JP2000205542A - Operation controller and control method for refuse incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To control generation of unburnt components to a lower level even under a peak generation situation of unburnt components by determining the operating amount of a refuse incinerator for reducing generation of unburnt components utilizing a combustion model identified through use of variables being employed for input/output of the combustion model. SOLUTION: A controller 3 comprises a combustion model 31, a model identifying section 32, an operating amount determining section 33, and a data collector 34. The combustion model 31 is a dynamic characteristics model for simulating at least the operating amount of a refuse incinerator and the behavior generating a peak of unburnt components. The model identifying section 32 identifies model parameters of the combustion model 31 from a state amount measured in a refuse incinerator 1 and measurements of exhaust gas from an exhaust gas analyzer 2. The operating amount determining section 33 inputs several operation patterns to the combustion model 31, compares the concentration of outputted unburnt components and selects an operation pattern generating lowest quantity of unburnt components as the operating amount of the incinerator 1.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an operation control method and an operation control apparatus for a waste treatment plant for incinerating general waste and industrial waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a prior art relating to a refuse incinerator combustion control technique, there is one disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-273733. The technology described in the publication stably burns garbage,
This control technology aims to supply steam stably. The amount of generated steam is measured to operate the primary air damper, the damper for determining the distribution thereof, and the combustion stoker speed. Further, the O ₂ concentration in the exhaust gas is measured, and the opening degree of the secondary air damper is operated. The specific operation method is as follows.
First, a target value of the steam generation amount is set, and when the actual steam generation amount exceeds the target value, the damper opening of the primary air and the damper opening for determining the distribution thereof are operated, and the air supplied to the combustion stoker is operated. Only reduce the amount. Conversely, when the actual amount of steam generation falls below the target value, only the amount of air supplied to the combustion stoker is increased. At the same time by operating the supply amount of the primary air, to measure the O ₂ concentration in the exhaust gas, O ₂
If the concentration is low, it increases the secondary air, if the O ₂ concentration is high to reduce the secondary air. In this way, the amount of evaporation is stabilized by operating only the amount of air on the combustion stoker,
By simultaneously operating the amount of secondary air, it is possible to avoid a decrease in the furnace temperature or a shortage of oxygen, thereby suppressing an increase in unburned components such as CO. That is, unburned components such as CO are indirectly suppressed by stabilizing the generated steam amount and the O ₂ concentration.

[0003]

According to the document "Survey and research on carbon monoxide emission characteristics in municipal solid waste incineration facilities" (Japan Environmental Health Center bulletin N019, 1992),
Most of the factors that CO occurs is due to lack of O _2. However, there are a plurality of the occurrence patterns, and there are cases where the occurrence occurs roughly in a chronic manner and cases where the occurrence occurs in a peak. Also, it is considered that the cause of occurrence is different between the two. When CO is generated in a peak manner, the O ₂ concentration once decreases rapidly, but is recovered after a while.

However, in the above-mentioned prior art, since such a difference in characteristics is not taken into consideration, especially when CO occurs at a peak, O ₂ fluctuates greatly.
It is difficult to suppress O to a low level.

[0005] Further, since the manipulated variables are only the amount of air supplied to the combustion stoker, the speed of the combustion stoker, and the amount of secondary air, there is a case where the CO cannot be sufficiently suppressed. An object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems and to provide a control device capable of suppressing the amount of unburned components such as CO to a lower level even in a situation where a peak is generated.

[0006]

The operation control method and operation control device of a refuse incinerator according to the present invention are as follows.

(1) A method for controlling the operation of a refuse incinerator having a refuse incinerator and an exhaust gas treatment facility, wherein the relationship between the operation amount of the refuse incinerator and the concentration of at least the unburned portion in the combustion gas is represented. A combustion model that simulates a state in which fuel content occurs at a peak, and among the operation data of the refuse incinerator, the combustion model is identified using variables used for input and output of the model, and the identified combustion is identified. A method for controlling the operation of a waste incinerator, wherein an operation amount of the waste incinerator for reducing the amount of unburned matter is determined using a model.
(Claim 1). (2) In the operation control method of the refuse incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the combustion model simulates a stable combustion model simulating a stable combustion state in the refuse incinerator and a fluctuation of a combustion state in the refuse incinerator. An operation control method for a refuse incinerator, comprising:

(3) In the operation control method of the refuse incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the refuse incinerator is a stoker type refuse incinerator, and the combustion model is a refuse model simulating a state of refuse on a stoker. A combustion gas model simulating the state of the combustion gas in the refuse incinerator, wherein the refuse model is divided into a plurality of elements for each stoker, and at least moisture and combustible Having the amount as a model parameter, calculating at least the temperature of the refuse and the volatilization amount of combustibles, the combustion gas model calculates the combustion gas temperature from at least the volatilization amount of the combustibles calculated by the refuse model, Characterized in that the parameters of the combustion model are identified using the input and output variables of the combustion model in the operation data of (1).

