
る、それ自体は銀を担持させることのできる官能基を有
しないが、かかる官能基に変換させることのできる基を
有する重合性単量体としては、メタクリル酸グリシジ
ル、スチレン、アクリロニトリル、アクロレイン、クロ
ロメチルスチレンなどを挙げることができる。例えば、
メタクリル酸グリシジルをグラフト重合によって高分子
基材上に重合体側鎖として導入した後、亜硫酸ナトリウ
ムを反応させてスルホン化することによってカチオン交
換基に転換させることができる。また、例えば、アクリ
トニトリルをグラフトモノマーとしてグラフト重合を行
い、次に、ヒドロキシルアミンを反応させてニトリル基
をアミドキシム基に変換させることによって、キレート
基であるアミドキシム基を重合体側鎖上に導入すること
ができる。また、メタクリル酸グリシジルをグラフト重
合によって高分子基材上に重合体側鎖として導入した
後、イミノジ酢酸ナトリウムを反応させることによっ
て、キレート基であるイミノジ酢酸基を重合体側鎖上に
導入することができる。更に、例えばメタクリル酸グリ
シジルをグラフト重合によって高分子基材上に重合体側
鎖として導入した後、エチレンジアミンを反応させるこ
とによって、銀を担持させることのできる官能基を重合
体側鎖上に導入することができる。但し、本発明におい
て用いることのできる重合性単量体は、上記の例に限定
される訳ではない。Further, the polymerizable monomer which can be used in the present invention, which does not itself have a functional group capable of carrying silver, but has a group which can be converted into such a functional group, includes: Glycidyl methacrylate, styrene, acrylonitrile, acrolein, chloromethylstyrene and the like can be mentioned. For example,
After glycidyl methacrylate is introduced as a polymer side chain onto a polymer substrate by graft polymerization, it can be converted to a cation exchange group by reacting with sodium sulfite to sulfonate. Also, for example, graft polymerization is performed using acrylonitrile as a graft monomer, and then a nitrile group is converted to an amidoxime group by reacting with hydroxylamine, thereby introducing an amidoxime group that is a chelate group onto the polymer side chain. be able to. Further, after glycidyl methacrylate is introduced as a polymer side chain onto a polymer substrate by graft polymerization, by reacting sodium iminodiacetate, an iminodiacetic acid group which is a chelating group can be introduced onto the polymer side chain. . Furthermore, for example, after introducing glycidyl methacrylate as a polymer side chain onto a polymer substrate by graft polymerization, by reacting ethylenediamine, it is possible to introduce a functional group capable of carrying silver on the polymer side chain. it can. However, the polymerizable monomer that can be used in the present invention is not limited to the above examples.
【００１９】本発明に係る高分子素材においては、上記
に説明した高分子基材の主鎖上に配置された重合体側鎖
上に存在する官能基によって銀が担持される。この担持
された銀によってヨウ素が吸着される。In the polymer material according to the present invention, silver is carried by the functional groups present on the side chains of the polymer arranged on the main chain of the polymer substrate described above. Iodine is adsorbed by the supported silver.
【００２０】本発明に係る高分子素材においては、銀イ
オンをイオン交換的に又はキレート結合によって担持す
るので、銀イオンの担持量を容易に制御することができ
る。また、銀イオンはイオン結合又はキレート結合によ
って安定に結合しており、脱離しにくいので、銀イオン
の流出等の環境汚染を少なくすることもできる。In the polymer material according to the present invention, since silver ions are supported ion-exchangeably or by chelate bond, the amount of silver ions supported can be easily controlled. Further, silver ions are stably bound by ionic bonds or chelate bonds and are hardly desorbed, so that environmental pollution such as outflow of silver ions can be reduced.
【００２１】本発明の高分子素材において、銀を担持さ
せることのできる官能基への銀の担持は、かかる官能基
を重合体側鎖上に有する高分子素材に、硝酸銀、硫酸銀
等の銀化合物の溶液を接触させて、イオン交換するか或
いはキレート結合させることによって極めて容易に行う
ことができる。この目的で用いることのできる銀化合物
は、可溶性のものであれば、任意の種類の化合物を用い
ることができる。In the polymer material of the present invention, silver is supported on a functional group capable of supporting silver by adding a silver compound such as silver nitrate or silver sulfate to a polymer material having such a functional group on a polymer side chain. Can be extremely easily carried out by bringing the solution into contact with the solution for ion exchange or chelate bonding. As the silver compound that can be used for this purpose, any type of compound can be used as long as it is soluble.
