JP2001198554A - Treatment process for bean-curd refuse or food residue - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To convert bean-curd refuse or a food residue into a fertilizer in a short time with simplified adjustment. SOLUTION: This treatment process comprises mixing bean-curd refuse or a food residue, a porous powder and soil bacteria in which aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria coexist, together while heating them or without heating them.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a method for treating okara or / and food residue for applying waste okara / food residue to fertilizers, feed bulking agents and other uses.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Okara is a soybean meal produced during the production of tofu, and is produced in an amount of about 1.5 times the amount of soybean used as a raw material. The produced okara contains not only 80 to 90% of water but also a large amount of protein, so that it rots early and emits a bad smell. The same applies to remaining food residues such as fish residues and meat residues used in canned foods, dried meats, and other processed foods, which contain a large amount of water and protein, and therefore emit odors due to spoilage.

[0003] As a treatment of food residue from these okara,
Landfilling, incineration, concrete solidification, etc. are performed, but landfilling requires a large land area, incineration requires a large amount of fuel, and concrete solidification requires concrete materials, and has some problems. .

[0004] For these reasons, various biochemical treatments for fermentation and decomposition using microorganisms have been developed. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 8-217585 describes that fermentation of okara from microorganisms such as actinomycetes and lactic acid bacteria to compost. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-217579 describes that fermentation of okara and fish and shellfish residues into fertilizer by a specific aerobic bacterium is described.

[0005]

However, all of the biochemical treatments developed so far activate microbes, so that the water content, properties, environment, and other conditions of okara and food residues are finely adjusted. It needs to be adjusted and the process is cumbersome. For example, when an aerobic bacterium is used, an operation of periodically mixing and stirring to supply air into the processed material is required.

[0006] Further, when the microorganisms do not conform to the environmental conditions, there is a problem that the activity of the microorganisms is hindered, the reaction such as fermentation takes a long time, and an odor is generated. Furthermore, in the conventional biochemical treatment, the reaction product such as compost is solidified, and therefore, it is necessary to pulverize it to obtain a product, and an extra step is required.

The present invention has been made in consideration of such problems in biochemical treatment, and the reaction conditions can be easily adjusted, the treatment can be performed in a short time, and the product is shipped as it is. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for treating food residues, which is a new type of okara that can be used.

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above object, the invention of claim 1 is characterized by comprising okara or / and food residue,
It is characterized in that the porous powder is mixed with a soil bacterium in which aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria are mixed while heating.

The invention of claim 2 is the invention of claim 1, wherein a powder obtained by calcining perlite and / or a powder obtained by calcining shale is used as the porous powder. Features.

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the present invention, porous powder and soil bacteria are used for okara or / and food residue as a raw material.

Okara and food residues may be used individually as raw materials, or okara and food residues may be mixed and used as raw materials.
The mixing ratio when these are mixed is not particularly limited, and can be arbitrarily selected.

These raw materials must have a water content within a certain range in order for soil bacteria to decompose and ferment. This water content varies depending on the type of soil bacteria used, but is preferably in the range of 50 to 80%. Normal okara and food residues contain 80-90% moisture. When the material has such a water content, the raw material is heated to adjust the water content in order to obtain the above-mentioned water content. The heat treatment can be performed by a commonly used method, and thus can be easily performed. Also, in this case, 8
Adjusting the moisture from 0-90% to 50-80%
Since the amount of water to be volatilized is small, there is no need to use a large amount of fuel.

When the raw material is in the above-mentioned range of water content, it is not necessary to perform the heat treatment, and the raw material can be used as it is for the treatment described later. Therefore, there is an advantage that the processing is further simplified.