(4) In the operation control method for a refuse incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the model output of the combustion model is at least one of a steam generation amount, a combustion gas temperature, and a moisture amount in the combustion gas, and the identification is performed. And comparing the model output with actual machine data.

(5) In the operation control method for a refuse incinerator according to claim 1, the identification is performed based on the operation data before the peak of the unburned portion and the operation data at the time of the peak of the unburned portion. operation data before the peak occurrence of燃分is, furnace temperature, the amount of evaporation, stoker a temperature, stoker speed, air flow rate, air temperature, O ₂ concentration in the combustion gas, the combustion gas moisture concentration, various combustion gases the concentration of hydrocarbons is at least one of the chlorophenols in the combustion gases, operating data during unburned peak occurs, the peak waveform of the unburned concentration, O ₂ concentration waveform, the amount of evaporation of the waveform An operation control method for a waste incineration apparatus, wherein the method is at least one.

(6) In the operation control method for a waste incinerator according to claim 1, a plurality of operation amount candidates for the waste incinerator are input to the combustion model, and the unburned component concentration is calculated from the output unburned component concentration. Selects the lowest manipulated variable, compares the obtained manipulated variable with the manipulated variable that can lower the unburned matter concentration obtained from past driving data, and incinerates the manipulated variable with the lower unburned matter concentration. An operation control method for a refuse incineration device, which is determined as an operation amount of the device.

(7) In an operation control device of a refuse incinerator having a refuse incinerator and an exhaust gas treatment facility, at least the relationship between the operation amount of the refuse incinerator and the concentration of unburned components in the combustion gas is represented. A combustion model that simulates a state in which a minute peak occurs, a model identification unit that identifies the combustion model using variables used for input and output of the combustion model in operating data of the refuse incinerator, and a model identification unit. An operation amount determination unit that determines an operation amount of the waste incinerator that reduces the amount of unburned components using the combustion model identified by the combustion unit. Item 7).

(8) The operation control device for a refuse incinerator according to claim 7, wherein the combustion model includes a stable combustion model simulating a combustion state in a stable combustion state in the refuse incinerator, and the refuse incinerator. An operation control device for a refuse incinerator, comprising a combustion fluctuation model simulating a fluctuation of a combustion state in the inside.

(9) An operation control device of a refuse incinerator having a refuse incinerator and an exhaust gas treatment facility, and an exhaust gas analyzer for analyzing at least one of an unburned matter concentration, an oxygen concentration, and a water content in the exhaust gas. In the refuse incineration system provided with the above, the operation control device represents the relationship between the unburned component concentration in the combustion gas, at least one of the oxygen concentration and the water content, and the operation amount of the refuse incineration device, A combustion model that simulates a state in which the minute peak occurs, and a model identification unit that identifies the combustion model using variables used for input and output of the combustion model in the operating data of the refuse incinerator,
An operation amount determination unit that determines an operation amount of the refuse incinerator that reduces the generation amount of unburned components using the combustion model identified by the model identification unit, using a measurement value of the exhaust gas analyzer. The refuse incineration system (claim 9), wherein the combustion model is identified by performing the identification.

(10) In the refuse incineration system according to claim 9, wherein the unburned matter measured by the exhaust gas analyzer is any one of CO, hydrocarbons and dioxin precursor. And garbage incineration system.

(11) In an operation control method of a refuse incinerator having a refuse incinerator and an exhaust gas treatment facility, the relationship between the operation amount of the refuse incinerator and the concentration of at least unburned components in the combustion gas is represented. A combustion model that simulates a state in which fuel content occurs at a peak, and among the operation data of the refuse incinerator, the combustion model is identified using variables used for input / output of the model, and the refuse incineration apparatus is identified. When the concentration of the unburned portion of the operation data of the above becomes a certain reference value or more,
An operation control method for a refuse incinerator, wherein an operation amount of the refuse incinerator for reducing the amount of unburned components is determined using the identified combustion model.

[0017]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment comprises a refuse incinerator 1, an exhaust gas analyzer 2, and a controller 3.

The waste incinerator 1 comprises a waste incinerator 11 and an exhaust gas treatment device 12. The refuse incinerator 11 dries and burns the inputted refuse. As a result, the refuse becomes incineration ash and exhaust gas. The incinerated ash is taken out of the incinerator as needed, and the exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust gas treatment device 12 installed in the refuse incinerator 1.
To be processed. The refuse incinerator 1 is provided with various sensors for measuring a combustion gas flow rate, a furnace temperature, and the like. The measured values are sent to the data collection device 34. In addition, the garbage incinerator 1 is provided with an ITV that captures the state of the flame in the furnace, and the captured image data is also sent to the data collection device 34. In the exhaust gas analyzer 2, various gas components contained in the exhaust gas are measured. Here, the concentrations of HCL, NOx, and O ₂ and CO, hydrocarbons, chlorobenzenes, and chlorophenols as unburned components were measured.