【００２２】また、素材をまずアルカリで処理した後
に、銀の担持を行うこともできる。例えばカチオン交換
基によって銀を担持させる場合、まずカチオン交換基を
重合体側鎖上に有する高分子素材を水酸化ナトリウムな
どのようなアルカリと反応させて、カチオン交換基をア
ルカリ金属で変換した後に、これを上記に示すような銀
化合物と接触させてイオン交換することによって、銀を
担持させることもできる。例えば、カチオン交換基がカ
ルボキシル基などの場合には直接銀を担持させることが
できないが、この手法を採用することにより、銀を担持
させることが可能になる。また、アルカリ処理を行う
と、カルボキシル基などのように官能基同士が水素結合
で引き合っている場合に、Ｎａ型に変換されることによ
り水素結合が切断されると共に、Ｎａがその周囲に複数
の水分子を配位して吸着するために、グラフト鎖が膨潤
して、その結果、銀の担持量が増大し、ヨウ素吸着能力
が高まることも効果として挙げられる。例えば、高分子
素材にアミドキシム基を導入してウラン吸着材として用
いる場合、アルカリ処理によって、ウランの吸着量が増
加することが報告されている。Further, after the material is first treated with an alkali, silver can be carried. For example, when silver is supported by a cation exchange group, first, a polymer material having a cation exchange group on a polymer side chain is reacted with an alkali such as sodium hydroxide, and the cation exchange group is converted with an alkali metal. The silver can be carried by contacting this with a silver compound as described above and performing ion exchange. For example, when the cation exchange group is a carboxyl group or the like, silver cannot be directly supported, but by employing this method, silver can be supported. Further, when the alkali treatment is performed, when the functional groups such as a carboxyl group are attracted by a hydrogen bond, the hydrogen bond is cut by being converted into an Na type, and a plurality of Na are surrounded by the surrounding. The effect of coordinating and adsorbing water molecules is that the graft chains swell, resulting in an increase in the amount of silver carried and an increase in iodine adsorption capacity. For example, it has been reported that when an amidoxime group is introduced into a polymer material and used as a uranium adsorbent, the amount of uranium adsorbed increases by alkali treatment.
【００２３】本発明のフィルタの素材として用いられる
高分子材料としては、ポリオレフィン系の有機高分子材
料が好ましく用いられる。ポリオレフィン系の有機高分
子材料は、放射線に対して崩壊性ではないので、放射線
グラフト重合法によってグラフト側鎖を導入する目的に
用いるのに適している。更に、フィルタ素材として用い
る高分子材料の形態としては、繊維、又は繊維の集合体
である織布又は不織布、或いはそれらの加工品が好まし
く用いられる。As the polymer material used as a material of the filter of the present invention, a polyolefin organic polymer material is preferably used. Polyolefin-based organic polymer materials are not decayable to radiation and are therefore suitable for use in introducing graft side chains by radiation graft polymerization. Further, as the form of the polymer material used as the filter material, fibers, woven or non-woven fabric which is an aggregate of fibers, or processed products thereof are preferably used.
【００２４】本発明に係るヨウ素除去フィルタは、ヨウ
素除去装置におけるヨウ素除去素材として用いることが
できる。即ち、本発明の更なる態様は、ヨウ素除去素材
として、上記に記載の本発明に係るヨウ素除去フィルタ
を用いたヨウ素除去装置に関する。かかるヨウ素除去装
置は、放射性ヨウ素である129Ｉや131Ｉが放出される可
能性のある、原子力発電所又は核燃料再処理設備におけ
る排気ダクトに取り付けることができる。The iodine removing filter according to the present invention can be used as an iodine removing material in an iodine removing device. That is, a further aspect of the present invention relates to an iodine removing apparatus using the above-described iodine removing filter according to the present invention as an iodine removing material. Such an iodine removal device can be attached to an exhaust duct in a nuclear power plant or a nuclear fuel reprocessing facility where radioactive iodine 129 I and 131 I may be released.
