JP2000005725A - Treatment of harmful component-containing matter and treating device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To detoxify exhaust gas and the residue by subjecting a harmful component decomposed and separated from a matter to be treated at the time of decomposition treatment of the matter to be treated to contact reaction with a treating agent to obtain harmless salts and to enable reuse of them by reducing a volume of the non-pollutive residue at other treating furnace by carbonization, etc. SOLUTION: A decomposition reaction process furnace 100 and a volume reduction process furnace 200 are provided, and an inside of the decomposition reaction process furnace 100 is divided into a drying process region 114 and a salt forming process region 115 forming the harmless salts, and retaining means 116 and 116' retaining temporarily the matter to be treated are formed in each process region, and each process region is heated with heating cylinders 121 and 122 of different heating means so that the harmful component from the matter to be treated is decomposed and separated and allowed to react with the treating agent, and the volume of the treated matter after reaction is reduced by the carbonization or the like at the volume reduction process furnace 200.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and a method for treating an object to be treated such as waste containing a large amount of harmful components such as halogen substances and sulfides by performing thermal treatment such as thermal decomposition. Regarding the apparatus, in particular, when decomposing and depositing harmful components (especially chlorine-based gas and sulfur oxide-based gas) contained in the object to be treated in the decomposition reaction step, water contained in or adhered to the object to be treated is pre-processed. By removing it and making it easier to react with the treatment agent and replacing it with harmless salts, the generation of harmful dioxins is prevented, and at the same time, the harmlessness of the exhaust gas and the material to be treated is made harmless. In the process, this detoxified processing object is subjected to volume reduction such as carbonization or incineration in a separate heat treatment furnace from the previous process to prevent harmful components from remaining in the residue and reacting. Related to the device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art General waste such as municipal waste, industrial waste, shredder dust, vinyl chloride and other wastes contain a large amount of halogen substances (chlorine, bromine, iodine, fluorine, astatine), especially chlorine components. If heat treatment such as incineration is performed, chlorine-based gas (hydrogen chloride,
Chlorine) is generated in large quantities, causing highly toxic dioxins to be generated in the generated gas (exhaust gas), residue after incineration (processed ash), and fly ash in the exhaust gas.

[0003] Further, objects to be treated, such as waste tires and sulfide-containing wastes such as styrofoam, are incinerated. The waste gas contains 5 to 10% by weight of a sulfide component. Therefore, when combusted, a large amount of sulfur oxide-based gas (SOx) is generated.

When waste is incinerated in an incinerator as a means for removing such harmful components, an alkaline substance (lime powder) is sprayed into the incinerator to make contact reaction with chlorine-based gas in exhaust gas generated by the incineration. To produce harmless chlorides (calcium chloride) to make the exhaust gas harmless (for example,
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 54-93864 is known.

In addition, a calcium-based alkali substance, for example, lime (CaCO ₃ ) slaked lime (Ca (OH) ₂ ) is added to incinerate, or these substances are loaded into a filter to allow SOx gas to pass therethrough. Can be removed by
JP-B-2-10341, JP-A-1-296007,
This is known from JP-A-59-12733.

In addition, instead of incineration, a method is known in which the material to be treated is thermally decomposed (distilled), and the residue after decomposition is reduced in volume by carbonization or incineration.

[0007] In this treatment method, a single rotary processing furnace (rotary kiln) is used to thermally decompose, and the discharged residue is incinerated with a stoker, the pyrolysis gas is burned in a reburning chamber, and the generated high-temperature is generated. After passing the gas through a boiler or the like, the gas is guided to a reaction tower, where the slaked lime slurry is sprayed and reacted with the exhaust gas in the same manner as described above (for example, JP-A-5-33916).

Further, the waste is heat-treated by a low-temperature carbonization method in a rotary processing furnace to be converted into a low-temperature carbonized gas and a pyrolysis residue, which is burned in a high-temperature combustion furnace to produce a molten liquid slag. For cooling and solidifying it into a glassy state, and treating the generated gas with a boiler, a removal filter and a gas purifying device and discharging the gas (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-510789).
Etc.

[0009] As another method, when an object to be treated is heat-treated in a heat treatment furnace, an appropriate amount of an alkaline additive which easily reacts with the chlorine component is mixed and heat-treated to fix the chlorine component in the treated ash. A method has also been proposed in which harmless exhaust gas is obtained by converting the treated ash to a chlorine component by washing with water or the like (JP-A-9-155326).

[0010]

The above-mentioned method based on incineration treatment is a treatment at a place close to the generation source because the alkali substance is sprayed into the incinerator. After processing.

Therefore, according to this method, the effect of removing chlorine gas can be expected to some extent.

However, because of incineration, the reaction temperature is high, and it is difficult to maintain a stable reaction. Further, spraying a large amount adversely affects the original combustion (generation of unburned phenomena), making it difficult for incineration itself to satisfy the emission standard values of various gases according to laws and regulations.

Further, in the method by the dry distillation treatment, the object to be treated is thermally decomposed without burning, so that the instability factor as in an incinerator is easily removed. However, when the alkali substance is sprayed into the heat treatment furnace as in the incinerator, only the same effect as in the case of the incineration treatment can be expected.

In each of the above-mentioned treatment methods, when the exhaust gas contains a large amount of harmful components (particularly chlorine-based gas and sulfur oxide-based gas), the facilities such as a heat treatment furnace and a flue are significantly corroded. As a result, there is a possibility that the durability of the facility may be reduced, the exhaust gas may leak, etc., and maintenance may be difficult.

In order to solve these problems, the applicant of the present application has proposed to mix an alkaline additive during the heat treatment (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-15532).
6).

In each of the above-mentioned treatment methods by dry distillation, the treatment for thermally decomposing an object to be treated and depositing a decomposition gas is performed in a single treatment furnace. In other words, the process is performed in a series of processes in which an object to be processed is supplied from one supply port of a single processing furnace and carbide is discharged from the other discharge port. In this series of processes,
Heating treatment (for example, 1 hour,
(300 ° C. to 600 ° C.), the processing of drying → pyrolysis → volume reduction (carbonization) of the object is continuously performed.

The temperature at which harmful components such as halogen substances are thermally decomposed and deposited from the material to be treated is 200 ° C. to 35 ° C.
At about 0 ° C., the harmful components and the treating agent react to form harmless salts, but some harmful components may be in an unreacted state.

Further, the object to be treated is agitated, and the gas of the unreacted harmful components generated may be entrained in the object to be treated. If it does, it will be adsorbed by carbides.

If the generated carbide, harmful component gas and generated dioxins are present at the same time in the processing furnace, the carbide adsorbs these gases and dioxins, and removes the adsorbed dioxins from the carbide. It is very difficult.

[0020] Therefore, it is difficult to reuse the generated carbide, and it is necessary to bury it as a residue in a final disposal site or to process it by another means such as melting at a very high temperature.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to form a harmless salt by contacting a harmful component decomposed and precipitated from an object to be treated and a treating agent during the decomposition treatment of the object to form a harmless salt. In order to achieve the detoxification of exhaust gas and residue, and to reduce the volume of this detoxified residue by carbonization in another processing furnace and to make it possible to reuse it, in the decomposition reaction process, It is an object of the present invention to maintain a temperature range in which harmful components can be reliably deposited and harmless chloride can be effectively generated.

[0022]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention comprises a decomposition reaction step in which harmful components are decomposed and precipitated from an object to be treated and reacted with a treatment agent for an alkaline substance; The decomposition reaction step consists of a drying step for removing water from the processing object, and a decomposition agent for decomposing and depositing harmful components to react with the treating agent. Dividing into harmless salt generation steps, and performing heating means in each of these steps using separate external heating means, and drying, salt generation and volume reduction steps, or drying and salt generation. The method is characterized in that a staying means for temporarily staying the flow of an object to be processed is formed in the vicinity of the step end portion of each step of the process, so that the heat treatment in each step is ensured.

The external heating means may be electric heating (induction heating, heater heating), but it is preferable to use hot gas generated by burning LNG.

The heat treatment in the drying step is performed at a temperature (1.degree.) At which moisture contained in the object to be treated or moisture adhering thereto is removed.
(00 ° C to 200 ° C).

In the heat treatment in the salt generation step, the temperature at which harmful components are decomposed and precipitated from the object to be treated (200 ° C. to 350 ° C.)
And heat for hours.

The heat treatment in the volume reduction step is performed at a temperature of 250 ° C. to 700 ° C. at which the material to be treated is carbonized, or at 800 ° C. or more at which the material is incinerated.

This volume reduction treatment is performed in at least one heat treatment furnace, or the carbonization or incineration treatment is performed separately in another heat treatment furnace, or after the carbonization treatment and after the collection of metals. May be incinerated in different heat treatment furnaces.

The treating agent composed of an alkali substance used in the decomposition reaction step is composed of an alkali metal (Li, Na, K, Rb, Ca, F) which reacts with harmful components to form harmless salts.
r), alkaline earth metals (Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra),
Alkaline earth metal compounds (CaO, Ca (OH) ₂ , C
aCO ₃ , dolomite), alkali metal compounds.

The alkali metal compound is (1) a simple substance of the alkali metal compound, or a mixture of plural kinds.

(2) The alkali metal compound is a hydroxide,
Carbonate substance.

(3) Hydroxides and carbonates are sodium-based and potassium-based substances.

(4) The treating agent is (a) sodium bicarbonate, also known as acidic sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or sodium bicarbonate.

(B) Sodium carbonate, also called sodium carbonate, soda, soda ash, washing soda, and crystal soda.

(C) Sodium sesquicarbonate, also known as sodium hydrogen dicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, (d) natural soda, also known as trona, (e) potassium carbonate, (f) potassium hydrogen carbonate ( g) Sodium potassium carbonate (h) Sodium hydroxide (i) Potassium hydroxide A simple substance selected from the group consisting of two or more kinds are used in combination.

That is, in the decomposition reaction step, the object is dried to remove water, and then, in the salt generation step, an alkali substance is added to the object and heated to 200 ° C. to 350 ° C. Chlorine-based gas decomposed and precipitated from is generated and replaced by harmless chloride by contact reaction with alkali substances present in the surroundings at the same time as generation, making exhaust gas harmless,
At the same time, the object to be processed does not contain chlorine-based gas.

When an object to be treated containing a harmful component is treated with a treatment agent for an alkali metal compound in a decomposition reaction treatment furnace, harmful hydrogen chloride (HC) is obtained by the following reaction formula.
l) is replaced with harmless chlorides, and harmful sulfur oxides (SOx) are replaced with harmless sulfites.

That is, when the harmful component is hydrogen chloride (HCl), sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO ₃ ) + (HCl) → (NaCl) + (H
₂ O) + (CO ₂ ) potassium hydrogen carbonate (KHCO ₃ ) + (HCl) → (KCl) + (H ₂ O) +
(CO ₂ ) Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) + (HCl) → (NaCl) + (H ₂ O) Potassium hydroxide (KOH) + (HCl) → (KCl) + (H ₂ O) In the case of oxide (SOx), sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO ₃ ) → (NaOH) + (CO ₂ ) (2NaOH) + (SO ₂ ) → (Na ₂ SO ₃ ) + (H
₂ O) Potassium hydrogen carbonate (KHCO ₃ ) → (KOH) + (CO ₂ ) (2KOH) + (SO ₂ ) → (K ₂ CO ₃ ) + (H ₂ O) Sodium hydroxide (2NaOH) + (SO ₂ ) → (Na ₂ SO ₃ ) + (2H ₂
O) Potassium hydroxide (2KOH) + (SO ₂ ) → (K ₂ SO ₃ ) + (H ₂ O) Potassium sodium carbonate (Na ₂ CO ₃ + K ₂ CO ₃ ) + (2SO ₂ ) → (Na ₂ SO)
₃ ) + (K ₂ SO ₃ ) + (2CO ₂ ), and HCl is harmless sodium chloride (NaCl, K
Cl) and SOx are harmless sulfites (Na ₂ SO ₃ , K
₂ SO ₃ ), which can make harmful components harmless.

A processing apparatus for realizing the above-described processing method is a processing apparatus for reducing the volume of an object to be processed by heating the object containing a harmful component,
By adding an alkaline substance treating agent to the object to be treated and heating in a heating furnace to decompose and precipitate harmful components from the object to be treated, and by causing a contact reaction with the treating agent of the alkaline substance to produce harmless salts. A decomposition reaction furnace for detoxifying the exhaust gas and detoxifying the processing object, and a volume reduction process furnace for reducing the volume of the processing object processed in the decomposition reaction furnace by carbonization or the like. The process furnace and the volume reduction process furnace are configured with different heat treatment furnaces, and the discharge side of the decomposition reaction process furnace and the supply side of the volume reduction process furnace are connected via a duct, and the decomposition reaction process furnace has A drying process area for removing water from the object to be treated and a salt producing step area for producing harmless salts are provided, each of which is provided with different heating means so that heating can be individually controlled.

The heat treatment furnaces of the decomposition reaction step furnace and the volume reduction step furnace are provided at one end side with a supply port for an object to be treated,
It is formed of a cylindrical body having a discharge port on the other end side, and is provided with a means for moving an object to be treated while stirring, and heating means for a drying step area and a salt generation area in a decomposition reaction step furnace are individually provided. Temperature-controllable external heating means, and furthermore, the object to be treated is effectively heated in this step by the external heating means, so that the object to be treated temporarily stays near the end of the drying step area and the salt generation step area. To form a staying means. This retaining means is formed by a partition plate (weir) or the like.

As described above, the decomposition reaction step is divided into the drying step and the salt generation step, and a stagnation means for temporarily holding the object to be processed is formed near the end of each step, and the object to be processed is separated from each step. In this case, an external heating means is provided for heating the workpiece temporarily for each process, and the workpiece to be heated is heated individually for each process, so that the heating temperature can be easily controlled in each process.

In particular, the temperature control in the salt production step
It becomes easy to maintain the temperature range in which harmless chloride is effectively generated by the reaction between the harmful component decomposed and precipitated from the object to be treated and the added alkali substance.

[0042]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. As described above, the present invention provides drying, salt generation,
At the end of each process area for processing such as volume reduction, a staying means such as a weir or a partition plate for temporarily holding the flow of the work is provided to control the movement of the work, and The method is characterized in that the objects to be processed are heated by different heating means so as to ensure the heat treatment of the object to be processed in each process area.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual view of an embodiment in which two heat treatment furnaces are installed, and FIG. 2 is an explanatory sectional view of a main part of a first heat treatment furnace. In these figures, reference numeral 100 denotes a decomposition reaction process furnace for performing a decomposition reaction process, and 200 denotes a volume reduction process furnace for performing a volume reduction process. The decomposition reaction process furnace 100 includes a rotatable cylindrical body 110, an external heating unit 120 for externally heating the processing target in the cylindrical body, an internal heating unit 130 for heating the processing target in the cylindrical body from the inside, Cylindrical body 1
Drive means 140 for driving the rotation of the cylindrical body 10 and the cylindrical body 1
Duct means 1 for hermetically surrounding the openings at both ends of the duct 10
50.

The cylindrical body 110 has a supply port 111 at one end for supplying an object to be processed into the cylinder, and a discharge port 112 at the other end for discharging the object to be processed. A blade 113 for moving the object while stirring and a drying step area 114 and a salt generation step area 115 are formed, and retention means 116 and 116 'for temporarily retaining the object are provided. Note that the retaining means 116 ′ provided at the end of the salt generation step area 115 may be formed on the side wall of the cylindrical body 110. The external heating means 120 (not shown) includes two heating cylinders 121 and 122 for forming a gas duct on the outer periphery of the cylindrical body 110 and introducing a hot gas.
21 is provided on the outer periphery of the drying process region 114, and the heating cylinder 122 is provided on the outer periphery of the salt generation process region 115, and heat gas is introduced to heat the object in each process region from the outside.

The internal heating means 130 (symbols omitted)
An internal heating tube 131 provided in the axial direction in the cylindrical body 110 and having both ends protruding outside from the supply port 111 and the discharge port 112, and a partition plate 132 inside the internal heating tube 131.
The heating chambers 133 and 134 are formed with small-diameter pipes 135 and 136 which are inserted from the opening ends of the heating chambers and open near the partition plate 132. Provided, small diameter pipes 135, 136
A hot gas is introduced from the outer end of the partition plate 132 and is led out from the opening end on the partition plate 132 side through the inner heating tube 131 and the outer periphery of the small-diameter pipes 135 and 136. Heat from inside. Internal heating tube 131
A helical member (not shown) for guiding the hot gas in a spiral shape is provided on the inside, so that when the hot gas is introduced, the internal heating tube 131 is efficiently heated.

The rotation driving means 140 includes a driving motor 14
1, a drive gear 142 and a driven gear 143 provided on the cylindrical body 110. The sealed duct means 150 (not shown) includes a supply duct 151 surrounding the supply port 111 side of the cylindrical body 110 and a discharge duct 152 surrounding the discharge port 112 side. The ducts 151 and 152 are air-tightly penetrated and supported.

The volume reduction process furnace 200 is composed of the decomposition reaction process furnace 1
Since the basic configuration is the same as that of 00, and there are many common parts, the same or corresponding parts will have the same two digits of 200 and will not be described, and different parts will be described.

The volume reduction process furnace 200 is composed of the decomposition reaction process furnace 1
Since the volume of the heat-treated material is reduced by carbonization or incineration at 00, it is not necessary to divide the inside of the cylinder into two temperature ranges.

Accordingly, in the furnace 200 for reducing the volume, the heating cylinder of the external heating means does not need to be separated into two, and is formed by one heating cylinder 223. The internal heating means is also an internal heating cylinder 2
31 and an internal heating cylinder 231 without a small diameter tube. Although not shown, a spiral member that guides the hot gas as rotating wind is provided on the inner wall of the internal heating cylinder 231.

Further, since there is no need to form two different zones in the cylinder, there is no need to provide a stagnation means in the middle. However, the object to be treated is temporarily stagnated (by controlling the flow) to ensure heating. To this end, a stagnation means 216 is provided near the end of the volume reduction step, that is, near the discharge port 212 side.

Reference numeral 10 denotes a hopper, which is a mixture of a processing object and a processing agent and throws in the mixture.
Through the supply port 111 of the cylindrical body 110
Supply within. The material to be treated may be any of solid matter such as general waste and industrial waste, ash, and sludge.

The hopper 10 has a crushing function and a mixing function of the processing agent, and may mix the processing agent with the processing agent while crushing the solid material. May be mixed and charged.

A cylindrical body 110 of the decomposition reaction process furnace 100;
The cylindrical body 210 of the volume reduction process furnace 200 is disposed vertically, and the discharge side duct 152 of the cylindrical body 110 and the cylindrical body 21
0 is connected to the supply port 211 through an opening / closing valve (opening / closing door) 12.
0 is a discharge side duct 252 is an open / close valve (open / close door) 1
3 to discharge the carbide or treated ash after the heat treatment.

Numeral 15 denotes a combustion device, which burns LNG from the LNG tank 16 to generate hot gas when LNG is burned, for example. This hot gas is supplied into a heating cylinder 223 provided on the outer periphery of the cylinder 210 and heats the cylinder 210, and a part thereof is heated via the connecting pipe 17 to the heating cylinder 122 on the salt generation step region 115 side of the cylinder 110. After heating the inside of the salt generation step area 115 from the outside, it is sent to the discharge pipe 18, and another part is heated via the delivery pipe 19 to the heating chamber 134 of the internal heating means on the salt generation step area 115 side. Inserted in
After heating the salt generation step area from the inside, it is sent to the discharge pipe 18 to heat the salt generation step area from outside and inside.

The hot gas heated in the salt process area joins the discharge pipe 18 and is heated by the heating cylinder 121 on the drying process area 114 side.
Is sent into the heating chamber 133 of the internal heating means 130,
The drying zone 114 is heated externally and internally.

The hot gas which has heated the drying process area is supplied through a delivery pipe 20 to a drying means 21 for drying the object to be reduced in volume.
And used as heat of the drying means, and then sent to the exhaust gas combustion means 23 through the pipe 22.

The hot gas generated in the combustion device 15 passes through the internal heating tube 231 of the internal heating means of the volume reduction process furnace 200 and heats the cylindrical body 210 from the inside. It is introduced into the heating cylinder 122 on the side of the production step.

The exhaust gas combustion means 23 includes, in addition to the gas sent from the pipe 22, a discharge side duct 152 of the decomposition reaction process furnace 100 and a supply side duct 251 of the volume reduction process furnace 200.
The gas inside is also sent in by the discharge pipe 24, burns these gases, and sends them to the bag filter 25 in the next step.

In the exhaust gas combustion means 23, combustible components such as tar contained in the gas are removed by burning, and cooling air (normal temperature or cooled air) is discharged together with the exhaust gas from an air cooling means, for example, an air supply means 26. ) To cool the gas below the endurance temperature of the bag filter 25 and introduce it into the bag filter 25. The fuel to be burned here is
Natural gas (LNG) is preferred.

The bag filter 25 may be a conventionally known filter. After the treatment agent is charged and subjected to the reaction treatment, the unreacted treatment agent is sent to the hopper 10 for reuse, and the exhaust gas is discharged from the chimney 27.

Numeral 28 denotes a dehydrating means, which solidifies and separates the aqueous solution in the dissolving tank 14, and after the solid matter is dried by the drying means 21,
The liquid discharged to the carbide hopper 29 is neutralized with a neutralizing agent or the like by the water treatment means 30 and then returned to the dissolving tank 14 for reuse.

Reference numeral 31 denotes gas measuring means for measuring the concentration of gas such as HCl. S is a dynamic seal (mechanical seal)
Thus, it is provided at the joint between the outer periphery of the cylindrical bodies 110 and 210 and the duct and the heating cylinder to prevent gas leakage.

Next, a series of processing methods will be described.
First, LNG is burned by the combustion device 15 to generate hot gas, which is supplied to the heating tube 223 and the internal heating tube 231 of the volume reduction process furnace 200, and the cylindrical body 210 of the volume reduction process furnace 200 is used as an external heating means. The heating gas is heated by the internal heating means, and the heated hot gas is passed through the connecting pipe 17 to the decomposition reaction process furnace 100.
Is fed into the heating chamber 134 through the heating tube 122 and the small-diameter pipe 136 on the side of the salt generation step 115, and heats the salt generation step 115 from outside and inside.
After being fed into the heating chamber 133 via the heating cylinder 121 and the small-diameter pipe 135 on the fourth side, the drying step area 114 is heated from the outside and inside, and then sent to the exhaust gas combustion means 23 via the drying means 21 via the delivery pipe 20.

As described above, after each process furnace is heated, or simultaneously with the heating, the object to be treated containing harmful components is mixed with the treating agent made of an alkaline substance, or while the mixing is performed, the opening / closing valve 11 is opened from the hopper 10. Into the cylindrical body 110 of the decomposition reaction process furnace 100.

The mixture of the object to be treated and the treating agent is supplied to a drying step 114, a salt producing step 115, a discharge duct 152,
On-off valve 12, supply side duct 2 of volume reduction process furnace 200
51, the cylindrical body 210, and the discharge side duct 252 are sequentially transferred to the melting tank 14 via the opening / closing valve 13.

In this flow, the object to be processed is in the drying process area 1
In 14, the object is heated and dried at a temperature (100 ° C. to 200 ° C.) at which moisture contained (or adhered) to the object is evaporated. Subsequent to this, in the next salt generation step region 115, harmful components such as chlorine-based gas are decomposed and precipitated from the object to be treated, and heated at a temperature (200 ° C. to 350 ° C.) at which the harmful component reacts with the treating agent.
Reacts with the treating agent at the same time as the harmful components contained are decomposed and precipitated.

In this reaction, when the treating agent is an alkali metal compound and the harmful components are HCl and SOx, the former is replaced with harmless sodium chloride and the latter is replaced with harmless sulfite, and the harmful components are converted into harmless salts. Become. In this process, since the staying means 116 and 116 'are provided near the ends of the drying step area 114 and the salt generation step area 115, the object to be processed is heated while temporarily staying here.

The heating in the salt formation step is not a combustion and baking section, but a process of steaming and pyrolysis. The temperature and time at which harmful components are precipitated from the object are investigated in advance, and Understand the properties and process at temperatures and times that can adequately cover the findings.

In particular, since it is related to the state of the heating furnace (conditions depending on the furnace such as the size and heating means), the processing amount, the processing time, the processing temperature, etc., it is necessary to conduct a sufficient investigation beforehand. And it is necessary to collect and store data.

After the harmful components are precipitated and made harmless, the material to be treated is sent to the supply port 211 of the cylindrical body 210 of the volume reduction process furnace 200 via the duct 152 and the opening / closing valve 12, where it is treated. The temperature at which the product carbonizes (paper begins to carbonize at about 350 ° C.). The volume is reduced by heating to 350 ° C. to 700 ° C. or carbonizing by heating to 800 ° C. or more and ashing. Since there is no decomposed gas containing harmful components such as HCl and dioxins in the workpiece transferred into the furnace for reducing the volume, the carbonized or incinerated workpiece can absorb this. Absent.

The reduced volume of the object to be treated and the treatment agent after the reaction are passed through the duct 252 and the opening / closing valve 13 to the melting tank 14.
Is discharged into In the dissolving tank 14, the reduced volume of the object to be treated, the treated agent after the reaction, and the like are dissolved in water, which is separated into a solid and a liquid by a dehydrating means 28, and the solid is dried. After drying at 21, the liquid is taken out from the carbide hopper 29, while the liquid is treated with the water treatment means 30 after collecting the treated agent, neutralizing agent or the like is injected and treated, and then returned to the melting tank 14 for reuse. .

As described above, the decomposed gas (exhaust gas) generated in the decomposition reaction process furnace 100 reacts with the treating agent as soon as it is generated, and is rendered harmless. Although system gases and the like are not included, the properties of the material to be treated are various, and in some cases, chlorine components cannot be completely removed due to incomplete reaction or the like depending on the treatment conditions. Thoroughly clean using a bag filter.

As a pre-process for taking in the bag filter 25, the gas is burned by the exhaust gas combustion means 23 to remove tar and the like, and cooling air is sent from the air supply means 26. Is lowered to the endurance temperature of the bag filter or lower, is sent to the bag filter 25, reacts with the treating agent, and is discharged from the chimney 27.

In the cylindrical body 210 of the volume reduction process furnace 200, a stagnation means 216 is provided near the outlet, and the movement of the object to be treated (residue) is temporarily stagnated here and the volume of the volume reduction process is reduced. The heating time is controlled.

The temperature control means of the decomposition reaction process furnace 100 and the volume reduction process furnace is performed as follows. In the volume reduction process furnace 200, the control is performed by controlling the LNG combustion means by the combustion device 15. Since the temperature in the salt generation step area 115 and the drying step area 114 is sequentially introduced with the hot gas used in the volume reduction step furnace 200, the temperature gradually decreases, but does not decrease to a desired temperature. In some cases, a gas flow control valve or air is mixed during the adjustment. Also,
If the temperature falls below the desired temperature, an electric heating coil is previously installed on the outer periphery of the cylindrical body, and the temperature is increased by electric heating means (induction heating or hot wire heating).

The temperature control is performed by controlling the H in the duct 152.
Control is performed by reflecting a detection signal from a gas measuring means 31 for measuring the Cl concentration and a temperature sensor provided in a temperature sensor mounting device (not shown).

Further, the heating of the drying means 21 utilizes the hot gas after heating the furnace for the decomposition reaction step and the furnace for the volume reduction step so as to effectively use the heat energy.

In the embodiment shown in FIG.
As means for agitating and moving the object to be processed in the inside and the inside of the cylinder 210, as shown in FIG.
3) is a case where the cylindrical body itself is rotated to move. However, it is not always necessary to rotate the cylindrical body. The cylindrical body is fixed, and a long screw body is provided in the internal axial direction. The screw body may be driven to rotate from the outside.

When the object to be treated and the alkali metal compound are heat-treated at a predetermined temperature in the salt formation step, the decomposed chlorine gas and sulfur oxide gas react with the alkali substance to make the decomposed gas harmless. The reason why the detoxification of the residue can be performed at the same time has become clearer from the following experimental investigation.

In the experiment, a low oxygen atmosphere was created in a closed vessel equipped with an exhaust pipe and having an open / close door, a sample was placed in this closed vessel, heated in an electric furnace, and heated from 250 ° C. to 600 ° C. for 5 hours.
Hold at each temperature for 5 minutes at intervals of 0 ° C., open the exhaust pipe at the time of temperature rise and keep, and open the hydrogen chloride gas (HCl) concentration (pp
m) was measured. In addition, the measurement was also performed at 600 ° C to 1000 ° C.

The gas concentration was measured using a detector tube specified in JIS-K0804.

Table 1 shows the measurement results. The hydrogen chloride gas concentration is a measured value in 10 experiments, and Examples 1 to 7 show the highest value, and Comparative Example 1 shows the lowest value.

Note that “ND” represents “not detected”,
It shows that none was detected in 10 experiments.

In the experiment, first, a preliminary test was conducted using only 4 g of polyvinylidene chloride containing a large amount of a chlorine component. The results are shown in Comparative Example 1 of Table 1.

Next, an experiment was carried out by adding 20 g each of slaked lime and calcium carbonate powder conventionally known as dechlorinating agents. The results are shown in Examples 6 and 7.

Next, polyvinylidene chloride and vinyl chloride, which generate a large amount of hydrogen chloride when heated, were selected as objects to be treated. The material was selected and added for the experiment.

In Examples 1 and 2, 20 g of sodium bicarbonate powder was added to polyvinylidene chloride 4 to be treated.
g and 4 g of vinyl chloride, Examples 3 to 5 were applied to 4 g of polyvinylidene chloride of the same material.
In each of the examples, an experiment was carried out by mixing an object to be treated and a dechlorinating agent when 10 g of potassium hydrogen carbonate, 20 g of sodium hydroxide and 20 g of potassium hydroxide were added.
Table 1 shows the results.

[0088]

[Table 1]

From the experimental results shown in Table 1, the following is considered.

First, when polyvinylidene chloride containing a large amount of a chlorine component is to be treated, in Comparative Example 1 in which no dechlorinating agent is added, a large amount of hydrogen chloride gas is generated over each temperature due to the heat treatment. In Example 6 in which slaked lime, which is a conventional dechlorinating agent, was added to this object, and in Example 7, in which calcium carbonate was added, the generation of hydrogen chloride gas was not sufficient but it was considerably suppressed as compared with Comparative Example 1. Have been.

At 450 ° C. in Examples 4 and 5, trace amounts (1 ppm and 2 ppm) of hydrogen chloride gas were detected, but other than that, they were not detected at all over the entire temperature range, and very good results were obtained. Was.

Further, even when sodium chloride is added using vinyl chloride as an object to be treated, as shown in Example 2, the production of hydrogen chloride is completely suppressed in any temperature range. I have.

According to the above experimental investigation, in the case of dechlorination treatment, an alkali substance (particularly an alkali metal compound) which reacts with a chlorine-based gas to produce a harmless chloride is treated to make it harmless. I was able to confirm that it could be processed.

Further, an experiment was conducted using a solidified fuel (hereinafter, referred to as RDF) containing a sulfur component as a sample to be treated.

The RDF is a solidified product so as to be combustible. In a broad sense, (1) kitchen waste (remaining material such as meat, fish head, bone, eggshell, vegetables, fruits, etc., is called "compost") (2) Plastics (polyethylene, polypropylene, polystin, polyvinylidene chloride, etc.) (3) Papers (tissue paper, newspaper, advertising paper, bags, boxes, beverage packs, etc.) (4) ) In addition, a solidified mixture of combustible materials (fibers such as cloth, wood chips, rubber, leather, etc.).

In a narrow sense, (2), (3) and (4) which do not include the compost of (1) are referred to. This time, RDF without compost was used.

The RDF of such a sample was crushed, and a comparative experiment was performed using several kinds of alkali metal compounds and using uncrushed RDF.

It should be noted that a generally-processed RD
The sulfur component of F contains about 1.0% by weight, and the plastic RDF contains 0.29 to 0.89% by weight of a chlorine component. In addition, waste paper RDF is 0.2% by weight.
Contains a chlorine component.

In the experiment, heating was performed in the same electric furnace as described above,
The temperature was maintained at 250 ° C. to 600 ° C. at 50 ° intervals for 5 minutes at each temperature, and the concentrations of HCl gas and SO ₂ gas (ppm) were measured at the time of heating and keeping the temperature by opening the exhaust pipe.

Table 2 shows the measurement results. HCl gas,
The SO ₂ gas concentration is a measured value in ten experiments, and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 in Table 2 show the lowest values, and Examples 1 to 7 in Table 1 show the highest values.

Note that "ND" represents "not detected",
It shows that none was detected in 10 experiments.

First, 40 g of the uncrushed RDF was crushed, and 10 g of NaHCO ₃ and 4 g of a treatment agent were added to the crushed RDF as Examples 1 and 2, respectively. Examples 3 and 4 were obtained by adding ₃ g of KHCO ₃ and 3 g of Na ₂ CO ₃ + K ₂ CO ₃ as treating agents to 20 g of the crushed, respectively.
Examples 5 and 6 were obtained by adding 3 g of NaOH and KOH as a treating agent to 20 g of RDF crushed, and further adding 10 g of NaHCO ₃ as a treating agent to 40 g of a lump that did not crush RDF. As Example 7, the HCl concentration and the SO ₂ concentration of each sample were measured. Table 2 shows the results.

[0103]

[Table 2]

Next, 40 g of the uncrushed RDF obtained by crushing the above uncrushed RDF was used as Comparative Example 1, and RD
A sample using 40 g of a lump without crushing F was used as Comparative Example 2, and the HCl concentration and SO ₂
The concentration was measured. Table 3 shows the results.

[0105]

[Table 3]

From the experimental results in Tables 2 and 3, the following is considered.

In the case of hydrogen chloride (HCl) (1) When crushed, a very small amount was detected at 400 ° C. in Example 4, but was not detected in the other examples, and very good results were obtained.

It can be seen that even when compared with Comparative Example 1, the amount is considerably reduced.

(2) In the case of lumps, it was slightly detected as compared with the case of crushing at 350 to 450 ° C., but it can be seen that it was considerably reduced as compared with Comparative Example 2.

In the case of sulfide gas (SO ₂ ): (1) When crushed, SO ₂ is slightly generated at 400 to 450 ° C., but is very good as a whole (Example 1)
~ 6).

It can be seen that Comparative Example 1 also has a considerable reduction.

(2) In the case of a lump, 350 to 45
Although slightly more SO ₂ is generated than when crushed at 0 ° C., it is good as a whole (Example 7).

It can be seen that even when compared with Comparative Example 2, it is considerably reduced.

According to the above experimental investigation, when treating a treated product containing a chlorine component and a sulfur component, harmful HCl
And reacting with SOx to generate harmless chlorides and sulfites,
It was confirmed that HCl and SOx could be detoxified.

Although the same dechlorination effect is obtained even at 600 ° C. or higher, it may be determined based on the type of equipment, time, amount of treatment, and the like.

The reason why HCl and SOx can be detoxified by adding an alkali metal compound and treating them is as follows.
According to the following reaction.

(A) Reaction in the case of HCl The reason why harmful hydrogen chloride is replaced with harmless chloride is produced from the following reaction.

Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO ₃ ) + (HCl) → (NaCl) + (H
₂ O) + (CO ₂ ) potassium hydrogen carbonate (KHCO ₃ ) + (HCl) → (KCl) + (H ₂ O) +
(CO ₂ ) Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) + (HCl) → (NaCl) + (H ₂ O) Potassium hydroxide (KOH) + (HCl) → (KCl) + (H ₂ O) Especially in the case of hydrogen carbonate Is remarkable, this is because
First, CO ₂ is separated at a temperature lower than the temperature (250 ° C. or higher) at which hydrogen chloride (HCl) decomposes and precipitates, so that an atmosphere state in which the reaction between the remaining NaOH and KOH and the generated HCl can be performed smoothly. It is thought that it is.

That is, when the reaction state is sodium hydrogen carbonate, (NaHCO ₃ ) → (NaOH) + (CO ₂ ) (NaOH) + (HCl) → (NaCl) + (H ₂ O) Potassium hydrogen carbonate (KHCO ₃₎ ) → (KOH) + (CO ₂ ) (KOH) + (HCl) → (KCl) + (H ₂ O), and NaOH, KOH and HCl react rapidly to form harmless chlorides (NaCl, KCl). Is newly generated.

On the other hand, in the case of calcium carbonate (CaCO ₃ ) and slaked lime (Ca (OH) ₂ ), similarly, harmless chloride (CaCl) is produced, but the reaction with Ca is not smooth.

NaCl, KCl produced as described above
Is a harmless chloride. In addition to the above substances, N
There are the following sodium-based and potassium-based substances that produce aCl and KCl, and similar effects can be obtained.

Sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate hydrate, sodium sesquicarbonate, natural soda.

Next, the chlorine-based material after the treatment was confirmed.

As a result of analyzing the obtained residue, no harmful chlorine-based gas components were detected, and harmless chlorides such as sodium chloride and potassium chloride were detected. Further, the residue was stirred for 10 minutes and washed with water, so that sodium chloride and potassium chloride were dissolved in water and a carbide remained, but no harmful chlorine-based gas component was detected in the carbide.

Therefore, the harmful chlorine components are sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium chloride (K
Cl), water (H ₂ O), and gas (CO ₂ ), do not generate hydrogen chloride that causes dioxin, and can achieve harmlessness of exhaust gas and residues.

(B) In the case of the reaction of SOx The reason why harmful SOx is replaced with harmless sulfite and formed is apparent from the reaction as described below.

Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO ₃ ) → (NaOH) + (CO ₂ ) (2NaOH) + (SO ₂ ) → (Na ₂ SO ₃ ) + (H
₂ O) Potassium hydrogen carbonate (KHCO ₃ ) → (KOH) + (CO ₂ ) (2KOH) + (SO ₂ ) → (K ₂ SO ₃ ) + (H ₂ O) Sodium hydroxide (2NaOH) + (SO ₂ ) → Na ₂ SO ₃ ) + (2H
₂ O) potassium hydroxide _{(2KOH) + (SO 2)} → (K 2 SO 3) + (H 2 O) potassium sodium carbonate _{(Na 2 HCO 3 + K 2} CO 3) + (2SO 2) → (Na 2 S
O ₃ ) + (K ₂ SO ₃ ) + (2CO ₂ ) In particular, the effect is remarkable in the case of a hydrogen carbonate system.
First, CO ₂ is separated at a temperature lower than the temperature (300 ° C. or higher) at which the sulfurized gas (SO ₂ ) decomposes and precipitates, so that the remaining alkali metal hydroxide (NaOH, KOH) and the generated SO ₂ It is considered that the atmosphere was such that the reaction could be performed smoothly.

That is, when the reaction state is sodium hydrogen carbonate, (NaHCO ₃ ) → (NaOH) + (CO ₂ ) (2NaOH) + (SO ₂ ) → (Na ₂ SO ₃ ) + (H
₂ O) Potassium hydrogen carbonate (KHCO ₃ ) → (KOH) + (CO ₂ ) (2KOH) + (SO ₂ ) → (K ₂ SO ₃ ) + (H ₂ O), and NaOH, KOH and SO ₂ It reacts quickly to produce harmless chlorides (Na ₂ SO ₃ , K ₂ SO ₃ ). Was produced as described above, Na ₂ SO ₃ (sodium sulfite), K ₂ SO ₃ (potassium sulfite) is a harmless sulfite, in addition to the above substances, likewise, Na ₂
There are the following sodium-based and potassium-based substances that generate SO ₃ and K ₂ SO ₃ , and similar effects can be obtained.

Sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate hydrate, sodium sesquicarbonate, natural soda.

Next, the sulfide after the treatment was confirmed.

As a result of analyzing the obtained residue, harmful SO was detected.
No x gas component was detected, and potassium metal salts (Na ₂ SO ₃ , K ₂ SO ₃ ), which are harmless sulfites, were detected.

Further, by stirring the residue for 10 minutes and washing with water, the alkali metal salt of sulfite is easily dissolved in water, hydrolyzed to exhibit alkalinity, and (Na ₂ SO ₃ ) + (2H ₂ O) → (2NaOH) + (H ₂
SO ₃ ) (K ₂ SO ₃ ) + (2H ₂ O) → (2KOH) + (H ₂ SO
₃ ) These substances were dissolved in water and carbide remained, but no harmful SOx gas component was detected in the carbide.

Therefore, the harmful SOx components become a part of the residue, such as sodium sulfite (powder) (Na ₂ SO ₃ ), potassium sulfite (powder) (K ₂ SO ₃ ), moisture (H ₂ O),
Gas (CO ₂ ), preventing the generation of SOx gas,
It was confirmed that the detoxification of SOx gas can be realized from the decomposition gas and the residue.

The treating agents used for the treatment of harmful components include: (1) a simple substance of an alkali metal compound, a mixture of plural kinds thereof; (2) the alkali metal compound is a substance of hydroxide or carbonate; Hydroxides and carbonates are sodium-based and potassium-based substances. (4) The desulfurizing agent is sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, natural soda, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide. It was also found that a single substance selected from the group consisting of, potassium hydroxide, and a mixture of a plurality of kinds were suitable.

Therefore, the harmful components (chlorine-based gas and sulfur oxide-based gas) in the generated decomposed gas are contacted with the added treating agent, so that the harmful components are harmless sodium chloride (NaCl, KCl) and sulfite. (Na ₂ SO ₃ , K ₂
Since SO ₃ is replaced and generated, harmful components (chlorine-based gas and sulfur oxide-based gas) can be eliminated from the decomposition gas and the residue, and harmless decomposition gas and harmless residue can be obtained.

The detoxified residue (object to be treated) is reduced in volume by carbonization or the like in a volume reduction step furnace 200, and is taken out to the dissolution tank 14 together with the harmless sodium chloride and sulfite of the reaction product. It is. The sodium chloride and the sulfite can be effectively removed by washing with a solution such as water.

As described above, according to the present invention, the inside of the decomposition reaction step furnace is divided into a drying step area and a salt generation step area, and a stagnation means and a heating means capable of individually controlling the temperature are formed in each step area.
Heat treatment is performed at a temperature suitable for each process area, and the volume is reduced by a volume reduction process furnace.The number of heat treatment furnaces and how to arrange them are arbitrarily determined according to the conditions of the installation location, etc. It can be realized even if selected. A part of the embodiment will be described with reference to a schematic diagram.

Now, the decomposition reaction step furnace is referred to as decomposition means 1, the drying step area formed in the decomposition reaction means 1 is referred to as drying means 1a and the salt generation step area is referred to as salt generation means 1b, and the volume reduction step furnace is reduced in volume. Assuming that the processing means 2 and the duct 3 are used, the processing apparatus of FIG. 1 is schematically illustrated as in FIG. That is, the decomposition reaction means and the volume reduction means are arranged substantially in parallel on the same vertical line on one side of the duct 3 in the vertical direction, and the object processed by the upper decomposition reaction means 1 is reduced through the duct 3 to the lower part. The volume is reduced by the volume means 2 and discharged. Reference numeral 4 denotes an openable door (partition) whose degree of opening and closing can be controlled.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the second embodiment in which the decomposition reaction means 1 and the volume reduction means 2 are linearly arranged on both sides of the duct 3. However, it is not always necessary to arrange them linearly, and they may be arranged radially at an arbitrary angle around the duct as viewed in plan.

FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment, in which (A) shows a front view and (B) shows a side view, and the decomposition reaction means 1 and the volume reduction means 2 are on the same side of the duct 3. This is a case in which they are arranged vertically.

In each of the embodiments described above, the duct 3 is set up vertically. However, the duct 3 is not necessarily required to be set up vertically, and may be inclined.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the fourth embodiment, in which the decomposition reaction means and the volume reduction means are installed on the same plane.
In this case, a transfer means for transferring an object to be processed such as a screw body or a conveyor is provided in the duct 3.

[0143]

As described above, according to the present invention, when heat-treating an object containing harmful components, the object to be treated is located near the terminal end of each step of drying, salt generation, volume reduction, etc. Since the movement of the object to be processed is controlled by providing a stagnation means for temporarily stagnating the flow of the workpiece, and each of the process areas is heated by a different heating means, the movement of the object to be processed is partially performed in each of the process areas. The heat treatment of the object to be processed is reliably performed in each process area while being suppressed.

Further, the decomposition reaction step is divided into a drying step area and a salt generation step area, and the temperature is increased to a temperature at which harmful components are decomposed and precipitated after removing water adhering to the object to be treated. The harmful components are surely decomposed and precipitated.

Further, it is necessary to perform heat treatment at different temperatures in the drying step and the salt generation step. However, in the present invention, the heating is performed by different heating means, so that the temperature control in each step area becomes easy, and The temperature can be maintained in a temperature range in which harmless components such as chlorine-based gas decomposed and precipitated from the treated product react with the treating agent to form harmless salts effectively.

Furthermore, since the harmful components are removed from the residue introduced into the furnace for reducing the volume, dioxins generated due to the harmful components do not exist in the residue in the volume reducing process. Therefore, dioxins remain as residues (carbides,
Ash), the residue can be rendered harmless, and metals and carbides can be extracted from the residue and reused.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a waste treatment facility according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a cylindrical body.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Decomposition reaction means 2 ... Volume reduction means 3 ... Duct 4 ... Opening / closing door 10 ... Hopper 11, 12, 13 ... Opening / closing valve 14 ... Dissolution tank 15 ... Combustion device 16 ... LNG tank 17 ... Communication pipe 18 ... Discharge pipe 19 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 20 ... Discharge pipe 21 ... Drying means 22 ... Pipe line 23 ... Exhaust gas combustion means 24 ... Discharge pipe 25 ... Bag filter 26 ... Air supply means 27 ... Chimney 28 ... Dehydration means 29 ... Carbide hopper 30 ... Water treatment means 31 ... Tin measurement Means 100: Decomposition reaction process furnace 200: Volume reduction process furnace 110, 210 ... Cylindrical body 111, 211 ... Supply port 112, 212 ... Discharge port 113, 213 ... Blade 114 ... Drying process area 115 ... Salt generation process area 116, 116 ', 216: Retaining means 121, 122: Heating cylinder 223: Heating cylinder 131, 231: Internal heating cylinder 132: Partition plate 133, 134: Heating chamber 135, 136 small diameter pipe 140, 240 rotary drive means 141, 241 drive motor 142, 242 drive gear 143, 243 driven gear 151, 251 supply side duct 152, 252 discharge side duct

Claims (20)

[Claims] 1. A processing method for heat-treating an object containing a harmful component to reduce the volume of the object, wherein the heat treatment comprises adding a treating agent of an alkali substance to the object and heating the object. Heating in a treatment furnace to decompose and precipitate harmful components from the treatment object, and make the harmless salts by contacting and reacting with the treatment agent of the alkali substance to detoxify the exhaust gas and detoxify the treatment object. A decomposition reaction step, and a volume reduction step of reducing the volume of the object to be processed in the decomposition reaction step by carbonization or the like.Each of these steps is performed in a different heat treatment furnace, and the decomposition reaction step A drying step of removing moisture from the material to be treated, and a salt generation step of generating harmless salts, wherein the drying step and the salt generation step are heated by different external heating means. Treatment method for component contents 2. A processing method for heat-treating an object containing a harmful component to reduce the volume of the object, wherein the heat treatment comprises adding a treating agent of an alkaline substance to the object and heating the object. Heating in a treatment furnace to decompose and precipitate harmful components from the treatment object, and make the harmless salts by contacting and reacting with the treatment agent of the alkali substance to detoxify the exhaust gas and detoxify the treatment object. A decomposition reaction step, and a volume reduction step of reducing the volume of the object to be processed in the decomposition reaction step by carbonization or the like.Each of these steps is performed in a different heat treatment furnace, and the decomposition reaction step A drying step for removing water from the object to be treated, and a salt producing step for producing harmless salts, wherein a retention means is provided near a step end portion of the drying step and the salt producing step, and the object to be treated is provided in each step. Make sure to stay for the specified time. Processing method of harmful components inclusions characterized. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the external heating means is a hot gas. 4. The process according to claim 1, wherein a retention means is formed in the vicinity of the end of the volume reduction step so that the object is retained for a predetermined time in the volume reduction step. How to treat harmful components. 5. The method for treating a harmful component-containing substance according to claim 1, wherein the heat treatment in the drying step is carried out at a temperature and for a time for removing moisture adhering to the object to be treated. 6. The heating temperature in the drying step is 100 to 200.
The method for treating a harmful component-containing substance according to any one of Claims 1, 2 and 5, wherein the treatment temperature is ℃. 7. The method for treating a harmful component-containing material according to claim 1, wherein the heat treatment in the salt generation step is performed at a temperature and for a time at which the harmful component decomposes and precipitates from the material to be treated. . 8. The heating temperature in the salt producing step is 200 to 3
The method for treating a harmful component-containing substance according to claim 1, wherein the temperature is 50 ° C. 9. 9. The heat treatment in the volume reduction step includes at least one heat treatment.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the heat treatment is performed in two heat treatment furnaces.
Or the method for treating a harmful component-containing material according to 4. 10. The treatment of a harmful component-containing material according to any one of claims 1, 2, 4, and 9, wherein the volume reduction step comprises carbonizing or ashing the object to be treated. Method. 11. The harmful component-containing material according to claim 1, wherein the volume reduction step separates and collects metals after carbonization, and performs the remaining residue in a different heat treatment furnace. Processing method. 12. The heat treatment in the volume reduction step is carried out at a temperature of 350 ° C. to 700 ° C. at which the material to be treated is carbonized or at 800 ° C. or more at which the material is incinerated. ,
The method for treating a harmful component-containing material according to any one of claims 10 and 11. 13. The treatment agent for an alkaline substance is at least one selected from an alkali metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth metal, and an alkaline earth metal compound which react with harmful components to form harmless salts. The method for treating a harmful component-containing material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the alkali metal compound is a hydroxide or a carbonate. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hydroxide and the carbonate are sodium-based and potassium-based substances.
5. The method for treating a harmful component-containing material according to 4. 16. The treating agent may be a simple substance selected from the group consisting of sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, natural soda, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide. The method for treating a harmful component-containing substance according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method is a mixture. 17. A processing apparatus for reducing the volume of an object to be treated by heat-treating the object containing a harmful component, wherein the heat treatment comprises adding a treating agent of an alkali substance to the object to be heated. Heating in a furnace to decompose and precipitate harmful components from the material to be treated and make it harmless by contacting and reacting with a treatment agent for alkaline substances to detoxify the exhaust gas and render the material harmless It consists of a reaction process furnace and a volume reduction process furnace that reduces the volume of the material processed in the decomposition reaction process furnace by carbonization, etc.The decomposition reaction process furnace and the volume reduction process furnace are composed of different heat treatment furnaces. At the same time, the discharge side of the decomposition reaction step furnace and the supply side of the volume reduction step furnace are connected via a duct, and the decomposition reaction step furnace has a drying step area for removing moisture from the processing object, and a harmless Forming a salt generation process zone that produces Processor harmful components inclusions, characterized in that with different heating means. 18. The heat treatment furnace of the decomposition reaction step furnace and the volume reduction step furnace is formed of a cylindrical body having a supply port for the object to be treated on one end and a discharge port on the other end. The apparatus for treating a harmful component-containing substance according to claim 17, further comprising means for moving while stirring. 19. The treatment of harmful component-containing substances according to claim 17, wherein the heating means in the drying step area and the salt generation step area in the decomposition reaction step furnace is an external heating means capable of individually controlling the temperature. apparatus. 20. The treatment of a harmful component-containing substance according to claim 17, wherein a retention means for temporarily retaining the substance to be treated is provided near an end of the drying step area and the salt generation step area. apparatus.