The control unit 3 comprises a combustion model 31, a model identification unit 32, an operation amount determination unit 33, and a data collection unit 34. The combustion model 31 is a dynamic characteristic model representing at least the relationship between the operation amount of the waste incinerator and the concentration of the unburned portion, and simulating a behavior in which the unburned portion peaks due to a change in the combustion state. The model identification unit 32 identifies the model parameters of the combustion model 31 from the state quantities measured by the refuse incinerator 1 and the measurement values of the exhaust gas measured by the exhaust gas analyzer 2. The operation amount determination unit 33 inputs several operation patterns to the combustion model 31, compares the output concentration of the unburned portion, selects the operation pattern with the least amount of unburned portion as the operation amount, The amount of operation of the refuse incinerator 1. The data collection device 34 records the state quantity measured by the refuse incinerator 11 and the measurement value of the exhaust gas measured by the exhaust gas analyzer 2. The operation amount of the refuse incinerator is also recorded. Therefore, when the refuse incinerator 1 accumulates operation results, the past operation patterns and the amount of unburned components generated at that time are accumulated. These are stored in the operation pattern database in the data collection device 34, and the operation amount determination unit 3
In No. 3, it becomes possible to determine the optimal operation amount more quickly by utilizing such information.

Next, this embodiment will be described in more detail.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the refuse incinerator 11. In the refuse incinerator 11, the refuse put in the refuse hopper 114 is carried on the stoker by the dust supply device 110. The stoker is divided into three parts: a drying stoker 111, a burning stoker 112, and a post-burning stoker 113. The drying stoker 111 mainly evaporates the moisture of the input waste. The combustion stoker 112 burns the dried refuse. In the post-burning stoker 113, the refuse not completely burned by the burning stoker 112 is completely burned. The ash after combustion is once deposited in an ash pit (not shown) and then landfilled or melted.

Dry stoker 111, combustion stoker 11
2, drying air, combustion air, and post-combustion air are blown into the post-combustion stoker 113 from below. The air is sent in by the fan 131, and heat exchanges with a part of the combustion gas or steam (not shown) via the air heater 133, and the temperature rises on the way. The amount of air supplied to the drying stoker 111, the combustion stoker 112, and the post-combustion stoker 113 is measured by an air flow meter 152. These air amounts are controlled by the opening degree of the air damper 121 for adjusting the distribution amount to the fans 131 and the respective stokers so that the air amount becomes the set value sent from the control device 3. However, this minor control system is not shown. The temperature of each air is measured by the air temperature sensor 153. The air temperature is also controlled by a minor control system (not shown) so that the air temperature becomes the set value sent from the control device 3. The operating end of this minor control system is a temperature adjusting air damper 124 for changing the distribution of air heated by the air heater and air not heated.

Further, a secondary air blowing nozzle 134 is mounted above the stoker. The secondary air supplied from the secondary air blowing nozzle 134 mixes a gas containing a large amount of unburned gas with a high-temperature gas. Further, oxygen is supplied to the combustion gas from the secondary air. As a result, most combustible substances can be burned. The blowing amount (blowing speed) of the secondary air is adjusted by the openings of the secondary air fan 132 and the secondary air damper 129. The combustion gas has a high temperature of 800 ° C. to 900 ° C. near the furnace outlet. The combustion gas temperature and the furnace wall temperature are measured by a furnace temperature sensor 151. In order to protect the furnace wall from the high-temperature combustion gas, the gas temperature may be lowered by spraying water with a gas cooling device (not shown) so that the combustion gas temperature or the furnace wall temperature becomes equal to or lower than a reference value. A boiler is installed at the incinerator outlet, and heat is exchanged in the boiler to lower the temperature to about 500 ° C. The exhaust gas discharged from the refuse incinerator is sent to an exhaust gas treatment device 12 (not shown) for treatment.

In this embodiment, the control device 3 controls the dust supply device 110, the stokers 111 to 113, and the air damper 12.
1, temperature control air damper 124, secondary air damper 1
A control signal (set value) is sent to the fan 29, the fan 131 and the secondary air fan 132. The control signal activates a minor control system (not shown) to control the dust supply speed, each stalker speed, each air temperature, and each air flow rate.

Next, the exhaust gas analyzer 2 will be described.

The exhaust gas analyzer 2 comprises various gas analyzers 2
1 and a high-precision unburned matter measuring device 22. In the various gas analyzers 21, after pre-treating the sample gas, HCL,
The gas components such as SOx and CO and the water content in the exhaust gas are measured. In this embodiment, the gas analyzer is an exhaust gas treatment device 12.
And a chimney (not shown). Therefore, the sample gas taken into the gas analyzer is exhaust gas treatment device 1
Most of the dust is removed by a dust collecting device (not shown) in 2. For the measurement of gas components such as HCL, SOx and CO, a generally used continuous analyzer was used.

In the high-precision unburned matter measuring device 22, it is necessary to send the collected gas stably and at a constant flow rate to the monitor. In addition, it is necessary to prevent the substance to be analyzed from being adsorbed or condensed on the way and lost. Therefore, the pretreatment is different from that of the various gas analyzers 21. FIG. 3 shows the configuration of the high-precision unburned matter measuring device 22. The high-precision unburned matter measuring device mainly includes three parts. A gas pre-processing unit 221 that transports and pre-processes the collected sample gas, a monitor unit 222 that detects a substance to be measured from the collected sample gas, and a data processing unit 223 that processes detected and acquired data. .