【００２５】また、本発明に係るヨウ素除去装置は、図
１に示すように、ヨウ素除去剤として、活性炭、活性炭
素繊維、薬剤添着活性炭、薬剤添着活性炭素繊維、ゼオ
ライト、薬剤添着ゼオライト、シリカゲル、薬剤添着シ
リカゲルなどを用いる従来のヨウ素除去装置１１と組み
合わせて用い、従来のヨウ素除去装置１１を設置したダ
クト１０の下流側に本発明に係るヨウ素除去装置１２を
配置することができる。このような複合装置を構成する
と、１段目のヨウ素除去装置（従来のヨウ素除去装置）
から流出するヨウ素を本発明に係るヨウ素除去フィルタ
で完全に除去することができ、従来のヨウ素除去剤の十
分でない除去性能を補って、安全性を更に向上させるこ
とができる。Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the iodine removing apparatus according to the present invention comprises, as an iodine removing agent, activated carbon, activated carbon fiber, drug-attached activated carbon, drug-attached activated carbon fiber, zeolite, drug-attached zeolite, silica gel, The iodine removing device 12 according to the present invention can be disposed downstream of the duct 10 in which the conventional iodine removing device 11 is installed, in combination with the conventional iodine removing device 11 using a drug-attached silica gel or the like. When such a composite device is configured, the first-stage iodine removing device (conventional iodine removing device)
Iodine flowing out of the iodine removal filter according to the present invention can be completely removed, and the inadequate removal performance of the conventional iodine removing agent can be compensated for, and safety can be further improved.
【００２６】また、本発明に係るヨウ素除去フィルタ
は、マスク又は防護装置の表面又は内部に組み込んで用
いることもできる。Further, the iodine removal filter according to the present invention can be used by being incorporated in the surface or inside of a mask or a protective device.
【００２７】[0027]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明に係るヨウ
素除去フィルタは、フィルタ基材を構成する高分子主鎖
上に、銀を担持させることのできる官能基を有し、該官
能基に銀が担持されていることを特徴としており、物理
的強度が高く、空気中のみならず水中においてもヨウ素
及び次亜ヨウ素酸等のヨウ素化合物を同時に除去するこ
とが可能である。また、銀ゼオライト等に比べて安価に
製造することができ、使用後のフィルタの処理も従来の
樹脂形態のものと比べて容易である。したがって、本発
明に係るヨウ素除去フィルタ及びヨウ素除去装置を用い
れば、原子力発電所、核燃料再処理設備等の原子力関連
施設から放出される可能性のある放射性ヨウ素を効率よ
く除去することができ、これらの施設内作業における放
射性ヨウ素に起因する被爆の防止、及び施設外への放射
性ヨウ素の放出を排除することができる。As described above, the iodine removal filter according to the present invention has a functional group capable of carrying silver on the polymer main chain constituting the filter substrate, and the functional group has It is characterized by carrying silver, has high physical strength, and is capable of simultaneously removing iodine and iodine compounds such as hypoiodic acid not only in air but also in water. Further, the filter can be manufactured at a lower cost than silver zeolite or the like, and the processing of the filter after use is easier than that of the conventional resin form. Therefore, by using the iodine removal filter and the iodine removal device according to the present invention, it is possible to efficiently remove radioactive iodine that may be released from nuclear facilities such as nuclear power plants and nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities. It is possible to prevent exposure to radioactive iodine caused by radioactive iodine during work in the facility and to eliminate the release of radioactive iodine outside the facility.
【００２８】以下、本発明の実施の種々の形態例を説明
する。これらの記載は、本発明を限定するものではな
い。Hereinafter, various embodiments of the present invention will be described. These descriptions do not limit the present invention.
