JP2000176428A - Disposal of garbage or the like - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To rationally and continuously dispose of garbage or the like to obtain compost of stable quality by circulating material that has subjected to fermentation treatment (treated material) in treating processes successively and mixing garbage or the like newly fed with the treated material circulated successively. SOLUTION: Fermentation tanks 4, 5 form upper and lower two tanks and material whose fermentation has made progress and which has larger heat generation passes through the lower stage. Within the upper and lower tanks, agitating shafts 6, 7 for both agitation and transfer are provided respectively. To the agitating shafts 6, 7, blades are fitted, and the shafts 6, 7 are driven by motors 8, 9 for inverters respectively. To the upper and lower tanks, compressed air is fed from a compressor 10 through air feeding pipes 12, 11 respectively. Exhaust air containing vapor is passed through discharge pipes 14, 13 and is finally led to a heat exchanger 15 while radiating heat and heats the intake air, and after that, it is discharged to the outside. The treated material is taken out from a discharge port 16. Here, the garbage or the like is subjected to fermentation treatment in the fermentation tanks 4, 5, and the treated material is circulated in treating processes successively, and newly fed garbage or the like is mixed with the treated material circulated successively.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[Current state of technology related to the invention] Environmental problems are extremely large problems today, but the garbage that is always discharged every day is directly connected to daily life, and various problems are imposed on its disposal. Have been. In other words, incineration has various problems such as exhaust gas and incineration residues, and composting has various problems such as composting technology itself and applications, and it is difficult to foresee the future. Nevertheless, the solution is extremely urgent. First of all, what we aim for is, if we think very reasonably, it is self-evident that incineration is against today's global trends, and there are no options other than composting. What is hindering the progress of composting? I think that everything comes from the poor technique itself, trapped in peripheral ideas. The technology for processing garbage and composting at low cost has not been established. Many of the current attempts to make compost from garbage are unlikely to be successful, and they have in common that compost is not a compost. It is a fertilizer that contains more fertilizer than compost, and is a result of not understanding the problem. Fertilizers can be evaluated as fertilizers if they contain one or more of the three elements, but the contents of garbage vary widely and every day. If garbage of indeterminate composition is used as raw material,
The fertilizing ingredients also become undefined. In other words, it is a very difficult technique to make fertilizers with specified fertilizer components from garbage. The fruits of these attempts have to be deemed guilty in that there is even a fear that they may cast doubt on garbage composting, which should be the most rational treatment method in nature. All garbage is organic and requires strict separation as much as possible,
However, if garbage is left untreated, its end point is a diverse and relatively stable substance called humus, and when most of it is converted to humus, it can start with a different organic matter composition Regardless of the composition of the time, almost the same properties can be obtained.
In other words, compost arrives through decomposition and synthesis accompanied by sufficient fermentation, and can be used safely in agriculture. This quality is the quality that composting should aim for, and the technology for that must be competed as a target to be aimed at. By the way, humus is gradually decomposed in the ground to supply various components essential for plant growth. That is the role of compost, and that's why it is called the original manure. Humus is constantly depleted in the soil and requires constant supply. It is becoming increasingly recognized that plants lack humic substances, are sensitive to the environment and are easily attacked by pests. However, it is actually difficult to obtain compost. Processing food waste into compost and allocating it to all agricultural land in the country would at least solve some of the problems associated with waste disposal and some compost shortages. The method described below is the basis of the garbage composting process using mechanical equipment and is intended for ultimate rationalization.

[Problem to be Solved by the Invention] i The first problem in processing garbage is the generation of odor. ii Next, there is a problem that the efficiency is extremely low because a large amount of fungi holding material to be used for fermentation is required, and only a small amount of processing can be performed in a huge volume. A large amount of fungus holding material also needs to be replaced from time to time, and the mixture of fungus holding material and garbage to be taken out is also garbage. Even if it is called compost, it contains a lot of undecomposed organic matter. iii The biggest issue is to reduce the volume after processing, but it has not been achieved yet. iv Furthermore, a large amount of heat energy is required to promote fermentation. v The processed material itself cannot be used as it is and is garbage. Processing garbage into garbage does not result in garbage disposal. Regardless of the composition of the garbage, we will make things that can withstand constant quality and practical use.

An apparatus for fermenting garbage is assumed.

According to the present invention, the processed material circulates gradually inside, and then accepts and mixes new garbage, but at this time, the processed material already has a deodorizing effect. Experiments have shown that garbage also exhibits a deodorizing effect if it is close to humus. In order to make good use of this point, the present invention circulates the processed material inside and uses it for deodorization. It has been proposed earlier as a utility model that the addition of a small amount of humus to the place where garbage is discharged can completely eliminate the odor generated from the garbage thereafter.

Ii) Since a large amount of fungi to be used for fermentation is present in the processed product at a certain stage, it can be used as it is for newly added garbage for fermentation. Therefore, the circulating treated material also plays a role in replenishing fungi for fermentation, and is far superior to those requiring a fungus-retaining material, which is widely available.