The porous powder is a powder having a large number of pores not only on the surface and more preferably on the surface but also on the inside. The porosity of the porous powder is 20 to 40.
vol%, preferably about 30 vol%. Such porous powders include pearlite, obsidian, pearlite powder obtained by calcining pine stone, shale calcined and sintered powder, diatomaceous earth calcined powder, zeolite powder, and shirasu. It is possible to select a porous powder made from rocks such as powder and pumice powder, a carbon-containing porous powder such as coke powder and activated carbon powder, and other powders. These porous powders may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Pearlite is a kind of obsidian which is a vitreous volcanic rock, and its cut is similar to many pearls. When this perlite is calcined to remove volatile components inside, it becomes pearlite powder which is a porous powder having many very fine pores. The porosity of this pearlite powder is 7
0 to 90 vol%. Such pearlite powder is porous, having both water permeability and water retention, so that it can impart many favorable conditions to the roots of plants. Therefore, it is widely used for the purpose of increasing the soil strength. Further, perlite powder is also used as a filler for beer filtration and livestock feed, and is therefore a raw material having oral safety.

The same applies to obsidian and pine stone, and when baked, it becomes porous pearlite powder having fine pores.

[0017] Shale is a flake that is exfoliated in the form of flakes, such as claystone and siltstone, and contains a large amount of organic matter. Accordingly, the organic substance is thermally decomposed by firing, and is volatilized as a gas by the pyrolysis. As a result, a porous powder having many fine pores is obtained. This powder also has high strength, which is a unique property of shale. Therefore, it is suitable for treating food residues mixed with hard substances such as bones. Such shale becomes a porous powder because organic matter is thermally decomposed even by sintering.

Diatomaceous earth is formed by the accumulation and solidification of the remains of living organisms. Organic substances are thermally decomposed by firing, so that they become porous powder. Zeolite, shirasu, and pumice have fine pores themselves, and become porous powder by pulverization.

The carbon-containing porous powder such as coke powder and activated carbon powder is porous by itself and can be used as it is or after being pulverized.

The upper limit of the particle size of the powder is 5
mm, and the lower limit includes fine powder that cannot be measured. The mixing ratio in the treatment is preferably 1/5 to 1/30 of the okara and food residues, and more preferably about 1/5 to 1/15.

Such a porous powder can absorb the moisture of okara and food residues and reduce the apparent moisture to the extent that soil bacteria can be fermented. In addition, the air in the pores effectively acts to decompose okara and food residues. Furthermore, soil bacteria can enter and propagate in the pores. As a result, the decomposition and fermentation of soybean and food residues by soil bacteria progress stably, so that the decomposition and fermentation can be performed uniformly and in a short time.

As the soil bacterium, a mixture of aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria is used. The raw material becomes an aerobic environment when the porous powder is mixed, and under this aerobic environment, aerobic bacteria mainly act effectively. Then, as the fermentation and decomposition are performed, the raw material becomes an anaerobic environment, and in the anaerobic environment, anaerobic bacteria mainly act effectively. Therefore, since fermentation and decomposition can be continuously performed on okara and food residues, the processing can be completed in a short time.
In addition, since anaerobic and aerobic properties are not required, adjustment of raw materials in accordance with these environments becomes unnecessary, and adjustment or operation is unnecessary or simple. Furthermore, since it is a soil fungus, it can be supplied stably.

The soil fungi used are those having an activity of decomposing and fermenting organic substances such as proteins, fats and carbohydrates, fibers, inorganic substances, and other substances contained in okara and food residues. .

The aerobic bacteria include one or more of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, aerobic yeast, cellulose-degrading bacteria, filamentous fungi, methane-degrading bacteria, sulfur-degrading bacteria, ammonia-degrading bacteria, and aerobic photosynthetic bacteria. You can choose.

As the anaerobic bacteria, Bacillus bacteria, lactic acid bacteria,
One or a plurality of anaerobic yeasts and anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria can be selected.

The mixing ratio of soil bacteria for performing fermentation and decomposition in a short time is 0.1 to 20%, preferably about 0.5 to 5% with respect to the raw material.