【００２９】[0029]
【実施例】実施例１ ヨウ素除去フィルタの製造 高分子基材として、繊維径約１６μｍのポリエチレン繊
維よりなる目付５６ｇ／ｍ2、厚さ０．２ｍｍの不織布
を用いた。この不織布基材に、ガンマ線を窒素雰囲気中
で１５０ｋＧｙ照射した後、アクリル酸の２５％水溶液
に浸漬し、溶液を加温して反応させて、グラフト率６２
％のアクリル酸グラフト不織布を得た。このグラフト不
織布を、水酸化ナトリウムの２％水溶液中に室温で３０
分浸漬して、Ｎａ型に変換した。更にこの不織布を、硝
酸銀の０．２％水溶液中に１時間浸漬して、銀をイオン
交換させて担持させ、乾燥させることによって、本発明
に係るヨウ素除去フィルタ材料を得た。 次亜ヨウ素酸の除去 次亜ヨウ素酸の水溶液を６０℃に加温しながらバブリン
グして、次亜ヨウ素酸の蒸気を１．６ｐｐｍ発生させ
た。上記で得られたヨウ素除去フィルタ材料を５ｃｍ×
２０ｃｍの寸法に切断したものをのり巻き状にして、内
径２３ｍｍのカラム中に装填した。発生させた次亜ヨウ
素酸の蒸気を、流量２００ｍｌ／分でカラムに通した。
出口側での次亜ヨウ素酸の濃度は０．１ｐｐｍ以下であ
った。この結果により、上記のヨウ素除去フィルタ材料
は、空気中の次亜ヨウ素酸を有効に除去できることが分
かった。 ヨウ素の除去 固体のヨウ素を試験官に入れて、５０℃に加熱してヨウ
素の気体を発生させた。これを空気で希釈して、ヨウ素
濃度０．４ｐｐｍに調整した。このヨウ素含有空気を、
上記で得られたカラムに、２００ｍｌ／分で通した。出
口側でのヨウ素の濃度は０．１ｐｐｍ以下であった。こ
れにより、上記のヨウ素除去フィルタ材料は、空気中の
ヨウ素ガスを有効に除去できることが分かった。 実施例２ ヨウ素除去フィルタの製造 実施例１で用いたものと同様のポリエチレン不織布を高
分子基材として用いた。この不織布基材に、ガンマ線を
窒素雰囲気中で１５０ｋＧｙ照射した後、メタクリル酸
グリシジル溶液中に浸漬し、溶液を加温して反応させ
て、グラフト率１１８％のメタクリル酸グリシジルグラ
フト不織布を得た。このグラフト不織布を、亜硫酸ナト
リウムの８％水溶液中に浸漬し、８０℃で１０時間反応
させた。中性塩分解容量が２．６ｍｅｑ／ｇのスルホン
酸基を有する強酸性カチオン交換不織布が得られた。こ
の不織布を、硝酸銀の０．２％水溶液中に１時間浸漬し
て、銀をイオン交換させて担持させ、乾燥させることに
よって、本発明に係るヨウ素除去フィルタ材料を得た。 次亜ヨウ素酸及びヨウ素の除去 上記で得られたヨウ素除去フィルタを用いて、実施例１
と同様の次亜ヨウ素酸除去実験及びヨウ素除去実験を行
い、実施例１と同等の除去性能が確認された。 実施例３ ヨウ素除去フィルタの製造 実施例２において得られたグラフト率１１８％のメタク
リル酸グリシジルグラフト不織布を、リン酸の８０％水
溶液中に浸漬し、８０℃で１０時間反応させた。中性塩
分解容量が０．６ｍｅｑ／ｇで、弱酸性カチオン交換容
量２．４ｍｅｑ／ｇの中酸性カチオン交換基であるリン
酸基を有するカチオン交換不織布が得られた。この不織
布を、水酸化ナトリウムの２％水溶液中に１時間浸漬し
て、Ｎａ型に変換した。次に、硝酸銀の０．２％水溶液
中に１時間浸漬して、銀をイオン交換させて担持させ、
乾燥させることによって、本発明に係るヨウ素除去フィ
ルタ材料を得た。 次亜ヨウ素酸及びヨウ素の除去 上記で得られたヨウ素除去フィルタを用いて、実施例１
と同様の次亜ヨウ素酸除去実験及びヨウ素除去実験を行
い、実施例１と同等の除去性能が確認された。 実施例４ ヨウ素除去フィルタの製造 実施例２において得られたグラフト率１１８％のメタク
リル酸グリシジルグラフト不織布を、イミノジ酢酸ナト
リウム／イソプロピルアルコール／水の２０／２０／６
０混合溶液中に浸漬し、８０℃で８時間反応させた。イ
ミノジ酢酸基３ｍｍｏｌ／ｇのキレート基を有する不織
布が得られた。この不織布を、硝酸銀の０．２％水溶液
中に１時間浸漬して、銀をキレート基に担持させ、乾燥
させることによって、本発明に係るヨウ素除去フィルタ
材料を得た。 次亜ヨウ素酸及びヨウ素の除去 上記で得られたヨウ素除去フィルタを用いて、実施例１
と同様の次亜ヨウ素酸除去実験及びヨウ素除去実験を行
い、実施例１と同等の除去性能が確認された。EXAMPLES Example 1 Production of an Iodine Removal Filter A nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 56 g / m 2 and a thickness of 0.2 mm made of polyethylene fibers having a fiber diameter of about 16 μm was used as a polymer base material. After irradiating the nonwoven fabric substrate with 150 kGy of gamma rays in a nitrogen atmosphere, the substrate was immersed in a 25% aqueous solution of acrylic acid, and the solution was heated to react, and the graft ratio was 62%.
% Acrylic acid-grafted nonwoven fabric was obtained. This grafted nonwoven fabric is placed in a 2% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide at room temperature for 30 minutes.
It was immersed for a minute and converted into Na type. Further, this nonwoven fabric was immersed in a 0.2% aqueous solution of silver nitrate for 1 hour, ion-exchanged silver to be carried, and dried to obtain an iodine removal filter material according to the present invention. Removal of hypoiodic acid An aqueous solution of hypoiodic acid was bubbled while being heated to 60 ° C. to generate 1.6 ppm of hypoiodic acid vapor. 5 cm × of the iodine removal filter material obtained above
The product cut into a size of 20 cm was wound into a roll and loaded into a column having an inner diameter of 23 mm. The generated hypoiodic acid vapor was passed through the column at a flow rate of 200 ml / min.
The concentration of hypoiodic acid at the outlet side was 0.1 ppm or less. From this result, it was found that the above-mentioned iodine removal filter material can effectively remove hypoiodous acid in the air. Removal of iodine Solid iodine was placed in a tester and heated to 50 ° C. to generate iodine gas. This was diluted with air to adjust the iodine concentration to 0.4 ppm. This iodine-containing air is
The column obtained above was passed at 200 ml / min. The concentration of iodine at the outlet side was 0.1 ppm or less. Thereby, it turned out that the above-mentioned iodine removal filter material can remove iodine gas in air effectively. Example 2 Production of an iodine removal filter The same polyethylene nonwoven fabric as that used in Example 1 was used as a polymer base material. After irradiating this nonwoven fabric substrate with 150 kGy of gamma rays in a nitrogen atmosphere, the substrate was immersed in a glycidyl methacrylate solution, and the solution was heated and reacted to obtain a glycidyl methacrylate graft nonwoven fabric having a graft ratio of 118%. This grafted nonwoven fabric was immersed in an 8% aqueous solution of sodium sulfite and reacted at 80 ° C. for 10 hours. A strongly acidic cation exchange nonwoven fabric having a sulfonic acid group with a neutral salt decomposition capacity of 2.6 meq / g was obtained. This nonwoven fabric was immersed in a 0.2% aqueous solution of silver nitrate for one hour to carry the ion-exchanged silver, and dried to obtain the iodine-removed filter material according to the present invention. Example 1 Removal of hypoiodic acid and iodine Using the iodine removal filter obtained above, Example 1
A hypoiodite removal experiment and an iodine removal experiment similar to those described above were performed, and the removal performance equivalent to that of Example 1 was confirmed. Example 3 Production of an Iodine Removal Filter The glycidyl methacrylate graft nonwoven fabric having a graft ratio of 118% obtained in Example 2 was immersed in an 80% aqueous solution of phosphoric acid and reacted at 80 ° C. for 10 hours. A cation exchange nonwoven fabric having a neutral salt decomposition capacity of 0.6 meq / g and a phosphate group which is a weakly acidic cation exchange group of 2.4 meq / g was obtained. This nonwoven fabric was immersed in a 2% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide for 1 hour to convert into a Na type. Next, it is immersed in a 0.2% aqueous solution of silver nitrate for one hour to allow silver to be ion-exchanged and supported,
By drying, the iodine removal filter material according to the present invention was obtained. Example 1 Removal of hypoiodic acid and iodine Example 1 was performed using the iodine removal filter obtained above.
