JP2000157994A - Methane fermentation method and device therefor - Google Patents
Methane fermentation method and device thereforInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000157994A JP2000157994A JP33958598A JP33958598A JP2000157994A JP 2000157994 A JP2000157994 A JP 2000157994A JP 33958598 A JP33958598 A JP 33958598A JP 33958598 A JP33958598 A JP 33958598A JP 2000157994 A JP2000157994 A JP 2000157994A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- methane fermentation
- methane
- gas
- tank
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Landscapes
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明はメタン発酵原料をメ
タン菌によりメタン発酵処理してメタンガスを得るメタ
ン発酵方法及びその装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a methane fermentation method for obtaining methane gas by subjecting a methane fermentation raw material to methane fermentation with methane bacteria, and an apparatus therefor.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】産業廃水や家庭廃水の下水汚泥などに含
まれている有機物を嫌気性細菌の作用により、メタンや
二酸化炭素に還元分解する処理法の代表としてメタン発
酵法が挙げられる。メタン発酵法は所要動力が少ないと
同時に、回収したガスが利用できるという特徴を持ち、
エネルギー再利用の観点からも注目されている。2. Description of the Related Art A methane fermentation method is a representative treatment method for reducing organic substances contained in sewage sludge of industrial wastewater and domestic wastewater into methane and carbon dioxide by the action of anaerobic bacteria. The methane fermentation method has the characteristic that the required power is small and the recovered gas can be used,
It is also drawing attention from the viewpoint of energy reuse.
【０００３】メタン発酵は廃水中の多様な有機物を多種
類の微生物が分解し、最終的にメタン生成菌によってメ
タンが生成されるものである。メタン発酵における基質
の有機物は一般的に、たんぱく質，炭水化物，脂質に分
類され、大別して、(1) 加水分解 (2) 酸発酵 (3) メ
タン発酵の３段階を経てメタンに分解される。以下に各
反応を示す。[0003] In methane fermentation, various types of microorganisms decompose various organic substances in wastewater, and methane is finally produced by methanogens. Organic substances as substrates in methane fermentation are generally classified into proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, and are roughly divided into (1) hydrolysis (2) acid fermentation (3) methane through three stages of methane fermentation. The following shows each reaction.
【０００４】(1) 加水分解 加水分解菌が生産する酵素、加水分解酵素の働きによ
り、流入基質（有機物中）のタンパク質，炭水化物，脂
質がアミノ酸，糖，高級脂肪酸，アルコールなどに分解
される。(1) Hydrolysis By the action of enzymes and hydrolases produced by hydrolytic bacteria, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids as inflowing substrates (in organic matter) are decomposed into amino acids, sugars, higher fatty acids, alcohols and the like.
【０００５】(2) 酸発酵 アミノ酸，糖の発酵では、酢酸，水素ガス，プロプオン
酸，酪酸などを生成する。ここで、生成されたプロピオ
ン酸及び酪酸は酢酸生成菌により、酢酸と水素ガスに分
解される。また、高級脂肪酸からは酢酸と水素ガスが生
成される。(2) Acid fermentation In the fermentation of amino acids and sugars, acetic acid, hydrogen gas, propionic acid, butyric acid and the like are produced. Here, the produced propionic acid and butyric acid are decomposed into acetic acid and hydrogen gas by the acetic acid producing bacteria. Acetic acid and hydrogen gas are generated from higher fatty acids.
【０００６】(3) メタン発酵 酢酸からは、酢酸分解メタン生成菌による酢酸の脱カル
ボキシル化によりメタンが生成される。また、水素ガス
からは水素利用メタン生成菌による水素の酸化と二酸化
炭素の還元によりメタンが生成される。(3) Methane fermentation Methane is produced from acetic acid by decarboxylation of acetic acid by acetic acid-decomposing methanogens. In addition, methane is generated from hydrogen gas by oxidation of hydrogen and reduction of carbon dioxide by hydrogen-using methane-producing bacteria.
【０００７】上記の(1) ，(2) の酸生成反応とし、(3)
のメタン発酵と２段階に別けて反応を個別に２槽で行う
方が処理性能は安定しており、全体としての負荷量も高
くでき経済的である。The acid generation reaction of the above (1) and (2) is performed, and (3)
It is more economical to perform the reaction separately in two tanks separately from the methane fermentation in two stages because the processing performance is stable and the overall load can be increased.
【０００８】しかし、酸生成槽とメタン発酵槽に分ける
と、酸生成菌とメタン生成菌の共生による種間水素伝達
が減るため、酸生成反応で過剰量の水素を生成した場
合、プロピオン酸及び酪酸の蓄積が起こる。プロピオン
酸及び酪酸はメタン発酵の基質として直接利用されるこ
とはないため、これらの蓄積はメタン発酵反応の不調の
原因となる。プロピオン酸と酪酸は酢酸生成菌によっ
て、酢酸と水素に分解されなければならない。この反応
を促進させるためには、水素利用メタン生成菌との共生
による種間水素伝達や硫酸還元菌などによって、水素分
圧をきわめて低く保つことが必要である。そのためメタ
ン発酵槽の水素分圧が下がるという問題がある。However, when divided into an acid producing tank and a methane fermenting tank, interspecies hydrogen transfer due to symbiosis of acid producing bacteria and methanogenic bacteria is reduced. Therefore, when an excessive amount of hydrogen is produced in the acid producing reaction, propionic acid and Butyric acid accumulation occurs. Since propionic acid and butyric acid are not used directly as substrates for methane fermentation, their accumulation causes methane fermentation reactions to malfunction. Propionic and butyric acids must be broken down by acetic acid producing bacteria into acetic acid and hydrogen. In order to promote this reaction, it is necessary to keep the hydrogen partial pressure extremely low by interspecies hydrogen transfer due to symbiosis with hydrogen-using methane-producing bacteria or by sulfate reducing bacteria. Therefore, there is a problem that the partial pressure of hydrogen in the methane fermentation tank decreases.
【０００９】また、水素利用メタン生成菌は他のメタン
生成菌よりも熱力学的に有利であり、比増殖速度は酢酸
利用メタン生成菌に比べて１０倍であるが、水素濃度が
律速となるために、メタン生成量全体の３０％にすぎな
い。この水素利用メタン生成菌の増殖及び活性を高める
ために、水素の供給が必要である。[0009] Further, the hydrogen-using methanogen is thermodynamically more advantageous than other methanogens, and the specific growth rate is 10 times higher than that of the acetic acid-using methanogen, but the hydrogen concentration is rate-limiting. Therefore, it is only 30% of the total methane production. In order to increase the growth and activity of the hydrogen-using methanogen, a supply of hydrogen is required.
【００１０】また、メタン発酵の効率を高くするために
はグラニュール（メタン菌群の造粒物）の形成が必要で
ある。グラニュールの形成には酸生成反応で生成される
水素が有効である。従って、完全に酸生成が進んだ廃水
はグラニュール形成に向いていないという問題がある。[0010] In order to increase the efficiency of methane fermentation, it is necessary to form granules (granules of methane bacteria). Hydrogen generated by an acid generation reaction is effective for forming granules. Therefore, there is a problem that wastewater in which acid generation has been completely advanced is not suitable for granule formation.
【００１１】[0011]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】以上のように酸生成槽
とメタン発酵槽に分けると、酸生成槽では水素が利用さ
れないために酸生成反応が阻害され、また、メタン発酵
では水素の分圧が低いと、水素利用メタン生成菌による
メタン生成が減少し、グラニュールの形成が阻害される
という問題があった。As described above, when divided into an acid production tank and a methane fermentation tank, hydrogen is not used in the acid production tank, so that the acid production reaction is hindered. When it is low, there is a problem that methane production by hydrogen-using methane-producing bacteria is reduced and the formation of granules is inhibited.
【００１２】本発明（請求項１及び請求項２対応）は、
上記問題を解消するためになされたもので、その目的は
酸生成槽で生成する水素をメタン発酵槽へ供給してメタ
ン発酵を行うメタン発酵方法及びその装置を提供するこ
とにある。The present invention (corresponding to claims 1 and 2) provides
An object of the present invention is to provide a methane fermentation method and apparatus for supplying methane to a methane fermentation tank by supplying hydrogen generated in an acid generation tank to the methane fermentation tank.
【００１３】[0013]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
に、本発明の請求項１は、廃水等のメタン発酵原料をメ
タン菌により発酵処理してメタンガスを生成するメタン
発酵方法において、メタン発酵を酸生成反応とメタン発
酵反応に分け、前記酸生成反応で発生する気体から水素
を分離し、この水素を前記メタン発酵反応へ供給して水
素分圧を高くすることでグラニュールを形成させ、メタ
ンガスを生成することを特徴とする。Means for Solving the Problems To achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention is a methane fermentation method for producing methane gas by fermenting a methane fermentation raw material such as wastewater with methane bacteria. Is divided into an acid production reaction and a methane fermentation reaction, hydrogen is separated from gas generated in the acid production reaction, and this hydrogen is supplied to the methane fermentation reaction to increase the hydrogen partial pressure to form granules, It is characterized by generating methane gas.
【００１４】本発明の請求項２は、廃水等のメタン発酵
原料をメタン菌によりメタン発酵処理槽で発酵処理して
メタンガスを得るメタン発酵装置において、前記メタン
発酵処理槽は酸生成槽とメタン発酵槽とからなり、前記
酸生成槽で発生する気体を気体分離膜により水素を分離
すると共に、この分離された水素と前記酸生成槽から酸
生成が進んだ廃水を前記メタン発酵槽に供給してメタン
ガスを生成することを特徴とする。According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a methane fermentation apparatus for obtaining methane gas by fermenting a methane fermentation raw material such as wastewater with methane bacteria in a methane fermentation treatment tank. A gas separation membrane for separating hydrogen from the gas generated in the acid generation tank by a gas separation membrane, and supplying the separated hydrogen and wastewater from which the acid generation has progressed from the acid generation tank to the methane fermentation tank. It is characterized by generating methane gas.
【００１５】本発明の請求項１または請求項２による
と、酸生成反応で発生する気体から水素を分離し、この
水素のみと酸生成反応で酸生成が進んだ廃水を、メタン
発酵槽へ供給して水素利用メタン生成菌の増殖及び活性
を高くすることができ、また、グラニュールの形成を促
進することができるので、メタン発酵の効率を高くする
ことが可能となる。According to the first or second aspect of the present invention, hydrogen is separated from the gas generated in the acid generation reaction, and the wastewater whose acid generation has been advanced only by the hydrogen and the acid generation reaction is supplied to the methane fermentation tank. As a result, the growth and activity of the hydrogen-using methanogen can be increased, and the formation of granules can be promoted, so that the efficiency of methane fermentation can be increased.
【００１６】[0016]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施の形態を図に
基づいて説明する。図１は本発明の一実施例（請求項１
及び請求項２対応）の構成図である。図１において、酸
生成槽１から発生した混合ガスは管２を通り、気体分離
膜ユニット３へ流入する。混合ガスは真空ポンプ１０に
て減圧通過することにより、高濃度の水素に分離され
る。水素は管４を通り、後段のメタン発酵槽５に送られ
る。液体は給液ポンプ９によりメタン発酵槽５に送られ
る。酸生成槽１から発生する水素以外の気体には硫化水
素も含まれているので、水素以外の気体は、メタン発酵
で発生する臭気とともに、脱硫塔６に送られる。脱硫し
た気体はガスホルダー７に貯留し、温水ボイラ８の燃料
に再利用する。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention.
And FIG. 2). In FIG. 1, a mixed gas generated from an acid generation tank 1 flows into a gas separation membrane unit 3 through a pipe 2. The mixed gas is separated into high-concentration hydrogen by passing through the vacuum pump 10 under reduced pressure. The hydrogen passes through the pipe 4 and is sent to the methane fermentation tank 5 at the subsequent stage. The liquid is sent to the methane fermentation tank 5 by the liquid supply pump 9. Since the gas other than hydrogen generated from the acid generation tank 1 also contains hydrogen sulfide, the gas other than hydrogen is sent to the desulfurization tower 6 together with the odor generated by methane fermentation. The desulfurized gas is stored in the gas holder 7 and reused as fuel for the hot water boiler 8.
【００１７】本実施例で用いる水素を分離する気体分離
膜は、膜内圧力差と速度差分離によって水素を分離する
ことができる。この分離膜の素材としては、シリコン，
セラミックなどが挙げられる。この分離膜を用いると、
水素は膜を通過するが、二酸化炭素と硫化水素は通過し
ない。分離した水素は、後段のメタン発酵槽へ送られ、
二酸化炭素と硫化水素は脱硫塔にて処理される。メタン
発酵槽に供給された水素は、水素利用メタン生成菌の基
質となる。反応式を次式に示す。 ＣＯ2 ＋４Ｈ2 →ＣＨ4 ＋Ｈ2 ＯThe gas separation membrane used in this embodiment for separating hydrogen can separate hydrogen by pressure difference and speed difference separation in the membrane. The material of this separation membrane is silicon,
Ceramics and the like can be mentioned. With this separation membrane,
Hydrogen passes through the membrane, but not carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. The separated hydrogen is sent to the subsequent methane fermentation tank,
Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are treated in a desulfurization tower. Hydrogen supplied to the methane fermenter serves as a substrate for hydrogen-using methanogens. The reaction formula is shown below. CO 2 + 4H 2 → CH 4 + H 2 O
【００１８】また、メタン発酵の効率を高くするために
はグラニュール（メタン菌群の造粒物）の形成が必要で
ある。グラニュールの形成には酸生成反応で生成される
水素が有効であり、水素はグラニュール形成に有効であ
るので、本実施例によると、メタン発酵の効率を高くす
ることが可能となる。In order to increase the efficiency of methane fermentation, it is necessary to form granules (granules of methane bacteria). Hydrogen generated by an acid generation reaction is effective for forming granules, and hydrogen is effective for forming granules. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to increase the efficiency of methane fermentation.
【００１９】[0019]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明（請求項１
及び請求項２対応）によれば、酸生成反応で発生する水
素をメタン発酵槽に供給することによって、水素利用メ
タン生成菌の増殖及び活性を高くすることができ、ま
た、グラニュールの形成を促進することができるので、
メタン発酵の効率を高くすることが可能となる。As described above, the present invention (Claim 1)
According to claim 2), by supplying hydrogen generated in the acid production reaction to the methane fermentation tank, the growth and activity of the hydrogen-using methanogen can be increased, and the formation of granules can be improved. Can be promoted,
It is possible to increase the efficiency of methane fermentation.
【図１】本発明の一実施例のメタン発酵装置の概略構成
図。FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a methane fermentation apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.
１…酸生成槽、２…管（混合ガス）、３…気体分離膜ユ
ニット、４…管（水素）、５…メタン発酵槽、６…脱硫
塔、７…ガスホルダー、８…温水ボイラ、９…給液ポン
プ、１０…真空ポンプ。DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Acid production tank, 2 ... pipe (mixed gas), 3 ... gas separation membrane unit, 4 ... pipe (hydrogen), 5 ... methane fermentation tank, 6 ... desulfurization tower, 7 ... gas holder, 8 ... hot water boiler, 9 ... a liquid supply pump, 10 ... a vacuum pump.
Claims (2)
り発酵処理してメタンガスを生成するメタン発酵方法に
おいて、メタン発酵を酸生成反応とメタン発酵反応に分
け、前記酸生成反応で発生する気体から水素を分離し、
この水素を前記メタン発酵反応へ供給して水素分圧を高
くすることでグラニュールを形成させ、メタンガスを生
成することを特徴とするメタン発酵方法。1. A methane fermentation method for producing methane gas by fermenting a methane fermentation raw material such as wastewater with methane bacteria, wherein the methane fermentation is divided into an acid production reaction and a methane fermentation reaction, Separate hydrogen,
A methane fermentation method comprising supplying the hydrogen to the methane fermentation reaction to increase the hydrogen partial pressure to form granules and generate methane gas.
りメタン発酵処理槽で発酵処理してメタンガスを得るメ
タン発酵装置において、前記メタン発酵処理槽は酸生成
槽とメタン発酵槽とからなり、前記酸生成槽で発生する
気体を気体分離膜により水素を分離すると共に、この分
離された水素と前記酸生成槽から酸生成が進んだ廃水を
前記メタン発酵槽に供給してメタンガスを生成すること
を特徴とするメタン発酵装置。2. A methane fermentation apparatus for obtaining methane gas by fermenting a methane fermentation raw material such as wastewater with methane bacteria in a methane fermentation treatment tank, wherein the methane fermentation treatment tank comprises an acid generation tank and a methane fermentation tank. The gas generated in the acid generation tank is separated into hydrogen by a gas separation membrane, and the separated hydrogen and the wastewater from which the acid generation has progressed from the acid generation tank are supplied to the methane fermentation tank to generate methane gas. Characterized methane fermentation equipment.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP33958598A JP2000157994A (en) | 1998-11-30 | 1998-11-30 | Methane fermentation method and device therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP33958598A JP2000157994A (en) | 1998-11-30 | 1998-11-30 | Methane fermentation method and device therefor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000157994A true JP2000157994A (en) | 2000-06-13 |
Family
ID=18328878
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP33958598A Pending JP2000157994A (en) | 1998-11-30 | 1998-11-30 | Methane fermentation method and device therefor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2000157994A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005077841A1 (en) * | 2004-02-12 | 2005-08-25 | Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Drain treating device |
| JP2007014864A (en) * | 2005-07-06 | 2007-01-25 | Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd | Anaerobic treatment method and treatment apparatus of waste water |
| KR100876683B1 (en) * | 2008-07-16 | 2009-01-07 | 한밭대학교 산학협력단 | Biogas production apparatus combined apparatus of membrane separation for treating organic wastes |
-
1998
- 1998-11-30 JP JP33958598A patent/JP2000157994A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005077841A1 (en) * | 2004-02-12 | 2005-08-25 | Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Drain treating device |
| JP2007014864A (en) * | 2005-07-06 | 2007-01-25 | Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd | Anaerobic treatment method and treatment apparatus of waste water |
| KR100876683B1 (en) * | 2008-07-16 | 2009-01-07 | 한밭대학교 산학협력단 | Biogas production apparatus combined apparatus of membrane separation for treating organic wastes |
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