In fermentation and decomposition by soil fungi, the temperature rises due to these reactions, and after reaching the peak of the reaction, the temperature falls. In response to these temperature changes, the water content decreases continuously as the reaction proceeds. For this reason, as an end point of fermentation and decomposition, it is preferable to use the water content as a guide. The water content as the end point is preferably about 20% by weight.

In the present invention, a small amount of additives may be mixed in addition to the soil bacteria and the porous powder. As this additive, those that promote the propagation of soil bacteria are preferred.

The above-mentioned okara or / and food residue, porous powder and soil bacteria are mixed and treated. The mixing order is
There is no particular limitation, and porous powder may be added to okara or / and food residue, and then soil bacteria may be added. It may be added to food residue, soil bacteria may be added to okara or / and food residue, and then porous powder may be added. Further, okara or / and food residue, porous powder, soil Bacteria may be mixed simultaneously. Of these mixing orders,
When the porous powder is first added to the okara or / and food residue, the porous powder absorbs the water of the okara or / and food residue, and the water content is determined as the activity level of soil bacteria. Is particularly good because it can be reduced to

For the mixing, a commonly used mixing stirrer can be used. In addition, heating is performed during mixing. The heating temperature is set to 60 to 80 °, which is a temperature at which soil bacteria can be actively activated. This heating promotes the propagation of soil bacteria, thereby improving the rate of fermentation and decomposition of okara and food residues.

The mixing and heating are performed until the soil bacteria start to be activated. For example, the mixing and heating are stopped by continuing the mixing and heating for about 1 to 20 hours. Therefore, after the soil bacteria are activated, stop mixing and heating,
Leave as it is. It can be used as an additive for fertilizers and feeds by being aged in about 20 days while being left as it is. The aged fertilizer is in a powder form without coagulation, and can be used as it is as a fertilizer, an additive for feed, or a soil conditioner for decomposing organic matter in soil to compost. During the standing, mixing and heating may be performed intermittently.
Fermentation and decomposition by soil bacteria can be promoted.

[0032]

EXAMPLES (Example 1) Pearlite was pulverized into crushed stone, and preliminarily processed crushed stone was fired to produce pearlite powder.
This pearlite powder was a mixture of various particle sizes, and could be effectively used as it was in the treatment, so that the particle size was not measured. When the porosity of this pearlite powder was measured, it was about 77% by volume.

300 liters of this perlite powder were put into 3 tons of okara in a mixing stirrer, and the stirring blades of the mixing stirrer were driven to mix. Thereafter, 30 Kg of a bacterial base containing about 70% by weight of the soil bacteria was charged into a mixing stirrer, and mixed in the same manner while heating to about 60 ° C.

As the soil fungus, a natural soil fungus was used. When the soil bacteria were cultured and analyzed, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, yeasts, cellulose-degrading bacteria, filamentous fungi, methane-degrading bacteria, and ammonia-degrading bacteria were used as aerobic bacteria, and Bacillus, lactic acid, and anaerobic yeast were used as anaerobic bacteria. It contained bacteria.

After completion of the above mixing and heating, the mixture was left at room temperature in a mixing stirrer to observe its properties. As a result, the powder was in a smooth and dry state without stickiness after 36 hours without generating offensive odor. This is because all of the okara was fermented and decomposed. Then, it was aged at room temperature for 20 days. The properties of the aged product remained as a free-flowing, non-coagulated powder, and could be used directly as a fertilizer.

The above-mentioned heating is performed for adjusting the water content and activating the soil bacteria. In this embodiment, the fermentation and decomposition can be performed by gentle heating at about 60 ° C. This is because the porous pearlite powder absorbs water from the okara, and is adjusted to a water region suitable for activating soil bacteria. Therefore, it is possible to save heat resources required for heating.
When equalization and speeding up of processing are required, it is preferable to perform mixing operation continuously during fermentation and decomposition, but intermittently perform mixing operation during fermentation and decomposition to simplify processing. You may make it.