A hypoiodite removal experiment and an iodine removal experiment similar to those described above were performed, and the removal performance equivalent to that of Example 1 was confirmed. Example 4 Production of an iodine removal filter The glycidyl methacrylate graft nonwoven fabric having a graft ratio of 118% obtained in Example 2 was subjected to sodium iminodiacetate / isopropyl alcohol / water 20/20/6.
0 and immersed in a mixed solution and reacted at 80 ° C. for 8 hours. A nonwoven fabric having a chelating group of 3 mmol / g iminodiacetic acid group was obtained. This nonwoven fabric was immersed in a 0.2% aqueous solution of silver nitrate for 1 hour to support the silver on the chelate group and dried to obtain the iodine-removed filter material according to the present invention. Example 1 Removal of hypoiodic acid and iodine Example 1 was performed using the iodine removal filter obtained above.
A hypoiodite removal experiment and an iodine removal experiment similar to those described above were performed, and the removal performance equivalent to that of Example 1 was confirmed.
【図１】本発明のヨウ素除去装置を従来のヨウ素除去装
置と共にダクトに組み込む使用例を示す概念図である。FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of using an iodine removing apparatus of the present invention in a duct together with a conventional iodine removing apparatus.
１０ ダクト １１ 従来のヨウ素除去装置 １２ 本発明に係るヨウ素除去装置 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Duct 11 Conventional iodine removal apparatus 12 Iodine removal apparatus according to the present invention
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 ＦＩ テーマコート゛(参考） Ｇ２１Ｆ 9/12 ５０１ Ｂ０１Ｄ 53/34 ＺＡＢ (72)発明者 藤原 邦夫 神奈川県藤沢市本藤沢４−２−１ 株式会 社荏原総合研究所内 (72)発明者 武田 収功 神奈川県藤沢市本藤沢４−２−１ 株式会 社荏原総合研究所内 (72)発明者 小松 誠 神奈川県藤沢市本藤沢４−２−１ 株式会 社荏原総合研究所内 (72)発明者 河津 秀雄 神奈川県藤沢市本藤沢４−２−１ 株式会 社荏原総合研究所内 (72)発明者 赤堀 晶二 東京都大田区羽田旭町11番１号 株式会社 荏原製作所内 (72)発明者 川本 孝善 東京都大田区羽田旭町11番１号 株式会社 荏原製作所内 Ｆターム(参考） 4D002 AA25 AC09 BA04 CA07 DA21 DA41 DA45 DA46 DA61 DA70 EA03 4D024 AA04 AB11 BA01 BA17 BA18 BB08 BC01 DA02 4D038 AA10 AB39 BA01 BB06 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 7 Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) G21F 9/12 501 B01D 53/34 ZAB (72) Inventor Kunio Fujiwara 4-2 Motofujisawa, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 1. Within the EBARA Research Institute, Inc. (72) Inventor Toshiyuki Takeda 4-2-1 Motofujisawa, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture (72) Inventor Makoto Komatsu 4-2, Motofujisawa, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture -1 Inside Ebara Research Institute, Inc. (72) Inventor Hideo Kawazu 4-2-1 Motofujisawa, Fujisawa City, Kanagawa Prefecture (72) Inventor Shoji Akahori 11, Asahimachi Haneda, Ota-ku, Tokyo No. 1 EBARA CORPORATION (72) Inventor Takayoshi Kawamoto 11-1 Haneda Asahimachi, Ota-ku, Tokyo F-term in EBARA CORPORATION (reference) 4D002 AA25 AC09 BA04 CA07 DA21 DA41 DA45 DA46 DA61 DA70 EA03 4D024 AA04 AB11 BA01 BA17 BA18 BB08 BC01 DA02 4D038 AA10 AB39 BA01 BB06
Claims (9)
するヨウ素除去フィルタであって、前記高分子素材は、
高分子基材の主鎖上に、銀を担持させることのできる官
能基を有する重合体側鎖を有し、該官能基に銀が担持さ
れていることを特徴とする、ヨウ素除去フィルタ。1. An iodine removal filter comprising a polymer material for adsorbing and removing iodine, wherein the polymer material comprises:
An iodine removal filter comprising a polymer side chain having a functional group capable of supporting silver on a main chain of a polymer base material, wherein silver is supported by the functional group.