The entire gas pretreatment section 221 is heated to about 100 ° C. to 200 ° C. by a heater to remove impurities and non-ash in the exhaust gas. The monitor unit 222 selectively and highly efficiently ionizes a substance to be analyzed in the supplied material gas, and passes through the intermediate pressure chamber or the like to the mass spectrometer 222.
b) Perform mass spectrometry to detect (monitor) the substance to be analyzed.
In this example, hydrocarbons, chlorophenols, and the like were used as the analysis target substances, and ionized by an atmospheric pressure chemical ion source. The detected signal is sent to the data processing unit 223, where necessary, converted into a concentration from a calibration curve, and sent to the control device 3.

The data processing unit 223 includes a motor unit 222
Is amplified by an amplifier 223a, and further processed by an arithmetic unit 223b if necessary.

Next, the control device 3 will be described. The control device 3 includes a combustion model 31, a model identification unit 32, an operation amount determination unit 33, and a data collection device 34.

FIG. 4 shows the structure of the combustion model 31. The combustion model 31 is composed of a stable combustion model 311 and a variable combustion model 312, and simulates a behavior in which unburned components occur at a peak in these two models. That is, a normal combustion state is simulated by the stable combustion model 311, and a state in which unburned components occur at a peak is simulated by the variable combustion model 312. Hereinafter, each model will be described in detail.

The stable combustion model 311 includes a refuse model 311a simulating refuse on a stoker, a combustion gas model 311b simulating a secondary combustion region, and a heat transfer model 311c simulating heat transfer of a boiler and a furnace wall. Garbage model 3
11a is divided into three models corresponding to a dry stoker, a burning stoker and a post-burning stoker. The refuse model 311a was modeled on the basis of a material balance equation and a heat balance equation with the following assumptions.

1) Garbage is divided into four components: moisture, volatile matter, char (fixed carbon content), and ash. 2) The temperature in each refuse model is the same.

3) The moisture and volatile components evaporated from the refuse are brought into the secondary combustion zone together with the primary air.

4) Chars that have reached a sufficient temperature will burn in the refuse model.

5) The ash does not react even if heat is applied, only the temperature rises.

An example of the model formula of each model is shown below.

[0039]

Where subscript i (i = w, b, c, a)
Each component of garbage (w: moisture, b: volatile, c: char (fixed carbon), a: ash) is shown. Also, i
n: Amount flowing into each garbage model, out: Outflow amount, los
s: Represents the amount of loss. The subscript j (j =
O ₂ , CO ₂ , b, w, N) are gas components (O ₂ : oxygen, CO ₂ : carbon dioxide, b: volatile matter, w: moisture, N:
It represents an inert gas (N _2, etc.)). The meanings of the other symbols are as follows.

G: amount of waste transferred [Kg / s], M: amount of retained waste [Kg], R: amount of change due to phase change and reaction,
F: Primary air gas flow rate [Kg / s], H: Enthalpy [J / Kg], Cp: Specific heat [J / KgK], Q1: Heat quantity given to refuse by primary air [J], Q2: Secondary combustion area Amount of heat [J], Q given to garbage by the above gas (mixed gas model)
3: The amount of heat [J] given to the refuse by the furnace wall, k ₁ : Coefficient for calculating the amount of oxygen consumed from the amount of char combustion k ₂ : A coefficient for obtaining the amount of carbon dioxide generated from the amount of char combustion.

Here, the inflow amount Gi _in of the waste is an amount determined by the amount and composition of the waste sent from the upstream of each stoker. That is, the amount of waste flowing into the waste model corresponding to the dry stoker is determined by the amount and composition of the waste supplied from the dust supply device. Further, the waste inflow of the waste model corresponding to the combustion stoker is determined from the waste outflow and the composition of the waste model corresponding to the dry stoker. Therefore, the composition of the refuse corresponding to each stoker for the stable combustion is determined by the composition of the refuse supplied from the dust supply device and the subsequent combustion state.

Also, Ri is the refuse retention amount Mi and the refuse temperature T.
It is generally determined by the value of Ri.
Is larger, and the higher the refuse temperature T, the larger the Ri.

The mixed gas model (combustion gas model) was modeled under the following assumptions.

1) The volatile components volatilized from the refuse are burned in the secondary combustion zone (within the mixed gas model).

2) The concentration of unburned components in the combustion gas is determined by the O ₂ concentration in the combustion gas, the gas temperature, and the secondary air flow rate.

Therefore, the step of obtaining the O ₂ concentration and the gas temperature from the flow rate and temperature of the primary air (each component) passing through the refuse layer and the amount of the secondary air, and the step of obtaining the O ₂ concentration, the gas temperature and the amount of the secondary air The model was constructed by dividing into two steps of calculating the concentration of unburned components.

