JP2000096984A - Shield driving machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a shield driving machine capable of safely and easily performing a change work of a cutter bit in a short time and at a low cost. SOLUTION: In the shield machine a cutter spoke 8 with a cutter bit 7 fit to a cutter face plate 3 is detachably mounted, and the cutter spoke 8 is separated from the cutter face plate 3 to be freely pulled into a cutter chamber 5. Thereby a safe working space is formed between the cutter spoke 8 and the cutter face plate 3, and accordingly the repair and remolding working of the cutter front face part of the exchange or the like of the cutter bit 7 can be safely and easily performed in a short time and at a low cost.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a shield excavator for excavating an underground tunnel, and more particularly to a shield excavator for easily replacing a cutter bit forming a face of the shield excavator. .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 15 shows a conventional shield machine.
This shows a large diameter muddy shield machine. As shown in the figure, in this shield excavator, a cutter chamber c (sediment intake chamber) is formed at a distal end of a cylindrical shield frame a via a partition wall b, and an opening of the cutter chamber c is A disk-shaped cutter face plate d is rotatably provided so as to cover this.

[0003] The bearing f of a plurality of intermediate beams e extending from the cutter face plate d to the partition b is driven by a cutter driving motor g to rotate the cutter face plate d to cut the ground. Chamber c
Is discharged from the mud discharge pipe i together with the muddy water flowing from the mud feed pipe h.

[0004]

By the way, in the conventional shield machine having such a structure, repair and modification of the front surface of the cutter, such as replacement of the cutter bit j of the cutter face plate d worn by cutting, and the like, are required. There is a drawback that it takes a lot of time and effort to perform it.

That is, in order to perform the work of replacing the cutter bit j, a shaft k is excavated from the ground near the shield frame a to form an appropriate work area s in front of the cutter face plate d. Several workers entered the area s from the shaft k to perform bit replacement work from outside the cutter face plate d.

Therefore, in a place where the construction depth is deep, the shaft k
In addition to the fact that it is difficult to install the pit, the excavation work of the shaft k and the ground improvement work of the work area s have the drawback that a large cost and a long construction period are required. Further, in a place where the shaft itself cannot be installed, such as on the sea floor, an auxiliary method such as a freezing method is required, so that there is a problem that the construction period and cost are further increased. Further, since the work is performed outside the shield frame a, there is a possibility that groundwater may accumulate or the ground may collapse during the work, and there is a problem in safety.

Accordingly, the present invention has been devised to effectively solve such problems, and a main object of the present invention is to perform a work for replacing a cutter bit in a short time, at low cost and safely and easily. And to provide a new shield excavator that can perform

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, according to the present invention, a cutter chamber is formed at a front end portion of a shield frame via a partition wall, and a cutter is provided at an opening of the cutter chamber so as to cover the cutter chamber. In a shield excavator rotatably supporting a cutter spoke on which a face plate and a plurality of cutter bits are attached, the cutter spoke has a structure movable in a rotation axis direction with respect to the cutter face plate, and a slit formed in the cutter face plate after the movement is formed. It has a slit opening and closing device.

Therefore, the cutter spoke is separated from the cutter face plate by the spoke retraction device provided on the partition wall and moved so as to be drawn into the cutter chamber, and at the same time, the slit of the cutter face plate is closed by the slit opening / closing means, whereby the cutter face plate is closed. Since a certain work space is formed between the cutter bits and the cutter spokes, the use of this work space makes it possible for a worker to safely and easily replace the cutter bit.

[0010] Therefore, it is not necessary to excavate and form a work area and a shaft for forming the work area around the cutter face plate as in the prior art, and the labor and time required for the replacement work are greatly reduced. can do.

In addition, since the working space is completely partitioned by the cutter frame in the cutter chamber, that is, the periphery thereof is the cutter frame, and the ground side is completely separated by the cutter face plate, the ground collapses and the worker is exposed to danger as in the related art. There is no danger that work can be performed safely at all times.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a shield machine according to the present invention.

As shown in the drawing, a partition wall 2 is provided in a cylindrical shield frame 1 for partitioning the shield frame back and forth, and a front opening of the partition wall 2 covers the shield frame. A disk-shaped cutter face plate 3 is rotatably supported at the center of the partition 2 via a rotary shaft 4.

A cutter chamber 5 consisting of a fixed space is formed between the partition wall 2 and the cutter face plate 3, and the cutter face plate 3 is formed on the cutter face plate 3 by utilizing the characteristics of the muddy water flowing from the mud pipe 6a and the muddy water pressure. In order to stabilize the face face against the acting earth pressure and water pressure, the excavated earth and sand are mixed with muddy water and discharged from the mud drain pipe 6b to the outside.

A radial cutter spoke 8 having a plurality of cutter bits 7, 7,... On the ground side is detachably provided inside the cutter face plate 3, and is rotatable together with the cutter face plate 3. ing.

This cutter spoke 8 is shown in FIGS.
The mounting drum 9 at the center of the cutter face plate 3 as shown in FIG.
A base ring 10 removably fitted into the base ring 10, four spokes 11, 11, 11, 11 extending radially from the base ring 10 in all directions;
11 is formed from an intermediate beam ring 12 connecting the mounting drum 9 and the base ring 10 in a circumferential direction. It is removable inside.

The intermediate beam ring 12 has four
Three through holes 13, 13, 13, 13 are formed,
Four intermediate beams 14, 14, 1 extending from the partition 2 side
4, 14 are penetrated. further,
As shown in FIG. 1, these intermediate beams 14, 14, 1
The rear ends of the members 4 and 14 are fixed to bearings 15 rotatably provided on the partition wall 2 side, and are rotatable together with the bearings 15 in the cutter chamber 5.
The bearing 15 is engaged with pinions 17 of two cutter driving motors 16 and 16 mounted on the upper and lower sides of the partition wall 2.
6 and 16 are rotationally driven.

Therefore, the cutter driving motor 16,
By transmitting the rotational torque by the shaft 16 to the cutter spokes 8 via the bearings 15 and the intermediate beams 14, 14, 14, 14, not only the cutter spokes 8 but also the cutter face plate 3 are driven to rotate at the same time.

As shown in FIG. 2, the cutter face plate 3 extends radially outward to take in excavated earth and sand.
Are formed, and when the cutter spokes 8 are combined with the cutter face plate 3, the slits 18 are passed through the cutter bits 7 attached to the cutter spokes 8 so as to be in front of the cutter face plate 3. To project toward the ground.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a pair of shutters 19, 19 and these shutters 1 are provided on both sides of each of the slits 18, 18, 18, 18.
A slit opening / closing device 20 for slidingly moving 9, 19;
20 are provided in pairs, and the shutter 19 is opened by the slit opening / closing device 20 for each slit 1.
By sliding the slides toward the 8, 18, 18, and 18 sides and adjusting the opening degree of each slit 18 between 0 and 100%, it is possible to prevent face collapse when cutting is stopped and to take in the amount of sediment according to the soil quality. Can be adjusted arbitrarily.

That is, the slit opening / closing device 20
As shown in FIG. 3, it comprises a hydraulic cylinder 20a attached to the cutter face plate 3 side and a cylinder rod 20b attached to the shutter 19 side. Then, the shutter 19 is slid in the direction of the slit 18. These shutters 19 are configured to always reciprocate along a fixed trajectory by a guide or a link mechanism (not shown).
When closed by a sealing member (not shown), intrusion of groundwater or the like can be effectively prevented.

As shown in FIG. 2, four spokes 11, 11, 11, 1 constituting the cutter spoke 8 are provided.
A telescopic device 21 whose length can be freely adjusted is attached to each of the distal end portions.

As shown in FIG.
The spoke 11 includes a hydraulic cylinder 22 housed in the spoke 11 and a telescopic spoke 24 fixed to the tip of a cylinder rod 23 of the hydraulic cylinder 22. It can be freely extended and contracted on the extension line. The hydraulic pressure for driving the hydraulic cylinder 22 and the hydraulic cylinder 20a of the above-described slit opening / closing device 20 is supplied by a hydraulic supply means 25 provided on the partition 2 side as shown in FIG.
, And is supplied via a pressure-resistant hose (not shown) extending toward the cutter spoke 8 through the rotary shaft 4. Further, as shown in FIG.
4 also has a plurality of cutter bits 7,
7 can be detachably attached.

As shown in FIG. 1, a pair of spoke retraction devices 26, 2
6 is provided, and the cutter spokes 8 attached to the cutter face plate 3 are separated from the cutter face plate 3 to separate the partition walls 2.
It is designed to move to the side. That is, the spoke retraction device 26 is composed of a hydraulic cylinder 27 fixed to the partition wall 2 side and a gripping member 28 provided at the tip end of the cylinder rod. After gripping the pair of detachable pieces 29, 29, respectively, the cylinder spokes are extended and retracted so that the cutter spokes 8 are pulled toward the partition 2 side in the cutter chamber 5 or pushed back to the original position. The hydraulic pressure for driving the spoke retraction device 26 is also supplied from the hydraulic pressure supply unit 25 provided on the partition 2 side or another hydraulic supply unit (not shown) provided separately from the hydraulic pressure supply unit, similarly to the expansion and contraction device 21. It has become.

As shown in FIG. 4, the connecting portion between the distal end portion of the shield frame 1 and the peripheral surface portion 3a of the cutter face plate 3 is fitted so as to be vertically overlapped with each other. A seal member 39 having a small frictional resistance is provided, and the gap is effectively sealed to prevent intrusion of groundwater or the like.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 30 denotes a center bit fixed to the center of the cutter face plate 3, reference numeral 31 denotes a stirring blade, reference numeral 32 denotes a man lock for an operator to access the inside of the cutter chamber from the partition wall 2. In the vicinity of the tip of this shield excavator, in addition to the conventional shield excavator, a copy cutter (not shown), an agitator, a movable sled, a penetrating ground exploration device, an ultrasonic ground exploration device,
An earth pressure gauge, a rotation sensor, an additive inlet, a hydraulic supply pipe, an electric signal line, a tail seal filler injection pipe, and the like are provided.

Next, the operation of the shield machine according to the present invention having such a configuration will be described.

First, as shown in FIG.
When the cutter driving motors 16 and 16 are driven to rotate the bearing 15 in a state where the and the cutter spokes 8 are integrated, the rotational torque causes the intermediate beams 14, 14 and 14 to rotate.
The power is transmitted to the cutter spokes 8 via 14 and 14, and this rotates together with the cutter face plate 3 to excavate the ground. The excavated earth and sand is introduced into the cutter chamber 5 through the slits 18, 18, 18, and 18 formed in the cutter face plate 3, and then mixed with the muddy water sent from the mud pipe 6a and the intermediate beam 14 is formed. , 14, 14, 14 and the stirring blade 31 are continuously discharged from the muddy water pipe 6 b while being stirred and fluidized in the cutter chamber 5.

Next, when the cutting bits 7, 7,... Attached to the cutter frame 8 are worn out by performing such excavation, first, the cutter driving motors 16, 16 are stopped and the cutter frame 8, 16 is stopped. After the rotation of the cutter spoke 8 is stopped and the excavation work is temporarily stopped, the respective spoke extension devices 21 at the tip end of the cutter spoke 8 are driven to contract the cutter spoke 8 to engage the extension spoke 24 with the cutter face plate 3. To release.

Next, the cutter spokes 8
When the engagement between the hook and the cutter face plate 3 is released, the detachable pieces 29 and 29 of the cutter spoke 8 are gripped by the gripping members 28 and 28 of the pair of spoke retractors 26 and 26, and then the spoke retractors 26 and 26 are engaged. And pull the cutter spoke 8. Then, as shown in FIG. 5, the cutter spokes 8 are separated from the cutter face plate 3 and only the cutter spokes 8 are retracted so as to slide toward the partition wall 2 so that a certain gap is provided between the cutter face plate 3 and the cutter spokes 8. Is formed.

When such a state is reached, the slit 1 formed in the cutter face plate 3 as shown in FIG.
8, 18, 18 and 18 are shutters 19 and 19, respectively.
To prevent the inflow of earth and sand and groundwater from these slits 18, 18, 18, and 18, the muddy water and earth and sand in the cutter chamber 5 are all removed from the mud drainage pipe 6b.
Thereafter, the worker enters the cutter chamber 5 from the man lock 32, gets over the cutter spokes 8, accesses the space between the cutter face plate 3 and the cutter spokes 8, and uses this space as a work space as shown in FIG. This means that the cutter bits 7, 7,... Attached to the cutter spokes 8 need to be replaced.

The working space thus formed is covered with a robust shield frame 1 and the ground side is closed by the cutter face plate 3. There is no possibility that earth and sand or groundwater due to the collapse of the ground will enter the inside, and the replacement work can be performed safely and reliably.

When the replacement operation of the cutter bits 7, 7,... Is completed, the reverse operation, that is, after the worker goes out of the partition wall 2, the spoke retraction devices 26, 2
6, the cutter spokes 8 are pushed out to the cutter face plate 3 side to be united, and then the worker enters the cutter chamber 5 again to connect the cutter spokes 8 and release the spoke retraction devices 26, 26 to pull them back. After that, the tip of the cutter spoke 8 is extended by each spoke extension device 21 so that the cutter face plate 3
A new excavation operation can be started immediately by engaging with the peripheral edge of.

Therefore, according to the present invention, there is no need to construct a shaft or work area around the cutter face plate 3 and to perform ground improvement work, etc. as in the prior art, and the cutter bits 7, 7 are not required.
Can be greatly reduced in labor, time, and cost required for the replacement work. Since the cutter spoke 8 slides back and forth along the intermediate beams 14, 14, 14, 14 during this replacement work,
When reconnecting with the cutter face plate 3, there is no need to align the shaft cores thereof, and the attachment and detachment work can be performed smoothly.

FIGS. 7 to 14 show another embodiment of the present invention.

First, FIG. 7 shows the rotary shaft 4 of the cutter face plate 3.
Is provided with a temporary spoke support 33 for supporting the cutter spoke 8.

As shown in FIG. 8, the temporary support 33
Four support plates 3 whose corners on the cutter face plate 3 side are chamfered around a cylindrical base 34 located on the outer periphery of the rotating shaft 4.
5, 35, 35, 35 are provided radially along the axial direction of the rotary shaft 4, and the support plates 35, 35 are connected to each other by fan-shaped beam plates 36, respectively.
A disk-shaped stop plate 37 having a larger outer diameter than the support plates 35, 35, 35, 35 is provided on the side.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, when the cutter spoke 8 is pulled out toward the partition wall 2, a part of the load of the cutter spoke 8 can be borne by the temporary support 33, so that the intermediate beam 14 , 14, 14, 14, and the bearing 15 and the like can be reduced. That is, in the above-described embodiment, when the cutter spoke 8 is pulled in, the total load of the cutter spoke 8 is increased by the intermediate beams 14, 14, 14, 14.
In some cases, the load may cause the intermediate beams 14, 14, 14, 14 to bend downward, causing an axial deviation. However, as in the present embodiment, the rotation of the cutter face plate 3 is considered. If the shaft 4 is provided with the spoke temporary receiving base 33, a part of the load is transmitted to the cutter face plate 3 side via the spoke temporary receiving base 33.
The burden on 4, 14, 14, etc. can be reduced, and inconveniences such as axis deviation can be prevented beforehand.

FIG. 9 shows an intermediate beam 14 for transmitting a rotational torque formed in an extendable telescopic shape, and the above-described spoke retraction device 26 is accommodated in the intermediate beam 14 so as to be extendable and retractable. .

That is, in the present embodiment, the spoke retraction device 26 and the intermediate beam 14, which are separately and independently provided in the above embodiment, are integrally formed. Therefore, according to the configuration of the present embodiment, the inside of the cutter chamber 5 is widened, so that the worker can easily access and the like, and the spoke retraction device 2 is provided.
Since 6 is protected by the intermediate beam 14, it is possible to effectively prevent adverse effects due to sludge or the like.

FIG. 10 shows a modification of the present embodiment using a center shaft system. That is, in the present embodiment, the spoke retracting device 26 is provided near the rotary shaft 4 of the cutter face plate 3, and the periphery of the spoke retracting device 26 is covered with the telescopic protection cylinder 41 together with the rotary shaft 4. With such a configuration, the same effect as that of FIG. 9 can be obtained.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 11, if the end portions of the intermediate beams 14, 14, 14, 14 are directly extended and directly connected to the cutter face plate 3 side, as shown in FIG.
In addition to the load dispersing effect shown in FIG. 7, the rotational torque can be directly transmitted not only to the cutter spokes 8 but also to the cutter face plate 3 side. Can also be reduced.

Further, as shown in FIG. 12, if the scaffold plate 42 and the like are mounted at positions where the cutter spokes 8 of the cutter face plate 3 do not interfere, even if the diameter of the shield frame 1 is large, the work can be performed. There is no need to carry and build a gantry or the like into the space, and the work efficiency can be further improved.

As a method of routing a hydraulic cable, a hose, or the like extending toward the cutter spoke 8 from the partition 2 side, a cable 40 or the like is allowed to pass through the rotating shaft 4 with an extra length as shown in FIG. The movement of the cutter spokes 8 can be restricted by using a so-called cable bear system as described above, or a cable reel system having a reel 44 in a storage chamber 43 in and around the rotating shaft 4 as shown in FIG. The cable 40 can be routed without any trouble.

It is needless to say that each of these various embodiments may be independently adopted, but it is needless to say that they may be optimally combined as needed. In the above embodiment, the center bit 30 provided at the center of the cutter face plate 3 cannot be replaced. However, the center portion of the cutter face plate 3 has a small sliding distance and hardly wears. This center bit 3
Zeros need hardly be replaced. In addition, when a ground improvement such as a chemical liquid injection method is performed on the ground side to prevent the collapse of the ground and the seepage of groundwater to some extent, it is also possible to omit the seal material and the seal of the shutter 19. .

[0047]

In summary, according to the present invention, the following excellent effects can be exhibited.

(1) It is not necessary to form a shaft or a work area outside the cutter face plate at the time of repairing or remodeling the front surface of the cutter such as replacement of the cutter bit, so that the labor, cost and time required for the work are greatly reduced. Can be reduced and shortened.

(2) Therefore, it is possible to greatly contribute to shortening the construction period and cost of the entire excavation operation.

(3) Since the work space is formed by the shield frame and the cutter face plate and is secured safely, there is no possibility of earth and sand collapsing, and the replacement work can be performed safely and securely.

(4) There is no restriction on the location, the number of times of replacement and the time of repair and remodeling work on the front surface of the cutter such as replacement of the cutter bit, so that a highly reliable shield method can be provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an embodiment of a shield machine according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line XX in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view showing the vicinity of the tip of a cutter spoke in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged view showing a portion A in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a state where only the cutter spokes are moved to the partition wall side from the state of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram showing a state where a worker is performing a bit replacement work.

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view showing another embodiment of the shield machine according to the present invention.

8 is a view taken in the direction of arrows XX in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a partially enlarged longitudinal sectional view showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a partially enlarged longitudinal sectional view showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a partially enlarged longitudinal sectional view showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a partially enlarged longitudinal sectional view showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a method of routing a cable or the like.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a method of routing a cable or the like.

FIG. 15 is a conceptual diagram showing a conventional bit exchange operation state.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shield frame 2 Partition wall 3 Cutter face plate 4 Rotating axis 5 Cutter chamber 7 Cutter bit 8 Cutter spoke 14 Intermediate beam 16 Cutter driving motor 18 Slit 19 Shutter 20 Slit opening and closing device 21 Spoke extension device 24 Telescopic spoke 26 Spoke retraction device 33 Spoke temporary Cradle 41 Protective cylinder 42 Scaffold

Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Yoshihiko Tabata 1 Higashi-Shinmachi, Higashi-ku, Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture Inside Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. 72) Inventor Koji Yamada 1 Higashi-Shinmachi, Higashi-ku, Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture Inside Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. (72) Inventor Takashi Ranage 11-1, Kitahama-cho, Chita City, Aichi Prefecture Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. Person Yuji Sakuma 11-1 Kitahama-cho, Chita City, Aichi Prefecture Inside the Aichi Plant, Harima Heavy Industries, Ltd. (72) Inventor Yuzuru Yoshida 11-1, Kitahama-cho, Chita City, Aichi Prefecture F-term in the Aichi Plant, Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. 2D054 BA04 BA25 BB02 BB07

Claims (6)

[Claims] A cutter chamber is formed at a tip end of a shield frame via a partition, and a cutter spoke having a cutter face plate and a plurality of cutter bits is rotatably mounted on an opening of the cutter chamber so as to cover the cutter chamber. In a supported shield excavator, the cutter spoke is configured to be movable in a rotation axis direction with respect to a cutter face plate, and a slit opening / closing device for closing a slit generated in the cutter face plate after the movement is provided. . 2. The shield machine according to claim 1, further comprising a spoke extending / contracting device that can be extended / contracted in a radial direction at an end of the cutter spoke. 3. A temporary cradle for supporting the cutter spokes coaxially with the cutter face plate when the cutter spokes are drawn into the rotary shaft of the cutter face plate. The shield machine described. 4. The cutter spoke is rotatably supported via a plurality of intermediate beams extending from the partition wall side, the intermediate beams are formed to be expandable and contractable, and the spoke retracting device is accommodated in the intermediate beams. The shield machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: 5. The cutter spoke is rotatably supported via a center shaft extending from the partition wall side so as to surround the rotation axis of the cutter face plate, and the center shaft is formed to be extendable and contractable. The shield machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the spoke retraction device is accommodated in the shield excavator. 6. The shield machine according to claim 1, wherein a temporary scaffold is provided on the cutter face plate.