用いて高分子基材上に導入されている請求項１に記載の
ヨウ素除去フィルタ。2. The iodine removal filter according to claim 1, wherein the polymer side chain is introduced onto the polymer substrate by using a radiation graft polymerization method.
きる官能基を有するか、又は銀を担持させることのでき
る官能基に変換し得る基を有する重合性単量体を、高分
子基材の主鎖上にグラフト重合することによって得られ
るものである請求項１又は２に記載のヨウ素除去フィル
タ。3. A polymerizable monomer having a functional group capable of supporting silver, or having a group capable of being converted to a functional group capable of supporting silver, in a polymer side chain. The iodine removal filter according to claim 1 or 2, which is obtained by graft polymerization on the main chain of the material.
スルホン基、カルボキシル基、リン酸基より選択される
カチオン交換基、又はアミドキシム基、イミノジ酢酸基
から選択されるキレート基である請求項１〜３のいずれ
かに記載のヨウ素除去フィルタ。4. A functional group capable of supporting silver,
The iodine removal filter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is a cation exchange group selected from a sulfone group, a carboxyl group, and a phosphate group, or a chelate group selected from an amidoxime group and an iminodiacetic acid group.
る織布又は不織布、或いはそれらの加工品から選択され
る請求項１〜４のいずれかに記載のヨウ素除去フィル
タ。5. The iodine removal filter according to claim 1, wherein the polymer substrate is selected from a fiber, a woven or nonwoven fabric which is an aggregate of fibers, or a processed product thereof.
高分子よりなる請求項１〜５のいずれかに記載のヨウ素
除去フィルタ。6. The iodine removal filter according to claim 1, wherein the polymer substrate is made of a polyolefin organic polymer.
除去フィルタを組み込んだことを特徴とするヨウ素除去
装置。7. An iodine removing apparatus incorporating the iodine removing filter according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
除去フィルタを、ヨウ素除去素材として、活性炭、活性
炭素繊維、薬剤添着活性炭、薬剤添着活性炭素繊維、ゼ
オライト、薬剤添着ゼオライト、シリカゲル、薬剤添着
シリカゲルなどを用いる従来のヨウ素除去装置の下流側
のダクトに設置したことを特徴とするヨウ素除去装置。8. The iodine removal filter according to claim 1, wherein the iodine removal material is activated carbon, activated carbon fiber, drug-attached activated carbon, drug-attached activated carbon fiber, zeolite, drug-attached zeolite, silica gel, An iodine removing device which is installed in a duct on the downstream side of a conventional iodine removing device using silica gel or the like impregnated with a drug.
求項１〜６のいずれかに記載のヨウ素除去フィルタを組
み込んだことを特徴とするヨウ素除去装置。9. An iodine removing device comprising the mask or the protective device, wherein the iodine removing filter according to claim 1 is incorporated into the surface or inside the mask or the protective device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP05983099A JP3647667B2 (en) | 1999-03-08 | 1999-03-08 | Iodine removal filter and iodine removal device carrying silver |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP05983099A JP3647667B2 (en) | 1999-03-08 | 1999-03-08 | Iodine removal filter and iodine removal device carrying silver |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000254446A true JP2000254446A (en) | 2000-09-19 |
| JP3647667B2 JP3647667B2 (en) | 2005-05-18 |
Family
ID=13124546
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP05983099A Expired - Lifetime JP3647667B2 (en) | 1999-03-08 | 1999-03-08 | Iodine removal filter and iodine removal device carrying silver |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3647667B2 (en) |
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| JP2012223254A (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2012-11-15 | Shinshu Univ | Radioactive material-blocking mask |
| JP2012245427A (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2012-12-13 | Kakui Kk | Hybrid adsorbent |
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