The step of obtaining the O ₂ concentration and the gas temperature from the amount of refuse burned, the refuse temperature, and the amount of secondary air utilized a material balance equation and a heat balance equation. The formula is shown below.

[0049]

However, the symbols used in the formula are as follows.
F1: Primary air flow rate [Kg / s] passed through the refuse layer, F
2: Secondary air flow rate [Kg / s], Vmix: mixed combustion region gas volume [m ³ ], ρ: density [Kg / m ³ ], X: gas concentration [-], Tmix: secondary combustion region gas temperature [K].

Next, a step for obtaining the concentration of the unburned portion from the O ₂ concentration and the gas temperature will be described. Here, a statistical method was used. The relational expression is shown using CO as an example of the unburned component.

X _CO = AX _O2 ² + BX _O2 + Cexp (−Tmix) + DF2in (where A, B, C, and D are regression coefficients) In the present embodiment, a model was formed using a statistical method. For what is known, a model based on the reaction rate equation may be constructed.

The heat transfer model includes a boiler (heat exchanger) model and a furnace wall model. In the boiler model, the amount of steam generated is determined from the enthalpy of the exhaust gas. The furnace wall model simulates the transfer of gas, dust, and heat between the furnace walls. The model formula is as shown below.

[0054]

However, the symbols used in the formula are as follows.
Subscript st: steam, gas: exhaust gas, m: heat exchanger metal,
wall: furnace wall, Q9: calorie given to heat exchanger metal by exhaust gas, Q10: calorie given to steam by metal.

The above is an example of a model constructed based on physical expressions. These equations may be more detailed,
It may be simplified. In addition, a non-linear statistical model such as a neuro model may be used. Alternatively, a physical expression-based model and a nonlinear statistical model may coexist.

Next, the variable combustion model will be described.
The fluctuation combustion model models fluctuations in combustion. In other words, it is assumed that there is waste contributing to combustion fluctuations in addition to the stable combustion portion, and that the combustion of the waste consumes oxygen and generates a peak of unburned portion. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the variable combustion model consists only of the refuse model, and the output of the refuse model is the input of the mixed gas model of the stable combustion model. The model formula of the variable combustion model is shown below.

[0058]

The symbol "'" is a symbol indicating that the quantity is related to the variable combustion model.

Although the above equation is similar to the refuse model of the stable combustion model, there is a difference in the variable combustion model because only the portion contributing to combustion is extracted and modeled. The differences are as follows.

1) It is assumed that the moisture has just evaporated, and it is assumed that the composition consists only of volatile matter and char.

2) The amount of inflow and outflow due to the transfer of waste is not considered.

3) The amount of waste corresponding to the combustion fluctuation is 0 during stable combustion.
It is.

4) A certain amount of waste is estimated at the time when combustion fluctuation occurs (the initial stage in which unburned components occur at a peak).

5) The amount of primary air supplied to the variable waste is distributed according to the ratio of the stable combustion waste to the variable combustion waste.

According to such a combustion fluctuation model, the peak behavior of the unburned portion can be expressed as follows. As the temperature of the garbage for the combustion fluctuation increases, the amount of volatilization and the amount of combustion char increase, and the amount of oxygen consumption increases. However, at the same time, the amount of waste corresponding to the combustion fluctuation decreases, so that the amount of volatilization and the amount of combustion char show a peak at a certain value, and thereafter decrease. Similarly, the oxygen consumption peaks at a certain value and thereafter decreases. When the oxygen consumption due to the combustion fluctuation shows such characteristics, the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas temporarily decreases,
Will increase again. When the oxygen concentration decreases, the unburned portion tends to increase, and therefore, the unburned portion shows a behavior of generating a peak.

Next, the model identification unit 32 will be described.
The model identification unit 32 identifies model parameters of the stable combustion model and the variable combustion model. First, a method for identifying a model during stable combustion will be described. The tuning parameters of the stable combustion model are the amount of waste supplied, the composition of the waste, the reaction rate multiplier, and the like. These parameters are adjusted so that the relationship between the manipulated variable, the unburned matter concentration, and the evaporation amount matches the actual machine as much as possible in a state where the refuse is burning stably. However, the composition of the refuse is adjusted on the basis of the design value, and the parameters for determining the temperature dependence of the reaction rate are adjusted on the basis of the physical property values.

Next, identification of the combustion fluctuation will be described. Here, parameters common to the stable combustion model are not tuned. The parameters that must be identified in the combustion fluctuation model are the initial values of the amount, composition, and temperature of the waste for the combustion fluctuation. However, the composition was assumed to be the same ratio as in the stable combustion model. The initial value of the refuse temperature was set to 100 ° C., assuming that the temperature at which all the moisture was evaporated. Therefore, in the present embodiment, a method of identifying the amount of waste in the combustion fluctuation will be described. However, the phenomena are different between the case where the combustion fluctuations burn on the combustion stoker and the case where the combustion fluctuations burn on the dry stoker.

