JP2000024872A - Fluid injection method by multiple nozzles - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To jet a fluid by selectively switching a plurality of nozzles arranged on the outer periphery of a main spindle. SOLUTION: A plurality of nozzles 10 are arranged on the outer periphery of a tool T and connected to a fluid supply source 20 through the respective switching valves V1, V2, V3, V4, and one or a plurality of nozzles 10 are selectively controlled to open and jet a fluid. In this fluid injection method by a plurality of nozzles, jet of the nozzles N1, N2, N3, N4 is selected to jet the fluid from one or a plurality of nozzles positioned on the large space side in addition to a machining point generated between a workpiece and a tool T when the tool T cuts into the workpiece. The fluid can therefore be selectively injected from the optimum directions of a plurality of nozzles arranged on the outer periphery of a main spindle.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an injection nozzle for jetting a coolant, a non-combustible gas or the like to a tool edge mounted on a machine tool such as a machining center, a milling machine, a gear cutting machine, a lathe, a grinding machine, and the like. For example, the present invention relates to a fluid ejection method for selectively ejecting a plurality of nozzles arranged on the outer periphery of a spindle.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a cooling method for a tool mounted on a main shaft of a machine tool is performed by injecting a cutting fluid (coolant liquid) from a nozzle toward a tool tip, thereby reducing friction at the tool tip and suppressing temperature rise. Efficient cutting and longer tool life.

In the method of cooling a tool using the above-mentioned cutting fluid (coolant fluid), sludge treatment is necessary, and since this sludge contains decaying cutting fluid, it becomes difficult to treat the waste fluid. Also, cutting fluid (coolant fluid)
Since the liquid is recirculated and reused, the liquid temperature gradually rises, and the rise in the liquid temperature causes thermal expansion of each part of the machine, which is one of the causes of impairing the processing accuracy.

[0004]

Therefore, recently, a method of cooling low-temperature air and a method of injecting non-combustible gas to a processing point have been proposed. The injection method using the nonflammable gas has an advantage that oxidation of the processing point can be prevented and danger of ignition due to oil mist can be prevented. However, if the direction of the injection nozzle is correctly injected to the processing point of the nonflammable gas, and if the atmosphere and the predetermined concentration of the nonflammable gas are not secured at this processing point, oxidation of the processing point and abrasion of the cutting edge are promoted. In addition, there is a problem that good processing of the finished surface cannot be performed. That is to say, if non-combustible gas is sprayed widely around the processing point with a plurality of nozzles, the consumption of non-combustible gas is high, which not only increases running costs but also increases non-combustible gas equipment costs. It develops into the problem of inviting.

The present invention has been made in view of the problem of injecting nonflammable gas and the like by the above-mentioned injection nozzle, and provides a fluid injection method for selectively switching and ejecting a plurality of nozzles arranged on the outer periphery of a main shaft. The purpose is to:

[0006]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a plurality of nozzles are arranged on an outer periphery of a tool, and the plurality of nozzles are connected to a fluid supply via respective on-off valves, and one or more nozzles are provided. In the fluid injection method using a plurality of nozzles for selectively controlling the opening of the plurality of nozzles, the selection of the ejection of the nozzles includes a process point generated between the work and the tool when the tool is cut into the work, and a method for selecting one of the nozzles located on a wide space side. Alternatively, a fluid ejection method using a plurality of nozzles, characterized in that the fluid is ejected from a plurality of nozzles.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, a plurality of nozzles are arranged on an outer periphery of a tool, and the plurality of nozzles are connected to a fluid supply via respective on-off valves, and one or more nozzles are selectively provided. In the fluid ejection method using a plurality of nozzles for controlling the opening, a switching point for switching the opening and closing of nozzles adjacent to each other is divided and arranged near an intermediate portion between the two nozzles. .

[0008]

According to the first aspect, a plurality of nozzles are arranged on the outer periphery of the tip end surface of the tool.
Since one or a plurality of nozzles located on the wide space side are selected and the on-off valve is opened to perform fluid injection, non-combustible gas and the like are efficiently injected and supplied from the wide space side in addition to the cutting edge and the processing point.

According to the second aspect, the switching point for switching the opening and closing of the nozzles adjacent to each other is divided and arranged near the intermediate portion between the two nozzles, so that the injection range per one nozzle of the four nozzles is 90 degrees. The NC program for nozzle switching can be performed simply.

[0010]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fluid ejection method using a plurality of nozzles according to the present invention.

First, a description will be given of a plurality of nozzles 10 in an apparatus 100 for implementing the fluid ejection method shown in FIGS. The plurality of nozzles 10 are tapered holes 3 of the main shaft 3 of the machine tool.
A mounting ring 5 is attached to the distal end surface 1A of the spindle head 1 at the outer peripheral position of the tool (blade) T to be inserted into A. The mounting ring 5 has, for example, mounting holes 5A through which bolts B are passed in four places, and four nozzle pipes N
Four through holes 5B for screwing 1, N2, N3, and N4 are formed. Of course, the number of nozzle tubes is 3, 5, 6,
The number may be arbitrary, such as eight or eight.

The plurality of nozzles 10 are made of a copper pipe, an aluminum pipe, a plastic pipe, or the like.
Injection ports n are formed at 2, N3 and N4. The opening direction of each injection port n is adjusted and set such that the injection direction of the non-combustible gas G or the like is directed to each tip on the outer periphery of the tool T. Each of the nozzle tubes N1, N2, N
3, N4 are pipes P1, P2 connected to four through holes 5B.
P3 and P4 are the respective electromagnetic on-off valves V1, V2, V3
V 4, and connected to one supply source 20 by a pipe 21.

The one supply source 20 and the four on-off valves V
1, V2, V3, V4 and four nozzle tubes N1, N2,
As shown in FIG. 3, the control relationship between N3 and N4 is to switch and supply the fluid of the supply source to one nozzle pipe selected by the selection function switch S. This specific circuit is shown in FIG. The selection of the ejection of the fluid L is performed by selecting the nozzles N1 and N1 located on the cutting side K (shown in FIGS.
2, N3 and N4 are operated such that one or more of the on-off valves V1, V2, V3 and V4 are opened according to an opening command e.

An opening command e (e) of the on-off valves V1, V2, V3, V4 for opening and closing the nozzle tubes N1, N2, N3, N4.
1, e2, e3, e4) use the M code (auxiliary command function) of the NC control device. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, M301 = opening command e1 for opening the nozzle N1, M302 = opening command e2 for opening the nozzle N2, M303 = opening command e3 for opening the nozzle N3, and M304 = nozzle N4. An opening command e4 for opening is obtained. Therefore, in the NC program (operation example) Po,
"M301, M3" which is the M code (auxiliary command function)
02, M303, M304 "as appropriate.
Cutting side K of tool T into workpiece (shown in FIGS. 6, 7, and 8)
Valve V of nozzles N1, N2, N3, N4 located at
1, V2, V3, and V4 to open command e (e1, e
2, e3, e4).

Further, when the tool is cut into the work, the NC program (operation example) Po is designed so that one or a plurality of nozzles located on a wide space side can be jetted in addition to a processing point generated between the work and the tool. , "M301, M302, M303, M"
304 "is inserted as appropriate.

The plurality of nozzles 10 are connected to a supply source 20 of a nonflammable gas such as a nitrogen gas and a carbon dioxide gas by a pipe 21. A fully-closed splash guard is surrounded on the outer periphery of the main shaft 3 of the machine tool to prevent the non-combustible gas G ejected from the plurality of nozzles 10 from leaking to the outside, and to actively use the suction recovery device. It is designed to be collected.

[0017] The fluid ejecting apparatus 1 having a plurality of nozzles 10 according to the present invention.
00 is configured as described above, and the non-combustible gas is injected as described below. The plurality of nozzles 10 mounted on the main shaft 3 of a machine tool or the like have normally open / closed valves V1, V2, V
The non-combustible gas G is supplied from the supply source 20 via 3 and V4. As the supply pressure, an optimal pressure suitable for the workpiece W and the tool T is supplied within a range of 1 to ²⁰ kg / cm ² . The injection temperature is also adjusted to an appropriate temperature in the range from room temperature to 150 ° C. below zero.

In the above state, when performing pocket machining on the workpiece W in FIG. 6, island machining on the workpiece W in FIG. 7, and side machining on the workpiece W in FIG.
With the rotation of, the cutting edge of the tool T starts processing the work W. The on-off valves V1, V of the nozzles N1, N2, N3, N4 located on the cutting side K of the tool T into the work W.
2, V3, and V4 are opened according to an opening command e (e1, e2, e3, e4) programmed in advance.
Thereby, the nozzle N located on the cutting side K of the tool T
A fluid such as a non-combustible gas is injected from one of N1, N2, N3, and N4.

That is, as shown in FIG. 5, M301 = no opening command e1 for opening the nozzle N1, M302 = no opening command e2 for opening the nozzle N2, M303 = no opening command e3 for opening the nozzle N3. , M304 = open command e4 for opening the nozzle N4. This gives N
In the C program (operation example) Po, the M code (auxiliary command function) “M301, M302, M30”
3, M304 "as appropriate, so that the on-off valves V1, V2 of the nozzles N1, N2, N3, N4 located on the cutting side K of the tool T into the workpiece W (shown in FIGS. 6, 7, 8). V
3 and V4 are sequentially switched according to the opening command e to perform the opening operation. Finally, all nozzles N1,
N2, N3, and N4 are closed, and the work processing is completed.

Of course, the nozzles N1, N2, N3, N
The switching of the on-off valves V1, V2, V3, and V4 of the No. 4 is preferably performed on / off control so that the two nozzles are overlapped (simultaneously ejected) and fluid is ejected where the tool movement trajectory is curved. .

By the way, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, when there is a groove (pocket) W2 at the location of the upper surface W1 of the work W ', an appropriate control of the nozzle ejection direction is performed. That is,
When the cutting direction (d) of the tool T is sent in a direction orthogonal to the narrow groove (pocket) W2, the tool T enters deeply into the narrow groove (pocket) W2, and the workpiece W ′ and the tool T Injection from the nozzle N1 to the processing point is impossible. In a state where the tool T is deeply inserted into the groove (pocket) W2, as shown in FIG.
The nozzles N2 and N4 in two directions are opened, and the ejection of the fluid is controlled from these nozzles.

That is, when a three-dimensional model is considered,
Depending on the model shape, it is not limited to the direction of the nozzle N1 to the processing point of the workpiece W 'and the tool T, and the fluid ejection from the side where the space becomes large may work more effectively. This example is shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 described above. As described with reference to FIG. 5, the control of jetting the fluid of the nozzle can be freely commanded from the NC program.

As described above, since a plurality of nozzles are arranged on the outer periphery of the tip surface of the tool and only the nozzles facing the processing point of the tool are selected and the on-off valve is opened and injected, non-combustible gas and the like are not applied to the cutting edge. In addition to this processing point, the fluid ejection from the side where the space becomes wider as required works more effectively. As a result, a fluid such as a non-combustible gas is efficiently injected and supplied to a required location.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
For example, the selection of each nozzle and the opening / closing operation thereof are performed in the NC program (operation example) Po by using the M code (auxiliary command function) “M301, M302, M303, M3”.
Although "04" is manually inserted as appropriate, the M code can be embedded in the NC data with software dedicated to embedding, in order to save the labor and to ensure the high-speed processing. The principle of operation is to analyze the NC program in each row with dedicated software to obtain a vector, and embed an appropriate M code in accordance with the direction of the vector.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG.
In the two-side machining described above, a method of ejecting fluid from a plurality of nozzles will be described for an arc surface (R surface) of a side surface machining composed of an X surface and a Y surface. At the time of processing the X surface, the nozzle N2 opens. The arc surfaces of the X and Y surfaces are controlled so that the nozzle N2 is open in the first half up to 45 ° and the nozzle N3 is open in the second half up to 90 °.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiment in a machine tool such as an upper machining center and a milling machine, the present invention can be similarly applied to a machine tool such as a gear cutting machine, a lathe and a grinding machine. Further, the plurality of nozzles may be provided with an automatic avoiding means for avoiding a position that does not hinder the tool change when the tool T is changed by the automatic changing device.

[0027]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a plurality of nozzles are arranged on the outer periphery of the tip end surface of the tool. In addition to the cutting edge and this processing point, non-flammable gas etc. can effectively perform fluid injection from the side where wide space is required, and the effect of efficiently injecting and supplying fluid such as non-combustible gas to the required location is exhibited. .

According to the second aspect, the switching point for switching the opening and closing of the nozzles adjacent to each other is divided and arranged in the vicinity of an intermediate portion between the two nozzles. The effect is that the NC program for nozzle switching can be performed simply.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of the vicinity of a main shaft provided with a multiple nozzle fluid ejection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows the embodiment of the present invention and is a perspective view of a fluid ejection device.

FIG. 3 shows the embodiment of the present invention and is a principle diagram of nozzle switching.

FIG. 4 is a front view illustrating an embodiment of the present invention and specifically illustrating switching of nozzles.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an NC program for performing nozzle switching according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of pocket machining by the fluid ejection method of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a plan view of island processing by the fluid ejection method of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of side processing by the fluid ejection method of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of groove processing by the fluid ejection method of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a plan view of groove processing by the fluid ejection method of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a plan view of an arc surface processing by the fluid ejection method of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

Reference Signs List 1 spindle head 1A tip end surface 3 spindle 5 mounting ring 10 plural nozzles 20 supply source 21 piping 100 fluid ejection device d cutting direction of tool e (e1, e2, e3, e4) opening command G noncombustible gas N1, N2, N3 , N4 Nozzle tube M301, M302, M303, M304 M code P1, P2, P3, P4 Piping V1, V2, V3, V4 On-off valve T Tool (blade) W, W 'Work W1 Plane W2 Groove

Claims (2)

[Claims] A plurality of nozzles are arranged on an outer periphery of a tool, and the plurality of nozzles are connected to a fluid supply source via respective on-off valves, and the plurality of nozzles selectively control opening of one or more nozzles. In the fluid ejection method, the selection of ejection of the nozzle may be performed by performing ejection from one or more nozzles located on a wide space side, in addition to a processing point generated between the work and the tool when the tool is cut into the work. Nozzle fluid ejection method. 2. A plurality of nozzles are arranged on an outer periphery of a tool, wherein the plurality of nozzles are connected to a fluid supply source via respective on-off valves, and the plurality of nozzles selectively control opening of one or more nozzles. A fluid injection method for a plurality of nozzles, wherein a switching point for switching between adjacent nozzles is divided and arranged near an intermediate portion between the two nozzles.