Iii) The volume of garbage is reduced by fermentation. As fermentation progresses, the rate of decrease decreases. Although it depends on the raw materials, the final volume at the time of injection is 1
It becomes 0% or less, and raw garbage can be used as good compost by this time.

Iv) During the processing of garbage, a large amount of fungi proliferate and generate an enormous amount of heat. However, there has been no proposal for a structure that uses this rationally and positively. It is hard to say that active use is enough to keep it warm at most. The present invention claims to make effective use of the heat generated inside. To put it concretely, the temperature of the garbage input section is naturally lower than that of the fermented part, but is usually supplemented by external heating. Considering the amount of heat generated as a whole and the amount of heat required for new input of garbage, the former is much more common and the temperature is high. Thus, it is used as a temperature difference through the container wall or in the form of ventilation exhaust heat. It is particularly noteworthy that the temperature difference in the vessel wall can only be brought into a usable form by circulating the treatment. It should be noted that whether or not a heat source for heating is additionally provided is not a requirement of the gist of the present proposal.

Problem v: It has already been explained that garbage is processed into a sufficiently practical compost as a natural consequence of the present invention. It is easy to make compost considering the point. Good compost emits a kind of fragrance, retains a moderate amount of water, is smooth and comfortable to the hands, and has a similar appearance to black soil, which can be expected to look good. The final point of the garbage compost must be here. It should be noted that according to the present invention, the so-called garbage volume reduction type processing can be performed by utilizing the fact that the volume of the processed material is greatly reduced as a result of circulating the processed material inside. In case of reduced volume type,
Needless to say, if the processed material accumulates, it must be removed. However, it is an advantage over other methods that the removed material is compost and there is no trouble in disposal.

[Note 1] The fungi used are important in the fermentation process. Thermophilic bacteria are preferred. Anaerobic fungi cannot be used because the temperature does not rise and moisture is not released and the volume decrease is extremely small.
In this sense, strains of lactic acid bacteria that were prevalent in the past cannot be used for garbage disposal. If used in the device of the present invention, it would undoubtedly result in an incorrect evaluation of the invention itself.

[Points to be noted 2] It is easy to select fungi because good compost can be made quickly. Thermophilic bacteria should be placed under aerobic conditions as much as possible. In an anaerobic condition, the temperature does not rise and the processing speed decreases. In addition, transformation of fungi occurs, and odor tends to occur. In order to prevent this, it is important to provide a structure that supplies a large amount of air to the extent that the temperature does not decrease and ventilates the details.

[Note 3] In the garbage input section, it is necessary to mix well with the circulated processed material. Since the ratio varies depending on the type of garbage, the temperature, and the type of bacteria, it is desirable to confirm the ratio individually by experiment.

[Note 4] If the treated material is kept inside, composting will proceed and eventually it will become soil. Therefore, when producing compost according to the present invention, it should be noted that there is an appropriate time to take out the processed material. This point is important in the design, and if the ratio of the input amount of garbage to the total volume is inappropriate, there is also a meaning that good compost cannot be formed. It is necessary to change the ratio depending on the type of garbage (for example, pruned waste wood and household garbage), and each is determined experimentally when designing. The volume of the fermentation unit has, of course, an appropriate value in which the nature and amount of garbage are variable factors.

[Note 5] When starting to use the apparatus, the process to be processed in another place is filled in the upper stage and started. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a heat source for initial heating in principle.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural example. 1 is a main body. Use enough heat insulating material 2 and keep warm. Reference numeral 3 denotes a food waste input port. The fermentation vessels 4 and 5 are divided into upper and lower layers, and the one with the larger calorific value of the fermentation passes through the lower stage. The inside of each layer is provided with stirring shafts 6 and 7 for both stirring and transfer.
Blades (omitted in the drawings) are attached to each stirring shaft, and are driven by motors 8.9 for each inverter. Compressed air is supplied to each tank from the compressor 10 through air supply pipes 11 and 12. The exhaust containing steam is the exhaust pipe 13.1
While radiating heat through 4, the air is finally led to the heat exchanger 15, where the supply air is heated and then discharged outside. The processed material is taken out from the outlet 16.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a garbage processing machine according to an embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Main body 2 Insulation material 3 Garbage input port 4.5 Fermentation container 6.7 Stirring shaft 8.9 Inverter motor 10 Compressor 11.12 Air supply pipe 13.14 Exhaust pipe 15 Heat exchanger 16 Processed material discharge port

Claims (3)

[Claims] In the following, the term "fermentation treatment" refers to a fermentation treatment of garbage and the like, including a method other than incineration and a case where fungi and the like are eventually used regardless of unintended consequences. Defined as a method. In the fermentation treatment of garbage and the like, fermented products (hereinafter referred to as "processed products") are sequentially circulated in the process, and newly introduced garbage and the like are mixed with the circulated processed products. Features. 2. A structure in which the heat of fermentation generated by the material being processed in the process of circulating the processed material is used for heating the material being processed in another part. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the processing object is circulated at least once in the processing apparatus. It should be noted that, if the purpose does not circulate in the same tank, but falls within the scope of the present invention, it is within the scope of the claims.