When the combustion fluctuation is burned on the combustion stoker, the amount of waste corresponding to the combustion fluctuation is stored on the combustion stoker. For example, this corresponds to a case where refuse having a higher moisture content than usual is supplied. In this case, since the refuse is supplied to the combustion stoker without being completely dried on the drying stoker, it does not contribute to combustion even though it is on the combustion stoker. In such a situation, the amount of garbage burning temporarily decreases,
Accordingly, the evaporation amount and the gas temperature decrease. Further, the moisture in the exhaust gas becomes larger than usual. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the amount of waste corresponding to the combustion fluctuation is estimated from the change in the state amount. However, these state quantities also change depending on the manipulated variables such as the air supply rate and the stalker speed. Therefore,
As shown in FIG. 5, the amount of evaporation, which is the output of the combustion model inputting the same operating conditions as the actual machine, was compared with the actual amount of evaporation, and the amount of dust was estimated assuming that the area indicated by the diagonal lines and the amount of waste were proportional. The proportional coefficient representing the relationship between the area indicated by the diagonal lines and the amount of waste can be determined from the heat balance, but since the model has a model error, it is desirable to determine the proportional coefficient from the stored actual device data.

Next, the case where the combustion fluctuations burn on the drying stoker will be described. For example, the case where the moisture content of the garbage on the dry stoker is lower than usual. In this case, the water content in the exhaust gas is lower than usual. The gas temperature rises accordingly, but the change is small. Therefore, the change in the amount of evaporation is also slight. Therefore, the amount of dust is estimated using the moisture in the exhaust gas as the state quantity in the same manner as in the method shown in FIG.

Another identification method will be described. In this identification method, the data showing the peak behavior of unburned parts was extracted from past operation results data, and the relationship between the amount of combustion fluctuation waste calculated from the unburned part peak waveform and the data related to the combustion state in the furnace was calculated. I asked. Data selected as the data relating to the combustion state, furnace temperature, the amount of evaporation, stoker a temperature, stoker speed, air flow rate, air temperature, O ₂ concentration, exhaust gas moisture concentration, a small amount unburnt concentration. Here, the trace unburned components are various hydrocarbons, chlorophenols, and the like measured by a high-precision unburned component measuring device. In this method, these data were used as input data and the amount of combustion fluctuation garbage was used as output data to learn the relationship between them using a neural network. However, the input data does not always use all the data shown above. It is desirable to omit data having a small correlation in advance.

Next, the operation amount determining section 33 will be described.
The operation amount determining unit 33 determines an operation amount at the time of operating the waste incinerator. The operation amount determination unit 33 includes an operation pattern generation unit and a determination unit as shown in FIG. The operation pattern generation unit generates a pattern of an operation amount for a certain period of time (hereinafter, referred to as an operation pattern). The operation pattern in this example was an operation pattern for 10 minutes. For example, the following operation patterns are registered in the operation pattern generation unit.

Operation pattern A: Constant operation amount Operation pattern B: Secondary air amount increases by 10% Operation pattern C: Primary air amount decreases by 10% Further, for example, the following new patterns are created from these patterns. Operation pattern D: Secondary air amount increased by 10% and primary air amount decreased by 10% Operation pattern E: Secondary air amount increased by 10 during t = 0 to t = 3
% Increase, primary air amount decrease during t = 1 to t = 4 These operation pattern candidates are input to the combustion model 31. In the combustion model 31, the generation pattern of the concentration of the unburned portion is output for each operation pattern and passed to the determination unit of the operation amount determination unit 33.

The determination section determines whether the operation pattern is good or bad based on the unburned portion generation pattern. In the present embodiment, the average value of the unburned matter concentration for 10 minutes after the operation was used as the evaluation value, and the operation pattern with the smallest evaluation value was used as the optimal operation pattern. However, the candidates for the optimal operation pattern are not limited to the operation pattern generated by the pattern generation unit. When an operation pattern and an unburned portion generation pattern at that time are stored as past operation result data in the operation pattern database, the operation pattern in the operation pattern database is also a candidate. However, the operation pattern selected here is such that “the state quantity representing the state in the furnace such as the amount of evaporation and O ₂ concentration is similar to the state quantity of the current incinerator, and the concentration of the unburned matter was reduced. Operation pattern ". Since the operation pattern stored in the operation pattern database also stores the unburned portion generation pattern when the operation is performed, it is necessary to calculate the unburned portion generation pattern using the combustion model 31. There is no. The selected operation pattern is sent to the waste incinerator 1 as a set value of each operation amount of the waste incinerator 1.

The above is a case where the operation amount is determined online using the combustion model. However, the effects of some operation patterns may be considered offline. In addition, if the calculation of the combustion model is completed in a very short time, even if it is considered offline or even online, G
An optimal operation pattern may be obtained by using a method such as A (Genetic Algorithm).

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.

