JP2000117538A - Machining method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform dry cut using no cutting lubricant on a practical condition without the occurrence of a coating film from a parent material. SOLUTION: A hub 6 is coated with a film formed substantiall of a composition of (Ti(1-x) Alx) (Ny C(1-y)), wherein 0.2<=x<=0.85, and 0.2<=y<=1.0. A layer substantially of a composition of Ti (Nz C(1-z)), wherein 0.25<=z<=1.0 is formed as a substrate layer. Cutting is effected at a cutting speed in a range of 60-5000 m/min, and a dry cut is practicable without the occurrence of peel of a coated film from a parent material. Even under a sever condition of a high cutting speed and a work 1 having high hardness or a sever condition such as cutting of a number of works 1, peel of a coated film from the parent material is prevented from occurring, and dry cut using no cutting lubricant 4s practicable under a practical condition.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a machining method for creating and finishing a tooth profile using a tool made of high-speed tool steel, and for cutting, turning, and drilling a work.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the field of machine tools, creation of tooth profiles
In the finishing, cutting, turning and drilling of workpieces, from the viewpoint of improving the working environment and shortening the processing time and reducing costs, without applying cutting oil to the processing part,
There is an increasing demand for high-speed processing by dry cutting. For this reason, high-speed tool steel, carbide, or the like is used as a tool, and various elaborate processes are being performed.

[0003]

However, when a tool based on high-speed tool steel is used, in order to perform machining by so-called dry cutting without using a cutting oil, it is necessary to prevent breakage of the tool. At present, it is necessary to reduce the processing speed. When a tool based on carbide is used, the tool hardly breaks even if dry cutting is performed, but since carbide is very expensive, there is a problem in terms of cost and practical application is difficult. Was. As described above, in the machining field of machine tools, it has not been possible to perform high-speed machining by dry cutting at low cost.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a processing method capable of performing processing at low cost and at high speed by dry cutting.

[0005]

According to the present invention, there is provided a method of machining a gear for forming a tooth profile using a hob having a blade portion made of high-speed tool steel.
As the hob, substantially, and at least one layer coating _{(Ti (1-x) Al} x) (N y C (1-y)) 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.85 0.25 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 membrane composition, further, As a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer, a hob provided with a layer having a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0 is used, It is characterized in that the tooth profile is created by dry cutting in which cutting is performed without using a cutting fluid.

[0006] In a method of machining a gear in which a tooth profile is formed using a hob provided with a blade portion made of high-speed tool steel, the hob is substantially (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _{(1 -w)} (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.85 0.25 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 at least one layer is coated, and furthermore, in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer. Using a hob provided with a layer of the composition Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 as an underlayer between the base material and cutting without using a cutting oil It is characterized by creating a tooth profile by dry cutting.

In a method of machining a gear in which a tooth profile is formed by using a hob provided with a blade portion made of a high-speed tool steel, the hob is substantially defined as (Ti _z Al) _x M _(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.85 0.25 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.15 ≤ z ≤ 0.8 0.7 ≤ (z + x) <1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≦ u as a base layer between the base material and at least one layer having a composition of 0.55, and further enhancing the adhesion of the coating layer. A tooth profile is created by dry cutting using a hob provided with a layer having a composition of ≦ 1.0 and using no cutting oil.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method of machining a gear in which a tooth profile is created using a gear cutting tool made of high-speed tool steel. manner, at least the more the _{(Ti (1-x) Al} x) (N y C (1-y)) 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9 0.2 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 membrane composition was coated on at least the flank face, further A gear type shaving in which a layer having a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 is substantially provided as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to increase the adhesion of the coating layer. A tooth profile is created by dry cutting using a tool for cutting without using a cutting oil.

Further, in the method of machining a gear in which a tooth profile is created by using a gear mold cutting tool made of high-speed tool steel, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 At least one film is coated on at least the flank, and further, For gear shaving, a layer with a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 is provided as a base layer between the base material and the base material to increase the adhesion of the coating layer. The tooth profile is created by dry cutting using a tool and cutting without using a cutting oil.

Further, in the method of machining a gear for creating a tooth profile by using a gear cutting tool made of high-speed tool steel, the gear forming tool has a nitride-forming element of M; Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.1 ≤ z ≤ 0.8 0.7 ≤ (z + x) <1.0 0.45 At least one layer of a film having a composition of ≦ w ≦ 0.55 is coated on at least the flank, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer, substantially Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) A tooth profile is created by dry cutting using a gear-type shaving tool provided with a layer having a composition of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0 and using no cutting oil.

[0011] processing method of the present invention for achieving the above object, in the processing method of a gear performing finishing machining of the gear wheel face with a shaving cutter made of high speed tool steel, essentially, (Ti _{(1 -x)} Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) At least one layer of a film having a composition of 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9 0.2 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 is coated on at least the tooth surface, and the adhesion of the coating layer is further reduced. As a base layer between the base material and the base material, a shaving cutter provided with a layer having a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 is used without using a cutting oil. It is characterized in that finish cutting of the gear tooth surface is performed by dry cutting in which cutting is performed.

Further, in a method of processing a gear in which a gear wheel surface is finish-cut using a shaving cutter made of high-speed tool steel, substantially (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _(1-w) ( N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 At least one film is coated on at least the tooth surface, and further, the adhesion of the coating layer is increased. Therefore, a shaving cutter provided with a layer having a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 as an underlayer between the base material, and without using a cutting oil It is characterized in that finish cutting of the gear tooth surface is performed by dry cutting for cutting.

Further, in a method of machining a gear in which a gear wheel surface is finish-cut using a shaving cutter made of a high-speed tool steel, the nitride forming element is set to M, and substantially (Ti _z Al _x M _{(1 -zx)} ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.1 ≤ z ≤ 0.8 0.7 ≤ (z + x) <1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 At least one layer of the film is coated on at least the tooth surface, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer, substantially Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 Using a shaving cutter provided with a layer having a composition of ≦ u ≦ 1.0, finish cutting of the gear tooth surface is performed by dry cutting in which cutting is performed without using a cutting oil.

[0014] processing method of the present invention for achieving the above object, in the processing method of a gear performing finishing machining of the gear wheel face with a shaving cutter made of high speed tool steel, essentially, (Ti _{(1 -x)} Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) At least one layer of a film having a composition of 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9 0.2 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 is coated on at least the tooth surface, and the adhesion of the coating layer is further reduced. As a base layer between the base material and the base material, a shaving cutter provided with a layer having a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 is used. It is characterized in that finish cutting of the gear tooth surface is performed using the same.

Further, in a method of processing a gear in which a gear wheel surface is subjected to finish cutting using a shaving cutter made of a high-speed tool steel, substantially (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _(1-w) ( N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 At least one film is coated on at least the tooth surface, and further, the adhesion of the coating layer is increased. In order to use a shaving cutter provided with a layer having a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 as a base layer between the base material and a water-soluble cutting fluid, And finish cutting of the gear tooth surface.

Further, in a method of machining a gear in which a gear wheel surface is finish-cut using a shaving cutter made of a high-speed tool steel, the nitride forming element is set to M, and (Ti _z Al _x M _{(1 -zx)} ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.1 ≤ z ≤ 0.8 0.7 ≤ (z + x) <1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 At least one layer of the film is coated on at least the tooth surface, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer, substantially Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 Using a shaving cutter provided with a layer having a composition of ≦ u ≦ 1.0, finish cutting of the gear tooth surface is performed using a water-soluble cutting oil.

According to the present invention, there is provided a machining method of a gear for forming a bevel gear using a spiral bevel gear cutter in which a blade member made of high-speed tool steel is attached to a cutter body. At least one film having a composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.85 0.2 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 is coated at least one layer. Spiral bevel gear cutter with a blade material provided with a layer of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 as a base layer between the base material and And a tooth profile is created by dry cutting in which cutting is performed without using a cutting fluid.

Further, in a method of processing a gear for creating a bevel gear using a spiral bevel gear cutter in which a blade material made of high-speed tool steel is attached to a cutter body, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.85 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 At least one film is coated, and the adhesion of the coating layer is further reduced. A spiral bevel gear cutter with a blade material provided with a layer of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 as an underlayer between the base material and It is characterized in that a tooth profile is created by dry cutting in which cutting is performed without using a cutting oil.

Further, in a method of manufacturing a bevel gear using a spiral bevel gear cutter in which a blade material made of a high-speed tool steel is attached to a cutter body, the nitride forming element is substantially M, and Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.85 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.15 ≤ z ≤ 0.8 0.7 ≤ (z + x) <1.0 0.45 At least one layer having a composition of ≦ w ≦ 0.55, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer, substantially Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) Using a spiral bevel gear cutter provided with a blade material provided with a layer having a composition of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0, a tooth profile is created by dry cutting in which cutting is performed without using a cutting oil.

According to a working method of the present invention for achieving the above-mentioned object, in a working method of performing cutting using an end mill of high-speed tool steel, substantially (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.5 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 at least one layer is coated, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer. It is characterized in that cutting is performed by dry cutting, which uses an end mill provided with a layer of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0, and performs cutting without using a cutting oil. I do.

Further, in a machining method for performing machining using an end mill of high-speed tool steel, substantially (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.5 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 at least one layer is coated, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer. In addition, using an end mill provided with a layer of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0, and performing cutting by dry cutting without using cutting oil .

In a machining method for performing cutting using an end mill of high-speed tool steel, the nitride-forming element may be selected from M
Substantially, (Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.5 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.1 ≤ z ≤ 0.8 0.7 ≦ (z + x) <1.0 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55 At least one film is coated, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer, substantially Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) The cutting process is performed by dry cutting using an end mill provided with a layer having a composition of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0 and using no cutting oil.

According to a working method of the present invention for achieving the above object, the present invention provides a working method for performing drilling using a high-speed tool steel drill, wherein (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) 0.3 ≦ x ≦ 0.8 0.6 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 At least one film is coated, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer. It is characterized in that drilling is performed using a drill provided with a layer of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0, and dry cutting is performed without using cutting oil. I do.

Further, in a machining method for performing drilling using a high-speed tool steel drill, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.8 0.6 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 at least one layer is coated, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer. In addition, using a drill provided with a layer having a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0, drilling is performed by dry cut which drills without using a cutting oil. .

In a machining method for performing drilling using a high-speed tool steel drill, a nitride-forming element is set to M, and (Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) _{(1-w )} (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.8 0.6 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.2 ≤ z ≤ 0.7 0.7 ≤ (z + x) <1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55. In order to increase the adhesion of the coating layer, a drill having a layer of substantially Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 is used as a base layer between the base material and the base material. In addition, drilling is performed by dry cutting, in which drilling is performed without using a cutting fluid.

In order to achieve the above object, a machining method according to the present invention is directed to a machining method for performing cutting or turning using a tool to which a high-speed tool steel indexable insert is attached. _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9 0.5 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 At least one layer of the film is coated. As a base layer between the material and the base material, a tool with a throw-away tip provided with a layer having a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 is attached. The processing is performed by dry cutting in which cutting or turning is performed without using.

In a machining method for performing cutting or turning using a tool to which a throw-away tip made of high-speed tool steel is attached, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _{(1-w )} ( _{NyC (1-y)} ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.5 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 At least one film is coated, and further, a base material is used to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer. As a base layer, a tool with a throw-away tip provided with a layer having a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 is used, and a cutting oil is used. It is characterized in that processing is performed by dry cutting in which cutting or turning is performed without using.

In a machining method for performing cutting or turning using a tool to which a high-speed tool steel indexable insert is attached, the nitride forming element is M,
Substantially, (Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9 0.5 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 0.1 ≦ z ≦ 0.8 0.7 ≦ ( z + x) <1.0 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55 At least one film is coated, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to increase the adhesion of the coating layer, Ti (N _u C _{( 1-u)} ) Using a tool equipped with a throw-away insert provided with a layer having a composition of 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0, and performing cutting by dry cutting, which performs cutting or turning without using cutting fluid. .

When machining without using a cutting oil, the machining is performed by blowing air to the machining portion.

When a gear is processed using a hob,
The cutting speed is in a range of 60 m / min or more and 500 m / min or less. Further, when machining a gear using a gear-type shaving tool, the cutting speed is set to 350 m / min or less. Further, when machining a gear using a spiral bevel gear cutter, the cutting speed is set to 450 m / min or less. In the case of performing cutting using an end mill, the cutting speed is set to 600 m / min or less. Further, when drilling using a drill, the cutting speed is set to 200 m / min or less. Furthermore,
When cutting or turning is performed using the insert, the cutting speed or the turning speed is set to 600 m / min or less.

[0031]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A processing method according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The machining method according to the embodiment includes machining a gear that creates a gear using a hob, machining a gear that creates a gear using a gear shaving tool, and machining a gear that creates a bevel gear using a spiral bevel gear cutter. , Finishing the gear tooth surface using a shaving cutter, cutting using an end mill, drilling using a drill, and turning using a tool with a throwaway tip It was done.

A method of machining a gear using a hob to create the gear will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a cutting portion of a hobbing machine for implementing a gear machining method, and FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the value of x and the flank wear of a material composed of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N. FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the value of x of the material having the composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N and crater wear, and FIG. 4 shows the composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the value of u of the underlayer composed of Ti and the flank wear, and FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the value of u of the underlayer composed of Ti ( _{NuC (1-u)} ) and the crater wear. is there.

As shown in FIG. 1, when creating a tooth profile on a work 1 using a hobbing machine, a table 3 is attached via a fixture 2.
The work 1 is attached to the hob head 4 and the hob 6
Is fixed. The work 1 is rotated by rotating the table 3, and the hob 6 is rotated by driving and rotating the hob shaft 5. The hob 6 is cut into the work 1 in a state where the hob 6 and the work 1 are rotated synchronously, and the outer periphery of the work 1 is cut off by the blade of the hob 6 to form a tooth profile. During cutting, dry cutting is performed without supplying cutting fluid.

Examples of the hob 6 include carbide tools, ceramic tools, high-speed tool steel coated with TiAl nitride or carbonitride, tools coated with Al oxide,
There are tools coated with Ti nitride or carbonitride. In particular, when cutting by dry cutting without supplying cutting oil, the tool life is remarkably long and the tool that is overwhelmingly advantageous in terms of cost is a tool made of high-speed tool steel coated with TiAl nitride or carbonitride. is there. Therefore, hob 6
A hob 6 made of high-speed tool steel (high-speed steel) having at least a flank coated with a nitride of TiAl or a carbonitride of TiAl is used. Since the hob 6 is made of high-speed steel, it can be inexpensive and cost can be reduced.

In order to increase the adhesion of the TiAl nitride or TiAl carbonitride coating layer, a Ti carbonitride or Ti nitride is provided as an underlayer. As the nitride of TiAl or the carbonitride of TiAl coated on the hob 6, those coated with a single layer and those coated with any material in a multilayer coating are used.

A method of machining a gear using the hob 6 will be described. As the hob 6, substantially (Ti _(1-x) Al _x )
(N _y C _(1-y) ) 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.85 0.25 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 A film having a composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N, for example, is formed as a _single layer having a thickness of 5 μm. Cutting is performed without supplying a cutting oil (dry cutting) using a hob 6 made of high-speed steel (SKH55) with a multilayer coating.

Here, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C
_(1-y) ) (where 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.85, 0.25 ≦ y ≦
(Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) and (N _y C _(1-y) ) in the 1.0) film
Is (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) :( N _y C _(1-y) ) = 1.1: 0.
From 9 it is between (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) :( N _y C _(1-y) ) = 0.9: 1.1. That is, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _(1-w) (N _y C
_(1-y) ) _w in w is 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55.

Usually, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) and (N _y C _(1-y) )
Is assumed to be 1: 1.
There is no problem even if N and C are contained equally or more. N, C
When a large amount of is contained, solid solution strengthening can be expected.

The hob 6 has a module m of 2.5, a number of 3 units,
The outer diameter is 90 mm, the blade length is 90 mm, and the number of grooves is 12. Work 1
Has a material of SCM435, a module m of 2.5, a number of teeth of 45, a tooth width of 30 mm, and a twist angle of 20 degrees. The processing conditions were axial feed 2 mm / rev, and the number of processed workpieces 1 was 450
Individual.

As shown in FIG. 2, the cutting speed is 80 m / min.
In the composition having a value of x in the range of 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.85 (Ti
_The hob 6 coated with _(1-x) Al _x ) N is below the practical limit (0.2 mm), and is practically usable. Furthermore, the cutting speed
As the speed increases to 180 m / min, the flank wear decreases, and the cutting speed increases to 180 m / min.
_The hob 6 coated with _{(1-x )} Al _x ) N falls within the practical flank wear. As the cutting speed is further increased, the flank wear increases, but even when the cutting speed is 400 m / min, the value of x
The hob 6 coated with (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N of 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.85 is within the practical flank wear.

The practical limit of flank wear is 0.2 mm or less, but the practical limit of crater wear shown in FIG. 3 is desirably 0.1 mm or less. As shown in FIG. 3, crater wear is smallest when the cutting speed is 80 m / min, and increases as the cutting speed increases. However, even when the cutting speed reaches 400 m / min, the crater wear is about 0.05 mm, which is within a range without any problem.

As described above, the high speed steel hob 6 coated with a coating film of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N having a composition of x ≦ 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.85 has a cutting speed of 80
Dry cutting in the range of m / min to 400m / min can realize highly efficient and low cost gear generation.

When the cutting speed is 80 m / min and the value of y is
(Ti of composition in the range of 0.25 ≤ y ≤ 1.0_0.5Al_0.5) (N
_yC_(1-y)) Coated hob 6 is at the practical limit (0.
2mm), the cutting speed is 180m / min and the flank wear is
It has been confirmed that it will decrease. Furthermore, high cutting speed
The flank wear increases as the cutting speed increases, but the cutting speed is 400 m
Group where y value is in the range of 0.25 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 even at / min
Naru no (Ti_0.5Al_0.5)_yC _(1-y))
No. 6 confirms that the escape wear falls within the allowable range
Have been.

[0044] Thus, _{substantially, (Ti (1-x)} Al x) (N y C (1-y)) 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.85 0.25 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 manufactured high speed steel coated film of the composition of In hob 6,
Dry cutting at a cutting speed in the range of 80m / min to 400m / min can realize highly efficient and low cost gear generation.

On the other hand, the hob 6 is substantially made of Ti in order to increase the adhesion of the coating layer between the coating layer composed of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N and the base material. (N _u C
_An underlayer having the composition of _(1-u) ) is provided. The flank wear and crater wear when the value of u of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) of the underlayer is changed will be described with reference to FIGS. The coating layer composed of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N in FIGS. 4 and 5 is, for example, (Ti _0.6 A
l _0.4 ) A coating layer composed of N 2 is used.

As shown in FIG. 4, the flank wear was below the practical limit (0.2 mm) under any conditions at a cutting speed of 60 m / min, and the material became practical. Furthermore, cutting speed from 180m / min
As the speed increases to 450 m / min, flank wear decreases
The hob 6 provided with Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) having a composition of u of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0 as a base layer falls within practically usable flank wear. However, when u becomes 0.1, separation occurs and the flank wear exceeds the practical limit (0.2 mm).

As described above, by providing Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) having a composition in which the value of u is in the range of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0 as a base layer, peeling of the coating film from the base material occurs. Without this, dry cutting without using cutting oil becomes practical. Furthermore, by providing Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) having a composition in which the value of u is in the range of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0 as the underlayer, the range of the cutting speed can be broadened from 60 m / min to 450 m / min. Even if the coating film does not peel off from the base material,
Dry cutting becomes practical.

The practical limit of crater wear is desirably 0.1 mm or less. As shown in FIG. 5, the crater wear is smallest when the cutting speed is 60 m / min, and increases as the cutting speed increases. However, even when the cutting speed reaches 450 m / min, Ti (N _u C
_By providing _(1-u) ) as an underlayer, crater wear is reduced.
It is less than 0.1mm and within the range without any problem. However, when u becomes 0.1, peeling occurs and the crater wear exceeds the practical limit (0.1 mm).

As described above, by providing Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) having a composition in which the value of u is in the range of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0 as a base layer, peeling of the coating film from the base material occurs. Without this, dry cutting without using cutting oil becomes practical. Furthermore, by providing Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) having a composition in which the value of u is in the range of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0 as the underlayer, the range of the cutting speed can be broadened from 60 m / min to 450 m / min. Even if the coating film does not peel off from the base material,
Dry cutting becomes practical.

The hob 6 is coated with a film having a composition of (Ti _0.6 Al _0.4 ) N. In order to increase the adhesion of the coating layer, the underlayer is substantially Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) By providing a layer with the composition of 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 and cutting at a cutting speed of 60 m / min to 500 m / min, the coating film does not peel from the base material. In addition, dry cutting becomes practical. For this reason, even under severe conditions in which a high cutting speed and high hardness of the work 1 or a large number of works 1 are cut, the coating film does not peel off from the base material,
Dry cutting without using a cutting fluid is possible under practical conditions.

In the above-mentioned case, the composition of (Ti _0.6 Al _0.4 ) N is used for the coating layer, but the value of x is 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.85 and the value of y is 0.25 ≦ y ≦ 1.0. By using the composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) within the range, the value of u can be changed to Ti of the composition in the range of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0.
4 and 5 when (N _u C _(1-u) ) is provided as the underlayer.
Approximately the same result is obtained. The thickness of the coating layer is preferably 0.5 μm or more and 10 μm or less, and may be a single layer or a multilayer. Further, as a hobbing method, dry cutting can be performed under practical conditions as compared with the reverse winding and the same winding conventional, and the reverse winding and the same winding climb cutting method.

In the above-described method of processing a gear using the hob 6, it is also possible to perform cutting while blowing air on the cutting portion. By performing cutting by the hob 6 while blowing air to the cutting portion, chips generated by the cutting can be blown off from the cutting portion and removed.
It is also possible to mix a small amount of cutting oil into the air and spray it in a mist. By performing the processing of the gear by blowing air, it is possible to realize the creation of the tooth profile at high efficiency and at low cost without causing the chip to be caught.

The above does not include the addition of the nitride-forming element M.
Case, that is, substantially (Ti_zAl_xM _(1-zx)) (N_yC
_(1-y)), M is 0 and (Ti_(1-x)Al_x) (N_yC
_(1-y)) (However, 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.85, 0.25 ≤ y ≤ 1.0)
In this case, a film having the following composition is coated. Nitride
The nitride forming element M capable of forming_(1-x)Al_x) (N_y
C _(1-y)) Will be described. Nitride forming element M
By adding_{(1-z -x)}Therefore, (1-X) is z
And (Ti_(1-x)Al_x) (N_yC_(1-y)) Has the composition (T
i_zAl_xM_(1-zx)) (N_yC_(1-y)).

As the hob 6, _one coated with a film having a composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) to which the nitride-forming element M is added is used. That is, the nitride-forming element is M, and substantially (Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N
The composition of _{y C (1-y))} w ( however, 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.85,0.25
≦ y ≦ 1.0, 0.15 ≦ z ≦ 0.8, 0.7 ≦ (z + x) <1.0
, 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55, at least one of which is applied to at least the flank of the hob 6.

Here, as the nitride forming elements, Zr (zirconium), Hf (hafnium), Y (yttrium), V (vanadium), Nb (niobium), Ta (tantalum), Si (silicon), Cr (silicon) Chrome), Mo (molybdenum),
W (tungsten), B (boron), Mg (magnesium), Ca (calcium) and Be (beryllium) are applied.

Hereinafter, the case where V (vanadium), B (boron) and Zr (zirconium) are applied as typical elements of the nitride forming element M will be specifically described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 6 shows the relationship between cutting speed and flank wear when V and B are slightly added, and FIG. 7 shows V, B and Zr.
6 shows the relationship between the cutting speed and the flank wear when adding more than in FIG.

Here, the hob 6 has a module m of 2.5,
The number of mouths is 3, the outer diameter is 90 mm, the blade length is 90 mm, and the number of grooves is 12. Also,
The work is made of SCM435 material, module m is 2.5, number of teeth is
45, tooth width is 30mm, helix angle is 20 degrees. The processing conditions were 2 mm / rev axial feed, and the number of processed workpieces was 35
There are zero. In the figure, the flank wear amount of the hob 6 is the flank wear amount after 350 workpieces are cut at various cutting speeds. 6 and 7, the coating film is a single layer and the thickness is 1.7 μm.

As shown in FIG. 6, (Ti_zAl
_xM_(1-zx))_(1-w)(N_yC_(1-y))_wAs (Ti
_0.795Al_0.2V_0.005) N, (Ti_0.15Al_0.845V_0.005) N, (Ti
_0.5Al_0.45B_0.05) (N_0.9C _0.1) Is coated on the hob 6.
Cutting speed from around 80m / min.
Up to about 400m / min, the flank wear is limited to the practical wear limit (0.20
mm) less tool wear. For this reason,
With slight addition of nitride forming elements V and B
The same height as when no nitride-forming element is added
Efficient low-cost processing can be realized. Not shown in the figure
However, for crater wear, the cutting speed is 80m /
Practical wear limit from around min to cutting speed of about 400m / min
It has been confirmed that the amount of wear is smaller.

As shown in FIG. 7, (Ti _z Al
_x M _(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w as (Ti _0.5
Al _0.4 V _0.1 ) N, (Ti _0.6 Al _0.2 B _0.2 ) N, (Ti _0.4 Al _0.3 V _0.3 )
_{(N 0.7 C 0.3), (} Ti 0 .4 Al 0.3 Zr 0.3) when coated with film hob 6 the composition of (N _0.5 C _0.5), in the vicinity of the cutting speed 80 m / min cutting speed 400 meters / min around or less The flank wear is within the tool wear less than the practical wear limit (0.20mm). Therefore, even when V, B, and Zr, which are the nitride-forming elements, are added more than in FIG. 6, the same high-efficiency and low-cost processing can be realized as when no nitride-forming element is added. Although not shown in the figure, it was confirmed that the crater wear was less than the practical wear limit from a cutting speed of about 80 m / min to a cutting speed of about 400 m / min or less.

If the amount of the added nitride-forming element exceeds 0.3 as compared with the composition of the TiAl-added element, the film is liable to peel off. Therefore, the amount of the added nitride-forming element depends on the composition of the TiAl-added element. Is preferably 0.3 or less. When the amount of the nitride-forming element exceeds 0.3 (when z + x is less than 0.7) as compared with the composition of the TiAl-added element, that is, the nitride-forming element M
If the ratio is too large, the basic characteristics of TiAl will be impaired and peeling will occur.

Next, the case where the ratio of the metal element (TiAl, the nitride forming element to be added) and the nonmetal element (N) containing C is changed will be specifically described with reference to FIG. FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the cutting speed and the flank wear when the composition ratio of the metal element and the nonmetal element containing C is changed between 0.45 and 0.55. The processing conditions are the same as those shown in FIGS. The coating film is a single layer and the film thickness is 1.7
μm.

As shown in FIG. 8, (Ti _z Al
_x M _(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w as (Ti _0.5
Al _0.4 V _0.1 ) _0.45 N _0.55 and (Ti _0.5 Al _0.4 V _0.1 ) _0.55 N _0.45
When a film having the following composition is coated on the hob 6, the cutting speed from around 80m / min to the cutting speed of 400m in both cases where there are many metallic elements or where there are many nonmetallic elements including C
The flank wear is below the practical wear limit (0.20mm) at around / min or less.
It is possible to realize high-efficiency low-cost machining with less tool wear. Although not shown in the figure, the crater wear was reduced from a cutting speed of around 80 m / min to a cutting speed of 400 m / m.
It has been confirmed that the amount of wear is less than the practical wear limit below around in. Where w is 0.45 ≤ w ≤
The reason for setting the value to 0.55 is that if w is out of the range of 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55, there is a possibility that peeling of the film or deterioration of the wear resistance of the film may occur.

Incidentally, (Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) and (N _y
The ratio of C _(1-y) ) _w is assumed to be 1: 1. However, the ratio of non-metallic elements including C to the metal elements Ti, Al and the added nitride-forming element is increased or decreased. There is no problem. When the amount of nonmetallic elements including C is increased, solid solution strengthening can be expected.

As described above, even when a film containing V, B, and Zr added as a nitride-forming element M is coated and dry-cut, the amount of wear falls within the practical wear limit. V, B and Zr
The same high-efficiency and low-cost processing can be realized as when no is added. Incidentally, even when a film to which an element other than V, B and Zr is added as a nitride forming element M is coated and dry-cut, a high-efficiency and low-cost processing can be performed similarly to the case where V, B and Zr are added. realizable.

A method of machining a gear using a gear-type shaving tool (pinion cutter) to create a gear will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 9 shows a schematic configuration of a cutting portion of a gear shaper that implements a gear machining method, FIG. 10 shows an external appearance of a pinion cutter, and FIG. 11 shows a material having a composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N. Relationship between x value and flank wear, FIG.
2. FIG. 13 shows the relationship between the value of u of the underlayer having the composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) and the flank wear.

As shown in FIG. 9, a work 13 is attached to a fixture 12 on a table 11 of a gear shaper, and a pinion cutter 15 is attached to a cutter head 14. The table 11 and the cutter head 14 are relatively rotated by a drive mechanism (not shown), and the cutter head 14 reciprocates up and down. Further, the cutter head 14 and the table 11 are relatively moved to give a cut, and the outer periphery of the work 13 is shaved off by the blade of the pinion cutter 15 to create a tooth profile. During cutting, dry cutting is performed without supplying cutting fluid. In the dry-cut processing, no cutting oil is used, so that there is no generation of stains and unusual odors on the floor, and no waste oil treatment is required. Therefore, it is suitable for improving the working environment and the global environment.

As the pinion cutter 15, a pinion cutter 15 made of high-speed steel (high-speed steel) coated with TiAl nitride or TiAl carbonitride is used.
TiAl nitride, or TiAl carbonitride, in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer of TiAl carbonitride,
Ti nitride is provided as an underlayer. As the nitride of TiAl or the carbonitride of TiAl coated on the pinion cutter 15, those coated with a single layer and those coated with at least one material in a multilayer coating are used.

As the pinion cutter 15, by coating a high-speed tool steel pinion cutter with a nitride of TiAl or a carbonitride of TiAl, the Al in the coating film increases in temperature due to the cutting heat, and as a result, The coating film is oxidized to form an oxide film having high wear resistance on the surface of the coating film, and the pinion cutter 4 is hardly worn. Further, the oxide film has an effect of preventing oxidation inside the film, and can keep the adhesion of the coating film strong.

A method of machining a gear using the above-described pinion cutter 15 will be described. As pinion cutter 15, _{substantially, (Ti (1-x)} Al x) (N y C (1-y)) 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9 0.2 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 the composition of the film, for example, (Ti _{(1 -x)} A pinion cutter 15 made of a high-speed steel (SKH51) coated with a material having the composition of Al _x ) N at least on the flank 15a (see FIG. 10) with a thickness of 5 μm or a single layer or a multilayer is applied. Cutting without supplying (dry cutting).

Then, substantially (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C
_(1-y) ) (where 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9, 0.2 ≦ y ≦
(Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) and (N _y C _(1-y) ) in the 1.0) film
Is (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) :( N _y C _(1-y) ) = 1.1: 0.
From 9 it is between (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) :( N _y C _(1-y) ) = 0.9: 1.1. That is, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _(1-w) (N _y C
_(1-y) ) _w in w is 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55.

Usually, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) and (N _y C _(1-y) )
Is assumed to be 1: 1.
There is no problem even if NC is contained abundantly to strengthen solid solution.

The pinion cutter 15 has 50 teeth and an outer diameter of 13
0 mm. Work 13, the material is SCM435 (hardness H _B 15
0) or S50C (hardness H _B 280), the module m 2.5
The number of teeth is 40, the tooth width is 20 mm, and the helix angle is 20 degrees. The processing conditions are axial feed 2mm / rev, work 1
The number of processing is 450. Processing conditions other than cutting speed are:
Circumferential feed 3 mm / stroke, radial feed 7 μm / stroke. The finishing speed after rough cutting is the cutting speed.
100m / min, circumferential feed 1mm / stroke, radial feed 3
μm / stroke. The number of machining of the work 13 is 10
There are zero.

In FIG. 11, the flank wear amount of the pinion cutter 15 is measured at various cutting speeds (20 m / min, 30 m / min, 50 m / min).
(min, 80m / min, 150m / min, 300m / min). As the cutting speed increases, the amount of wear increases, but even at a cutting speed of 300 m / min, the flank wear is below the practical limit (0.2 mm). The practical limit of flank wear is 0.2 mm or less, but the practical limit of crater wear is desirably 0.1 mm or less.

As described above, the pinion cutter 15 made of a high-speed steel coated with a coating film of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N having a composition of x ≦ 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9
Dry cutting with a cutting speed in the range of 20m / min to 300m / min can realize highly efficient and low cost gear generation.

In addition, (Ti _0.5 Al _0.5 ) (N 2) of a composition having a cutting speed of 20 m / min or more and a value of y in the range of 0.2 ≦ y ≦ 1.0
_y C _(1-y)) pinion cutter 15 coated with it has been confirmed to be less than practical limit (0.2 mm). Furthermore, as the cutting speed increases, the flank wear increases, but even when the cutting speed reaches 300 m / min, the value of y is 0.2 ≦ y ≦
(Ti _0.5 Al _0.5 ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) with composition in the range of 1.0
It has been confirmed that the escape wear is within an allowable range if the pinion cutter 15 is coated with.

On the other hand, the pinion cutter 15 has (Ti
_In order to increase the adhesion of the coating layer between the coating layer having the composition of _(1-x) Al _x ) N and the base material, Ti (N
_An underlayer having a composition of _{uC (1-u )} ) is provided.
The state of flank wear when the value of u of Ti ( _{NuC (1-u)} ) of the underlayer is changed will be described with reference to FIGS. In the situation shown in FIG. 12, the material of the work 13 is SCM435.
In the case of (hardness H _B 0.99), the situation shown in FIG. 13 is a case where the material of the workpiece 13 is S50C of (hardness H _B 280).
The coating layer composed of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N is a coating layer composed of (Ti _0.6 Al _0.4 ) N.

As shown in FIG. 12, the material of the work 13 is
SCM435 in the case of (hardness H _B 0.99), the cutting speed 20 m / mi
Under both conditions of n and 80m / min, the flank wear is below the practical limit (0.2mm) and becomes practical. Further, when the cutting speed is increased to 350 m / min, the flank wear increases, but Ti (N _u C _{(1
-u) The} pinion cutter 15 provided as a base layer falls within practically usable flank wear. However, when u becomes 0.1, separation occurs and the flank wear exceeds the practical limit (0.2 mm).

As shown in FIG. 13, the material of the work 13 is
S50C (hardness H _B 280) in the case of the cutting speed 20 m / min
Under any conditions, the flank wear is below the practical limit (0.2 mm), making it practical. Further, when the cutting speed is increased from 80 m / min to 350 m / min, the flank wear increases, but Ti (N _u C) having a composition of u value of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0
_The pinion cutter 15 provided with _{(1-u )} ) as an underlayer falls within practically usable flank wear. However, when u becomes 0.1, peeling occurs and the amount of flank wear is the practical limit (0.2 mm).
Beyond.

As described above, by providing Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) having a composition in which the value of u is in the range of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0 as the underlayer, the peeling of the coating film from the base material occurs. Without this, dry cutting without using cutting oil becomes practical. Further, by providing Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) having a composition in which the value of u is in the range of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0 as the underlayer, even if the cutting speed is increased to 350 m / min, the Dry cut can be made practical without peeling of the coating film.

The pinion cutter 15 is provided with (Ti _0.6 Al _0.4 ) N
A film having a composition of substantially Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 as a base layer between the base material and the base material to increase the adhesion of the coating layer. By providing the above layer and cutting at a cutting speed in the range of 20 m / min to 350 m / min, dry cutting can be performed without peeling of the coating film from the base material. For this reason, even under severe conditions in which a high cutting speed, a high hardness of the work 13 or a large number of works 13 are cut, the dry cut without using a cutting oil does not occur without peeling of the coating film from the base material. Is possible under practical conditions.

In the above-mentioned case, the composition of (Ti _0.6 Al _0.4 ) N is used as the coating layer, but the value of x is 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9 and the value of y is 0.2 ≦ y ≦ 1.0. By using the composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) within the range, the value of u can be changed to Ti of the composition in the range of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0.
When (N _u C _(1-u) ) is provided as the underlayer, substantially the same results as in FIGS. 12 and 13 are obtained. The thickness of the coating layer is preferably 0.5 μm or more and 10 μm or less, and may be a single layer or a multilayer.

In the above-described method for processing a gear using the pinion cutter 15, it is also possible to perform cutting while blowing air on the cutting portion. By cutting with the pinion cutter 15 while blowing air on the cutting part,
It becomes possible to remove chips generated by the cutting by blowing them away from the cutting part. It is also possible to mix a small amount of cutting oil into the air and spray it in a mist. By performing the processing of the gear by blowing air, it is possible to realize the creation of the tooth profile at high efficiency and at low cost without causing the chip to be caught.

Next, another example of the film coated on the pinion cutter 15 will be described. As the pinion cutter 15, one coated with a TiAl nitride or a TiAl carbonitride to which a nitride-forming element capable of forming a high-quality nitride is added is used. A single-layer coating of either TiAl nitride or TiAl carbonitride to which a nitride-forming element is added, or a pinion cutter coated with at least one material in a multi-layer coating is used.

Here, as the nitride forming elements, Zr (zirconium), Hf (hafnium), Y (yttrium), V (vanadium), Nb (niobium), Ta (tantalum), Si (silicon), Cr (silicon) Chrome), Mo (molybdenum),
W (tungsten), B (boron), Mg (magnesium), Ca (calcium) and Be (beryllium) are applied.

That is, when the nitride forming element is M,
To (Ti_zAl_xM_(1-zx))_(1-w)(N _yC_(1-y))_wPair of
(However, 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9, 0.2 ≦ y ≦ 1.0, 0.1 ≦
z ≦ 0.8, 0.7 ≦ (z + x) <1.0, 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55
At least one layer is applied to the pinion cutter 15.
Use of In addition, the coating of the film is
At least the flank 15a of the pinion cutter 15 (see FIG. 10)
It should just be given to.

Further, (Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y
C _(1-y) ) By defining the range of x in _w to be 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9 and defining the range of y to be 0.2 ≦ y ≦ 1.0, the range of z is the range of 1 minus x. (Z =
1-x). For this reason, TiAl, NC has the same composition range as in the above case where the nitride-forming element M is not added, and FIG.
As a result, substantially the same effect as the result of FIG. 13 is obtained. By adding the nitride forming element M, the nitride forming element M becomes Ti
A high-quality nitride can be formed that can be replaced with Al.

Hereinafter, a case where V (vanadium), B (boron) and Zr (zirconium) are applied as typical elements of the nitride forming element M will be specifically described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 14 shows the relationship between the cutting speed and flank wear when V and B are slightly added, and FIG.
14 shows the relationship between the cutting speed and the flank wear when B and Zr are added more than in FIG.

Here, the material of the work is SCM435, and the gear to be machined is a module 2.5, the number of teeth is 40, the tooth width is 20 mm, and the torsion angle is 20 degrees. The base material of the pinion cutter 15 is SKH51, the number of teeth is 50, the outer diameter is 130 mm, and the coating film thickness is 1.7 μm.
m is a single layer. The processing conditions are a circumferential feed of 3 mm / stroke and a radial feed of 7 μm / stroke. Finish cutting after rough cutting is performed at a cutting speed of 100 m / min and a circumferential feed of 1
mm / stroke, radial feed 3μm / stroke. In the drawing, the flank wear amount of the pinion cutter 15 is the flank wear amount after cutting 100 pieces of the work at various cutting speeds.

As shown in FIG. 14, (Ti _z Al _x M
_(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w , (Ti _0.795 Al
_0.2 V _0.005 ) N, (Ti _0.15 Al _0.845 V _0.005 ) N, (Ti _0.5 Al _0.45
B _0.05) (If the N _{0. 9} C _0.1) at least one layer a film of composition was coated on a pinion cutter 15, cutting speed 80 m / mi
From the vicinity of n to the cutting speed of about 400m / min, the flank wear is within the tool wear less than the practical wear limit (0.20mm). Therefore, even when the nitride forming elements V and B are slightly added, the same high-efficiency and low-cost processing as in the case where the nitride forming elements are not added can be realized.
Although not shown in the figure, the crater wear
It has been confirmed that the amount of wear is less than the practical wear limit when the cutting speed is around 300 m / min or less.

As shown in FIG. 15, (Ti _z Al _x M
_(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w , (Ti _0.5 Al
_0.4 V _0.1 ) N, (Ti _0.6 Al _0.2 B _0.2 ) N, (Ti _0.4 Al _0.3 V _0.3 ) (N
_When at least one layer of the composition of ( _0.7 C _0.3 ), (Ti _0.4 Al _0.3 Zr _0.3 ) (N _0.5 C _0.5 ) is coated on the pinion cutter 15, the cutting speed is about 80 m / min to about 300 m / min or less. The flank wear is within the tool wear less than the practical wear limit (0.20mm). Therefore, even when V, B, and Zr, which are the nitride-forming elements, are added more than in FIG. 14, the same high-efficiency and low-cost processing as when no nitride-forming element is added can be realized. Although not shown in the figure, the crater wear was also reduced at a cutting speed of 300 m / m.
It has been confirmed that the wear amount is less than the practical wear limit up to around in.

If the amount of the added nitride-forming element exceeds 0.3 as compared with the composition of the TiAl-added element, the film is liable to peel off. Therefore, the amount of the added nitride-forming element depends on the composition of the TiAl-added element. Is preferably 0.3 or less. If the amount of the nitride-forming element exceeds 0.3 (z + x is less than 0.7) as compared with the composition of the TiAl-added element, that is, if the proportion of the nitride-forming element M is too large, the basic characteristics of TiAl are impaired and peeling occurs. Will occur.

Next, the case where the ratio between the metal element (TiAl, the added nitride forming element) and the nonmetal element (N) containing C is changed will be specifically described with reference to FIG. FIG. 16 shows the relationship between the cutting speed and the flank wear when the composition ratio of the metal element and the nonmetal element including C is changed between 0.45 and 0.55. The processing conditions are the same as those shown in FIGS. The coating film is a single layer and the film thickness is 1.
7 μm.

As shown in FIG. 16, (Ti _z Al _x M
_(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w , (Ti _0.5 Al
_0.4 V _0.1 ) _0.45 N _0.55 and (Ti _0.5 Al _0.4 V _0.1 ) _0.55 N _{0.45 When} at least one layer is coated on the pinion cutter 15, when there are many metal elements or when there are many non-metal elements including C Cutting speed of 80
The flank wear is less than the practical wear limit (0.20 mm) at tool cutting speeds below the practical wear limit (0.20 mm) from near m / min to cutting speeds near 300 m / min. Although not shown in the figure, the crater wear was
It has been confirmed that the wear amount is less than the practical wear limit up to around / min or less. Where w is 0.45 ≤
The reason why w ≦ 0.55 is that if w is out of the range of 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55, there is a possibility that peeling of the film or deterioration of the wear resistance of the film may occur.

Usually, (Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) and (N _y
The ratio of C _(1-y) ) _w is assumed to be 1: 1. However, the ratio of non-metallic elements including C to the metal elements Ti, Al and the added nitride-forming element is increased or decreased. There is no problem. Solid solution strengthening can be expected by increasing the amount of nonmetallic elements including C.

As described above, even when a film containing V, B, and Zr added as a nitride-forming element M is coated and dry-cut, the amount of wear is within the practical wear limit. Similarly to the results shown in the above, the same high-efficiency and low-cost processing as in the case where V, B and Zr are not added can be realized. Note that V, B, and Zr
Even when a film containing elements other than the above is coated and dry cut is performed, high efficiency and low cost processing can be realized in the same manner as in the case where V, B and Zr are added.

Although the pinion cutter 15 has been described as an example of the gear type shaving tool, the present invention can be similarly applied to a rack cutter.

A method of machining a gear for performing a finish cutting of a gear tooth surface using a shaving cutter will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 17 shows the state of the main part of the shaving cutter that implements the gear machining method, and FIG. 18 shows (Ti _(1-x)
The relationship between the value of x and the surface roughness of a material composed of Al _x ) N, and FIGS. 19 and 20 show a case where an underlayer composed of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) is provided. The relationship between the number of cuts and the surface roughness is shown.

As shown in FIG. 17, a plurality of blade grooves 24 are formed on the tooth surface 23 of the tooth portion 22 of the shaving cutter 21, and a cutting blade 25 is formed on the tooth surface 23. The work (not shown) and the shaving cutter 21 are engaged with each other at an axis crossing angle, and one side (shaving cutter 21) is driven to rotate so that the work is rotated together with the cutting blade 25.
The surface of the workpiece is finely cut to perform finish cutting. During cutting, dry cutting is performed without supplying cutting fluid. In the dry-cut processing, no cutting oil is used, so that there is no generation of stains and unusual odors on the floor, and no waste oil treatment is required. Therefore, it is suitable for improving the working environment and the global environment. Alternatively, during cutting, cutting is performed while applying water or a water-soluble cutting oil (solution type diluted 50-fold with water).

The shaving cutter 21 is made of TiAl nitride or TiAl carbonitride at least on the tooth surface 2.
A shaving cutter 21 made of high-speed steel (high-speed steel) coated on No. 3 is used. In order to increase the adhesion of the TiAl nitride or TiAl carbonitride coating layer, Ti carbonitride or Ti nitride is provided as an underlayer. As the nitride of TiAl or the carbonitride of TiAl coated on the shaving cutter 21, a single-layer coating or a multi-layer coating in which at least one material is coated is used.

As the shaving cutter 21, a high-speed tool steel shaving cutter is coated with TiAl nitride and TiAl carbonitride, whereby the Al in the coating film rises in temperature due to the cutting heat, and as a result, Oxidation forms an oxide film having high abrasion resistance on the surface of the coating film, so that the shaving cutter 1 is hardly worn. Further, the oxide film has an effect of preventing oxidation inside the film, and can keep the adhesion of the coating film strong.

A method of finishing the gear using the above-described shaving cutter 21 will be described. As the shaving cutter 21, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N
_y C _(1-y) ) 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9 A film having a composition of 0.2 ≦ y ≦ 1.0, for example, a material having a composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N Cutting is performed using a high-speed steel (SKH51) shaving cutter 21 coated with a single layer or a multilayer of 5 μm without supplying a cutting oil (dry cutting). Alternatively, cutting is performed while applying water or a water-soluble cutting oil.

Then, substantially (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C
_(1-y) ) (where 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9, 0.2 ≦ y ≦
(Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) and (N _y C _(1-y) ) in the 1.0) film
Is (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) :( N _y C _(1-y) ) = 1.1: 0.
From 9 it is between (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) :( N _y C _(1-y) ) = 0.9: 1.1. That is, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _(1-w) (N _y C
_(1-y) ) _w in w is 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55.

Usually, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) and (N _y C _(1-y) )
Is assumed to be 1: 1.
There is no problem even if N and C are contained equally or more. N, C
When a large amount of is contained, solid solution strengthening can be expected.

The shaving cutter 21 has 73 teeth, an outer diameter of 200 mm, and an intersection angle of 15 degrees. Work, the material is carbon steel (hardness H _B 250) or carburized steel (hardness H _B 130), the module m is 2.75, the number of teeth 37, face width is 13 mm, the helix angle
20 degrees. In addition, the number of processed workpieces is 100.

In FIG. 18, the surface roughness (μm) is the worst value (μmR _max ) of all the plunge-shaved workpieces. As shown in the figure, the value of x is 0.
In the case of a coating film of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N having a composition in the range of 2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9, a surface roughness of 3 μmR which can be used practically
It can be about _max . When the value of x is 0.1 and 1.0, surface roughness becomes about 9~12μmR _max.

As described above, the shaving cutter 21 made of a high-speed steel coated with a coating film of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N having a composition of x in the range of 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9.
Then, finish cutting can be realized in a state in which a practically usable surface roughness can be obtained by dry cutting. Even when cutting is performed while applying water or a water-soluble cutting oil, finish cutting can be realized in a state in which a more practical surface roughness than dry cutting is obtained. In addition, for a composition in which the value of y is in the range of 0.2 ≦ y ≦ 1.0
It has been confirmed that the shaving cutter 21 coated with (Ti _0.5 Al _0.5 ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) can realize finish cutting to obtain a practically usable surface roughness as described above.

On the other hand, the shaving cutter 21 has (Ti
_(1-x)Al_x) Coating layer composed of N and base material
In order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer, Ti (N
_uC _(1-u)) Is provided.
Ti (N_uC_(1-u)) When the value of u is changed
The relationship between the number of cuts and the surface roughness is based on FIGS. 19 and 20.
explain. In the situation shown in FIG. 19, the material of the workpiece is carbon.
Steel (hardness H_B250), the situation shown in FIG.
The material of the workpiece is carburized steel (hardness H_B130).
(Ti_(1-x)Al_x) Coating layer composed of N
Is (Ti_0.6Al_{0. Four}) The coating layer composed of N
Used.

[0108] As shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, either, cutting the number of cases of the material of the workpiece of carbon steel (hardness H _B 250) of the case and material of the workpiece is carburized steel (hardness H _B 130) 100 Up to the number of shaving cutters 21 provided with Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) having a composition of u of 0.1 as a base layer, the surface roughness is about 3 μm R _{max at} which practical use is possible. above surface roughness and peeling occurred in the past the 20MyumR _max life is shortened. Ti (N
Even after processing 200 shaving cutters 21 provided with _u C _(1-u) ) as an underlayer, 3 μ
It is about mR _max, and has a long life and is practical.

As described above, by providing Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) having a composition in which the value of u is in the range of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0 as an underlayer, even after processing 200 or more pieces, Dry cutting without using a cutting oil becomes practical without peeling of the coating film. Further, it becomes practical to perform cutting with a water-soluble cutting oil.

On the shaving cutter 21, (Ti _0.6 A
l _0.4 ) A film having a composition of N is coated, and as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer, substantially Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≦ u By providing a layer with a composition of ≦ 1.0, even after processing 200 or more workpieces, the coating film does not peel off from the base material, and dry cutting and finish cutting with a water-soluble cutting fluid are practical. Becomes For this reason, even under severe conditions such as high cutting speed, high hardness work, or the finish cutting of a large number of works, dry cutting or cutting without using a cutting oil agent does not occur without peeling of the coating film from the base material. Finish cutting with a water-soluble cutting fluid is possible under practical conditions.

The coating layer used in the above case has a composition of (Ti _0.6 Al _0.4 ) N. However, when the value of x is 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9 and the value of y is 0.2 ≦ y ≦ 1.0. By using the composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) within the range, the value of u can be changed to Ti of the composition in the range of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0.
When (N _u C _(1-u) ) is provided as the underlayer, substantially the same results as in FIGS. 13 and 14 can be obtained. The thickness of the coating layer is preferably 0.5 μm or more and 10 μm or less, and may be a single layer or a multilayer.

In the above-described method of processing a gear using the shaving cutter 21, it is also possible to perform cutting while blowing air on the cutting portion. By performing the finish cutting by the shaving cutter 21 while blowing air to the cutting portion, it becomes possible to blow off chips generated by the finish cutting from the cutting portion and remove them. It is also possible to mix a small amount of cutting oil into the air and spray it in a mist. By performing the processing of the gear by blowing air, it is possible to realize the creation of the tooth profile at high efficiency and at low cost without causing the chip to be caught.

Next, another example of the film coated on the shaving cutter 21 will be described. As the shaving cutter 21, one coated with a nitride of TiAl or a carbonitride of TiAl to which a nitride-forming element capable of forming a high-quality nitride is added is used. A single-layer coating of either TiAl nitride or TiAl carbonitride to which a nitride-forming element is added, or a pinion cutter coated with at least one material in a multi-layer coating is used.

Here, as the nitride forming elements, Zr (zirconium), Hf (hafnium), Y (yttrium), V (vanadium), Nb (niobium), Ta (tantalum), Si (silicon), Cr (silicon) Chrome), Mo (molybdenum),
W (tungsten), B (boron), Mg (magnesium), Ca (calcium) and Be (beryllium) are applied.

That is, when the nitride-forming element is M,
To (Ti_zAl_xM_(1-zx))_(1-w)(N _yC_(1-y))_wPair of
(However, 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9, 0.2 ≦ y ≦ 1.0, 0.1 ≦
z ≦ 0.8, 0.7 ≦ (z + x) <1.0, 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55
At least one layer is applied to the shaving cutter 21.
Use what you have. The coating of the film is
At least the tooth surface 23 of the shaving cutter 21 (FIG. 17)
Reference).

Further, (Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y
C _(1-y) ) By defining the range of x in _w to be 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9 and defining the range of y to be 0.2 ≦ y ≦ 1.0, the range of z is the range of 1 minus x. (Z =
1-x). For this reason, TiAl and NC have the same composition range as in the above case where the nitride-forming element M is not added, and FIG.
20 to provide substantially the same effect as the result of FIG. By adding the nitride forming element M, the nitride forming element M becomes T
A good quality nitride can be formed that can be replaced with i and Al.

Hereinafter, the case where V (vanadium), B (boron) and Zr (zirconium) are applied as typical elements of the nitride forming element M will be specifically described with reference to FIGS. 21 to 23. FIG. 21 shows the condition of the surface roughness when V and B are slightly added. FIG. 22 shows the results of V, B and Zr.
The situation of the surface roughness when more is added is shown.

Here, the shaving cutter 21 has a rotation speed of 200 rpm, a number of teeth of 73, an outer diameter of 200 mm, and an intersection angle of 15 degrees. The workpiece has a material of SCr420, a module m of 2.75, a number of teeth of 37, a tooth width of 13 mm, and a twist angle of 20 degrees. In addition, the number of processed workpieces is 100. In the figure, the surface roughness (μ
m) is the worst value (μmR _max ) of all the plunge-shaved workpieces.

As shown in FIG. 21, (Ti _z Al _x M
_(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w , (Ti _0.795 Al
_0.2 V _0.005 ) N, (Ti _0.15 Al _0.845 V _0.005 ) N, (Ti _0.5 Al _0.45
B _0.05) (if coated with N _{0. 9} C _0.1) thickness 1.7 at least one layer of the film composition to the shaving cutter 21 [mu] m, the surface roughness of the tooth surfaces of the workpiece in 3~4μmR _max, practicable Surface roughness is obtained. Therefore, even when the nitride forming elements V and B are slightly added, the same surface roughness can be obtained as when no nitride forming element is added. As described above, finish cutting can be realized in a state of obtaining a practical surface roughness by dry cutting as well as wet cutting.

As shown in FIG. 22, (Ti _z Al _x M
_(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w , (Ti _0.5 Al
_0.4 V _0.1 ) N, (Ti _0.6 Al _0.2 B _0.2 ) N, (Ti _0.4 Al _0.3 V _0.3 ) (N
_At least one layer having a composition of _0.7 C _0.3 ) and (Ti _0.4 Al _0.3 Zr _0.3 ) (N _0.5 C _0.5 ) is formed with a shaving cutter 2 having a thickness of 1.7 μm.
When coated on 1, the surface roughness of the tooth surface of the work is 3
A practically usable surface roughness is obtained at ４4 μmR _max . Therefore, even when V, B, and Zr, which are nitride-forming elements, are added more than in FIG. 21, the same surface roughness can be obtained as when no nitride-forming element is added. As described above, finish cutting can be realized in a state of obtaining a practical surface roughness by dry cutting as well as wet cutting.

If the amount of the added nitride-forming element exceeds 0.3 as compared with the composition of the TiAl-added element, the film is liable to peel off. Therefore, the amount of the added nitride-forming element depends on the composition of the TiAl-added element. Is preferably 0.3 or less. If the amount of the nitride-forming element exceeds 0.3 (z + x is less than 0.7) as compared with the composition of the TiAl-added element, that is, if the proportion of the nitride-forming element M is too large, the basic characteristics of TiAl are impaired and peeling occurs. Will occur.

Next, the case where the ratio of the metal element (TiAl, the nitride forming element to be added) and the nonmetal element (N) containing C is changed will be specifically described with reference to FIG. FIG. 23 shows the relationship between the cutting speed and the flank wear when the composition ratio of the metal element and the nonmetal element including C 2 is changed between 0.45 and 0.55. The processing conditions are the same as those shown in FIGS. 21 and 22.

As shown in FIG. 23, (Ti _z Al _x M
_(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w , (Ti _0.5 Al
_0.4 V _0.1 ) _0.45 N _0.55 and (Ti _0.5 Al _0.4 V _0.1 ) _0.55 N _{0.45 When} at least one layer is coated on the shaving cutter 1 with a film thickness of 1.7 μm, when there is a large amount of metal elements, the surface roughness of the tooth surfaces of the workpiece in any of the case where the metal element is larger than 2.5 ~3μmR _max, practical surface roughness is obtained. For this reason, in both cases where there are many metal elements and where there are many non-metal elements including C 2, finish cutting can be realized in a state where practical surface roughness can be obtained by wet cut and dry cut as well. Here, w is set to 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55 because w is set to 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55.
If the value is out of the range of w ≦ 0.55, the film may be peeled off or the abrasion resistance of the film may be reduced.

Incidentally, usually, (Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) and (N _y
The ratio of C _(1-y) ) _w is assumed to be 1: 1. However, the ratio of nonmetallic elements including N and C to the metal elements Ti and Al and the added nitride-forming element is increased. There is no problem even if it is small. When the amount of nonmetallic elements including N and C is increased, solid solution strengthening can be expected.

As described above, even if a film containing V, B and Zr added as a nitride-forming element M is coated and dry-cut, a practically usable surface roughness is obtained.
, B and Zr, the same wet cut and finish cutting as in the case of not adding Br and Zr can be realized, and shaving can be performed with high efficiency and at low cost. It should be noted that even if a film to which an element other than V, B, and Zr is added as the nitride-forming element M is coated and dry-cut, V, B, and Zr
High efficiency and low cost processing can be realized as in the case of adding.

During the dry cutting by the shaving cutter 21, chips generated in the cutting portion are removed by blowing air to the cutting portion. That is, in the conventional method of applying a cutting fluid, the generated chips are washed away with the cutting fluid, and the work of the chips and the shaving cutter 21 in the cutting section are removed.
Although there is no biting between them, unless you apply cutting oil,
The work may be damaged due to biting. If air is supplied to the cutting portion during the dry cutting process as in the present embodiment, chips generated in the cutting portion are blown off and removed, so that chips do not bite.
It should be noted that when a small amount of cutting oil is put into air and mist-shaped and blown to the cutting portion, almost the same effect as in dry cutting can be obtained.

Bevel teeth using a spiral bevel gear cutter
A method of machining a gear for creating a car will be described with reference to FIGS.
Will be described. FIG. 24 shows a method for processing a bevel gear.
Outside of annular milling as spiral bevel gear cutter
View, FIG. 25 shows (Ti_(1-x)Al _x) Material consisting of N
The relationship between the value of x and the flank wear, FIG. 26 shows the flank wear
27 and FIG. 28 show the relationship between Ti (N_uC
_(1-u)Flank surface when an underlayer consisting of
The relationship between wear and cutting speed is shown.

As shown in FIG. 24, an annular milling machine 31 for forming a bevel gear is formed by annularly attaching a large number of blade members 33 made of high-speed tool steel to an outer peripheral portion of a disk-shaped main body 32. When a tooth profile is created on the work by the annular milling machine 31, the annular milling machine 31 is revolved and rotated, and the work is rotated. The circular milling cutter 31 revolves around the center of the machine together with the virtual crown gear while rotating, and the tooth surface of the virtual crown gear is drawn by the cutting edge of the blade material 33 of the circular milling cutter 31. The work is rotated so as to mesh with the tooth surface to create a tooth surface on the work. During cutting, dry cutting is performed without supplying cutting fluid. In the dry-cut processing, no cutting oil is used, so that there is no generation of stains and unusual odors on the floor, and no waste oil treatment is required. Therefore, it is suitable for improving the working environment and the global environment.

As the blade material 33 of the annular milling cutter 31, a blade material 33 made of high-speed steel (high-speed steel) coated with TiAl nitride or TiAl carbonitride is used. In order to increase the adhesion of the TiAl nitride or TiAl carbonitride coating layer, Ti carbonitride or Ti nitride is provided as an underlayer.
The nitride of TiAl or the carbonitride of TiAl to be coated on the blade material 33 may be a single-layer coated one or a multi-layer coated one coated with any material.

[0130] By coating the blade material 31 with TiAl nitride and TiAl carbonitride, the temperature of Al in the coating film rises due to the cutting heat, and as a result, it is oxidized by the atmosphere and adheres to the surface of the coating film. An oxide film having high wear resistance is formed, and the blade material 33 is hardly worn. Further, the oxide film has an effect of preventing oxidation inside the film, and can keep the adhesion of the coating film strong.

Then, substantially (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C
_(1-y) ) (where 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.85, 0.2 ≦ y ≦
(Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) and (N _y C _(1-y) ) in the 1.0) film
Is (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) :( N _y C _(1-y) ) = 1.1: 0.
From 9 it is between (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) :( N _y C _(1-y) ) = 0.9: 1.1. That is, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _(1-w) (N _y C
_(1-y) ) _w in w is 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55.

Usually, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) and (N _y C _(1-y) )
Is assumed to be 1: 1.
There is no problem even if NC is contained abundantly to strengthen solid solution.

A method for processing a bevel gear using the above-described annular milling machine 31 will be described. As the blade material 33 of the annular milling cutter 31, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C
_(1-y) ) A film having a composition of 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.85 0.2 ≦ y ≦ 1.0, for example, a material having a composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N having a thickness of 5 μm, which is formed as a _single or multilayer coating. Cutting is performed using a blade material 33 made of speed steel (SKH55) without supplying a cutting oil (dry cutting).

The main body 32 of the annular milling machine 31 is 6 inches, and the blade material 33 has a point width of 0.06 inches, a pressure angle of 10 to 20 degrees, and a right direction. Also,
Work, a material is carbon steel (hardness H _B 280) or material is carburized steel (hardness H _B 0.99), the processing number is 300.

As shown in FIGS. 25 and 26, when the value of x is 0.
The blade material 23 coated with (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N having a composition in the range of 2 ≦ x ≦ 0.85 has a cutting speed of 40 m / mi.
At, 120m / min, 200m / min, and 400m / min, the flank wear is within the practical limit (0.2mm), making it practical. In addition, the composition (Ti _0.5 Al _0.5 ) (N
_y C _(1-y)) blade member 33 coated with the cutting speed is also reached 400 meters / min below the practical limit (0.2 mm), it becomes practically possible is confirmed. Regarding crater wear, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) of a composition in which the value of x is in the range of 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.85 and the value of y is in the range of 0.2 ≦ y ≦ 1.0
(N _y C _(1-y) ) coated blade material 33
It has been confirmed that even if the cutting speed reaches 400 m / min, it is below the practical limit and can be used practically.

Accordingly, a high-speed steel made by coating a film having a composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.85 0.2 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 When the cutting speed is 400 m / min or less with the annular milling machine 31 in which the blade member 33 is attached to the main body 32, the gear cutting can be performed with high efficiency and low cost.

On the other hand, (Ti _(1-x) Al
_x ) Between the coating layer composed of N and the base material,
To enhance the adhesion of the coating layer, Ti (N _u C
_An underlayer made of the composition _(1-u) ) is provided. The relationship between the flank wear and the cutting speed when the value of u of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) of the underlayer is changed will be described with reference to FIGS. 27 and 28. Note that (Ti _(1-x) A in FIGS. 27 and 28
l _x ) The coating layer composed of N 2 is, for example, (Ti
_A coating layer having a composition of _0.6 Al _0.4 ) N is used.

When the material of the work is carbon steel (hardness H _B 250), as shown in FIG. 27, Ti (N
_The blade material 33 provided with _u C _(1-u) ) as an underlayer
When the cutting speed exceeded 400m / min, the flank wear exceeded the practical limit (0.2mm) and peeled off. However, Ti ( _{NuC (1-u)} ) with a composition of 0.7 and 1.0 was applied to the underlayer. Even if the cutting speed exceeds 450 m / min and reaches 450 m / min, the flank wear is below the practical limit (0.2 mm), and the blade material 33 provided as above is practically usable.

When the material of the work is carburized steel (hardness H _B 130), as shown in FIG. 28, u is 0.2, 0.7 and 1.
The blade material 33 provided with Ti ( _{NuC (1-u)} ) having a composition of 0 as an underlayer has a practical limit of flank wear (0.2 mm) even when the cutting speed exceeds 450 m / min and reaches 450 m / min. ) And becomes practical.

As described above, by providing Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) having a composition in which the value of u is in the range of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0 as the underlayer, the peeling of the coating film from the base material occurs. Without this, dry cutting without using cutting oil becomes practical. Furthermore, even if the cutting speed is increased to 450 m / min by providing Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) having a composition in which the value of u is in the range of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0 as the underlayer, even if the cutting speed is increased to 450 m / min, Dry cut can be made practical without peeling of the coating film.

The blade material 33 is coated with a film having a composition of (Ti _0.6 Al _0.4 ) N. In order to increase the adhesion of the coating layer, substantially, Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) Provide a layer with a composition of 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 and cut at a cutting speed of 450 m / min or less, so that the coating film does not peel off from the base material and dry cutting can be performed. It becomes practical. For this reason, dry cutting that does not use a cutting oil and does not cause peeling of the coating film from the base material even under severe conditions where high cutting speed, high hardness workpieces, or many workpieces are cut It becomes possible under typical conditions.

The coating layer used in the above case has a composition of (Ti _0.6 Al _0.4 ) N. However, when the value of x is 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.85 and the value of y is 0.2 ≦ y ≦ 1.0. By using the composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) within the range, the value of u can be changed to Ti of the composition in the range of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0.
When (N _u C _(1-u) ) is provided as the underlayer, substantially the same results as in FIGS. 27 and 28 can be obtained. The thickness of the coating layer is preferably 0.5 μm or more and 10 μm or less, and may be a single layer or a multilayer.

Next, another example of the film coated on the blade material 33 will be described. A blade material 33 coated with a TiAl nitride and a TiAl carbonitride to which a nitride-forming element capable of forming a high-quality nitride is added is used.
For the blade material 33, a single-layer coating of any of TiAl nitride or TiAl carbonitride to which a nitride-forming element is added, and a multi-layer coating coated with any one of the materials are used. .

Here, as the nitride forming elements, Zr (zirconium), Hf (hafnium), Y (yttrium), V (vanadium), Nb (niobium), Ta (tantalum), Si (silicon), Cr (silicon) Chrome), Mo (molybdenum),
W (tungsten), B (boron), Mg (magnesium), Ca (calcium) and Be (beryllium) are applied.

That is, when the nitride forming element is M,
To (Ti_zAl_xM_(1-zx))_(1-w)(N _yC_(1-y))_wPair of
(However, 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.85, 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0, 0.15 ≤
z ≦ 0.8, 0.7 ≦ (z + x) <1.0, 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.5
5) At least one layer of the film is applied to the blade material 33.
Use of

Further, (Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y
C _(1-y) ) By defining the range of x in _w to be 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.85 and defining the range of y to be 0.2 ≦ y ≦ 1.0, the range of z is the range of 1 minus x. (Z =
1-x). For this reason, TiAl, NC has the same composition range as in the above-described case where the nitride-forming element M is not added.
The same effect as the result of FIG. 28 can be obtained. By adding the nitride forming element M, the nitride forming element M becomes Ti
A high-quality nitride can be formed that can be replaced with Al.

Hereinafter, the case where V (vanadium), B (boron) and Zr (zirconium) are applied as representative elements of the nitride forming element M will be specifically described with reference to FIGS. 29 to 31. FIG. 29 shows the relationship between cutting speed and flank wear when V and B are slightly added, and FIG.
29 shows the relationship between the cutting speed and the flank wear when more B and Zr are added than in FIG.

Here, the blade material 33 has a point width P of 0.06 inches, a pressure angle S of 10 to 20 degrees, and a rightward direction. The body 32 of the annular milling machine 31 is 6 inches, the work is made of SCM435, and the number of processes is 300.

As shown in FIG. 29, (Ti _z Al _x M
_(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w , (Ti _0.795 Al
_0.2 V _0.005 ) N, (Ti _0.15 Al _0.845 V _0.005 ) N, (Ti _0.5 Al _0.45
B _0.05) (N if at least one layer of the film of the composition of _{0. 9} C _0.1) was coated on the blade material 33, the amount of flank wear in the following vicinity cutting speed 400 meters / min is less than practical wear limit (0.20 mm) Tool It is within the amount of wear. Therefore, even when the nitride forming elements V and B are slightly added,
The same high-efficiency and low-cost processing as when no nitride-forming element is added can be realized. Although not shown in the figure, it has been confirmed that the crater wear is small.

As shown in FIG. 30, (Ti _z Al _x M
_(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w , (Ti _0.5 Al
_0.4 V _0.1 ) N, (Ti _0.6 Al _0.2 B _0.2 ) N, (Ti _0.4 Al _0.3 V _0.3 ) (N
_When at least one film of the composition of ( _0.7 C _0.3 ), (Ti _0.4 Al _0.3 Zr _0.3 ) (N _0.5 C _0.5 ) is coated on the blade material 33, the flank wear amount becomes practical wear at a cutting speed of about 400 m / min or less. The tool wear is less than the limit (0.20mm). Therefore, even when V, B, and Zr, which are nitride-forming elements, are added more than in FIG. 29, the same high-efficiency and low-cost processing as when no nitride-forming element is added can be realized. Although not shown in the figure, it has been confirmed that the crater wear is small.

If the amount of the nitride-forming element to be added exceeds 0.3 in the composition ratio as compared with the composition of the TiAl-added element, the film is liable to peel off. 0.3 or less is preferable compared to the composition of the element. If the amount of the nitride-forming element exceeds 0.3 (z + x is less than 0.7) as compared with the composition of the TiAl-added element, that is, if the proportion of the nitride-forming element M is too large, the basic characteristics of TiAl are impaired and peeling occurs. Will occur.

Next, the case where the ratio of the metal element (Ti, Al, the added nitride forming element) and the nonmetal element (N) containing C is changed will be specifically described with reference to FIG. FIG. 31 shows the relationship between the cutting speed and the flank wear when the composition ratio of the metal element and the nonmetal element including C is changed between 0.45 and 0.55. The processing conditions are the same as those shown in FIGS. 29 and 30. The coating film is a single layer and the film thickness is
1.7 μm.

As shown in FIG. 31, (Ti _z Al _x M
_(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w , (Ti _0.5 Al
_0.4 V _0.1 ) _0.45 N _0.55 and (Ti _0.5 Al _0.4 V _0.1 ) _0.55 N _{0.45 When} at least one layer is coated on the blade material 33, when there are many metal elements or when there are many non-metal elements including C Cutting speed 400m / m
The flank wear amount is less than the practical wear limit (0.20 mm) in the flank wear range below in, and high efficiency and low cost machining can be realized. Although not shown in the figure, it has been confirmed that the crater wear is small. Here, w is set to 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55 because w is
If the ratio is out of the range of 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55, the film may be peeled off or the abrasion resistance of the film may be reduced.

Incidentally, (Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) and (N _y
The ratio of C _(1-y) ) _w is assumed to be 1: 1. However, the ratio of non-metallic elements including C to the metal elements Ti, Al and the added nitride-forming element is increased or decreased. There is no problem. Solid solution strengthening can be expected by increasing the amount of nonmetallic elements including C.

As described above, even when a film containing V, B, and Zr added as a nitride-forming element M is coated and dry-cut, the wear amount falls within the practical wear limit, and V, B, and Zr The same high-efficiency and low-cost processing as in the case where no is added can be realized. Incidentally, as the nitride forming element M,
Even when coating with a film to which elements other than V, B and Zr are added and performing dry cutting, high-efficiency and low-cost processing can be realized as in the case where V, B and Zr are added. Incidentally, even if a film containing an element other than V, B and Zr as the nitride-forming element M is coated and dry-cut,
As in the case where V, B and Zr are added, high efficiency and low cost processing can be realized.

In the gear machining method using the annular milling cutter 31 to which the blade member 33 is attached, the cutting can be performed while blowing air to the cutting portion. By performing cutting by the annular milling tool 31 while blowing air to the cutting portion, chips generated by the cutting can be blown off from the cutting portion and removed.
It is also possible to mix a small amount of cutting oil into the air and spray it in a mist. By performing the processing of the gear by blowing air, it is possible to realize the creation of the tooth profile at high efficiency and at low cost without causing the chip to be caught.

A processing method for performing cutting using an end mill will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 32 shows a side view of an end mill for performing a cutting method, and FIG. 33 shows a relationship between the value of x of a material having a composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N and flank wear. 34 and 35 show Ti
The relationship between the flank wear and the cutting speed when an underlayer having a composition of (N _u C _(1-u) ) is provided is shown.

As shown in FIG. 32, the end mill 41 is made of high-speed steel (high-speed steel).
Alternatively, a TiAl carbonitride coated in a single layer and a multilayer coated with any one of the materials in a single layer are used. In order to increase the adhesion of the TiAl nitride or TiAl carbonitride coating layer, Ti carbonitride or Ti nitride is provided as an underlayer. Since the end mill 41 is made of high-speed steel, the cost can be reduced at a low cost.

By coating the cutting edge 42 of the end mill 41 with TiAl nitride and TiAl carbonitride, the temperature of Al in the coating film increases due to the cutting heat, and as a result, the coating film is oxidized by the atmosphere to be oxidized by the atmosphere. An oxide film with high wear resistance is formed on the surface of the cutting edge 42, and the cutting blade 42 is hardly worn. Further, the oxide film has an effect of preventing oxidation inside the film, and can keep the adhesion of the coating film strong.

A processing method for performing cutting using the above-described end mill 41 will be described. In effect, (Ti _(1-x) A
l _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9 0.5 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 For example, a film having a composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N is formed to a thickness of 5 μm. Using an end mill 41 made of high-speed steel (SKH55) coated with one or more layers, cutting is performed without supplying a cutting oil (dry cutting). In the dry-cut processing, no cutting oil is used, so that there is no generation of stains and unusual odors on the floor, and no waste oil treatment is required.
Therefore, it is suitable for improving the working environment and the global environment.

Then, substantially (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C
_(1-y) ) (where 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9, 0.5 ≦ y ≦
(Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) and (N _y C _(1-y) ) in the 1.0) film
Is (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) :( N _y C _(1-y) ) = 1.1: 0.
From 9 it is between (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) :( N _y C _(1-y) ) = 0.9: 1.1. That is, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _(1-w) (N _y C
_(1-y) ) _w in w is 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55.

Usually, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) and (N _y C _(1-y) )
Is assumed to be 1: 1.
There is no problem even if NC is contained abundantly to strengthen solid solution.

The end mill 41 is a two-blade ball end mill having a diameter of 35 mm. Work, the material is a carbon steel (hardness H _B 350) and carbon steel (hardness H _B 130), the cutting conditions, feed is 0.2 mm / rev blade, cutting depth 3 mm. The total cutting length (length in the feed direction of the end mill) is 25m
It is.

As shown in FIG. 33, if the coating film of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N is in the range of 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9, it is below the practical wear limit at the cutting speed of 500 m / min or less. The flank wear is reduced to practical use. Also, if the value of y is 0.5
(Ti _0.5 Al _0.5 ) (N _y C
It has been confirmed that the end mill 41 coated with _(1-y) ) has flank wear below the practical wear limit at a cutting speed of 500 m / min or less, and is practically usable.

As described above, when the value of x is 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9, y
(Ti _(1-x) Al of a composition with a value of 0.5 ≦ y ≦ 1.0
_x ) End mill 41 coated with (N _y C _(1-y) )
When cutting is performed by dry cutting, high efficiency and low cost cutting can be realized.

On the other hand, (Ti _(1-x) Al
_x ) Between the coating layer composed of N and the base material,
To enhance the adhesion of the coating layer, Ti (N _u C
_An underlayer made of the composition _(1-u) ) is provided. The relationship between the flank wear and the cutting speed when the value of u of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) of the underlayer is changed will be described with reference to FIGS. 34 and 35. Note that (Ti _(1-x) A in FIGS. 34 and 35
l _x ) The coating layer composed of N 2 is, for example, (Ti
_A coating layer having a composition of _0.6 Al _0.4 ) N is used.

When the material of the work is carbon steel (hardness H _B 130), as shown in FIG. 34, Ti (N
_The end mill 41 provided with _u C _(1-u) ) as an underlayer
When the cutting speed exceeds 500m / min, the flank wear exceeds the practical limit (0.2mm) and peeling occurred, but u was 0.3, 0.7 and
The end mill 41 provided with Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) having a composition of 1.0 as a base layer has a cutting speed of over 500 m / min and 600 m / min.
, The flank wear is below the practical limit (0.2mm), making it practical.

In the case where the material of the work is carbon steel (hardness H _B 350), as shown in FIG. 35, Ti (N
_The end mill 41 provided with _u C _(1-u) ) as an underlayer
Even at a low cutting speed, the flank wear exceeds the practical limit (0.2 mm), causing minute peeling. The end mill 41 provided with Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) having a composition of u of 0.3, 0.7 and 1.0 as an underlayer has a flank wear even when the cutting speed exceeds 500 m / min and reaches 600 m / min. It is below the practical limit (0.2mm) and becomes practical.

As described above, by providing Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) having a composition in which the value of u is in the range of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0 as an underlayer, peeling of the coating film from the base material occurs. Without this, dry cutting without using cutting oil becomes practical. Furthermore, by providing Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) having a composition in which the value of u is in the range of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0 as a base layer, even if the cutting speed is increased to 600 m / min, the Dry cut can be made practical without peeling of the coating film.

The end mill 41 is coated with a film having a composition of (Ti _0.6 Al _0.4 ) N. In order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer, substantially, Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) By providing a layer with a composition of 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 and cutting at a cutting speed of 600 m / min or less, the coating film does not peel off from the base material and dry cutting can be performed. It becomes practical. For this reason, dry cutting that does not use a cutting oil and does not cause peeling of the coating film from the base material even under severe conditions where high cutting speed, high hardness workpieces, or many workpieces are cut It becomes possible under typical conditions.

Incidentally, the composition of (Ti _0.6 Al _0.4 ) N is used as the coating layer in the case described above, but the value of x is 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9 and the value of y is 0.5 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 By using the composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) in the range of the above, the value of u is in the range of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0.
When Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) is provided as the underlayer, FIG.
A result similar to that of FIG. 35 is obtained. The thickness of the coating layer is preferably 0.5 μm or more and 10 μm or less, and may be a single layer or a multilayer.

Next, another example of a film coated on the cutting blade 42 of the end mill 41 will be described. The cutting edge 42 of the end mill 41 is coated with a TiAl nitride or a TiAl carbonitride to which a nitride-forming element capable of forming a high-quality nitride is added. For the cutting edge 42, a single-layer coating of any of TiAl nitride or TiAl carbonitride to which a nitride-forming element is added, and a multi-layer coating coated with at least one material are used. .

Here, as the nitride forming elements, Zr (zirconium), Hf (hafnium), Y (yttrium), V (vanadium), Nb (niobium), Ta (tantalum), Si (silicon), Cr (silicon) Chrome), Mo (molybdenum),
W (tungsten), B (boron), Mg (magnesium), Ca (calcium) and Be (beryllium) are applied.

That is, when the nitride-forming element is M,
To (Ti_zAl_xM_(1-zx))_(1-w)(N _yC_(1-y))_wPair of
(However, 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9, 0.5 ≦ y ≦ 1.0, 0.1 ≦
z ≦ 0.8, 0.7 ≦ (z + x) <1.0, 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.5
5) At least one layer of the film is applied to the cutting blade 42.
Use it.

Further, (Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y
C _(1-y) ) By defining the range of x in _w to be 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9 and defining the range of y to be 0.5 ≦ y ≦ 1.0, the range of z is the range obtained by subtracting x from 1 to x. (Z =
1-x). For this reason, TiAl, NC has the same composition range as in the above-described case where the nitride-forming element M is not added.
35 to provide substantially the same effect as the result of FIG. By adding the nitride forming element M, the nitride forming element M becomes Ti
A high-quality nitride can be formed that can be replaced with Al.

The case where V (vanadium), B (boron) and Zr (zirconium) are applied as typical elements of the nitride forming element M will be specifically described below with reference to FIGS. 36 to 38. FIG. 36 shows the relationship between the cutting speed and flank wear when V and B are slightly added, and FIG.
36 shows the relationship between the cutting speed and the flank wear when B and Zr are added more than in FIG.

Here, the material of the work is S35C (altitude: H
_B 170), and the cutting conditions are a feed of 0.2 mm / rev blade, a pick feed of 0.5 mm, and a cutting depth of 3 mm. The total cutting length (length in the feed direction of the end mill) is 25 m. Also,
The end mill 41 is a two-blade ball end mill having a diameter of 10 mm, and the material of the ball end mill is SKH55.

As shown in FIG. 36, (Ti _z Al _x M
_(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w , (Ti _0.795 Al
_0.2 V _0.005 ) N, (Ti _0.15 Al _0.845 V _0.005 ) N, (Ti _0.5 Al _{0.45
B 0.05) (N 0. 9 C} 0.1) cutting edge 4 at least one layer of the film of the composition of
In the case of coating No. 2, the flank wear was less than the practical wear limit (0.20 mm) at a cutting speed of around 500 m / min or less. Therefore, even when the nitride forming elements V and B are slightly added, the same high-efficiency and low-cost processing as in the case where the nitride forming elements are not added can be realized. Although not shown in the figure, it has been confirmed that the crater wear is small.

As shown in FIG. 37, (Ti _z Al _x M
_(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w , (Ti _0.5 Al
_0.4 V _0.1 ) N, (Ti _0.6 Al _0.2 B _0.2 ) N, (Ti _0.4 Al _0.3 V _0.3 ) (N
_When at least one layer of the composition of ( _0.7 C _0.3 ), (Ti _0.4 Al _0.3 Zr _0.3 ) (N _0.5 C _0.5 ) is coated on the cutting edge 42, the flank wear amount becomes practical wear at a cutting speed of around 500 m / min or less. The tool wear is less than the limit (0.20mm). Therefore, even when V, B, and Zr, which are the nitride-forming elements, are added more than in FIG. 36, the same high-efficiency and low-cost processing as when no nitride-forming element is added can be realized. Although not shown in the figure, it has been confirmed that the crater wear is small.

If the amount of the nitride-forming element to be added exceeds 0.3 in the composition ratio as compared with the composition of the TiAl-added element, the film is likely to be peeled off. 0.3 or less is preferable compared to the composition of the element. If the amount of the nitride-forming element exceeds 0.3 (z + x is less than 0.7) as compared with the composition of the TiAl-added element, that is, if the proportion of the nitride-forming element M is too large, the basic characteristics of TiAl are impaired and peeling occurs. Will occur.

Next, the case where the ratio of the metal element (Ti, Al, the nitride forming element to be added) and the non-metal element (N) containing C is changed will be specifically described with reference to FIG. FIG. 38 shows the relationship between the cutting speed and the flank wear when the composition ratio of the metal element and the non-metal element including C is changed between 0.45 and 0.55. The processing conditions are the same as those shown in FIGS. 36 and 37. The coating film is a single layer and the film thickness is
1.7 μm.

As shown in FIG. 38, (Ti _z Al _x M
_(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w , (Ti _0.5 Al
_0.4 V _0.1 ) _0.45 N _0.55 and (Ti _0.5 Al _0.4 V _0.1 ) _0.55 N _0.45
Coating, metal element rich or
In all cases where the amount of nonmetallic elements including C is large, the flank wear is less than the practical wear limit (0.20 mm) at cutting speeds of around 500 m / min or less, and high-efficiency low-cost machining can be realized. Although not shown in the figure, it has been confirmed that the crater wear is small. Here, the reason why w is set to 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55 is that if w is out of the range of 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55, the film may be peeled off or the wear resistance of the film may be reduced.

Incidentally, (Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) and (N _y
The ratio of C _(1-y) ) _w is assumed to be 1: 1. However, the ratio of non-metallic elements including C to the metal elements Ti, Al and the added nitride-forming element is increased or decreased. There is no problem. Solid solution strengthening can be expected by increasing the amount of nonmetallic elements including C.

As described above, even when a film to which V, B and Zr are added as a nitride-forming element M is coated and dry-cut, the wear amount is within the practical wear limit, and V, B and Zr The same high-efficiency and low-cost processing as in the case where no is added can be realized. Incidentally, as the nitride forming element M,
Even when coating with a film to which elements other than V, B and Zr are added and performing dry cutting, high-efficiency and low-cost processing can be realized as in the case where V, B and Zr are added.

In the above-described cutting method using the end mill 41, the cutting can be performed while blowing air to the cutting portion. By performing cutting by the end mill 41 while blowing air to the cutting portion, chips generated by the cutting can be blown off from the cutting portion and removed. It is also possible to mix a small amount of cutting oil into the air and spray it in a mist. By performing the machining of the gears by blowing air, cutting can be realized at high efficiency and at low cost without causing chips to bite.

A processing method for making a hole using a drill will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 39 shows a side view of a drill for performing a processing method for performing a drilling process.
FIG. 40 shows x of the material having the composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N.
41 and FIG. 42 show the relationship between Ti (N _u
The relationship between the value of u of the underlayer having the composition of C _(1-u) ) and the flank wear is shown.

As shown in FIG. 39, the drill 51 is provided with a shank portion 52 fixedly supported on a tool spindle of a drilling machine (not shown), and a torsion groove-shaped cutting blade portion 53 is provided at the tip of the shank portion 52. ing. A cutting edge 53 is provided at the tip of the cutting blade 53. A shank portion 52 is attached to a tool spindle of a drilling machine, and a drilling process is performed on a work (not shown) by a cutting edge portion 54 and a cutting edge portion 53 by driving rotation of a drill 51. During drilling, cutting is performed by dry cutting without supplying cutting fluid. In the dry-cut processing, no cutting oil is used, so that there is no generation of stains and unusual odors on the floor, and no waste oil treatment is required. Therefore, it is suitable for improving the working environment and the global environment.

As the drill 51, a drill 51 made of high-speed steel (high-speed steel) coated with TiAl nitride or TiAl carbonitride is used. In order to increase the adhesion of the TiAl nitride or TiAl carbonitride coating layer, Ti carbonitride or Ti nitride is provided as an underlayer. The nitride of TiAl or the carbonitride of TiAl to be coated on the drill 51 may be a single-layer coated one or a multi-layer coated one coated with any material. Since the drill 51 is made of high-speed steel, the cost can be reduced at low cost.

As the drill 51, a high-speed tool steel drill is coated with TiAl nitride and TiAl carbonitride, whereby the Al in the coating film increases in temperature due to the cutting heat, and as a result, is oxidized by the atmosphere. The oxide film having high wear resistance is formed on the surface of the coating film by the drill 51.
Is less likely to wear. Further, the oxide film has an effect of preventing oxidation inside the film, and can keep the adhesion of the coating film strong.

A method for drilling using the above-described drill 51 will be described. As the drill 51, substantially (T
i _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) 0.3 ≦ x ≦ 0.8 0.6 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 For example, a film having a composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N Cutting is performed without supplying a cutting oil (dry cutting) using a drill 51 made of high-speed steel (SKH55) in which a material having a thickness of 5 μm is coated as a single layer or a multilayer.

Then, substantially (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C
_(1-y) ) (where 0.3 ≦ x ≦ 0.8, 0.6 ≦ y ≦
(Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) and (N _y C _(1-y) ) in the 1.0) film
Is (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) :( N _y C _(1-y) ) = 1.1: 0.
From 9 it is between (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) :( N _y C _(1-y) ) = 0.9: 1.1. That is, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _(1-w) (N _y C
_(1-y) ) _w in w is 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55.

Usually, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) and (N _y C _(1-y) )
Is assumed to be 1: 1.
There is no problem even if NC is contained abundantly to strengthen solid solution.

[0193] Drill 51 is 30mm in diameter, the workpiece, the material is a carbon steel (hardness H _B 350) or carburized steel (hardness H _B 130), the cutting conditions, feed 0.2 mm / rev,
The hole had a depth of 30 mm and penetrated the work. The total number of holes
With 100 holes, the flank wear after machining 100 holes was examined to see if it was below the practical wear limit of 0.2 mm.

As shown in FIG. 40, if the coating film of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N is in the range of 0.3 ≦ x ≦ 0.8, it is below the practical wear limit at the cutting speed of 150 m / min or less. The flank wear is reduced to practical use. Also, if the value of y is 0.6
(Ti _0.5 Al _0.5 ) (N _y C
_The drill 51 coated with _(1-y) ) has a cutting speed of 15
It has been confirmed that the flank wear is reduced below the practical wear limit at a cutting speed of 0 m / min or less, and the material can be used practically.

Accordingly, a high-speed steel made by coating a film having a composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) 0.3 ≦ x ≦ 0.8 0.6 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 Drill 51
If drilling (dry cutting) is performed without supplying a cutting fluid, highly efficient and low-cost drilling can be realized.

On the other hand, the drill 51 has (Ti _(1-x) Al _x )
Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) between the coating layer composed of N and the base material to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer
Is provided. Ti (N
The state of flank wear when the value of u of _u C _(1-u) ) is changed will be described with reference to FIGS. 41 and 42. FIG.
1. As the coating layer composed of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N in FIG. 42, for example, a coating layer composed of (Ti _0.6 Al _0.4 ) N is used.

When the material of the work is carburized steel (hardness H _B 130), as shown in FIG. 41, Ti (N
_In the drill 51 provided with uC _(1-u) ) as a base layer, the flank wear exceeded the practical limit (0.2 mm) at a cutting speed of 200 m / min, and peeling occurred. Ti (N) having a composition of u of 0.3, 0.7 and 1.0
_The drill 51 provided with _u C _(1-u) ) as the underlayer has a practical limit of flank wear at a cutting speed of 200 m / min or less (0.2 mm).
Below, it becomes practical.

When the material of the work is carbon steel (hardness H _B 350), as shown in FIG. 42, Ti (N
_In the drill 51 provided with uC _(1-u) ) as a base layer, the flank wear exceeded the practical limit (0.2 mm) at a cutting speed of 200 m / min, and peeling occurred. Ti (N) having a composition of u of 0.3, 0.7 and 1.0
_The drill 51 provided with _u C _(1-u) ) as the underlayer has a practical limit of flank wear at a cutting speed of 200 m / min or less (0.2 mm).
Below, it becomes practical.

As described above, by providing Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) having a composition in which the value of u is in the range of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0 as the underlayer, the coating film is separated from the base material. Without this, dry cutting without using cutting oil becomes practical. Furthermore, even if the cutting speed is increased to 200 m / min by providing Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) having a composition in which the value of u is in the range of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0 Drilling by dry cutting becomes practical without peeling of the coating film.

The drill 51 is coated with a film having a composition of (Ti _0.6 Al _0.4 ) N. In order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer, substantially, Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) Provide a layer with the composition of 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 and drill at a cutting speed of 200 m / min or less, so that the coating film does not peel from the base material, Drilling becomes practical. For this reason, even under severe conditions such as high cutting speed and high hardness work, or drilling a large number of work, without peeling of the coating film from the base material,
Drilling by dry cutting without using a cutting fluid is possible under practical conditions.

In the above-mentioned case, the composition of (Ti _0.6 Al _0.4 ) N is used for the coating layer. However, when the value of x is 0.3 ≦ x ≦ 0.8 and the value of y is 0.6 ≦ y ≦ 1.0. By using the composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) within the range, the value of u can be changed to Ti of the composition in the range of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0.
When (N _u C _(1-u) ) is provided as the underlayer, substantially the same results as in FIGS. 41 and 42 can be obtained. The thickness of the coating layer is preferably 0.5 μm or more and 10 μm or less, and may be a single layer or a multilayer.

Next, another example of the film coated on the drill 51 will be described. As the drill 51, a nitride of TiAl added with a nitride-forming element capable of forming a high-quality nitride,
One coated with TiAl carbonitride is used. A drill 51 having a single-layer coating of either TiAl nitride or TiAl carbonitride to which a nitride-forming element has been added, or a multi-layer coating having at least one material coated therein is used.

Here, as the nitride forming elements, Zr (zirconium), Hf (hafnium), Y (yttrium), V (vanadium), Nb (niobium), Ta (tantalum), Si (silicon), Cr (silicon) Chrome), Mo (molybdenum),
W (tungsten), B (boron), Mg (magnesium), Ca (calcium) and Be (beryllium) are applied.

That is, when the nitride-forming element is M,
To (Ti_zAl_xM_(1-zx))_(1-w)(N _yC_(1-y))_wPair of
(However, 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.8, 0.6 ≤ y ≤ 1.0, 0.2 ≤
z ≦ 0.7, 0.7 ≦ (z + x) <1.0, 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55
Use at least one layer of the film
Because

Further, (Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y
C _(1-y) ) By defining the range of x in _w at 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.8 and defining the range of y at 0.6 ≤ y ≤ 1.0, the range of z is the range of 1 minus x. (Z =
1-x). For this reason, TiAl, NC has the same composition range as in the above case where the nitride-forming element M is not added, and FIG.
42 to provide substantially the same effect as the result of FIG. By adding the nitride forming element M, the nitride forming element M becomes Ti
A high-quality nitride can be formed that can be replaced with Al.

The case where V (vanadium), B (boron) and Zr (zirconium) are applied as typical elements of the nitride forming element M will be specifically described below with reference to FIGS. 43 to 45. FIG. 43 shows the relationship between the cutting speed and the flank wear when V and B are slightly added, and FIG.
43 shows the relationship between the cutting speed and the flank wear when more B and Zr are added than in FIG.

[0207] In this case, the material of the work is SCr420 (H _B 17
0) and the thickness of the work is 30 mm. The drill 51 has a diameter of 30 mm and a base material made of SKH55, and a predetermined coating is applied thereto. The cutting conditions were a feed of 0.2 mm / rev and a hole depth of 30 mm, and the workpiece was penetrated. 10 holes
No flank wear was observed after machining 100 holes.

As shown in FIG. 43, (Ti _z Al _x M
_(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w , (Ti _0.695 Al
_0.3 V _0.005 ) N, (Ti _0.2 Al _0.795 V _0.005 ) N, (Ti _0.5 Al _{0.45
B 0.05) (N 0. 9 C} 0.1) If at least one layer of the film of the composition was coated on the drill 51, the amount of flank wear in the following vicinity cutting speed 150 meters / min is practical wear limit (0.20 mm) less tool wear It is in quantity. Therefore, even when the nitride forming elements V and B are slightly added, the same high-efficiency and low-cost processing as in the case where the nitride forming elements are not added can be realized.

As shown in FIG. 44, (Ti _z Al _x M
_(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w , (Ti _0.5 Al
_0.4 V _0.1 ) N, (Ti _0.6 Al _0.2 B _0.2 ) N, (Ti _0.4 Al _0.3 V _0.3 ) (N
_0.7 C _0.3 ) and (Ti _0.4 Al _0.3 Zr _0.3 ) (N _0.6 C _0.4 )
The flank wear is less than the practical wear limit (0.20mm) at tool speeds below 150m / min. Therefore, even when V, B, and Zr, which are nitride-forming elements, are added more than in FIG. 43, the same high-efficiency and low-cost processing as when no nitride-forming element is added can be realized.

If the amount of the nitride-forming element to be added exceeds 0.3 in the composition ratio as compared with the composition of the TiAl-added element, the film is liable to be peeled off. 0.3 or less is preferable compared to the composition of the element. If the amount of the nitride-forming element exceeds 0.3 (z + x is less than 0.7) as compared with the composition of the TiAl-added element, that is, if the proportion of the nitride-forming element M is too large, the basic characteristics of TiAl are impaired and peeling occurs. Will occur.

Next, the case where the ratio of the metal element (Ti, Al, the nitride forming element to be added) and the nonmetal element (N) containing C is changed will be specifically described with reference to FIG. FIG. 45 shows the relationship between the cutting speed and the flank wear when the composition ratio of the metal element and the nonmetallic element including C is changed between 0.45 and 0.55. The processing conditions are the same as those shown in FIGS. 43 and 44. The coating film is a single layer and the film thickness is
1.7 μm.

As shown in FIG. 45, (Ti _z Al _x M
_(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w , (Ti _0.5 Al
_0.4 V _0.1 ) _0.45 N _0.55 and (Ti _0.5 Al _0.4 V _0.1 ) _0.55 N _{0.45 When} at least one layer is coated on the drill 51, when the metal element is large or when the non-metal element including C is large. In any case, the flank wear amount is less than the practical wear limit (0.20 mm) at cutting speeds of around 150 m / min or less, and high-efficiency low-cost machining can be realized. Here, w is set to 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55 because w is
If the ratio is out of the range of 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55, the film may be peeled off or the abrasion resistance of the film may be reduced.

Incidentally, usually, (Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) and (N _y
The ratio of C _(1-y) ) _w is assumed to be 1: 1. However, the ratio of non-metallic elements including C to the metal elements Ti, Al and the added nitride-forming element is increased or decreased. There is no problem. Solid solution strengthening can be expected by increasing the amount of nonmetallic elements including C.

As described above, even when a film to which V, B and Zr are added as the nitride forming element M is coated and dry-cut, the wear amount falls within the practical wear limit, and V, B and Zr The same high-efficiency and low-cost processing as in the case where no is added can be realized. Incidentally, as the nitride forming element M,
Even when coating with a film to which elements other than V, B and Zr are added and performing dry cutting, high-efficiency and low-cost processing can be realized as in the case where V, B and Zr are added.

In the above-described drilling method using the drill 51, it is also possible to perform cutting while blowing air on the cutting portion. By performing the drilling with the drill 51 while blowing air to the cutting portion, it becomes possible to blow off chips generated by the cutting from the cutting portion and remove the chips. It is also possible to mix a small amount of cutting oil into the air and spray it in a mist. By performing the processing by blowing air, drilling can be realized at high efficiency and at low cost without causing chip entrapment.

Work with a throw-away tip attached
Perform cutting (milling) with a tool (milling)
The processing method will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG.
6 is a milling machine that implements a machining method that performs milling
FIG. 47 shows the side view of (Ti _(1-x)Al_x) From the composition of N
48 shows the relationship between the value of x and the flank wear of the material.
(N_uC_(1-u)) When an underlayer consisting of
The relationship between the surface wear and the cutting speed is shown.

As shown in FIG. 46, in the milling machine 60, a number of throw-away tips 62 are attached to the outer periphery of a tool main body 61 supported by a tool spindle such as a milling machine, and each of the throw-away tips 62 is used for clamping. It is fixed by a wedge 63 and a clamp screw 64, respectively. By tightening the clamp screw 64, the indexable insert 62 is fixed to the tool main body 61 via the wedge 63.

As the throw away tip 62, TiAl
Inserts 6 made of high-speed tool steel (high-speed) coated with nitride or TiAl carbonitride
2 is used. As the nitride of TiAl or the carbonitride of TiAl coated on the throw-away tip 62, those coated with a single layer and those coated with at least one material in a multilayer coating are used. Since the throw-away tip 2 is made of high-speed steel, it can be inexpensive and cost can be reduced. In order to increase the adhesion of the TiAl nitride or TiAl carbonitride coating layer, Ti carbonitride or Ti nitride is provided as an underlayer.

By using high-speed steel as the base material of the throw-away tip 62, occurrence of chipping is prevented. High-speed steel is inferior in wear resistance, but by coating with TiAl nitride or TiAl carbonitride, the wear resistance is the same as that of a carbide or super hard and ceramic-coated indexable insert. Property is obtained. In particular, when cutting by dry cutting without applying cutting fluid, when cutting is performed by applying cutting fluid with a conventional carbide or carbide-made indexable insert coated with ceramics (when cutting by wet cutting) The above tool life can be obtained. In the dry-cut processing, no cutting oil is used, so that there is no generation of stains and unusual odors on the floor, and no waste oil treatment is required. Therefore, it is suitable for improving the working environment and the global environment.

As a throw-away tip 62, a high-speed tool steel tip is coated with TiAl nitride or TiAl carbonitride, whereby the Al in the coating film rises in temperature due to the cutting heat, and as a result, The oxide film is oxidized to form an oxide film having high wear resistance on the surface of the coating film, and the indexable tip 62 is hardly worn.
Further, the oxide film has an effect of preventing oxidation inside the film, and can keep the adhesion of the coating film strong.

A method of performing a cutting process using the milling cutter 60 to which the above-described indexable insert 62 is attached will be described. In effect, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C
_(1-y) ) A film having a composition of 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.5 ≤ y ≤ 1.0, for example, a material having a composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N having a thickness of 5 μm, which is formed as a _single or multi-layer film. Cutting is performed using a throw-away tip 62 made of speed steel (SKH55) without supplying a cutting oil (dry cutting).

Then, substantially (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C
_(1-y) ) (where 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9, 0.5 ≦ y ≦
(Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) and (N _y C _(1-y) ) in the 1.0) film
Is (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) :( N _y C _(1-y) ) = 1.1: 0.
From 9 it is between (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) :( N _y C _(1-y) ) = 0.9: 1.1. That is, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _(1-w) (N _y C
_(1-y) ) _w in w is 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55.

Usually, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) and (N _y C _(1-y) )
Is assumed to be 1: 1.
There is no problem even if NC is contained abundantly to strengthen solid solution.

The outer diameter of the tool body 61 of the milling cutter 60 is 200 m
m and the number of blades (the number of indexable inserts 62) are eight. Work, the material is carbon steel (H _B 170), the cutting conditions feed 0.2 mm / rev, cutting, and 1mm depth cut, the cutting width is 50 mm, the total cutting length (milling 60 feed direction Length) is 10m.

As shown in FIG. 47, if the coating film of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N is in the range of 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9, it is below the practical wear limit at the cutting speed of 500 m / min or less. The flank wear is reduced to practical use. Also, if the value of y is 0.5
(Ti _0.5 Al _0.5 ) (N _y C
Indexable tip 62 coated with _(1-y) )
It has been confirmed that the flank wear of the milling cutter 60 using the flank surface is less than the practical wear limit at a cutting speed of 500 m / min or less, and the milling device 60 can be used practically.

As described above, when the value of x is 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9, y
(Ti _(1-x) Al of a composition with a value of 0.5 ≦ y ≦ 1.0
_When cutting is performed by dry cutting with a milling machine 60 using a throw-away tip 62 coated with _x ) ( _{NyC (1-y)} ), highly efficient and low-cost cutting can be realized.

On the other hand, (T
i _(1-x) Al _x ) To improve the adhesion of the coating layer between the coating layer composed of
An underlayer having a composition of (N _u C _(1-u) ) is provided. The relationship between the flank wear and the cutting speed when the value of u of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) of the underlayer is changed will be described with reference to FIG. The coating layer having the composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N in FIG. 48 is, for example, (Ti _0.6 Al _0.4 )
A coating layer composed of N 2 is used.

When the material of the work is carbon steel (hardness H _B 170), as shown in FIG. 48, Ti (N
_When the cutting speed exceeds 500 m / min, the flank wear exceeds the practical limit (0.2 mm) and the indexable insert 62 provided with _u C _(1-u) ) as the underlayer peels off. 0.3,
The indexable insert 62 provided with Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) having a composition of 0.7 and 1.0 as an underlayer has a cutting speed of 500 m / m.
The flank wear is below the practical limit (0.2mm) even at 600m / min beyond in, making it practical.

As described above, by providing Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) having a composition in which the value of u is in the range of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0 as the underlayer, the coating film is separated from the base material. Without this, dry cutting without using cutting oil becomes practical. Furthermore, by providing Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) having a composition in which the value of u is in the range of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0 as a base layer, even if the cutting speed is increased to 600 m / min, the Dry cut can be made practical without peeling of the coating film.

(Ti _0.6 Al)
_0.4 ) A film having a composition of N 2 is coated, and Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≦ u ≦ By providing a layer having a composition of 1.0 and performing cutting at a cutting speed of 600 m / min or less, dry cutting becomes practical without peeling of the coating film from the base material. For this reason, even under severe conditions of cutting high-speed, high-hardness work, or a large number of works, the coating film does not peel off from the base material, and dry cutting without cutting oil is required. Milling is possible under practical conditions.

Incidentally, the composition of (Ti _0.6 Al _0.4 ) N is used for the coating layer in the case described above, but the value of x is 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9 and the value of y is 0.5 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 By using the composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) in the range of the above, the value of u is in the range of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0.
When Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) is provided as the underlayer, substantially the same results as in FIG. 48 can be obtained. The thickness of the coating layer is preferably 0.5 μm or more and 10 μm or less, and may be a single layer or a multilayer.

Next, another example of the film coated on the throw-away tip 62 will be described. As the indexable tip 62, a tip coated with a TiAl nitride or a TiAl carbonitride to which a nitride-forming element capable of forming a high-quality nitride is added is used. Ti with added nitride forming element
A single-layer coating of any of Al nitride or TiAl carbonitride and a throw-away tip 62 coated with at least one material in a multi-layer coating are used.

Here, as the nitride-forming element, Zr (zirconium), Hf (hafnium), Y (yttrium), V (vanadium), Nb (niobium), Ta (tantalum), Si (silicon), Cr (silicon) Chrome), Mo (molybdenum),
W (tungsten), B (boron), Mg (magnesium), Ca (calcium) and Be (beryllium) are applied.

That is, when the nitride forming element is M,
To (Ti_zAl_xM_(1-zx))_(1-w)(N _yC_(1-y))_wPair of
(However, 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9, 0.5 ≦ y ≦ 1.0, 0.1 ≦
z ≦ 0.8, 0.7 ≦ (z + x) <1.0, 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55
At least one layer is applied to the throw-away tip 62.
Use what you do.

Further, (Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y
C _(1-y) ) By defining the range of x in _w to be 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9 and defining the range of y to be 0.5 ≦ y ≦ 1.0, the range of z is the range obtained by subtracting x from 1 to x. (Z =
1-x). For this reason, TiAl, NC has the same composition range as in the above case where the nitride-forming element M is not added.
7, substantially the same effect as the result of FIG. 48 can be obtained. By adding the nitride forming element M, the nitride forming element M becomes Ti
A high-quality nitride can be formed that can be replaced with Al.

Hereinafter, the case where V (vanadium), B (boron), and Zr (zirconium) are applied as typical elements of the nitride forming element M will be specifically described with reference to FIGS. 49 to 51. FIG. 49 shows the relationship between the cutting speed and flank wear when V and B are slightly added, and FIG.
49 shows the relationship between the cutting speed and the flank wear when more B and Zr are added than in FIG.

[0237] Here, the material of the workpiece is S45C (H _B 170), the cutting conditions feed 0.2 mm / rev, cutting, the cutting depth 1
mm, the cutting width is 50 mm, and the total cutting length (the length in the milling feed direction) is 10 m. The outer diameter of the milling cutter is 200 mm, and the number of blades (the number of indexable inserts 62) is eight. The high speed steel used for the throw-away tip 2 is SKH55.

As shown in FIG. 49, (Ti _z Al _x M
_(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w , (Ti _0.795 Al
_0.2 V _0.005 ) N, (Ti _0.15 Al _0.845 V _0.005 ) N, (Ti _0.5 Al _0.45
B _0.05) (if the film of the N _{0. 9} C _0.1) composition was coated at least one layer in the indexable insert 62, the cutting speed
The flank wear is less than the practical wear limit (0.20
mm) less tool wear. For this reason,
Even when V and B, which are nitride-forming elements, are slightly added, the same high-efficiency and low-cost processing can be realized as when no nitride-forming element is added. Although not shown in the figure, it has been confirmed that the crater wear is small.

As shown in FIG. 50, (Ti _z Al _x M
_(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w , (Ti _0.5 Al
_0.4 V _0.1 ) N, (Ti _0.6 Al _0.2 B _0.2 ) N, (Ti _0.4 Al _0.3 V _0.3 ) (N
_When at least one layer of the composition of ( _0.7 C _0.3 ), (Ti _0.4 Al _0.3 Zr _0.3 ) (N _0.6 C _0.4 ) is coated on the indexable insert 2, the flank wear amount is practical at a cutting speed of around 500 m / min or less. The tool wear is less than the wear limit (0.20mm). For this reason, the nitride forming elements V, B and
Even when Zr is added more than in FIG. 49, the same high-efficiency and low-cost processing as in the case where the nitride-forming element is not added can be realized. Although not shown in the figure, it has been confirmed that the crater wear is small.

If the amount of the added nitride-forming element exceeds 0.3 in the composition ratio as compared with the composition of the TiAl-added element, the film is liable to be peeled off. 0.3 or less is preferable compared to the composition of the element. If the amount of the nitride-forming element exceeds 0.3 (z + x is less than 0.7) as compared with the composition of the TiAl-added element, that is, if the proportion of the nitride-forming element M is too large, the basic characteristics of TiAl are impaired and peeling occurs. Will occur.

Next, the case where the ratio of the metal element (Ti, Al, the nitride forming element to be added) and the nonmetal element (N) containing C is changed will be specifically described with reference to FIG. FIG. 51 shows the relationship between the cutting speed and the flank wear when the composition ratio of the metal element and the non-metal element including C is changed between 0.45 and 0.55. The processing conditions and the like are the same as those shown in FIGS. 49 and 50. The coating film is a single layer and the film thickness is
1.7 μm.

As shown in FIG. 51, (Ti _z Al _x M
_(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w , (Ti _0.5 Al
_0.4 V _0.1 ) _0.45 N _0.55 and (Ti _0.5 Al _0.4 V _0.1 ) _0.55 N _0.45
Coating, metal element rich or
In all cases where the amount of nonmetallic elements including C is large, the flank wear is less than the practical wear limit (0.20 mm) at cutting speeds of around 500 m / min or less, and high-efficiency low-cost machining can be realized. Although not shown in the figure, it has been confirmed that the crater wear is small. Here, the reason why w is set to 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55 is that if w is out of the range of 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55, the film may be peeled off or the wear resistance of the film may be reduced.

Incidentally, usually, (Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) and (N _y
The ratio of C _(1-y) ) _w is assumed to be 1: 1. However, the ratio of non-metallic elements including C to the metal elements Ti, Al and the added nitride-forming element is increased or decreased. There is no problem. Solid solution strengthening can be expected by increasing the amount of nonmetallic elements including C.

As described above, even when a film to which V, B and Zr are added as the nitride-forming element M is coated and dry-cut, the wear amount is within the practical wear limit, and V, B and Zr The same high-efficiency and low-cost processing as in the case where no is added can be realized. Incidentally, as the nitride forming element M,
Even when coating with a film to which elements other than V, B and Zr are added and performing dry cutting, high-efficiency and low-cost processing can be realized as in the case where V, B and Zr are added.

In the above-mentioned cutting method using the milling cutter 60 to which the throw-away tip 62 is attached, it is also possible to perform cutting while blowing air on the cutting portion. By performing cutting by the milling machine 60 while blowing air to the cutting portion, it becomes possible to blow off chips generated by the cutting from the cutting portion and remove them. It is also possible to mix a small amount of cutting oil into the air and spray it in a mist. By performing the machining of the gears by blowing air, cutting can be realized at high efficiency and at low cost without causing chips to bite.

[0246] As a tool to which the throw-away tip 62 is attached, a cutting tool can be used. Even when turning using a cutting tool, high-efficiency and low-cost turning can be achieved, and dry cutting can be performed without causing peeling of the coating film from the base material. Even under severe conditions when turning high-hardness workpieces or a large number of workpieces, it is practical to perform dry-cut turning without cutting fluid without causing peeling of the coating film from the base material. Is possible.

[0247]

The machining method of the present invention is directed to a method of machining a gear in which a tooth profile is created using a hob provided with a high-speed tool steel blade, wherein the hob is substantially (Ti _{(1- x)} Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.85 0.25 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 At least one layer of a film is coated, and further, a coating with the base material is formed to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer. Using a hob provided with a layer of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 as an underlayer between the layers, and performing tooth cutting by dry cutting in which cutting is performed without using a cutting oil The tooth shape can be created by greatly increasing the cutting speed without using an expensive hob such as a carbide. As a result, gear processing can be realized with high efficiency and low cost, and dry cutting can be performed without peeling of the coating film from the base material. Even under severe conditions for cutting the work described above, it is possible to create a gear by dry cutting without using a cutting oil without causing peeling of the coating film from the base material under practical conditions.

[0248] In the method of machining a gear in which a tooth profile is created using a hob provided with a blade portion made of high-speed tool steel, substantially the same as the hob, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _{(1 -w)} (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.85 0.25 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 at least one layer is coated, and furthermore, in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer. Using a hob provided with a layer of the composition Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 as an underlayer between the base material and cutting without using a cutting oil Since the tooth profile is created by dry cutting, it is possible to greatly increase the cutting speed and create the tooth profile without using an expensive hob such as carbide. As a result, gear processing can be realized with high efficiency and low cost, and dry cutting can be performed without peeling of the coating film from the base material. Even under severe conditions for cutting the work described above, it is possible to create a gear by dry cutting without using a cutting oil without causing peeling of the coating film from the base material under practical conditions. It is also a metal element
By adding N, C to Ti, Al in equal or greater amount, solid solution strengthening of the coating film can be expected.

[0249] In the method of machining a gear in which a tooth profile is created using a hob having a blade portion made of a high-speed tool steel, the hob may be formed by setting a nitride-forming element to M, substantially (Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.85 0.25 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.15 ≤ z ≤ 0.8 0.7 ≤ (z + x) <1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≦ u as a base layer between the base material and at least one layer having a composition of 0.55, and further enhancing the adhesion of the coating layer. Using a hob with a layer with a composition of ≤1.0, the tooth profile is created by dry cutting, which does not use cutting oil, so the cutting speed can be significantly increased without using expensive hobs such as carbide. It can be improved to create a tooth profile. As a result, gear processing can be realized with high efficiency and low cost, and dry cutting can be performed without peeling of the coating film from the base material. Even under severe conditions for cutting the work described above, it is possible to create a gear by dry cutting without using a cutting oil without causing peeling of the coating film from the base material under practical conditions. It is also a metal element
By adding N, C to Ti, Al in equal or greater amount, solid solution strengthening of the coating film can be expected.

The machining method of the present invention relates to a method of machining a gear in which a tooth profile is created by using a gear cutting tool made of a high-speed tool steel, wherein substantially (Ti _{(1 -x)} Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9 0.2 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 At least one film is coated on at least the flank, and the adhesion of the coating layer is further reduced. Use a gear-type shaving tool provided with a layer of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 as a base layer between the base material and Since the tooth profile is created by dry cutting in which cutting is performed without using a gear, a tooth profile can be created by significantly increasing the cutting speed without using an expensive gear-type shaving tool such as a carbide tool. As a result, gear processing can be realized with high efficiency and low cost, and dry cut can be practically used without peeling of the coating film from the base material,
Creation of gears by dry cutting without using cutting oil, without causing peeling of the coating film from the base material even under high cutting speed, hard work, or severe conditions when cutting many works. Is possible under practical conditions.

Further, in the method of machining a gear in which a tooth profile is created by using a gear mold cutting tool made of high-speed tool steel, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 At least one film is coated on at least the flank, and further, For gear shaving, a layer with a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 is provided as a base layer between the base material and the base material to increase the adhesion of the coating layer. The tooth profile is created by dry cutting, which uses a tool and does not use cutting oil, so the cutting speed is greatly improved without using expensive gear-type cutting tools such as carbide. It can be created. As a result, gear processing can be realized with high efficiency and low cost, and dry cut can be practically used without peeling of the coating film from the base material,
Creation of gears by dry cutting without using cutting oil, without causing peeling of the coating film from the base material even under high cutting speed, hard work, or severe conditions when cutting many works. Is possible under practical conditions. In addition, it is expected that solid solution strengthening of the coating film can be expected by adding N or C to Ti or Al, which is a metal element, in the same amount or more.

[0252] Further, in the method of machining a gear in which a tooth profile is created using a gear cutting tool made of high-speed tool steel, the gear forming tool has a nitride-forming element of M, substantially Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.1 ≤ z ≤ 0.8 0.7 ≤ (z + x) <1.0 0.45 At least one layer of a film having a composition of ≦ w ≦ 0.55 is coated on at least the flank, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to increase the adhesion of the coating layer, substantially Ti (N _u C
_(1-u) ) A tooth profile is created by dry cutting, which uses a gear-type shaving tool provided with a layer of 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0, and does not use cutting oil, so that carbide etc. The cutting speed can be greatly increased without using an expensive gear-type shaving tool, and a tooth profile can be created. As a result, gear processing can be realized with high efficiency and low cost, and dry cut can be practically used without peeling of the coating film from the base material,
Creation of gears by dry cutting without using cutting oil without causing peeling of the coating film from the base material even under high cutting speed, high hardness work, or severe conditions when cutting many works. Is possible under practical conditions. In addition, it is expected that the solid solution strengthening of the coating film can be expected by adding N, C to the metal elements Ti, Al in the same amount or more.

The machining method of the present invention is substantially equivalent to (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) in a method of finishing a gear wheel surface using a high-speed tool steel shaving cutter. N _y C _(1-y) ) 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9 0.2 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 By using a shaving cutter provided with a layer having a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 as an underlayer in between and performing dry cutting without using a cutting oil. Since the finish cutting of the gear tooth surface is performed, the finish cutting speed can be greatly improved and the tooth surface finish cutting can be performed without using an expensive shaving cutter such as carbide. As a result, it is possible to achieve high-efficiency, low-cost finish cutting of the gear tooth surface, and to realize dry cutting without peeling of the coating film from the base material, and achieve high finishing cutting speed and high hardness. Finish cutting of gear tooth surface by dry cutting without using cutting oil without causing peeling of coating film from base material even under severe conditions where finish cutting of many workpieces or many workpieces It becomes possible under typical conditions.

Further, in a method of machining a gear in which a gear wheel surface is subjected to finish cutting using a shaving cutter made of a high-speed tool steel, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _(1-w) ( N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 At least one film is coated on at least the tooth surface, and further, the adhesion of the coating layer is increased. Therefore, a shaving cutter provided with a layer having a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 as an underlayer between the base material, and without using a cutting oil Finish cutting of gear tooth surface is performed by dry cutting, so finishing cutting speed can be greatly improved without using expensive shaving cutters such as carbide, and finish cutting of tooth surface can be performed. . As a result, it is possible to achieve high-efficiency, low-cost finish cutting of the gear tooth surface, and to realize dry cutting without peeling of the coating film from the base material, and achieve high finishing cutting speed and high hardness. Finish cutting of gear tooth surface by dry cutting without using cutting oil without causing peeling of coating film from base material even under severe conditions where finish cutting of many workpieces or many workpieces It becomes possible under typical conditions. In addition, it is expected that solid solution strengthening of the coating film can be expected by adding N or C to Ti or Al, which is a metal element, in the same amount or more.

Further, in a method of machining a gear in which a gear wheel surface is finish-cut using a shaving cutter made of a high-speed tool steel, a nitride forming element is set to M, and (Ti _z Al _x M _{(1 -zx)} ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.1 ≤ z ≤ 0.8 0.7 ≤ (z + x) <1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 At least one layer of the film is coated on at least the tooth surface, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer, substantially Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 Using a shaving cutter provided with a layer with a composition of ≤ u ≤ 1.0, and finishing the gear tooth surface by dry cutting, which does not use cutting oil, cutting expensive tooth shaving cutters such as carbide The finish cutting speed of the tooth surface can be greatly improved without using the finish cutting speed. As a result, it is possible to achieve high-efficiency, low-cost finish cutting of the gear tooth surface, and to realize dry cutting without peeling of the coating film from the base material, and achieve high finishing cutting speed and high hardness. Finish cutting of gear tooth surface by dry cutting without using cutting oil without causing peeling of coating film from base material even under severe conditions where finish cutting of many workpieces or many workpieces is performed Is possible under typical conditions. In addition, it is expected that the solid solution strengthening of the coating film can be expected by adding N, C to the metal elements Ti, Al in the same amount or more.

The processing method of the present invention is a method of processing a gear in which a gear wheel surface is subjected to finish cutting using a shaving cutter made of a high-speed tool steel, wherein (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) ( N _y C _(1-y) ) 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 At least one layer of the film is coated on at least the tooth surface, and further, the film is coated with a base material in order to increase the adhesion of the coating layer. Using a shaving cutter provided with a layer of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 as an underlayer, and finishing the gear tooth surface with a water-soluble cutting oil Since the cutting is performed, the finish cutting speed can be greatly improved and the tooth surface can be finish-cut without using an expensive shaving cutter such as carbide. As a result, the finish cutting of the gear tooth surface can be realized with high efficiency and low cost, and the finish cutting becomes practical without peeling of the coating film from the base material, resulting in high finish cutting speed and high hardness. Even under severe conditions for finish cutting of a work or a large number of works, finish cutting of the gear tooth surface can be performed under practical conditions without occurrence of peeling of the coating film from the base material.

Further, in a method of machining a gear in which a gear wheel surface is subjected to finish cutting using a shaving cutter made of high-speed tool steel, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _(1-w) ( N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 At least one film is coated on at least the tooth surface, and further, the adhesion of the coating layer is increased. In order to use a shaving cutter provided with a layer having a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 as a base layer between the base material and a water-soluble cutting fluid, Since the finish cutting of the gear tooth surface is performed, the finish cutting speed can be greatly improved and the tooth surface finish cutting can be performed without using an expensive shaving cutter such as carbide. As a result, the finish cutting of the gear tooth surface can be realized with high efficiency and low cost, and the finish cutting becomes practical without peeling of the coating film from the base material, resulting in high finish cutting speed and high hardness. Even under severe conditions for finish cutting of a work or a large number of works, finish cutting of the gear tooth surface can be performed under practical conditions without occurrence of peeling of the coating film from the base material. In addition, it is expected that the solid solution strengthening of the coating film can be expected by adding N, C to the metal elements Ti, Al in the same amount or more.

Further, in a method of machining a gear in which a gear wheel surface is finish-cut using a shaving cutter made of a high-speed tool steel, the nitride forming element is set to M, and (Ti _z Al _x M _{(1 -zx)} ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.1 ≤ z ≤ 0.8 0.7 ≤ (z + x) <1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 At least one layer of the film is coated on at least the tooth surface, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer, substantially Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 Using a shaving cutter provided with a layer with a composition of ≤ u ≤ 1.0, and using a water-soluble cutting oil to perform the finish cutting of the gear tooth surface, so that the finish cutting without using an expensive shaving cutter such as carbide. The speed can be greatly increased to perform finish cutting of the tooth surface. As a result, the finish cutting of the gear tooth surface can be realized with high efficiency and low cost, and the finish cutting becomes practical without peeling of the coating film from the base material, resulting in high finish cutting speed and high hardness. Even under severe conditions for finish cutting of a work or a large number of works, finish cutting of the gear tooth surface can be performed under practical conditions without occurrence of peeling of the coating film from the base material. In addition, it is expected that the solid solution strengthening of the coating film can be expected by adding N, C to the metal elements Ti, Al in the same amount or more.

The working method of the present invention is substantially the same as the working method of a gear for creating a bevel gear using a spiral bevel gear cutter in which a blade material made of high-speed tool steel is attached to a cutter body, wherein (Ti _{(1 -x)} Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.85 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 At least one layer of a film is coated. A spiral bevel gear cutter attached with a blade material provided with a layer having a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 is substantially used as an underlayer, and a cutting oil is used. The tooth profile is created by dry cutting without cutting, so the cutting speed is greatly improved without using a spiral bevel gear cutter equipped with expensive blade material such as carbide and creating an umbrella tooth shape Umbrella with high efficiency and low cost In addition to being able to create a car, dry cutting becomes practical without peeling of the coating film from the base material, and severe conditions for cutting high cutting speed, high hardness workpieces, or many workpieces Even without causing peeling of the coating film from the base material,
It is possible to create bevel gears by dry cutting without using cutting oil under practical conditions.

Further, in a method of processing a gear for creating a bevel gear using a spiral bevel gear cutter in which a blade material made of high-speed tool steel is attached to a cutter body, substantially (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.85 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 At least one film is coated, and the adhesion of the coating layer is further reduced. A spiral bevel gear cutter with a blade material provided with a layer of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 as an underlayer between the base material and The tooth profile is created by dry cutting, which does not use cutting fluids, so the cutting speed can be greatly improved without using a spiral bevel gear cutter equipped with expensive blade material such as carbide. Umbrella tooth shape can be created, with high efficiency and low cost The creation of bevel gears becomes feasible, and dry cutting becomes practical without peeling of the coating film from the base material. Severe conditions for cutting high-speed, high-hardness workpieces or many workpieces Even below, without causing peeling of the coating film from the base material,
It is possible to create bevel gears by dry cutting without using cutting oil under practical conditions. In addition, metal elements Ti, Al
If N and C are contained in the same amount or more, the solid solution strengthening of the coating film can be expected.

Further, in a method of manufacturing a bevel gear using a spiral bevel gear cutter in which a blade material made of a high-speed tool steel is attached to a cutter body, the nitride forming element is substantially M, and Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.85 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.15 ≤ z ≤ 0.8 0.7 ≤ (z + x) <1.0 0.45 At least one layer having a composition of ≦ w ≦ 0.55, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer, substantially Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) A spiral bevel gear cutter equipped with a blade material provided with a layer of 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 is used, and the tooth profile is created by dry cutting, which does not use a cutting oil, so expensive carbide and other expensive materials are used. Cutting speed can be increased without using a spiral bevel gear cutter with Bevel gears can be created by improving the bevel gear, and bevel gears can be created with high efficiency and low cost, and dry cutting can be performed without peeling of the coating film from the base material. Even under severe conditions of cutting high-speed, high-hardness work, or a large number of works, the coating film does not peel off from the base material,
It is possible to create bevel gears by dry cutting without using cutting oil under practical conditions. In addition, metal elements Ti, Al
If N and C are contained in the same amount or more, the solid solution strengthening of the coating film can be expected.

The working method of the present invention is a working method of performing cutting using an end mill of high-speed tool steel, wherein (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) At least one layer of a film having the composition of 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9 0.5 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 is coated, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to increase the adhesion of the coating layer, Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) Uses an end mill provided with a layer with a composition of 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0, and performs cutting by dry cutting, which does not use cutting oil, so expensive The cutting speed can be greatly increased without using an end mill to perform cutting.As a result, cutting can be realized at high efficiency and at low cost, and the coating film does not peel off from the base material. In addition, dry cutting becomes practical, and high cutting speed and high hardness Even severe conditions of cutting a large number of workpieces, without generating peeling of the coating film from the base material, cutting at dry cutting without using a cutting oil is made possible in a practical condition.

Further, in a machining method for performing machining using an end mill of high-speed tool steel, substantially (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.5 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 at least one layer is coated, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer. Then, using an end mill provided with a layer of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0, the cutting process was performed by dry cutting without using cutting oil, The cutting speed can be greatly increased without using expensive end mills such as carbide, and cutting can be performed.As a result, cutting can be realized with high efficiency and low cost, and the coating film from the base material can be realized. Dry cutting can be performed practically without peeling off, and high cutting speed and high hardness Even under severe conditions when cutting a large number of workpieces, it is possible to perform dry cutting without using cutting oil under practical conditions without causing peeling of the coating film from the base material . In addition, it is expected that the solid solution strengthening of the coating film can be expected by adding N, C to the metal elements Ti, Al in the same amount or more.

In a machining method for performing cutting using an end mill of high-speed tool steel, the nitride-forming element may be selected from M
Substantially, (Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.5 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.1 ≤ z ≤ 0.8 0.7 ≦ (z + x) <1.0 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55 At least one film is coated, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer, substantially Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) Uses an end mill provided with a layer with a composition of 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0, and performs cutting by dry cutting, which does not use cutting oil, so expensive The cutting speed can be greatly increased without using an end mill to perform cutting.As a result, cutting can be realized at high efficiency and at low cost, and the coating film does not peel off from the base material. In addition, dry cutting can be used practically, and under severe conditions where high cutting speed, high hardness work, or many workpieces are cut. Even if it does, it is possible to perform cutting by dry cutting without using a cutting oil under practical conditions without causing peeling of the coating film from the base material. In addition, it is expected that the solid solution strengthening of the coating film can be expected by adding N, C to the metal elements Ti, Al in the same amount or more.

The working method of the present invention is a working method for performing drilling using a high-speed tool steel drill, which is substantially equivalent to (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) At least one layer of a film having a composition of 0.3 ≦ x ≦ 0.8 0.6 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 is coated, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer, substantially Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) Using a drill provided with a layer of the composition of 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0, drilling is performed by dry cut which does not use cutting oil, so expensive Drilling can be performed by greatly increasing the cutting speed without using a drill. As a result, drilling can be realized with high efficiency and low cost, and dry cutting can be performed without peeling of the coating film from the base material. Even under severe conditions for drilling a workpiece, drilling by dry cutting without using a cutting oil can be performed under practical conditions without causing peeling of the coating film from the base material.

Further, in a machining method for performing drilling using a high-speed tool steel drill, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.8 0.6 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 at least one layer is coated, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer. Then, using a drill provided with a layer of the composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0, drilling was performed by dry cut to drill without using cutting oil, Drilling can be performed by greatly increasing the cutting speed without using expensive drills such as carbide. As a result, drilling can be realized with high efficiency and low cost, and dry cutting can be performed without peeling of the coating film from the base material. Even under severe conditions for drilling a workpiece, drilling by dry cutting without using a cutting oil can be performed under practical conditions without causing peeling of the coating film from the base material. In addition, it is expected that the solid solution strengthening of the coating film can be expected by adding N, C to the metal elements Ti, Al in the same amount or more.

Further, in a machining method for performing drilling using a high-speed tool steel drill, a nitride-forming element is set to M, and (Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) _{(1-w )} (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.8 0.6 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.2 ≤ z ≤ 0.7 0.7 ≤ (z + x) <1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55. In order to increase the adhesion of the coating layer, a drill having a layer of substantially Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 is used as a base layer between the base material and the base material. Since the drilling is performed by dry cutting, which does not use a cutting oil, drilling can be performed by greatly increasing the cutting speed without using an expensive drill such as a carbide. As a result, drilling can be realized with high efficiency and low cost, and dry cutting can be performed without peeling of the coating film from the base material. Even under severe conditions for drilling a workpiece, drilling by dry cutting without using a cutting oil can be performed under practical conditions without causing peeling of the coating film from the base material. In addition, it is expected that the solid solution strengthening of the coating film can be expected by adding N, C to the metal elements Ti, Al in the same amount or more.

The processing method of the present invention is a method for performing cutting or turning using a tool to which a throw-away tip of high-speed tool steel is attached, wherein substantially (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9 0.5 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 At least one film is coated, and a base layer is formed between the film and the base material in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer. As a matter of fact, cutting or turning is performed without using a cutting oil, using a tool equipped with a indexable insert provided with a layer of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0. Since the processing is performed by the dry cutting to be performed, the cutting or the turning speed can be greatly improved without using an expensive indexable insert such as a carbide, and the cutting or the turning can be performed. As a result, cutting or turning can be realized with high efficiency and low cost, and dry cutting can be performed without causing peeling of the coating film from the base material. Cutting or turning with dry cutting without using cutting fluid without causing peeling of the coating film from the base material even under severe conditions when cutting or turning a work with hardness or a large number of works. Processing is possible under practical conditions.

Further, in a machining method in which cutting or turning is performed using a tool to which a high-speed tool steel indexable insert is attached, (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _{(1-w )} ( _{NyC (1-y)} ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.5 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 At least one film is coated, and further, a base material is used to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer. As a base layer, a tool with a throw-away tip provided with a layer having a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 is used, and a cutting oil is used. Cutting or turning is performed without using expensive indexable inserts such as carbide because cutting or turning is performed without cutting or turning. Can be. As a result, cutting or turning can be realized with high efficiency and low cost, and dry cutting can be performed without causing peeling of the coating film from the base material. Cutting or turning with dry cutting without using cutting fluid without causing peeling of the coating film from the base material even under severe conditions when cutting or turning a work with hardness or a large number of works. Processing is possible under practical conditions. In addition, metal elements Ti, Al
If N and C are contained in the same amount or more, the solid solution strengthening of the coating film can be expected.

In a machining method for performing cutting or turning using a tool to which a high-speed tool steel indexable insert is attached, the nitride forming element is M,
Substantially, (Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9 0.5 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 0.1 ≦ z ≦ 0.8 0.7 ≦ ( z + x) <1.0 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55 At least one film is coated, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to increase the adhesion of the coating layer, Ti (N _u C _{( 1-u)} ) Using a tool fitted with a throw-away insert provided with a layer of 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0, and performing cutting by dry cutting without using cutting fluid, Cutting or turning can be performed by greatly increasing the cutting speed or turning speed without using an expensive indexable insert such as carbide. As a result, cutting or turning can be realized with high efficiency and low cost, and dry cutting can be performed without causing peeling of the coating film from the base material. Cutting or turning with dry cutting without using cutting fluid without causing peeling of the coating film from the base material even under severe conditions when cutting or turning a work with hardness or a large number of works. Processing is possible under practical conditions. In addition, metal elements Ti, Al
If N and C are contained in the same amount or more, the solid solution strengthening of the coating film can be expected.

Further, since the processing is performed by blowing air to the processing portion, high efficiency and low cost processing can be realized without the generation of chips.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a cutting section of a hobbing machine that implements a gear processing method.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the value of x and the flank wear of a material having a composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the value of x of a material having a composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N and crater wear.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the value of u of a base layer composed of a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) and flank wear.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the value of u of an underlayer composed of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) and crater wear.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the state of flank wear.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the state of flank wear.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the state of flank wear.

FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram of a cutting section of a gear shaper that implements a gear processing method.

FIG. 10 is an external view of a pinion cutter.

FIG. 11 shows the x of a material composed of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N.
Is a graph showing the relationship between the value of and the flank wear.

FIG. 12 shows an example of u of an underlayer composed of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ).
Is a graph showing the relationship between the value of and the flank wear.

FIG. 13 shows an example of u of an underlayer made of a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ).
Is a graph showing the relationship between the value of and the flank wear.

FIG. 14 is a graph showing the state of flank wear.

FIG. 15 is a graph showing the state of flank wear.

FIG. 16 is a graph showing the state of flank wear.

FIG. 17 is a schematic configuration diagram of a main part of a shaving cutter that implements a method of processing a gear.

FIG. 18 shows x of a material having a composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N.
Is a graph showing the relationship between the value of and the surface roughness.

FIG. 19 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of cuts and the surface roughness when an underlayer having the composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) is provided.

FIG. 20 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of cuts and the surface roughness when an underlayer made of a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) is provided.

FIG. 21 is a graph showing the state of surface roughness.

FIG. 22 is a graph showing the state of surface roughness.

FIG. 23 is a graph showing the state of surface roughness.

FIG. 24 is an external view of an annular milling cutter as a spiral bevel gear cutter for implementing a method of processing a bevel gear.

FIG. 25 shows x of a material having a composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N.
Is a graph showing the relationship between the value of and the flank wear.

FIG. 26 is a graph showing the relationship between flank wear and cutting speed.

FIG. 27 is a graph showing the relationship between flank wear and cutting speed when an underlayer made of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) is provided.

FIG. 28 is a graph showing the relationship between flank wear and cutting speed when an underlayer made of a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) is provided.

FIG. 29 is a graph showing the state of flank wear.

FIG. 30 is a graph showing the state of flank wear.

FIG. 31 is a graph showing the state of flank wear.

FIG. 32 is a side view of an end mill that performs a processing method for performing a cutting process.

FIG. 33 shows x of a material having a composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N.
Is a graph showing the relationship between the value of and the flank wear.

FIG. 34 is a graph showing the relationship between flank wear and cutting speed when an underlayer made of a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) is provided.

FIG. 35 is a graph showing the relationship between flank wear and cutting speed when an underlayer made of a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) is provided.

FIG. 36 is a graph showing the state of flank wear.

FIG. 37 is a graph showing the state of flank wear.

FIG. 38 is a graph showing the state of flank wear.

FIG. 39 is a side view of a drill that performs a processing method for performing a drilling process.

FIG. 40 shows x of a material having a composition of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N.
Is a graph showing the relationship between the value of and the flank wear.

FIG. 41 shows an underlayer u of a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ).
Is a graph showing the relationship between the value of and the flank wear.

FIG. 42 shows an example of u of an underlayer made of a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ).
Is a graph showing the relationship between the value of and the flank wear.

FIG. 43 is a graph showing the state of flank wear.

FIG. 44 is a graph showing the state of flank wear.

FIG. 45 is a graph showing the state of flank wear.

FIG. 46 is a side view of a milling machine for performing a processing method for performing milling.

FIG. 47: x of a material composed of (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) N
Is a graph showing the relationship between the value of and the flank wear.

FIG. 48 is a graph showing the relationship between flank wear and cutting speed when an underlayer composed of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) is provided.

FIG. 49 is a graph showing the state of flank wear.

FIG. 50 is a graph showing the state of flank wear.

FIG. 51 is a graph showing the state of flank wear.

[Explanation of symbols]

 6 Hob 15 Pinion cutter 21 Shaving cutter 31 Annular milling 41 End mill 51 Drill 60 Milling

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) B23F 21/06 B23F 21/06 21/10 21/10 21/12 21/12 21/16 21/16 21 / 28 21/28 B23P 15/14 B23P 15/14 (72) Inventor Yozo Nakamura 130 Rokujizo, Kurito-cho, Kurita-gun, Shiga F-term in Kyoto Heavy Industries, Ltd. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. F-term (reference) 3C025 AA11 AA16 DD07 DD11 EE00 FF03 GG03

Claims (31)

[Claims] 1. A method of machining a gear for forming a tooth profile by using a hob having a blade portion made of high-speed tool steel, wherein the hob is substantially (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.85 0.25 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 At least one film is coated, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer. It is characterized in that a tooth profile is created by dry cutting using a hob provided with a layer of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 and using no cutting oil. Gear processing method. 2. A method of machining a gear for creating a tooth profile using a hob provided with a blade portion made of high-speed tool steel, wherein the hob is substantially (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _{(1 -w)} (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.85 0.25 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55 At least one layer of the film is coated. Using a hob with a layer of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 as a base layer between the base material and cutting without using a cutting fluid A gear processing method characterized in that a tooth profile is created by dry cutting. 3. A method of processing a gear for forming a tooth profile using a hob provided with a blade portion made of a high-speed tool steel, wherein the hob has a nitride-forming element of M, and substantially comprises (Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.85 0.25 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.15 ≤ z ≤ 0.8 0.7 ≤ (z + x) <1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≦ u as a base layer between the base material and at least one layer coated with a film having a composition of 0.55, and further to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer. A gear forming method, wherein a tooth profile is created by dry cutting using a hob provided with a layer having a composition of ≦ 1.0 and using no cutting oil. 4. A method of machining a gear for creating a tooth profile using a gear cutting tool made of high-speed tool steel, wherein the gear cutting tool is substantially (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 At least one layer is coated on at least the flank, and further a base material is used to increase the adhesion of the coating layer. A gear-type cutting tool provided with a layer of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 as a base layer between A gear cutting method, wherein a tooth profile is created by dry cutting. 5. A method of machining a gear for forming a tooth profile using a gear cutting tool made of high-speed tool steel, wherein the gear cutting tool is substantially (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 at least one film is coated on at least the flank, For gear shaving, a layer with a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 is provided as a base layer between the base material and the base material to increase the adhesion of the coating layer. A gear machining method, wherein a tooth profile is created by dry cutting using a tool and without using a cutting fluid. 6. A method of machining a gear for creating a tooth profile using a gear cutting tool made of high-speed tool steel, wherein the gear forming tool has a nitride-forming element of M, Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.1 ≤ z ≤ 0.8 0.7 ≤ (z + x) <1.0 0.45 At least one layer of a film having a composition of ≦ w ≦ 0.55 is coated on at least the flank, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer, substantially Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) Gear processing characterized by creating a tooth profile by dry cutting using a gear type shaving tool provided with a layer of 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 and using no cutting oil Method. 7. A method of machining a gear in which a gear wheel surface is finish-cut using a shaving cutter made of a high-speed tool steel, wherein (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C _{(1 -y)} ) At least one layer of a film having a composition of 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 is coated on at least the tooth surface. Finishing the gear tooth surface by dry cutting, using a shaving cutter provided with a layer of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 and using no cutting oil A gear processing method characterized by performing cutting. 8. A method of machining a gear in which a finish cutting of a gear wheel surface is performed using a shaving cutter made of a high-speed tool steel, the method substantially comprises the steps of: (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _(1-w) ( N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 At least one film is coated on at least the tooth surface, and the adhesion of the coating layer is further increased. Therefore, a shaving cutter provided with a layer of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 as a base layer between the base material and A gear processing method, wherein a finish cutting of a gear tooth surface is performed by dry cutting for cutting. 9. A method for processing a gear in which a gear wheel surface is finish-cut using a shaving cutter made of a high-speed tool steel, wherein the nitride-forming element is M, and substantially (Ti _z Al _x M _{(1 -zx)} ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.1 ≤ z ≤ 0.8 0.7 ≤ (z + x) <1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 at least more membranes, coated on at least the tooth surface, further, as a base layer between the base material in order to increase the adhesion of the coating layer, _{substantially, Ti (N u C (1} -u)) 0.25 A method of processing a gear, comprising: finishing a tooth surface of a gear by dry cutting using a shaving cutter provided with a layer having a composition of ≦ u ≦ 1.0 and using no cutting oil. 10. A method of machining a gear in which a gear wheel surface is finish-cut using a shaving cutter made of high-speed tool steel, wherein (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C _{(1 -y)} ) At least one layer of a film having the composition of 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 is coated on at least the tooth surface, and further as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer. Substantially, using a shaving cutter provided with a layer having a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0, and performing a finish cutting of the gear tooth surface using a water-soluble cutting fluid. Characteristic gear processing method. 11. A method of machining a gear in which a gear wheel surface is finish-cut by using a shaving cutter made of a high-speed tool steel, wherein (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _(1-w) ( N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 At least one film is coated on at least the tooth surface, and the adhesion of the coating layer is further increased. Therefore, a shaving cutter provided with a layer having a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 as an underlayer between the base material and a water-soluble cutting fluid is used. A method of machining a gear, comprising performing finish cutting of a gear tooth surface. 12. A method for machining a gear in which a gear wheel surface is finish-cut using a shaving cutter made of a high-speed tool steel, wherein the nitride-forming element is M, and (Ti _z Al _x M _{(1 -zx)} ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.1 ≤ z ≤ 0.8 0.7 ≤ (z + x) <1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 At least one layer of the film is coated on at least the tooth surface, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material to increase the adhesion of the coating layer, substantially Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 A method for processing a gear, comprising: using a shaving cutter provided with a layer having a composition of ≤ u ≤ 1.0, and performing finish cutting of the gear tooth surface using a water-soluble cutting oil. 13. A method of processing a gear for forming a bevel gear using a spiral bevel gear cutter in which a blade material made of a high-speed tool steel is attached to a cutter body, wherein (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.85 0.2 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 At least one film is coated, and further, a base layer is formed between the film and the base material in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer. Substantially, cutting is performed using a spiral bevel gear cutter equipped with a blade material provided with a layer having a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 without using a cutting fluid. A gear processing method characterized in that a tooth profile is created by dry cutting. 14. A method of processing a gear for creating a bevel gear using a spiral bevel gear cutter in which a blade material made of high-speed tool steel is attached to a cutter body, wherein (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.85 0.2 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55 At least one film is coated, and the adhesion of the coating layer is further reduced. A spiral bevel gear cutter with a blade material provided with a layer of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 as an underlayer between the base material and A gear cutting method, wherein a tooth profile is created by dry cutting in which cutting is performed without using a cutting fluid. 15. A method of processing a gear for creating a bevel gear using a spiral bevel gear cutter in which a blade material made of high-speed tool steel is attached to a cutter body, wherein the nitride-forming element is M, and Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.85 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.15 ≤ z ≤ 0.8 0.7 ≤ (z + x) <1.0 0.45 At least one layer having a composition of ≦ w ≦ 0.55, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer, substantially Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) A gear processing method, wherein a tooth profile is created by dry cutting in which cutting is performed without using a cutting oil using a spiral bevel gear cutter provided with a blade material provided with a layer having a composition of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0. 16. A working method of performing cutting by using an end mill of high-speed tool steel, _{essentially, (Ti (1-x)} Al x) (N y C (1-y)) 0.2 ≦ x ≦ At least one layer of a film having a composition of 0.9 0.5 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 is coated, and as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to increase the adhesion of the coating layer, Ti (N _u C _{(1-u )} ) A machining method characterized in that cutting is performed by dry cutting in which an end mill provided with a layer having a composition of 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0 is used and cutting is performed without using a cutting fluid. 17. A processing method for performing a cutting process using an end mill of a high-speed tool steel, wherein substantially (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.5 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 at least one layer is coated, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer. In addition, using an end mill provided with a layer of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0, the cutting process is performed by dry cutting without using cutting oil. Processing method. 18. A machining method for performing machining using an end mill of a high-speed tool steel, wherein the nitride-forming element is M, and substantially (Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) _{(1-w )} (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.5 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.1 ≤ z ≤ 0.8 0.7 ≤ (z + x) <1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55. As an underlayer between the base material and the base material to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer, an end mill substantially provided with a layer having a composition of Ti ( _{NuC (1-u)} ) 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0 is used. And a cutting method wherein dry cutting is performed without using a cutting fluid. 19. A machining method for performing drilling using a high-speed tool steel drill, wherein (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) 0.3 ≦ x ≦ 0.8 0.6 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 at least one layer is coated, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer, substantially Ti (N _u C _{(1-u )} ) A drilling method using a drill provided with a layer having a composition of 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0, and performing drilling by dry cut in which drilling is performed without using a cutting fluid. 20. A method for drilling using a high-speed tool steel drill, comprising the steps of: (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _(1-w) (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.8 0.6 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 At least one layer is coated, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer. In addition, using a drill provided with a layer with the composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0, drilling is performed by dry cut, which drills without using cutting oil. Processing method. 21. A machining method for performing drilling using a high-speed tool steel drill, wherein M is a nitride-forming element, and substantially (Ti _z Al _x M _(1-zx) ) _{(1-w )} (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.8 0.6 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.2 ≤ z ≤ 0.7 0.7 ≤ (z + x) <1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55. In order to increase the adhesion of the coating layer, a drill having a layer of substantially Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 is used as a base layer between the base material and the base material. A machining method characterized in that drilling is performed by dry cut in which drilling is performed without using a cutting fluid. 22. A machining method for performing cutting or turning using a tool to which a high-speed tool steel indexable insert is attached, substantially comprising: (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) (N _y C _(1-y) ) At least one layer of a film having a composition of 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9 0.5 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 is further coated, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer, , Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 Using dry-cut cutting or turning without using cutting oil, using a tool with a cutaway insert provided with a layer of composition A processing method characterized by performing: 23. A method for performing cutting or turning using a tool to which a high-speed tool steel indexable insert is attached, substantially comprising: (Ti _(1-x) Al _x ) _{(1-w )} (N _y C _(1-y) ) _w 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 0.5 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 0.45 ≤ w ≤ 0.55 At least one film is coated, and further, a base material is used to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer. As a base layer, a tool with a throw-away tip provided with a layer having a composition of Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≤ u ≤ 1.0 is used, and a cutting fluid is used. A machining method characterized in that machining is performed by dry cutting in which cutting or turning is performed without using. 24. A machining method for performing cutting or turning using a tool to which a high speed tool steel indexable insert is attached, wherein the nitride-forming element is M, and substantially (Ti _z Al _x M _{(1-zx)) (1} -w) (N y C (1-y)) w 0.2 ≦ x ≦ 0.9 0.5 ≦ y ≦ 1.0 0.1 ≦ z ≦ 0.8 0.7 ≦ (z + x) <1.0 0.45 ≦ w ≦ 0.55 in At least one film of the composition is coated, and further, as a base layer between the base material and the base material in order to enhance the adhesion of the coating layer, substantially Ti (N _u C _(1-u) ) 0.25 ≦ u ≦ 1.0 A machining method characterized in that machining is performed by dry cutting, in which cutting or turning is performed without using a cutting oil, using a tool to which a throw-away tip provided with a layer having the following composition is attached. 25. Claims 1 to 9 or claim 1
The processing method according to any one of claims 3 to 24, wherein the processing is performed by blowing air to the processing portion. 26. The processing method according to claim 1, wherein the cutting speed is in a range of not less than 60 m / min and not more than 500 m / min. 27. A machining method according to claim 4, wherein the cutting speed is 350 m / min or less. 28. A machining method according to claim 13, wherein the cutting speed is 450 m / min or less. 29. The processing method according to claim 16, wherein the cutting speed is set to 600 m / min or less. 30. The processing method according to claim 19, wherein the cutting speed is 200 m / min or less. 31. The processing method according to claim 22, wherein the cutting speed is set to 600 m / min or less.