JP2000024594A - Separator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a separator which can simply and steadily separate a mixture consisting of different kinds of materials into its constituent materials. SOLUTION: A separator is so designed that a mixture G consisting of different kinds of materials is smashed, disturbed, and then broken into smaller particles by the rotary power of a main cylinder 8 having a disturbing member 8a on the peripheral surface, and dropped forcedly into a mainframe 1, in which a negative pressure is generated. As a result, the mixture G is spread over a wide range of the mainframe 1 when it drops into the mainframe 1 and the constituent materials can be individually recovered based on the difference in the density of constituent materials.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a separation apparatus which separates materials constituting a raw material from raw materials in which different materials are mixed, so that they can be collected separately.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, interest in waste disposal and environmental protection has been increasing worldwide. Among these issues, especially the recycling issue is strongly shouted. For this reason, in the last few years, particularly in the collection of beverage containers and waste paper, the collection rate has been significantly improved.

The above-mentioned beverage containers (especially glass bottles and cans)
After they are collected and washed, they can be used as they are, or the collected ones can be dissolved and then formed into a predetermined shape for use. Therefore, these can be recycled relatively easily. However, it is very difficult to recycle a polymer compound made of various materials (for example, synthetic resin in which different materials are mixed in a granular form, or a fiber-containing hose in which another material is mixed with synthetic resin). The reason is that when recycling a polymer compound, it is difficult to recycle as a product unless it is separated for each material.

[0004]

However, it is very difficult and almost impossible to separate a high molecular compound by the conventional technique. Therefore, when recycling a container made of a polymer compound, the only option is to wash the product and use it as it is, or incinerate it or dispose of it as garbage.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to make it possible to surely separate a material constituting a raw material from a raw material in which a plurality of different materials are mixed. An object of the present invention is to provide a separation device.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a raw material is forcibly moved downward by a rotating force of a rotating body having a plurality of turbulent portions formed on an outer periphery. The gist of the present invention is to provide a transporting unit for dropping, and a receiving unit for receiving the raw material dropped from the transporting unit.

In the second invention, the conveying means for forcibly dropping the raw material downward by the rotational force of the rotating body having a plurality of turbulence portions formed on the outer periphery, and the raw material dropped from the conveying means. The gist of the invention is to provide a suction means for sucking, and a receiving means arranged below the transport means for receiving the raw material not sucked by the suction means.

[0008] In the third aspect of the present invention, the conveying means for forcibly dropping the raw material downward by the rotational force of a rotating body having a plurality of disturbing portions formed on the outer periphery, and the raw material is disposed below the conveying means. The gist of the invention is to provide a receiving means for receiving the raw material falling from the transporting means, and a spraying means arranged above the receiving means and for blowing the raw material falling from the transporting means to the side.

[0009]

According to the first aspect, for example, a raw material in which a plurality of materials are mixed is forcibly dropped downward by the rotational force of the rotating body of the conveying means. At this time, the raw material is beaten and disturbed by the disturbing portion formed on the outer periphery of the rotating body, and is further divided, so that the raw material having a high specific gravity falls into the receiving means in the falling raw material, The raw material is recovered by the receiving means.

According to the second aspect, the raw material in which a plurality of materials are mixed is forcibly conveyed downward by the rotating force of the rotating body of the conveying means. At this time, the raw material is beaten and disturbed by the disturbing portion formed on the outer periphery of the rotating body, and is further divided, so that the raw material having a high specific gravity falls into the receiving means in the falling raw material, The raw material is recovered by the receiving means. In addition, the raw material of the material having a low specific gravity is sucked by the suction means and collected without falling into the receiving means.

According to the third aspect, the raw material in which a plurality of materials are mixed is forcibly conveyed downward by the rotating force of the rotating body of the conveying means. At this time, the raw material is beaten and disturbed by the disturbing portion formed on the outer periphery of the rotating body, and is further divided, so that the raw material having a high specific gravity falls into the receiving means in the falling raw material, The raw material is recovered by the receiving means. In addition, the raw material of the material having a low specific gravity is collected by being sprayed to the side by the spraying means without falling to the receiving means.

[0012]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS (First Embodiment) A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the main frame 1 is formed in a box shape having an open upper surface. An air inlet 1a is formed in the upper rear surface of the main frame 1. A net-shaped safety cover 16 is attached to the air inlet 1a. The first shaft 2 is rotatably supported via bearings 3 on both upper surfaces of the main frame 1. The input pulley 4 is fixed to the left end side of the first shaft 2 in FIG. 2, and the drive pulley 5 is fixed to the right end side of the first shaft 2 in the drawing. The drive pulley 5 is operatively connected to a main motor 7 via a belt 6.

A main cylinder 8 as a rotating body is fixed to the first shaft 2 and rotates clockwise in FIG. 1 with the driving of the main motor 7. On the outer peripheral surface of the main cylinder 8, a plurality of blades 8a are provided as projections. A second shaft 9 is rotatably supported via a bearing 10 on the upper surface of the main frame 1 on the rear side (the right side in FIG. 1) of the main cylinder 8. A sub-cylinder 11 smaller in diameter than the main cylinder 8 is fixedly supported on the second shaft 9. This sub cylinder 11
A plurality of blade bodies 11a as a disturbing portion which are alternately engaged with the blade body 8a of the main cylinder 8 are provided on an outer peripheral surface of the main body 8. Also, on the right end side of the second shaft 9,
The pulley 12 is fixedly supported.

The cover 13 is fixed to the upper surface of the main frame 1 so as to cover the main cylinder 8. A supply port 14 is formed in an upper part of the cover 13. A duct connection port 15 is formed at the front of the cover 13. A hopper 17 for accommodating the granular raw material G before separation is connected and fixed to the supply port 14 of the cover 13. In the vicinity of the supply port 14, a stirring shaft 18 in which a plurality of pins 18 a are radially provided is rotatably supported inside the hopper 17. This stirring shaft 1
At the right end of 8, a pulley 19 is fixedly supported.

A partition plate 13a is formed between the supply port 14 of the cover 13 and the duct connection port 15 to prevent the raw material G stored in the hopper 17 from overflowing to the duct connection port 15 side. Have been.

A drive pulley 5 fixedly supported on the first shaft 2, a pulley 12 fixedly supported on the second shaft 9, a pulley 19 fixedly supported on the stirring shaft 18,
Furthermore, a pulley 20 supported on the upper surface of the main frame 1
Are connected by a belt 21. Accordingly, each pulley 5, 12, 19, 20 rotates at the same timing as the main motor 7 is driven. 1, only the pulley 12 fixedly supported by the second shaft 9 is in contact with the outer surface of the belt 21. That is, only the sub-cylinder 11 rotates counterclockwise differently from the other pulleys.

A first passage 2 is provided in the main frame 1.
2, a second passage 23 and a third passage 25 are defined. The first passage 22 communicates with a receiving passage 26 as a receiving unit that penetrates in a left-right direction at a lower portion of the main frame 1. A screw conveyor 28 that is rotated by a motor 27 is accommodated in the receiving passage 26.

An intermediate collection duct 29 is connected to the end of the second passage 23. This intermediate collection duct 2
The tip of 9 protrudes from the main frame 1 and is connected to an intermediate suction device B1 outside the main frame 1. An opening 30 is formed in the upper surface of the intermediate collection duct 29. The opening 30 is opened and closed and the opening area is changed by sliding a lid 31.

The third passage 25 is formed by the partition plate 24 and the main cylinder 8. The outlet of the passage 25 is the duct connection port 15 of the cover 13. A light-weight collection duct 32 is connected to the end of the duct connection port 15. The lightweight material collection duct 32 is formed to be longer than the entire length of the intermediate material collection duct 32, and the leading end thereof is connected to the lightweight material suction machine B2. On the upper surface of the lightweight object collection duct 32, two open windows 33 are formed in front and back, and the open window 33 is opened and closed by sliding a lid 34, and the opening area changes. .

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, on both side walls of the main frame 1 above the first passage 22,
A bracket 36 (only one is shown) having a long hole 35 is fastened and fixed by a bolt 37. Both brackets 36
Are connected by a pin 38 at the front thereof.
A separation plate 39 bent in a V-shape is fixed to the pin 38. The separation plate 39 is connected to the first passage 22.
And the second passage 23 with a branch point P therebetween. By loosening the bolt 37, the fixing position of the bracket 37 can be changed. With these brackets 36, bolts 37 and separation plates 39,
A fall amount adjusting unit and a suction force adjusting unit are configured.

Next, a description will be given of the operation of the above separation apparatus for separating the granular raw material G, in which polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and further polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are mixed, into individual materials. .

First, the particle size of the raw material G, which has been pulverized into granules, is sorted into large and small by a dedicated particle size sorter. After that, the raw materials G sorted into large and small are individually stored in the hopper 17. Then, the respective suction machines B1, B2 and the main motor 7 are driven, and the respective cylinders 8, 11 and the stirring shaft 1 are driven.
Rotate 8. At this time, due to the rotation of the stirring shaft 18, the granular raw material G in the hopper 17 smoothly falls from the supply port 14 into the cover 13 by a fixed amount and falls onto the main cylinder 8. At this time, a negative pressure is generated in the main frame 1 by the suction force of the suction machines B1 and B2.

When the raw material G falls on the main cylinder 8, the raw material G is strongly beaten and disturbed by the blade 8 a provided on the outer peripheral surface of the main cylinder 8. At this time, different materials (for example, P
P and PS) are separated by the impact struck against the blade body 8a, and are separated for each material different to some extent.

Thereafter, the raw material G moves toward the sub-cylinder 11 with the rotation of the main cylinder 8, passes between the main cylinder 8 and the sub-cylinder 11, and drops vigorously from between them. Since the sub-cylinder 11 is rotated in the opposite direction to the main cylinder 8, when the raw material G passes between the main cylinder 8 and the sub-cylinder 11, it falls into the main frame 1 vigorously. Thereby, the raw material G is diffused over a wide range.

When the raw material G is dropped on the main frame 1, the material having the highest specific gravity, that is, PVC (specific gravity 1.3) in the raw material G, based on the specific gravity difference, is supplied to the first passage 22.
From the screw conveyor 28. The PVC that has fallen onto the screw conveyor 28 is transported to the right side in FIG. 2 by the screw conveyor 28 and stored in a predetermined storage chamber (not shown).

On the other hand, PP (specific gravity 0.93) and PS (specific gravity 1.05) do not fall onto the screw conveyor 28 because they are lower than the specific gravity of PVC. That is, PP
And PS are sucked toward the front side of the main frame 1 by passing between the main cylinder 8 and the separation plate 39 by the suction force of the suction machines B1 and B2. After the raw material G in which two kinds of PP and PS are mixed passes between the main cylinder 8 and the separation plate 39, PP and PS are further separated. That is, PP
The PS having a higher specific gravity is sucked into the second suction device B2 from the intermediate collection duct 29 via the second passage 23. Here, the raw material G that has not been sucked into the intermediate product suction machine B1, that is, the lightest PP, rises in the third passage 25, is sucked from the lightweight product collection duct 32 into the lightweight product suction machine B2, and is collected. You.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the configuration is such that the granular raw material G in which different materials are mixed is vigorously dropped into the main frame 1 where negative pressure is generated by the rotational force of the main cylinder 8. Thereby, when the raw material G falls into the main frame 1, the raw material G is diffused over a wide range. After that, it was configured to separate and collect each material based on the difference in specific gravity of each material.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the separate collection of different materials can be easily and reliably performed. As a result, what is conventionally incinerated or disposed of as garbage can be recycled in the present embodiment, which can further contribute to improving the global environment.

Further, in this embodiment, it is possible to easily adjust the negative pressure in the main frame 1 without adjusting the suction force of the suction machines B1 and B2. That is, it becomes possible by adjusting the distance between the main cylinder 8 and the separation plate 39 and the angle of the separation plate 39. For example, when the position of the separation plate 39 is as shown in FIG. 4, the distance between the main cylinder 8 and the separation plate 39 is wider than in the state of FIG.
Is lower than the negative pressure in FIG. In addition, by adjusting the position of the separation plate 39, the amount of the raw material G separated into the first passage 22 and the second passage 23 can be adjusted.

When adjusting the position of the separating plate 39, first, the bolt 37 is loosened. Thus, the bracket 36 can move along the bolt 37. That is,
The position of the separation plate 39 can be adjusted. Then, after moving the separation plate 39 to a desired position, the bolts 37 are tightened again, whereby the separation plate 39 is positioned.

As a result, the negative pressure in the main frame 1 can be adjusted. When adjusting a delicate negative pressure, the cutout windows 30, 33 formed in the ducts 29, 32 are used.
By changing the opening area of, it is possible to finely adjust the negative pressure.

(Second Embodiment) Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In this embodiment, the same members as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the detailed description is omitted for convenience of explanation.

As shown in FIG. 6, a first receiving chamber 41 and a second receiving chamber 4 as receiving means are provided in the main frame 1.
The second and third receiving chambers 43 are defined in the front-rear direction, and the upper portions thereof are in communication. An air outlet 44 is formed in the upper rear surface of the main frame 1. A filter 45 is mounted on the upper surface of the main frame 1 above the third receiving chamber 43. A blower 46 as a blowing means is attached and fixed to the air outlet 44.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.
In this embodiment, the fibers of the fiber-containing hose and the synthetic resin (PV
The operation when separating and recovering S) will be described. First, the granular raw material G is stored in the hopper 17, and then the main motor 7 and the blower 46 are driven. Then
As in the first embodiment, the raw material G is placed on the main cylinder 8.
Falls. At this time, the raw material G is strongly beaten and disturbed by the blade body 8 a as a disturbing portion formed on the outer peripheral surface of the main cylinder 8, and the fibers attached to the PVS are separated from the PVS. At this time, PV
When the fibers that have not been separated from the S reach the sub-cylinder 11, the fibers are scratched by the blade body 11a of the sub-cylinder 11 as a disturbing portion and separated from the PVS.

Thereafter, when the raw material G falls from between the main cylinder 8 and the sub cylinder 11, the raw material G is blown off to the front of the main frame 1 by the blowing force blown from the blower 46. At this time, the PVC of the material having a higher specific gravity in the raw material G falls into the first receiving chamber 41 formed at the rearmost part of the main frame 1 without being blown off.

On the other hand, the raw material G blown off is a fiber of a material having a low specific gravity and an intermediate between PVC and the fiber which has not been separated yet. Then, an intermediate between the PVC and the fiber having a high specific gravity therein falls into the second receiving chamber 42 adjacent to the first receiving chamber 41. The fiber having the lowest specific gravity is blown off to the third receiving chamber 43 farthest from the air outlet 44 and collected in the receiving chamber 43. Since the raw material G recovered in the second receiving chamber 42 is an intermediate in which PVS and fibers are not yet separated, the raw material G is stored in the hopper 17 again, and the above steps are repeated.

As described above, unlike the first embodiment, the present embodiment is configured to separate and collect individual materials by spraying by the blower 46 instead of separation by negative pressure. Also in the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, it is possible to reliably separate the different materials from the raw material G in which a plurality of materials are mixed.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but may be configured as follows without departing from the spirit of the invention. (1) The separation device may be used for separating a synthetic resin and a metal, or a composite material of a synthetic resin and a rubber or the like. The present separation device is also very effective for these separations.

(2) In the first embodiment, the position adjustment of the separation plate 39 is manually performed by the operator by loosening the bolt 37. However, the position adjustment of the separation plate 39 is performed by, for example, a hydraulic cylinder. Alternatively, a configuration may be employed in which the driving is performed by a motor or a motor.

(3) The number of ducts in the first embodiment is one.
It may be embodied as a book, or three or more, or two or more receiving passages 26 as receiving means. Also,
The number of receiving rooms in the second embodiment may be embodied as two or four or more.

(4) The first and second embodiments may be combined and embodied. That is, a separation device may be configured by combining a device that generates a negative pressure and a device that generates a positive pressure.

(5) In each of the above embodiments, the sub cylinder 11 is provided in addition to the main cylinder 8 as a rotating body.
It may be embodied by providing only the main cylinder 8. (6) In each of the above embodiments, the negative pressure or the positive pressure is generated in the main frame 1 by the inhalers B1, B2, or the blower 46, and each raw material G is separated by the pressure. This may be configured as shown in FIG. That is, without using the inhalers B1, B2 and the blower 46,
The raw material G is forcibly transported to the front of the apparatus by the rotational force of the main cylinder 8. Therefore, in this case, the lightest raw material G is placed in the receiving chamber 53 which is the most distant from the main cylinder 8, the next lightest raw material G is placed in the receiving chamber 52, and the heaviest raw material G is placed in the receiving chamber 53. Each falls into the nearest receiving room 51. That is, in this case, each raw material G is separated based on the separation distance from the main cylinder 8. Of course, also in this case, the number of the receiving rooms may be appropriately changed.

The technical idea grasped from the above embodiment will be described below. (1) The raw material is forcibly dropped downward by the rotational force of a rotating body having a plurality of turbulent portions formed on the outer periphery, and the raw material falling from the transport means is separated based on a difference in specific gravity. A separating apparatus, comprising: a separating means for dropping; and a receiving means disposed below the transporting means for receiving the raw material separated and dropped by the separating means.

According to this structure, the raw material is struck and disturbed by the disturbing portion formed on the outer periphery of the rotating body, and is further subdivided. Separated and dropped, the raw material is collected by the receiving means. As a result, different materials that have been integrated are separated from each other, and the separation accuracy is further improved.

[0046]

As described in detail above, according to the present invention,
It is possible to easily and reliably separate the different materials constituting the raw material from the raw material in which a plurality of different materials are mixed, thereby improving the separation accuracy and efficiently performing the recycling. As a result, there is an excellent effect that the global environment can be further improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a separation apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a rear sectional view of a separation device.

FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view showing a configuration of a bracket, a separation plate, and the like.

FIG. 4 is a side sectional view of the separation device showing a state of the separation plate at a position different from that of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a side sectional view of the separation device showing a state of the separation plate at a position different from FIGS. 1 and 4;

FIG. 6 is a side sectional view of a separation device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a side sectional view of another example of the separation device.

[Explanation of symbols]

G: Raw material, 8: Main cylinder as rotating body, 8a ...
Blade serving as a disturbing portion, 5 pulleys constituting the transporting means, 6 belts constituting the transporting means, 7 motors constituting the transporting means, B1 suction machines for intermediates as suctioning means, B2 ... A suction unit for a lightweight object as a suction means, 46 a blower as a blowing means, 36 a bracket constituting a drop amount adjusting means, a suction force adjusting means and a blowing force adjusting means,
37: bolts constituting the drop amount adjusting means, suction force adjusting means and spraying force adjusting means; 39 ... separation plates constituting the drop amount adjusting means, suction force adjusting means and spraying force adjusting means.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A conveying means for forcibly dropping a raw material downward by a rotational force of a rotating body having a plurality of turbulence portions formed on an outer periphery, and a receiving means for receiving the raw material dropped from the conveying means. A separation device comprising: 2. A conveying means for forcibly dropping the raw material downward by a rotating force of a rotating body having a plurality of turbulence portions formed on an outer periphery, and a suction means for sucking the raw material dropped from the conveying means. And a receiving means disposed below the transport means for receiving the raw material not sucked by the suction means. 3. A conveying means for forcibly dropping the raw material downward by a rotating force of a rotating body having a plurality of turbulence portions formed on the outer periphery; and a conveying means disposed below the conveying means, A receiving means for receiving the raw material falling from the conveying means, and a spraying means arranged above the receiving means for blowing the raw material falling from the transport means to the side.