JP2000130068A - Natural ground settlement measuring device and method therefor - Google Patents
Natural ground settlement measuring device and method thereforInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000130068A JP2000130068A JP10308332A JP30833298A JP2000130068A JP 2000130068 A JP2000130068 A JP 2000130068A JP 10308332 A JP10308332 A JP 10308332A JP 30833298 A JP30833298 A JP 30833298A JP 2000130068 A JP2000130068 A JP 2000130068A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- measuring
- liquid
- liquid tank
- pipe
- tank
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】この発明は、トンネルを掘削
する際における切羽周囲の地山の沈下を計測する地山沈
下計測装置および地山沈下計測方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a soil subsidence measuring device and a soil subsidence measuring method for measuring settlement of a ground around a face when excavating a tunnel.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】トンネルを掘削するに際して、切羽周囲
の地山の崩壊を予測し、地山崩壊の危険が生じたならば
速やかな処置を講じて崩壊を未然に防がなければならな
い。ところで、従来より、トンネル掘削時に地山の崩壊
を予測する方法としては、トンネル掘削に伴う切羽周囲
の地山の経時的な沈下を計測する方法が行われている。
この地山の沈下計測は、複数の歪計又は傾斜計を付けた
パイプを切羽周囲の地山に複数本埋め込み、各歪計又は
傾斜計の出力に基づく各パイプの撓みから地山の沈下を
予測するのである。2. Description of the Related Art When excavating a tunnel, it is necessary to predict the collapse of the ground around the face, and if there is a danger of the collapse of the ground, it is necessary to take prompt measures to prevent the collapse. By the way, conventionally, as a method of predicting the collapse of the ground at the time of tunnel excavation, a method of measuring the temporal settlement of the ground around the face due to tunnel excavation has been used.
In this subsidence measurement of ground, a plurality of pipes with multiple strain gauges or inclinometers are embedded in the ground around the face, and the subsidence of the ground is measured from the bending of each pipe based on the output of each strain gauge or inclinometer. Predict.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、上記従
来の地山沈下計測方法においては、地山に埋め込んだパ
イプの撓みから地山の沈下を予測するため、パイプ上の
ある基準点に対する相対撓みは計測できるのであるが、
掘削による沈下の恐れのない不動点に対する上記パイプ
上の基準点の変動が計測できないため、結果的に地山全
体の動きが分からないという問題がある。また、何らか
の方法によって上記パイプ上の基準点の変動を計測した
としても精度的に問題があり、０.５mm程度の誤差の範
囲内で地山の沈下を計測することができない。したがっ
て、地山の正確な挙動を把握することができないという
問題がある。また、傾斜計は高価であるという問題もあ
る。However, in the above-mentioned conventional method for measuring land subsidence, since the settlement of the ground is predicted from the bending of the pipe embedded in the ground, the relative bending with respect to a certain reference point on the pipe is limited. It can be measured,
Since the fluctuation of the reference point on the pipe with respect to the fixed point where there is no danger of sinking due to excavation cannot be measured, there is a problem that the movement of the whole ground cannot be understood as a result. Further, even if the fluctuation of the reference point on the pipe is measured by any method, there is a problem in accuracy, and the settlement of the ground cannot be measured within an error of about 0.5 mm. Therefore, there is a problem that accurate behavior of the ground cannot be grasped. There is also a problem that the inclinometer is expensive.
【０００４】そこで、この発明の目的は、トンネルを掘
削する際における切羽周囲の地山の沈下を精度良く計測
できる地山沈下計測装置および地山沈下計測方法を提供
することにある。Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a ground subsidence measuring device and a ground subsidence measuring method capable of accurately measuring the subsidence of the ground around a face when excavating a tunnel.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
に、請求項１に係る発明の地山沈下計測装置は、トンネ
ル掘削時に沈下計測の対象となる地山に穿たれた穴に設
置された複数の計測液槽と、上記トンネルの掘削時に垂
直方向への位置変動がない不動箇所に取り付けられた基
準液槽と、上記基準液槽内における液面の高さを計測す
る液面計測手段と、上記基準液槽と各計測液槽とを接続
して,上記基準液槽内の液体を各計測液槽に独立して供
給する給液管を備えたことを特徴としている。In order to achieve the above object, a land subsidence measuring device according to the first aspect of the present invention is installed in a hole drilled in the ground to be settled during tunnel excavation. A plurality of measuring liquid tanks, a reference liquid tank attached to an immovable point where there is no vertical position change when excavating the tunnel, and a liquid level measuring means for measuring a liquid level in the reference liquid tank And a liquid supply pipe connecting the reference liquid tank and each measurement liquid tank and supplying the liquid in the reference liquid tank to each measurement liquid tank independently.
【０００６】上記構成によれば、不動箇所に取り付けら
れた基準液槽内の液体が給液管によって目的とする計測
液槽に供給される。そして、当該計測液槽から液体がオ
ーバーフローされることによって、上記基準液槽内に当
該計測液槽内の液体と同じ高さの液柱が形成される。し
たがって、液面計測手段によって、上記基準液槽内の液
面の高さを計測することによって、地山における当該計
測液槽が設置されている地点の不動箇所からの高さが計
測される。したがって、同様にして、地山における総て
の計測液槽が設置されている地点の高さの経時変化を計
測することによって、切羽周囲の地山の沈下が精度良く
計測される。According to the above configuration, the liquid in the reference liquid tank attached to the immovable portion is supplied to the target measurement liquid tank through the liquid supply pipe. When the liquid overflows from the measuring liquid tank, a liquid column having the same height as the liquid in the measuring liquid tank is formed in the reference liquid tank. Therefore, by measuring the height of the liquid level in the reference liquid tank by the liquid level measuring means, the height from the immovable point of the ground where the measurement liquid tank is installed is measured. Therefore, similarly, by measuring the temporal change of the height of the ground where all the measuring liquid tanks are installed, the settlement of the ground around the face is accurately measured.
【０００７】また、請求項２に係る発明は、請求項１に
係る発明の地山沈下計測装置において、上記複数の計測
液槽は、パイプ内に取り付けられていることを特徴とし
ている。According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the apparatus for measuring land subsidence according to the first aspect of the present invention, the plurality of measuring liquid tanks are mounted in a pipe.
【０００８】上記構成によれば、内部に上記複数の計測
液槽が取り付けられたパイプを地山に穿たれた穴に挿入
することによって、上記複数の計測液槽が上記穴内に容
易に設置される。According to the above construction, the plurality of measuring liquid tanks are easily installed in the holes by inserting the pipe having the plurality of measuring liquid tanks therein into the holes formed in the ground. You.
【０００９】また、請求項３に係る発明は、請求項２に
係る発明の地山沈下計測装置において、上記パイプは、
内部上側に上記計測液槽が取り付けられる一方、内部下
側に上記給液管が挿通されていることを特徴としてい
る。According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the ground subsidence measuring apparatus according to the second aspect, the pipe is
The measurement liquid tank is attached to the upper inside, and the liquid supply pipe is inserted through the lower inside.
【００１０】上記構成によれば、上記パイプを地山に穿
たれた穴に挿入することによって、上記複数の計測液槽
の設置と上記基準液槽および各計測液槽を接続する給液
管の配設とが同時に且つ容易に行われる。[0010] According to the above configuration, by inserting the pipe into a hole drilled in the ground, the plurality of measurement liquid tanks are installed and the supply pipe for connecting the reference liquid tank and each measurement liquid tank is connected. The arrangement is performed simultaneously and easily.
【００１１】また、請求項４に係る発明は、請求項２に
係る発明の地山沈下計測装置において、上記パイプは、
所定長の複数のパイプを屈曲可能に連結して構成されて
いることを特徴としている。According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the ground subsidence measuring apparatus according to the second aspect, the pipe comprises:
It is characterized in that a plurality of pipes of a predetermined length are connected to bendable.
【００１２】上記構成によれば、上記地山における各計
測液槽が設置されている地点が異なる度合いで沈下した
場合に、上記パイプは各連結位置で個々の沈下の度合い
に追従して屈曲する。こうして、各計測液槽の配列方向
への沈下の度合いの差異が的確に計測される。[0012] According to the above configuration, when the points where the measuring liquid tanks are installed in the ground sink at different degrees, the pipe bends at each connection position according to the degree of the individual settlement. . In this way, the difference in the degree of subsidence in the arrangement direction of each measurement liquid tank is accurately measured.
【００１３】また、請求項５に係る発明の地山沈下計測
方法は、トンネル掘削時に沈下の計測対象となる地山に
穿たれた穴に複数の計測液槽を設置し、上記トンネルの
掘削時に垂直方向への位置変動がない不動箇所に基準液
槽を取り付け、上記基準液槽内の液体を目的とする計測
液槽に供給して当該計測液槽からオーバーフローさせる
と共に,上記基準液槽内に当該計測液槽の液面と同じ高
さの液柱を形成し、上記基準液槽内の液面の高さを計測
することによって当該計測液槽の液面の高さを計測し、
上記総ての計測液槽の液面の高さの経時変化を求めるこ
とによって,上記地山の沈下を計測することを特徴とし
ている。Further, according to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for measuring land subsidence, wherein a plurality of measurement liquid tanks are installed in holes drilled in the ground at the time of tunnel excavation, and Attach a reference liquid tank to an immovable point where there is no vertical position change, supply the liquid in the reference liquid tank to the target measurement liquid tank, overflow it from the measurement liquid tank, and place it in the reference liquid tank. Form a liquid column of the same height as the liquid surface of the measurement liquid tank, measure the liquid surface height of the measurement liquid tank by measuring the liquid surface height in the reference liquid tank,
The method is characterized in that the subsidence of the ground is measured by calculating the temporal change of the liquid level of all the measuring liquid tanks.
【００１４】上記構成によれば、上記基準液槽内には目
的とする計測液槽の液面と同じ高さの液柱が形成され
る。そのために、上記基準液槽の液面の高さを計測する
ことによって、当該計測液槽の液面の高さが計測され
る。したがって、上記総ての計測液槽の液面の高さの経
時変化を求めることによって、切羽周囲の地山の沈下が
精度良く計測される。According to the above configuration, a liquid column having the same height as the liquid level of the target measuring liquid tank is formed in the reference liquid tank. For this purpose, the height of the liquid surface of the reference liquid tank is measured to measure the height of the liquid surface of the measurement liquid tank. Therefore, the subsidence of the ground around the face is accurately measured by determining the temporal change of the liquid level of all the measuring liquid tanks.
【００１５】[0015]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、この発明を図示の実施の形
態により詳細に説明する。図１は、本実施の形態の地山
沈下計測装置における概念図である。１は基準部であ
り、２は測定部である。基準部１は基準液槽３および給
水タンク４を有し、基準液槽３は、既に掘削されたトン
ネルの岩盤に吹き付けられたコンクリート等の垂直方向
への移動の恐れがない不動箇所に取り付けられる。側定
部２は複数の計測液槽６,６,…が所定の間隔で設けられ
た塩化ビニール等のパイプ５で構成され、沈下計測の対
象となる地山に埋め込まれる。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the illustrated embodiments. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a land subsidence measuring device according to the present embodiment. 1 is a reference part, 2 is a measurement part. The reference portion 1 has a reference liquid tank 3 and a water supply tank 4, and the reference liquid tank 3 is attached to an immovable place where there is no risk of vertical movement of concrete or the like sprayed on rocks of an already excavated tunnel. . The side fixing part 2 is constituted by a pipe 5 made of vinyl chloride or the like in which a plurality of measuring liquid tanks 6, 6,... Are provided at predetermined intervals, and is embedded in the ground to be settled.
【００１６】上記給水タンク４の底部には電動ポンプ７
が設けられており、この電動ポンプ７には、先端に電動
バルブ９を有する給水管１０が電動バルブ８を介して接
続されている。そして、基準液槽３と給水管１０とは、
電動バルブ１１が介設された枝管１３で接続されてい
る。同様に、各計測液槽６,６,…と給水管１０とは、電
動バルブ１２が介設された枝管１４で接続されている。
また、給水管１０先端の電動バルブ９には戻り管１５が
取り付けられており、余分な水が給水タンク４に戻され
るようにしている。An electric pump 7 is provided at the bottom of the water supply tank 4.
A water supply pipe 10 having an electric valve 9 at the tip is connected to the electric pump 7 via the electric valve 8. And the reference liquid tank 3 and the water supply pipe 10
The electric valve 11 is connected by a branch pipe 13 interposed. Similarly, the measuring liquid tanks 6, 6,... And the water supply pipe 10 are connected by a branch pipe 14 in which an electric valve 12 is provided.
A return pipe 15 is attached to the electric valve 9 at the tip of the water supply pipe 10 so that excess water is returned to the water supply tank 4.
【００１７】図２は、上記パイプ５の埋設状態を示す。
本実施の形態においては、トンネルの切羽２１の上部
に、地山崩壊予測線２２より内側の地山崩壊予測領域を
過ぎて斜め上方に孔を穿ち、その孔に上記パイプ５を挿
入して埋設している。また、切羽後方のトンネルに吹き
付けられたコンクリート２３には後に詳述するように基
準液槽３が取り付けられている。尚、２４は、掘削の対
象となる地盤の状態が悪く、崩落の恐れがある場合に、
掘削開始前に掘進方向斜め前方に向かって地山に複数打
ち込まれて多数の支保工２５で支えられ、地山を支保す
る支保パイプである。この支保パイプ２４を打ち込む際
に地山沈下計測用のパイプ５も打ち込むことによって、
特にパイプ５を埋設するための工程を設ける必要はな
い。FIG. 2 shows a state in which the pipe 5 is buried.
In the present embodiment, a hole is drilled diagonally upward above the face 21 of the tunnel past the ground collapse prediction area inside the ground collapse prediction line 22, and the pipe 5 is inserted into the hole and buried. are doing. Further, a reference liquid tank 3 is attached to the concrete 23 sprayed on the tunnel behind the face as described later in detail. In addition, 24, when the condition of the ground to be excavated is bad and there is a possibility of collapse,
Before the start of excavation, a plurality of striking pipes are driven into the ground diagonally forward in the direction of excavation, supported by a large number of supports 25, and support the ground. When the support pipe 24 is driven, the ground subsidence measurement pipe 5 is also driven.
In particular, there is no need to provide a step for burying the pipe 5.
【００１８】尚、本実施の形態においては、パイプ５を
切羽２１の上部から斜め上方に向かって挿入している
が、パイプの挿入位置や挿入方向はこれに限定されるも
のではない。要は、地山崩壊予測領域内であってトンネ
ル掘削の邪魔にならない位置や方向であればよいのであ
る。以下、パイプ５と基準液槽３について、詳細に説明
する。In the present embodiment, the pipe 5 is inserted obliquely upward from the upper part of the cutting face 21, but the insertion position and the insertion direction of the pipe are not limited to this. In short, it is only necessary that the position and the direction be within the ground collapse prediction area and not hinder the tunnel excavation. Hereinafter, the pipe 5 and the reference liquid tank 3 will be described in detail.
【００１９】図３は、上記パイプ５の軸に沿った縦断面
図である。このパイプ５は剛性の低い塩化ビニールで形
成されており、地山の沈下に応じて変形可能になってい
る。さらに、パイプ５は、所定長のセグメント５aを硬
質ゴムの継手管２６で連結して構成されており、地山の
沈下に追従して個々のセグメント５aが連結箇所で容易
に折れ曲がって屈曲可能になっている。個々のセグメン
ト５a内の上側には計測液槽６が一つずつ取り付けられ
ている。図１に示す給水管１０,枝管１４および戻り管
１５は、パイプ５内の下側に配設されて対応する計測液
槽６や給水タンク４に接続されている。こうして、セグ
メント５aを連結したパイプ５を地山に挿入して地山に
固定することによって、計測液槽６の設置と各管１０,
１４,１５の配設とを同時に、且つ、各管１０,１４,１
５の絡み付き無くして容易に行うことができるのであ
る。尚、供給管１０,戻り管１５はパイプ５内に配設せ
ずに、各計測液槽に対応した枝管１４のみを配設しても
よい。この場合、電動バルブをパイプ５の外部に配設す
る。FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view along the axis of the pipe 5. This pipe 5 is formed of low rigidity vinyl chloride, and is deformable in accordance with the settlement of the ground. Further, the pipe 5 is formed by connecting segments 5a of a predetermined length with a joint pipe 26 made of hard rubber, so that the individual segments 5a can be easily bent and bent at the connection points following the settlement of the ground. Has become. One measuring liquid tank 6 is mounted on the upper side of each segment 5a. The water supply pipe 10, the branch pipe 14, and the return pipe 15 shown in FIG. 1 are arranged below the pipe 5 and connected to the corresponding measurement liquid tank 6 and the water supply tank 4. Thus, by inserting the pipe 5 connecting the segments 5a into the ground and fixing it to the ground, the installation of the measuring liquid tank 6 and the respective pipes 10,
14 and 15 at the same time, and each pipe 10, 14, 1
5 can be easily performed without entanglement. Note that the supply pipe 10 and the return pipe 15 may not be provided in the pipe 5, and only the branch pipe 14 corresponding to each measurement liquid tank may be provided. In this case, the electric valve is provided outside the pipe 5.
【００２０】図４は、上記計測液槽６の詳細斜視図であ
る。この計測液槽６は直方体の箱状に形成されて、パイ
プ５の各セグメント５aに取り付けられている。そし
て、計測液槽６の一側面６aには枝管１４の取付口２７
が設けられる一方、他側面６b上端には切り欠き２８が
設けられている。そして、図３に示すように、給水管１
０および枝管１４を介して計測液槽６に供給された水は
切り欠き２８からオーバーフローして、常時液面が切り
欠き２８の位置に保たれるようになっている。尚、切り
欠き２８の位置は、特に限定されるものではない。FIG. 4 is a detailed perspective view of the measuring liquid tank 6. The measuring liquid tank 6 is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped box shape, and is attached to each segment 5 a of the pipe 5. An installation port 27 for the branch pipe 14 is provided on one side surface 6a of the measurement liquid tank 6.
Is provided, while a notch 28 is provided at the upper end of the other side surface 6b. Then, as shown in FIG.
The water supplied to the measurement liquid tank 6 via the zero and the branch pipe 14 overflows from the notch 28 so that the liquid level is always maintained at the position of the notch 28. The position of the notch 28 is not particularly limited.
【００２１】図５は、上記基準液槽３の詳細図である。
この基準液槽３は、トンネル天端の吹付コンクリート２
３の箇所に孔を穿ち、この孔に挿入固定された硬質塩化
ビニールの筒３１内に挿入され、下端が取付治具３２の
固定用アンカー３３,３３で吹付コンクリート２３に固
定されている。こうして、基準液槽３は、トンネル掘進
時に沈下しない不動箇所に取り付けられるのであるが、
その取り付け箇所や固定方法は上記取り付け箇所や固定
方法に限定されるものではない。FIG. 5 is a detailed view of the reference liquid tank 3.
This reference liquid tank 3 is a spray concrete 2 at the top of the tunnel.
Holes are drilled in three places, inserted into a rigid vinyl chloride tube 31 inserted and fixed in these holes, and the lower end is fixed to the shotcrete 23 by fixing anchors 33, 33 of a mounting jig 32. In this way, the reference liquid tank 3 is attached to an immovable place that does not sink during tunnel excavation.
The mounting location and the fixing method are not limited to the mounting location and the fixing method.
【００２２】上記基準液槽３は、縦長の筒状体で構成さ
れて、下端部には枝管１３が取り付けられており、この
枝管１３を介して給水タンク４および計測液槽５と接続
されている。また、基準液槽３の上端には液位計本体３
６が配設され、液位計本体３６の下端から突出されたセ
ンサープローブ３４が液槽３の軸に沿って中央に配設さ
れ、このプローブ３４には本体３６からパルス電流が与
えられる。ここで、プローブ３４は磁気をおびたリング
状のフロート３５の穴に挿通されている。したがって、
プローブ３４にパルス電流を与えて磁場を生じさせると
フロート３５の磁気によって磁場に歪み(一種の振動)が
発生する。そこで、この振動を本体３６に内蔵された圧
電素子で電気信号で捉え本体３６に接続したコントロー
ラー(図示せず)で測定することによって、フロートの位
置(液槽３の液の高さ)を計測するようになっている。The reference liquid tank 3 is composed of a vertically long cylindrical body, and a branch pipe 13 is attached to a lower end thereof. The branch pipe 13 is connected to the water supply tank 4 and the measuring liquid tank 5 through the branch pipe 13. Have been. The liquid level meter main body 3 is provided at the upper end of the reference liquid tank 3.
6, a sensor probe 34 protruding from the lower end of the liquid level meter main body 36 is disposed at the center along the axis of the liquid tank 3, and a pulse current is given from the main body 36 to the probe 34. Here, the probe 34 is inserted into a hole of a ring-shaped float 35 having magnetism. Therefore,
When a pulse current is applied to the probe 34 to generate a magnetic field, the magnetic field of the float 35 causes a distortion (a kind of vibration) in the magnetic field. Therefore, the position of the float (the height of the liquid in the liquid tank 3) is measured by capturing the vibration with an electric signal using a piezoelectric element built in the main body 36 and measuring the vibration with a controller (not shown) connected to the main body 36. It is supposed to.
【００２３】上記構成の地盤沈下計測装置は、以下のよ
うに動作してトンネル掘削に伴う地山沈下を計測する。
尚、上記電磁バルブ８,９,１１,１２及び電動ポンプ７
は、パーソナルコンピュ−タ(図示せず)の制御の下に動
作が制御されるようになっている。The ground subsidence measuring device having the above configuration operates as described below to measure the subsidence caused by tunnel excavation.
The electromagnetic valves 8, 9, 11, 12 and the electric pump 7
Are controlled under the control of a personal computer (not shown).
【００２４】まず、上記電磁バルブ８,１１が開放され
ると共に、電動ポンプ７が駆動されて、給水タンク４か
ら基準液槽３内に基準液位まで給水される。ここで、上
記基準液位とは、測定の対象となる計測液槽６に基準液
槽３から水を供給した際に切り欠き２８からオーバーフ
ローできる量に、当該計測液槽６の容積に当該計測液槽
６と基準液槽３とを連通する各管１３,１０,１４の容積
とを加えた量の水が、基準液槽３に満たされた際の液位
のことである。そうした後、電動ポンプ７が停止される
と共に、電磁バルブ８が閉鎖される。First, the electromagnetic valves 8 and 11 are opened, and the electric pump 7 is driven to supply water from the water supply tank 4 to the reference liquid tank 3 up to the reference liquid level. Here, the reference liquid level refers to the volume that can overflow from the notch 28 when water is supplied from the reference liquid tank 3 to the measurement liquid tank 6 to be measured, and the volume of the measurement liquid tank 6 The liquid level when the reference liquid tank 3 is filled with water in an amount that is the sum of the volumes of the pipes 13, 10, and 14 that communicate the liquid tank 6 and the reference liquid tank 3. After that, the electric pump 7 is stopped and the electromagnetic valve 8 is closed.
【００２５】次に、最初の計測液槽６の電磁バルブ１２
が開放されて、当該計測液槽６に給水される。その際
に、前回の測定の際に当該計測液槽６に給水された水は
切り欠き２８から押し出されてオーバーフローし、当該
計測液槽６内の水は基準液槽３内の水と同じ温度の水に
置き換えられる。こうして、基準液槽３内の水と各計測
液槽６内の水とに温度差が生じて比重差が生ずることを
防止するのである。そして、基準液槽３内の液位がセン
サープローブ３４を介して上記コントローラによって計
測されて、計測値Ｗ1がパーソナルコンピュータ(以下、
パソコンと略称する)の記憶部に記憶される。さらに、
所定時間が経過した後に再度基準液槽３内の液位が計測
されて、計測値Ｗ2が上記記憶部に記憶される。そし
て、上記計測値Ｗ2と計測値Ｗ1との差の絶対値が基準値
より小さければ基準液槽３の液面は静止状態に入ったと
して、上記計測値Ｗ2を測定値であると確定する。Next, the electromagnetic valve 12 of the first measuring liquid tank 6
Is opened and water is supplied to the measuring liquid tank 6. At that time, the water supplied to the measuring liquid tank 6 at the time of the previous measurement is pushed out from the notch 28 and overflows, and the water in the measuring liquid tank 6 has the same temperature as the water in the reference liquid tank 3. Is replaced by water. Thus, it is possible to prevent a difference in temperature between the water in the reference liquid tank 3 and the water in each of the measurement liquid tanks 6 from causing a difference in specific gravity. Then, is measured by the controller level of the reference fluid tank 3 through the sensor probe 34, the measured value W 1 is a personal computer (hereinafter,
(Abbreviated as a personal computer). further,
Liquid level again reference fluid tank 3 after a predetermined time has elapsed is measured, the measured value W 2 are stored in the storage unit. Then, the liquid level of the measured value W 2 and the measured value W 1 absolute value criteria if smaller reference fluid tank than value 3 of the difference between as entered a quiescent state, when there the measured value W 2 with measurements Determine.
【００２６】次に、上記確定された測定値Ｗ2が下限値
より低くなければ、上記測定値Ｗ2が当該計測液槽６の
測定値Ｗとして上記記憶部に格納される。そして、上記
記憶部に格納されている総ての測定値Ｗの最大差Ｄが上
記記憶部に登録されている２次管理値より大きければ、
即刻工事停止を促す表示がカラーディスプレイ(図示せ
ず)等に表示されると共に、警報ベル(図示せず)が警報
音を出力する。また、上記最大差Ｄが上記記憶部に登録
されている１次管理値(＜２次管理値)より大きければ、
工事を中止して沈下原因や上昇原因を調査することを促
す表示が上記カラーディスプレイに表示される。また、
上記最大差Ｄが上記１次管理値以下であれば、次の計測
液槽６の液位測定処理を行う。こうして、総ての計測液
槽６の液位測定処理が行われる。Next, if the determined measured value W 2 is not lower than the lower limit, the measured value W 2 is stored in the storage unit as the measured value W of the measuring liquid tank 6. If the maximum difference D between all the measured values W stored in the storage unit is larger than the secondary management value registered in the storage unit,
A display prompting immediate stop of the construction is displayed on a color display (not shown) or the like, and an alarm bell (not shown) outputs an alarm sound. If the maximum difference D is larger than the primary management value (<secondary management value) registered in the storage unit,
A display prompting to cancel the construction and investigate the cause of settlement or the cause of rise is displayed on the color display. Also,
If the maximum difference D is equal to or less than the primary control value, the next liquid level measurement processing of the measurement liquid tank 6 is performed. Thus, the liquid level measurement processing of all the measurement liquid tanks 6 is performed.
【００２７】上述のように、本実施の形態においては、
塩化ビニールで形成されると共に、計測液槽６が一つず
つ取り付けられた所定長のセグメント５aを硬質ゴムの
継手管２６で連結してパイプ５を構成し、このパイプ５
をトンネルの切羽２１の上部から地山崩壊予測領域を過
ぎて斜め上方に穿たれた孔に挿入している。また、トン
ネルに吹き付けられたコンクリート２３には基準液槽３
を取り付けている。そして、この基準液槽３と給水タン
ク４の電動ポンプ７と各計測液槽６とを、給水管１０と
電動バルブ１１が介設された枝管１３と電動バルブ１２
が介設された枝管１４とで接続している。As described above, in the present embodiment,
A pipe 5 is formed by connecting a predetermined length of a segment 5a formed of vinyl chloride and having a measuring liquid tank 6 attached thereto one by one with a joint pipe 26 made of hard rubber.
Is inserted from the upper part of the face 21 of the tunnel into a hole that is formed diagonally upward from the ground collapse prediction area. Also, the reference liquid tank 3 is placed on the concrete 23 sprayed on the tunnel.
Is installed. Then, the reference liquid tank 3, the electric pump 7 of the water supply tank 4, and each of the measurement liquid tanks 6 are connected to a water supply pipe 10, a branch pipe 13 having an electric valve 11 interposed, and an electric valve 12
Are connected by a branch pipe 14 interposed.
【００２８】したがって、上記基準液槽３内に上記基準
液位まで給水した後、目的とする計測液槽６の電磁バル
ブ１２を開放して計測液槽６に給水して切り欠き２８か
らオーバーフローさせた後、基準液槽３内の液位をセン
サープローブ３４を介して上記コントローラによって計
測することによって、パイプ５における該当する計測液
槽６の高さを計測できる。すなわち、このようにしてパ
イプ５に設けられた総ての計測液槽６の高さの経時変化
を求めることによって、トンネル掘削による沈下の恐れ
のない不動箇所に対する上記掘削に伴う地山の挙動を正
確に把握することができるのである。さらに、パイプ５
における任意の計測液槽６の高さの過去に計測した総て
の計測液槽６に関する高さからの沈下量に応じて、掘削
工事の停止を促すメッセージを出力することも可能にな
る。Therefore, after water is supplied to the reference liquid tank 3 up to the reference liquid level, the electromagnetic valve 12 of the target measurement liquid tank 6 is opened to supply water to the measurement liquid tank 6 and overflow from the notch 28. After that, by measuring the liquid level in the reference liquid tank 3 by the controller via the sensor probe 34, the height of the corresponding measuring liquid tank 6 in the pipe 5 can be measured. That is, by determining the time-dependent change in the height of all the measuring liquid tanks 6 provided in the pipe 5 in this manner, the behavior of the ground accompanying the excavation at an immovable place where there is no danger of settlement due to tunnel excavation is obtained. It can be accurately grasped. In addition, pipe 5
It is also possible to output a message urging the stop of the excavation work in accordance with the sinking amount from the height of all the measurement liquid tanks 6 measured in the past at the height of the arbitrary measurement liquid tank 6 in the above.
【００２９】その場合における上記基準液槽３内の液位
の計測は、基準液槽３のフロート３５に設けられた磁石
を貫通して垂直方向に配設されたコイルを流れる電流で
行うので、各計測液槽６の液位を０.５mm程度の誤差の
範囲内で計測することができる。また、パイプ５は、セ
グメント５aを硬質ゴムの継手管２６で連結して構成さ
れている。したがって、パイプ５は、地山の沈下の度合
いがパイプ５の長手方向に異なっても各沈下の度合いに
追従して屈曲でき、上記長手方向への沈下の度合いの差
異を的確に検出できる。In this case, the liquid level in the reference liquid tank 3 is measured by a current flowing through a coil provided in a vertical direction through a magnet provided on a float 35 of the reference liquid tank 3. The liquid level in each measuring liquid tank 6 can be measured within an error range of about 0.5 mm. The pipe 5 is formed by connecting the segments 5a with a joint pipe 26 made of hard rubber. Therefore, even if the degree of settlement of the ground differs in the longitudinal direction of the pipe 5, the pipe 5 can bend following the degree of settlement, and the difference in the degree of settlement in the longitudinal direction can be accurately detected.
【００３０】[0030]
【発明の効果】以上より明らかなように、請求項１に係
る発明の地山沈下計測装置は、不動箇所に取り付けられ
た基準液槽と地山に穿たれた穴に設置された複数の計測
液槽とを給液管で接続し、上記基準液槽内の液体を夫々
の計測液槽に独立して供給するので、給液された計測液
槽内の液体と同じ高さの液柱を上記基準液槽内に形成で
きる。そして、液面計測手段によって上記基準液槽内に
おける液面の高さを計測するので、当該計測液槽内の液
面の上記不動箇所からの高さ(つまり、地山における当
該計測液槽が設置されている地点の上記不動箇所からの
高さ)を計測できる。As is apparent from the above description, the apparatus for measuring land subsidence according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a reference liquid tank attached to an immovable point and a plurality of measuring units installed in holes drilled in the ground. The liquid tank is connected with a liquid supply pipe, and the liquid in the reference liquid tank is supplied independently to each of the measurement liquid tanks.Therefore, a liquid column having the same height as the liquid in the supplied measurement liquid tank is formed. It can be formed in the reference liquid tank. Then, since the liquid level measuring means measures the liquid level in the reference liquid tank, the height of the liquid level in the measured liquid tank from the immovable portion (i.e., the measured liquid tank in the ground is not (The height of the installed point from the immovable point) can be measured.
【００３１】したがって、この発明によれば、上述の計
測を繰り返して、地山における総ての計測液槽が設置さ
れている地点の高さの経時変化を計測することによっ
て、切羽周囲の地山の沈下を精度良く計測できる。Therefore, according to the present invention, the above measurement is repeated to measure the temporal change in the height of the point where all the measuring liquid tanks are installed in the ground, thereby obtaining the ground around the face. Subsidence can be accurately measured.
【００３２】また、請求項２に係る発明の地山沈下計測
装置における上記複数の計測液槽はパイプ内に取り付け
られているので、このパイプを地山に穿たれた穴に挿入
することによって、上記複数の計測液槽を上記穴内に容
易に設置できる。The plurality of measuring liquid tanks in the ground subsidence measuring apparatus according to the second aspect of the present invention are mounted in a pipe. By inserting the pipe into a hole formed in the ground, The plurality of measurement liquid tanks can be easily installed in the holes.
【００３３】また、請求項３に係る発明の地山沈下計測
装置における上記パイプは、内部上側に上記計測液槽が
取り付けられる一方、内部下側に上記給液管が挿通され
ているので、このパイプを地山に穿たれた穴に挿入する
ことによって、上記複数の計測液槽の設置と上記基準液
槽および各計測液槽を接続する給液管の配設とを同時に
且つ容易に行うことができる。In the above-mentioned pipe set in the apparatus for measuring land subsidence according to the third aspect of the present invention, the measuring liquid tank is attached to the upper inside and the liquid supply pipe is inserted to the lower inside. By inserting a pipe into a hole drilled in the ground, it is possible to simultaneously and easily perform the installation of the plurality of measurement liquid tanks and the arrangement of the liquid supply pipe connecting the reference liquid tank and each measurement liquid tank. Can be.
【００３４】また、請求項４に係る発明の地山沈下計測
装置における上記パイプは、所定長の複数のパイプを屈
曲可能に連結して構成したので、地山における各計測液
槽が設置されている地点が異なる度合いで沈下した場合
に、各連結位置で個々の沈下の度合いに追従して容易に
屈曲できる。したがって、この発明によれば、各計測液
槽の配列方向への沈下の度合いの差異を的確に計測でき
る。Further, since the pipe in the land subsidence measuring device according to the fourth aspect of the present invention is formed by connecting a plurality of pipes of a predetermined length in a bendable manner, each measuring liquid tank in the ground is installed. When a certain point sinks to a different degree, it can be easily bent at each connection position according to the degree of the individual sinking. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to accurately measure the difference in the degree of settlement in the arrangement direction of each measurement liquid tank.
【００３５】また、請求項５に係る発明の地山沈下計測
方法は、地山に穿たれた穴に複数の計測液槽を設置し、
不動箇所に基準液槽を取り付け、上記基準液槽内の液体
を目的とする計測液槽に供給して上記基準液槽内に当該
計測液槽の液面と同じ高さの液柱を形成し、上記基準液
槽内の液面の高さを計測して当該計測液槽の液面の高さ
を計測し、総ての計測液槽の液面の高さの経時変化を求
めて上記地山の沈下を計測するので、トンネル掘削時に
おける切羽周囲の地山の沈下を精度良く計測できる。Further, according to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a ground subsidence measuring method, wherein a plurality of measuring liquid tanks are installed in a hole formed in the ground.
A reference liquid tank is attached to an immovable point, and the liquid in the reference liquid tank is supplied to a target measurement liquid tank to form a liquid column having the same height as the liquid surface of the measurement liquid tank in the reference liquid tank. Measuring the height of the liquid surface in the reference liquid tank, measuring the liquid surface height of the measurement liquid tank, and determining the temporal change in the liquid surface height of all the measurement liquid tanks, Since the settlement of the mountain is measured, the settlement of the ground around the face at the time of tunnel excavation can be accurately measured.
【図１】 この発明の地山沈下計測装置における概念図
である。FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a land subsidence measuring device of the present invention.
【図２】 図１におけるパイプの埋設状態を示す図であ
る。FIG. 2 is a view showing a buried state of a pipe in FIG. 1;
【図３】 図１におけるパイプの軸に沿った縦断面図で
ある。FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view along the axis of the pipe in FIG.
【図４】 図１における計測液槽の詳細斜視図である。FIG. 4 is a detailed perspective view of a measurement liquid tank in FIG.
【図５】 図１における基準液槽の詳細図である。FIG. 5 is a detailed view of a reference liquid tank in FIG.
１…基準部、 ２…測定部、３…基準液槽、
４…給水タンク、５…パイプ、
５a…セグメント、６…計測液槽、
７…電動ポンプ、８,９,１１,
１２…電動バルブ、 １０…給水管、１３,１４…枝
管、 １５…戻り管、２１…切羽、
２３…コンクリート、２６…
継手管、 ２８…切り欠き、３２
…取付治具、 ３４…センサープロ
ーブ、３５…フロート。1: Reference part, 2: Measurement part, 3: Reference liquid tank,
4 ... water tank, 5 ... pipe,
5a: segment, 6: measuring liquid tank,
7 ... Electric pump, 8, 9, 11,
12 ... electric valve, 10 ... water supply pipe, 13, 14 ... branch pipe, 15 ... return pipe, 21 ... face,
23 ... concrete, 26 ...
Fitting tube, 28 ... Notch, 32
... Mounting jig, 34 ... Sensor probe, 35 ... Float.
フロントページの続き (72)発明者 表 源太郎 大阪府大阪市阿倍野区松崎町２丁目２番２ 号 株式会社奥村組内 (72)発明者 北田 勲 大阪府東住吉区針中野２丁目３番65号 (72)発明者 広田 早三 大阪府堺市北田出井町２丁１番２号Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Table Gentaro 2-2-2 Matsuzaki-cho, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Prefecture Okumura Gumi Co., Ltd. ) Inventor Hayazo Hirota 2-1-2 Kitadaizuicho, Sakai City, Osaka
Claims (5)
地山に穿たれた穴に設置された複数の計測液槽と、 上記トンネルの掘削時に垂直方向への位置変動がない不
動箇所に取り付けられた基準液槽と、 上記基準液槽内における液面の高さを計測する液面計測
手段と、 上記基準液槽と各計測液槽とを接続して、上記基準液槽
内の液体を各計測液槽に独立して供給する給液管を備え
たことを特徴とする地山沈下計測装置。1. A plurality of measuring liquid tanks installed in a hole drilled in the ground to be settled during the excavation of a tunnel, and attached to an immovable place where there is no vertical displacement when excavating the tunnel. A reference liquid tank, a liquid level measuring means for measuring the height of the liquid level in the reference liquid tank, and connecting the reference liquid tank and each of the measurement liquid tanks to each of the liquids in the reference liquid tank. A land subsidence measuring device comprising a liquid supply pipe for independently supplying a measuring liquid tank.
いて、 上記複数の計測液槽は、パイプ内に取り付けられている
ことを特徴とする地山沈下計測装置。2. The land subsidence measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of measurement liquid tanks are mounted in a pipe.
いて、 上記パイプは、内部上側に上記計測液槽が取り付けられ
る一方、内部下側に上記給液管が挿通されていることを
特徴とする地山沈下計測装置。3. The land subsidence measuring device according to claim 2, wherein the pipe has the measurement liquid tank attached to an upper inside thereof, and the liquid supply pipe inserted into a lower inside of the pipe. Land subsidence measurement device.
いて、 上記パイプは、所定長の複数のパイプを屈曲可能に連結
して構成されていることを特徴とする地山沈下計測装
置。4. The land subsidence measuring apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the pipe is formed by connecting a plurality of pipes of a predetermined length in a bendable manner.
地山に穿たれた穴に複数の計測液槽を設置し、 上記トンネルの掘削時に垂直方向への位置変動がない不
動箇所に基準液槽を取り付け、 上記基準液槽内の液体を目的とする計測液槽に供給して
当該計測液槽からオーバーフローさせると共に、上記基
準液槽内に当該計測液槽の液面と同じ高さの液柱を形成
し、 上記基準液槽内の液面の高さを計測することによって、
当該計測液槽の液面の高さを計測し、 上記総ての計測液槽の液面の高さの経時変化を求めるこ
とによって、上記地山の沈下を計測することを特徴とす
る地山沈下計測方法。5. A plurality of measuring liquid tanks are installed in holes drilled in the ground to be settled when excavating a tunnel, and a reference liquid tank is provided at an immovable point where there is no vertical positional change when excavating the tunnel. The liquid in the reference liquid tank is supplied to the target measuring liquid tank to overflow from the measuring liquid tank, and a liquid column having the same height as the liquid surface of the measuring liquid tank in the reference liquid tank. By measuring the height of the liquid level in the reference liquid tank,
Measuring the subsidence of the ground by measuring the height of the liquid level of the measuring liquid tank and determining a temporal change in the height of the liquid level of all the measuring liquid tanks Settlement measurement method.
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP10308332A JP2000130068A (en) | 1998-10-29 | 1998-10-29 | Natural ground settlement measuring device and method therefor |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10308332A JP2000130068A (en) | 1998-10-29 | 1998-10-29 | Natural ground settlement measuring device and method therefor |
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| JP2000130068A true JP2000130068A (en) | 2000-05-09 |
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| KR100792400B1 (en) | 2006-09-07 | 2008-01-08 | 윤용수 | The measuring device for the sinking of soft ground |
| JP2010014435A (en) * | 2008-07-01 | 2010-01-21 | Toyoko Elmes Co Ltd | Settlement measuring device and method |
| KR101008307B1 (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2011-01-14 | 주식회사 서신엔지니어링 | Sinking measuring method for soft ground |
| CN102878980A (en) * | 2012-09-19 | 2013-01-16 | 北京交通大学 | Indirect testing method for underground pipeline settlement induced by subway tunnel construction |
| CN102927966A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-02-13 | 清华大学 | Method for improving monitoring accuracy of structural settlement |
| CN104613934A (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2015-05-13 | 北京航空航天大学 | Remote and real-time ground surface settlement monitoring system based on connected vessel principle |
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| CN110044330A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-07-23 | 中铁十六局集团地铁工程有限公司 | A kind of tunnel roof surrounding rock displacement measuring device and method |
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1998
- 1998-10-29 JP JP10308332A patent/JP2000130068A/en active Pending
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| KR100792400B1 (en) | 2006-09-07 | 2008-01-08 | 윤용수 | The measuring device for the sinking of soft ground |
| JP2010014435A (en) * | 2008-07-01 | 2010-01-21 | Toyoko Elmes Co Ltd | Settlement measuring device and method |
| KR101008307B1 (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2011-01-14 | 주식회사 서신엔지니어링 | Sinking measuring method for soft ground |
| CN102878980A (en) * | 2012-09-19 | 2013-01-16 | 北京交通大学 | Indirect testing method for underground pipeline settlement induced by subway tunnel construction |
| CN102927966A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-02-13 | 清华大学 | Method for improving monitoring accuracy of structural settlement |
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| CN105203080A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2015-12-30 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Roadbed settlement observation device and observation method thereof |
| CN109489626B (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2021-11-02 | 上海港湾工程质量检测有限公司 | Hydraulic sensing surface layer settlement meter and settlement measuring method |
| CN109489626A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2019-03-19 | 上海港湾工程质量检测有限公司 | Hydraulic sensing surface settlement meter and settlement measurement method |
| CN108801213A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2018-11-13 | 浙江广川工程咨询有限公司 | Tunnel vault sinking monitoring system device and measurement method based on isobaris surface principle |
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| CN113776498B (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2023-05-16 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | River bed settlement static force leveling system and method for river crossing tunnel construction |
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