In this example, a large amount of 3 tons of okara could be fermented and decomposed in a short time of 36 hours, and no odor was generated during the treatment.
The conventional biochemical treatment takes 10 to 15 days and produces an odor, which is an extremely effective treatment. This is because, in addition to the appropriate soil bacteria used, air was retained in a large amount of pores of the perlite powder, and this air effectively acted on the activation and propagation of the soil bacteria. . In addition, the pores of the pearlite powder became a propagation space for soil bacteria, and the soil bacteria could propagate in a short time.

In this example, the perlite powders “Nenisanso No. 1,” “Nenisanso No. 2,” and “Nenisanso No. 3” (all manufactured by Mitsui Kinzoku Co., Ltd.) were used as perlite powders. Processing was performed. "Nenisanso 1
No. has a porosity of 77% by volume, "Nenisanso No. 2" has a porosity of 82% by volume, and "Nenisanso No. 3" has a porosity of 93% by volume. By performing the above, fermentation and decomposition of okara were carried out smoothly, and a smooth powdery property without stickiness could be obtained.

Example 2 The residues of bonito and squid used in the production of cans were mixed and treated in the same manner using the same mixing and stirring machine as in Example 1. That is, Example 3 was applied to 3 tons of residue.
300 liters of the pearlite powder prepared in the above was mixed, and then 30 kg of the soil base mixed with the soil bacterium used in Example 1 was added and mixed while heating to about 60 ° C., and then allowed to stand at room temperature.

As a result, no odor is generated and 40
After a lapse of time, the powder was in a smooth state, and the treatment was completed in a short time.

Example 3 1.5 tons of okara of Example 1 and 1.5 tons of the residue of Example 2 were mixed and treated under the same conditions as in Example 1. As a result, the powder was turned into a loose powder after 40 hours without generating a bad smell, and the treatment was completed.

Example 4 In this example, the treatment was performed using the pearlite powder of Example 1 and a powder obtained by firing shale. As for shale, natural shale can be obtained by
By calcining for a period of time, a porous powder was obtained, and this powder was subjected to the treatment as it was. When the porosity of this fired powder was measured, it was about 65% by volume. Then, pearlite powder and calcined shale powder were mixed so as to have the same amount, and 300 liters of this mixed powder was used for the treatment.

In this example, the treatment was carried out using okara as a raw material and using the same amount of soil and the same soil bacteria as in Example 1. In this example, the okara was stirred for 3 hours while being heated to about 60 ° C. in a mixing stirrer to adjust the water content to 70%. Thereafter, the mixing of the powder and the mixing of the soil bacteria were performed. went. As a result, after 45 hours, the powder turned into a smooth powder, and the treatment was completed.

(Comparative Example 1) To 3 tons of okara used in Example 1, 30 kg of a bacterial base mixed with soil bacteria was added and mixed in a mixing stirrer. That is, in this comparative example, the treatment is performed without using the pearlite powder or the fired powder of the shale in the above examples. During the treatment, stirring by a mixing stirrer was performed every 6 hours for 30 minutes.

[0045] After that, left to fill the bag of 1m ^3, 2
Observation of the properties after a lapse of 0 days revealed that the lumps were in a strong lump, and thereafter, it was necessary to grind them. In the middle of the treatment, a very strong odor was generated. These are caused by the fact that fermentation and decomposition do not proceed well because the porous powder is not mixed.

[0046]

According to the treatment method of the present invention, it is easy to adjust the reaction conditions of the biochemical reaction for treating okara or / and food residues, and the treatment can be performed in a short time. It can be used as a fertilizer, feed and the like that can be used.

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Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. Okara or okara and / or food residue, porous powder, and soil bacteria mixed with aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria, which are mixed while heating. How to treat food residues. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the porous powder comprises perlite.
2. The method for treating okara food residues according to claim 1, wherein a powder obtained by calcining powder and / or calcined shale is used.