The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in a refuse model of the unburned matter generation model and a model identification unit. FIG. 7 shows a combustion model of the second embodiment. Here, the refuse model is not divided into a stable combustion model and a combustion fluctuation model. The garbage model is divided into three so as to correspond to each stoker, and further divided into n stages in the garbage transfer direction in each stoker. Similar to the refuse model described in the first embodiment, the refuse model at each stage is constructed based on a material balance equation and a heat balance equation.

In the model identification section, in order to simulate the peak generation behavior of unburned components, the amount, composition and temperature of the refuse in the refuse model were identified according to the combustion state. In particular, combustion fluctuations were simulated by changing the amount, composition and temperature of the waste model corresponding to the latter stage of the drying stoker and the waste model corresponding to the former stage of the combustion stoker.

For example, when the moisture content of the refuse on the dry stoker is lower than usual and the water content in the measured exhaust gas is small, the amount of moisture contained in the refuse after the dry stoker is reduced. In particular, when the peak of the unburned portion occurs, the water content is set to zero.

Further, when the moisture in the waste on the combustion stoker is large and the waste before the combustion stoker is not burning, the amount of generated steam decreases. Therefore, the state is changed back to a state in which the waste at the stage preceding the combustion stoker is not burned by calculating backward from the reduced amount of generated steam. That is, the volatile content and the char content of the waste are increased, and the waste temperature is lowered.

In the second embodiment, the amount of waste in the waste model
By sequentially identifying the composition and the refuse temperature, it is possible to simulate combustion fluctuations and to simulate the behavior in which unburned components occur at a peak.

Next, a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The third embodiment differs from the first and second embodiments in the operation amount determining unit 33. The manipulated variable determiner 33 in the third embodiment includes a combustion state determiner 331, a stable combustion manipulated variable determiner 332, and a variable combustion manipulated variable determiner 333.
Consists of In the present embodiment, the method of determining the manipulated variable is changed depending on the combustion state.

The concentration of unburned matter measured by the exhaust gas analyzer 2 via the data collector 34 is input to the combustion state determiner 331. The combustion state is determined based on whether or not the input concentration of the unburned portion exceeds a certain reference value. If the concentration of the unburned portion is lower than the reference value, it is determined that the combustion is stable, and if the concentration exceeds the reference value, it is determined that the combustion is variable. The determination result is passed to the stable combustion operation amount determination unit 332 and the variable combustion operation amount determination unit 333.

The stable combustion manipulated variable determiner 332 operates only when the result of the determination is stable combustion. In the present embodiment, the algorithm for determining the manipulated variable is constructed based on the “Fuzzy Rule”. An example of a rule is, for example, "If the evaporation is large,
The combustion air amount is reduced ", and is configured by rules representing the relationship between the measured state amount and the operation amount.

The operation of the variable combustion manipulated variable determiner 333 is as follows.
This is the same as the operation of the manipulated variable determiner 33 in the first embodiment. That is, the third embodiment shows a control device that determines the manipulated variable by using the combustion model 31 only when the combustion state becomes a variable combustion state and the unburned portion occurs at a peak.

[0086]

As described above, the manipulated variable is determined so as to minimize the generation of unburned components by using the combustion model simulating the peak generation behavior of unburned components. Generation can be suppressed to a lower level.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an outline of a refuse incinerator.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an outline of a high-precision unburned matter measuring device.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration of a combustion model.

FIG. 5 is a view showing a method of model identification.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an operation amount determination unit.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the combustion model.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing another example of the operation amount determination unit.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Refuse incinerator, 2 ... Exhaust gas analyzer, 3 ... Control device, 11 ... Refuse incinerator, 12 ... Exhaust gas treatment device, 21 ...
Various gas analyzers, 22 ... High-precision unburned gas analyzer, 31
... Combustion model, 32 ... Model identification unit, 33 ... Manipulation amount determination unit, 34 ... Data collection device, 221 ... Gas pre-processing unit, 2
22 monitor unit, 223 data processing unit, 222a atmospheric pressure chemical ion source, 222b mass analysis unit, 223a
Amplifier, 223b: arithmetic unit, 311: stable combustion model,
312: Fluctuation combustion model.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Hiroshi Matsumoto 7-1-1, Omikacho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Inside the Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd. (72) Inventor Masahide Nomura 7-1 Omikamachi, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture No. 1 Inside Hitachi, Ltd.Hitachi Research Laboratory (72) Inventor Ryuhei Kawabe 7-1-1, Omikacho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Inside Hitachi, Ltd.Hitachi Research Laboratory (72) Inventor Go Go Kawano Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture 7-1-1, Omikacho Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd. (72) Inventor Shigeki Takekawa 882, Oji-shi, Hitachi, Ibaraki Pref. BA02 DA01 DA16 DA21 DA22 DA23 DA27 DA40

Claims (11)

[Claims] An operation control method for a waste incinerator having a waste incinerator and an exhaust gas treatment facility, wherein the relationship between the operation amount of the waste incinerator and at least the concentration of unburned components in the combustion gas is represented. A combustion model that simulates a state in which the minute peak occurs, and among the operating data of the refuse incinerator, the combustion model is identified using variables used for input / output of the model, and the identified combustion model is identified. A method for controlling the operation of a refuse incineration apparatus, comprising determining an operation amount of the refuse incineration apparatus for reducing an amount of unburned components by utilizing the control method. 2. The method for controlling operation of a refuse incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the combustion model is a stable combustion model simulating a stable combustion state in the refuse incinerator and a fluctuation of the combustion state in the refuse incinerator. And a combustion fluctuation model that simulates the following. 3. The method for controlling operation of a refuse incinerator according to claim 1, wherein said refuse incinerator is a stoker-type refuse incinerator, and said combustion model is a refuse model and a refuse simulating a state of refuse on a stoker. A combustion gas model simulating the state of combustion gas in the incinerator, wherein the refuse model is divided into a plurality of elements for each stoker, and at least the amount of moisture and combustible components among the components of the refuse for each element. Has as a model parameter, calculates at least the temperature of the refuse and the volatilization amount of the combustible content, the combustion gas model calculates the combustion gas temperature from at least the volatilization amount of the combustible content calculated by the refuse model, A method for controlling operation of a refuse incinerator, wherein parameters of the combustion model are identified using input / output variables of the combustion model in the operation data. 4. The operation control method for a refuse incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the model output of the combustion model is at least a steam generation amount.
A method for controlling the operation of a refuse incinerator, wherein the identification is performed by comparing the model output with actual machine data, which is one of a combustion gas temperature and a moisture content in the combustion gas. 5. The operation control method for a refuse incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the identification is performed based on the operation data before the peak of the unburned portion and the operation data at the time of the peak of the unburned portion. The operation data before the occurrence of the peaks of the minute were: furnace temperature, evaporation amount, stoker temperature, stoker speed, air flow rate, air temperature, O ₂ concentration in combustion gas, moisture concentration in combustion gas, and various carbonization in combustion gas. the concentration of hydrogen acids, is at least one of the chlorophenols in the combustion gases, operating data during unburned peak occurs, the peak waveform of the unburned concentration, O ₂ concentration waveform, at least the amount of evaporation of the waveform 1
An operation control method for a refuse incinerator. 6. The operation control method for a waste incinerator according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of candidates for the operation amount of the waste incinerator are input to the combustion model, and the unburned concentration is calculated from the unburned concentration output. By selecting the lowest manipulated variable, comparing the obtained manipulated variable with the manipulated variable that can lower the unburned matter concentration obtained from past driving data, the operating amount with the lower unburned matter concentration is the garbage incinerator. An operation control method for a refuse incinerator, characterized in that the operation amount is determined as an operation amount. 7. An operation control device for a refuse incinerator having a refuse incinerator and an exhaust gas treatment facility, wherein at least the relationship between the operation amount of the refuse incinerator and the concentration of unburned components in the combustion gas is represented. A combustion model that simulates a state in which a peak occurs, a model identification unit that identifies the combustion model using variables used for input and output of the combustion model in operation data of the waste incinerator, and a model identification unit. An operation amount determining unit that determines an operation amount of the waste incinerator that reduces the amount of unburned components using the combustion model identified by the operation model. 8. The operation control device for a refuse incinerator according to claim 7, wherein the combustion model includes a stable combustion model simulating a combustion state in a stable combustion state in the refuse incinerator; An operation control device for a refuse incinerator, comprising a combustion fluctuation model simulating fluctuations in the combustion state of the waste. 9. An operation control device for a waste incinerator having a waste incinerator and an exhaust gas treatment facility, and an exhaust gas analyzer for analyzing the unburned matter concentration in the exhaust gas and at least one of the oxygen concentration and the water content. In the refuse incineration system provided with: the operation control device represents a relationship between an unburned component concentration in the combustion gas, at least one of the oxygen concentration and the water content, and an operation amount of the refuse incineration device, and A combustion model that simulates a state in which a minute peak occurs, a model identification unit that identifies the combustion model using variables used for input and output of the combustion model in operating data of the refuse incinerator, and a model identification unit. An operation amount determination unit that determines an operation amount of the refuse incinerator that reduces the generation amount of unburned components using the combustion model identified by the unit, wherein the measurement value of the exhaust gas analyzer is used to determine the operation amount. Waste incineration systems, wherein the identification of the baked model is performed. 10. The waste incineration system according to claim 9, wherein the unburned matter measured by said exhaust gas analyzer is CO.
And a hydrocarbon and a dioxin precursor. 11. A method for controlling the operation of a refuse incinerator having a refuse incinerator and an exhaust gas treatment facility, wherein the relationship between the operation amount of the refuse incinerator and the concentration of at least the unburned portion in the combustion gas is represented. A combustion model that simulates a state in which a minute peak occurs, and among the operating data of the refuse incinerator, the combustion model is identified using variables used for input / output of the model. When the concentration of the unburned portion of the operation data is equal to or higher than a certain reference value, determining an operation amount of the refuse incinerator that reduces the generation amount of the unburned portion using the identified combustion model. A method for controlling operation of a refuse incineration apparatus, comprising: