JP2000185992A - Organic fertilizer and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To produce an organic fertilizer having excellent soil improving effects and manifesting also effects as a fertilizer. SOLUTION: This organic fertilizer contains a compost prepared by fermenting an organic substance which can be deposited and fermented and present in a state thereof mixed with a porous baked substance containing carbon having the surface coated with ceramics. The compost and the porous baked substance are mixed in (30-70):(70-30) volume ratio. The organic fertilizer can be produced by mixing the organic substance which has the moisture content regulated to 70-85% and can be deposited and fermented with the porous baked substance containing the carbon having the surface coated with the ceramics in 100:(40-80) volume ration and depositing and fermenting the resultant mixture. At that time, an organic substance selected from the group consisting of bean- curd refuse, brewer's grain, Shochu (a low-class distilled spirit) by-product feed, Sake lees, coffee bean pulp, wine marc or pomace, poultry manure, bovine manure, porcine manure and garbage can be utilized as the organic fertilizer.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an organic fertilizer obtained by depositing and fermenting organic substances such as "okara" and beer meal that can be deposited and fermented together with a special porous fired body, and provides excellent soil improvement. For those that show an effect. The invention also relates to a method for producing such an organic fertilizer.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Okara, which is a squeezed residue when tofu is made, is partially used for edible use or as feed for livestock. Or the water content is 70
After removing water until it reaches ~ 85% (usually about 80%), it is taken to a waste disposal company for incineration. Although the cost of incineration is a major problem, And no effective usage has been proposed. Also, this "okara" is about 4 hours at room temperature
If you leave it for one day, it will rot and give off odor,
Must be processed immediately. This is because in the case of "okara", spoilage occurs before fermentation. Similar to such "okara", beer cake, shochu cake, sake cake, coffee cake, wine cake, chicken dung, cow dung, pig dung, garbage, etc. that are discharged in large quantities with a certain amount of water However, if left as it is, rot occurs without fermentation, and the waste is incinerated without any proposal for an effective method of using the waste, and the burden of disposal is a major problem.

[0003]

An object of the present invention is to effectively utilize organic wastes such as "okara" and beer grounds, and to obtain an excellent product obtained by depositing and fermenting these organic materials without spoiling. It is to provide an organic fertilizer having a soil improvement effect. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method capable of easily producing an organic fertilizer having such properties. The inventor of the present invention has added a predetermined volume ratio of a porous fired body obtained by coating a ceramic on a surface of carbon to an organic substance capable of being deposited and fermented having a constant moisture content, and mixing and depositing the same. It has been found that fermentation takes place before putrefaction and that organic fertilizer exhibiting an excellent soil improvement effect can be obtained by depositing and fermenting the fermentation for a certain period of time, thereby completing the present invention.

[0004]

The organic fertilizer of the present invention is obtained by mixing a compost obtained by fermenting an organic substance which can be deposited and fermented, and a porous fired body having a carbon-coated ceramic surface. It exists in a state, and the mixing ratio of the compost and the porous fired body is 30 to 70:70 to 30 in volume ratio. or,
The present invention provides the organic fertilizer, wherein the compost comprises an okara, an organic matter selected from the group consisting of beer grounds, shochu grounds, liquor grounds, coffee grounds, wine grounds, chicken dung, cow dung, pig dung and garbage. It is also characterized by being obtained by sedimentation and fermentation.

Further, the production method of the present invention for producing such an organic fertilizer is characterized in that the surface of the carbon and the organic substance capable of being deposited and fermented are adjusted to a water content of 70 to 85% by ceramics. Is mixed with a porous fired body in a volume ratio of 100: 40 to 80, and the obtained mixture is deposited and fermented. In this case, as an organic substance that can be deposited and fermented, Those selected from the group consisting of okara, beer grounds, shochu grounds, sake grounds, coffee grounds, wine grounds, chicken dung, cow dung, pig dung and garbage are preferred.

[0006]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION First, the organic fertilizer of the present invention having an excellent soil improvement effect will be described. The organic fertilizer of the present invention is usually a compost obtained by depositing and fermenting organic matter in which rotting occurs prior to fermentation without causing spoilage, and a powder having porosity obtained by coating ceramics on the surface of carbon. And compost and a porous fired body of 30 to 7
0: 70-30 volume ratio, preferably 40-60: 60
It has the form of a mixture that is present in a homogeneously mixed state at a volume ratio of ４０40. The porous fired body contained in the organic fertilizer of the present invention has a function of depositing and fermenting organic matter that can be deposited and fermented without spoiling, and the porous fired body is made of carbon (carbon). And ceramic components as the main components, and carbon among them is derived from flammable organic substances containing carbon components, such flammable organic substances are solid and flammable and change to carbides when fired. However, it is preferable that the material be granular before firing, such as wood (thinned wood, unused wood resources such as pruned street trees), agricultural residues such as fir husks, and coffee residues. Can be Further, as the ceramics for coating the surface of the carbon, those derived from inorganic substances contained in various clays are preferable, such as, for example, hylosite and kaolinite, and among them, the effect of suppressing the oxidation of the combustibles is effective. Bentonite (main composition: SiO ₂ and Al ₂ O ₃ ) is preferred in terms of its superiority.

The porous fired body contained in the organic fertilizer of the present invention generally has a ceramic content of 7%.
0 to 40% by weight, preferably 70 to 50% by weight;
The carbon content is 30 to 60% by weight, preferably 30 to 5%.
0% by weight. This means that the carbon content is 30% by weight.
A fired body having an extremely small amount of ceramic and exceeding 70% by weight of the ceramic has a small specific surface area (pore volume), so that fermentation does not proceed well even when mixed with an organic substance that can be deposited and fermented. May cause decay,
Conversely, in a fired body having a carbon content extremely exceeding 60% by weight and a ceramics content extremely less than 40% by weight, sedimentation and fermentation proceeds well because the carbonized material is incinerated without being carbonized at the time of firing. May not.

In order to produce a porous fired body having the above composition, 100 parts by weight of a flammable organic substance and 5 to 15 parts by weight of a clay are added and kneaded in the presence of water, and the surface of the flammable organic substance is kneaded. Is uniformly coated with clay, and then calcined at a temperature of about 700 to 850 ° C., and one example thereof is shown below. Raw materials such as fir husks, sawdust and coffee residue (adjusted to contain about 70% by weight of water) are crushed using a crusher, and the crushed product 1
After adding 5 to 15 parts by weight of clay to 00 parts by weight,
After kneading with a kneader and uniformly covering the surface of the pulverized raw material with clay, the obtained pulverized material is transferred to a carbonization furnace (rotary carbonization furnace) through a charging hopper and uniformly heated in the carbonization furnace. When the temperature inside the furnace reaches 500 ° C., the surface of the crushed raw material (internal material) is sealed,
When the temperature reaches 600 ° C., raw gas is generated from the internal material. When the temperature is further increased to 650 ° C., the raw gas ignites and the material itself starts self-combustion. It is up to this point that the energy supply for combustion is required, after which self-combustion continues and the temperature rises to about 850 ° C.
The residue is also burned, and the product is transferred from the furnace to the cooling hopper when the gas has burned out, and cooled by the cooling hopper to obtain a porous fired body. A porous fired body having a large specific surface area can be obtained by such combustion because the space occupied by the ultrafine bubbles and residues generated inside the material at the stage of self-combustion becomes all hollow. This is because pores are formed on the surface of the carbide. The porous fired body manufactured in this manner is generally 20
Specific surface area of ６００600 m ² / g (calculated according to the BET method)
And its pH is 9-10. The particle size of the porous fired body in the organic fertilizer of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is generally about 0.1 to 10 mm.

[0009] On the other hand, the compost contained in the organic fertilizer of the present invention is usually made of an organic substance that spoils before fermentation, and this organic substance is mixed and deposited together with the porous fired body described above. It is obtained by fermentation for a certain period of time without spoiling, and the type of organic matter that can produce this compost by sedimentation fermentation is not particularly limited, but effective use of waste and waste From the point of processing cost reduction, it is obtained by depositing and fermenting organic matter selected from the group consisting of okara, beer grounds, shochu grounds, sake grounds, coffee grounds, wine grounds, chicken dung, cow dung, pig dung and garbage. The organic fertilizers of the present invention, including composts obtained therefrom, all exhibit excellent soil improvement effects. Generally, “okara” discharged and disposed of during tofu production is dehydrated to a water content of about 80% by a screw press or a roller squeezing machine, and the water content of beer waste discharged during beer production is reduced. The amount is also about 80%. In the present invention, since the water content of the porous fired body is less than 5%,
Thus, the conditions suitable for sedimentation and fermentation can be easily obtained without further dehydrating the organic matter having a large water content, and this organic matter can be used as a starting material as a compost component as it is. There is an advantage that is.

[0010] In the organic fertilizer of the present invention, the compost and the porous fired body are 30 to 70: 70 to 30.
, Preferably in a uniformly mixed state at a volume ratio of 40-60: 60-40,
Increasing the ratio of organic matter that can be deposited and fermented increases the content of compost in theory, but in practice, putrefaction proceeds more than fermentation, and a product useful as an organic fertilizer cannot be obtained. However, when the ratio of organic matter that can be deposited and fermented is small, this organic matter ferments without decay, and a mixture of compost and a porous fired body is obtained.However, since the mixing ratio of compost is small, sufficient It does not become an organic fertilizer having a plant growth promoting effect.

Next, the production method of the present invention for producing the above-mentioned organic fertilizer will be described. In this production method, the organic matter capable of being deposited and fermented with a water content adjusted to 70 to 85%, and the porous fired body described above are mixed in a ratio of 100: 40 to 80
, Preferably in a volume ratio of 100: 50 to 70, and the resulting mixture is deposited and fermented. This is because the pH of the body is alkaline, and the fermentation bacteria prefer weak alkalinity, and the pH of the organic fertilizer, which is the final product, is also alkaline (approximately about 9, usually 8.5 to 9.5).
5). In the production method of the present invention, when the above-mentioned organic substance and the porous fired body are mixed, the temperature naturally rises, and after the sedimentation and fermentation period of about 2 to 7 weeks, the above-mentioned organic fertilizer is obtained. At this time, if the sedimentation and fermentation period is shorter than 2 weeks, fermentation is insufficient and the effect as a fertilizer is low. Conversely, if the sedimentation and fermentation period exceeds 7 weeks, the organic component decreases and the charcoal (sumi) is reduced. And the effect as fertilizer decreases. To stop the progress of fermentation, the sedimentation fermentation period 2-7
Oxygen may be cut off at about the time of about a week, and the organic fertilizer of the present invention can be stored for a long period of time without lowering the fertilizer effect by being in the form of a product filled in an oxygen-shielding bag. is there. In addition, in the production method of the present invention, the porous fired body has a porous structure, so that the air permeability during the sedimentation and fermentation is improved. This eliminates the need for switching back. Further, the porous fired body has a great deodorizing power, and has an advantage of sharply reducing the generation of offensive odor during the deposition and fermentation.

In the present invention, when the moisture content of the organic material which can be deposited and fermented as a starting material is 90% or more, the moisture content is increased to 70 to 85% by adding sawdust or waste medium.
If, for example, the water content of the used “okara” is 90%, the water content is adjusted to about 80% by adding sawdust. This eliminates the need for complicated operations such as further dehydration treatment, and the production method of the present invention can be performed very easily. Also, if the outside air temperature is 2
If the temperature exceeds 5 ° C., the fermentation may proceed excessively. To prevent this, the fermentation rate is adjusted by adding about 10 to 30% by weight of “saw flour” to the total weight. be able to. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0013]

EXAMPLES Example 1 Production Example of Porous Fired Body 10 parts by weight of bentonite were added to 100 parts by weight of a fir shell whose water content was adjusted to about 70% by weight, and kneaded for about 15 minutes with a kneader. After uniformly covering the surface of the raw material with bentonite, the material is heated to 650 ° C. in a rotary kiln, and thereafter fired by self-combustion. After the combustion is completed, the fired material is transferred to a cooling hopper and cooled, and the final product is cooled. Was taken out to obtain a porous fired body. The results of the quantitative analysis of the porous fired body obtained in this manner are as follows: Si: 2
5.9%, Fe: 0.96%, Al: 2.68%, C
a: 0.50%, Na: 0.76%, Mg: 0.40
%, P: 0.20%, S: 0.07%, Cl ⁻ : 0.3
4%, K: 1.53%, which corresponds to SiO ₂ and A
When converted to l ₂ O ₃ , 55.4% by weight of SiO ₂ , 1
This corresponds to 0.1% by weight of Al ₂ O ₃ . The pH of the fired body (according to JIS-K1474) was 9.3.

Example 2: Production example of organic fertilizer of the present invention "okara" (water content: about 8) discharged during tofu production
(0%) 65 parts by volume of the porous fired body obtained in Example 1 was added to 100 parts by volume, and the mixture was stirred to deposit the obtained mixture. Then, usually "okara", which rots within 4 hours to 1 day, starts fermentation without rot,
After 6 weeks of sedimentation and fermentation, the organic fertilizer of the present invention was obtained without the necessity of cutting back. The organic fertilizer thus obtained contains about 50% by volume of a compost component produced by fermentation of "okara", and contains about 50% by volume of a porous fired body.
It was contained in a bag having an oxygen shielding property so that it could be stored without deteriorating the performance until it was used as an organic fertilizer. The analysis test results of this organic fertilizer are as follows.

[0015]

[Table 1]

As shown in Table 1, this organic fertilizer contains all of a nitrogen component, a phosphate component, and a kari component. When this organic fertilizer is mixed with soil and used, it has a plant growth promoting effect. It was confirmed that the soil improvement effect was excellent.

[0017]

According to the organic fertilizer of the present invention, the effect of the compost component generated by fermentation of organic matter as an organic fertilizer and the effect of soil improvement (reforming) by a porous fired body having a large specific surface area are synergistic. It is effectively exhibited. Further, the organic fertilizer of the present invention can be manufactured from raw materials that have been disposed of so far, so that the manufacturing cost is reduced (the conventional organic fertilizer was about 30 yen / liter,
In the present invention, it can be manufactured at about 10 yen / liter).
It is possible to promote the reuse of resources and to reduce the processing cost required for disposing of these raw materials. Moreover,
The present invention also has an effect that the amount of carbon dioxide generated by incineration can be reduced. Furthermore, in the case of the production method of the present invention, the aeration effect of the porous fired body allows the sedimentation and fermentation to proceed without performing the reversal work required in the conventional production of compost, and the management of fermentation conditions is easy. There is also the advantage that there is.

Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme court (reference)

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. An organic fertilizer wherein a compost obtained by fermenting an organic matter capable of being deposited and fermented and a porous fired body having a surface of carbon coated with ceramics are mixed and present, An organic fertilizer, wherein the mixing ratio of the compost and the porous fired body is 30 to 70:70 to 30 in volume ratio. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compost comprises depositing and fermenting an organic substance selected from the group consisting of okara, beer ground, shochu ground, sake ground, coffee grounds, wine ground, chicken dung, cow dung, pig dung and garbage. The organic fertilizer according to claim 1, which is obtained by the following method. 3. A method for producing an organic fertilizer having an effect of improving soil, comprising the steps of: depositing and fermenting an organic substance having a water content adjusted to 70 to 85%; and coating a surface of carbon with ceramics. A method for producing an organic fertilizer, comprising: mixing a porous fired body in a volume ratio of 100: 40 to 80, depositing the resulting mixture, and fermenting the mixture. 4. The organic matter capable of being deposited and fermented is selected from the group consisting of okara, beer ground, shochu ground, sake ground, coffee grounds, wine ground, chicken dung, cow dung, pig dung, and garbage. The method for producing an organic fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein