ITVR20130186A1 - PROCEDURE FOR THE TREATMENT OF PLASTIC MATERIALS AND / OR METAL-PLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND PLANT FOR ITS REALIZATION - Google Patents

Description

PROCEDURE FOR THE TREATMENT OF PLASTIC MATERIALS AND / OR METAL-PLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND PLANT FOR ITS REALIZATION

DESCRIPTION

The invention relates to a process for the treatment of plastic materials and / or metal-plastic composite materials and to a plant for its manufacture.

It is known that plastics, such as polyolefins or other synthetically produced polymers, are derived from petroleum refining products, such as virgin naphtha.

Nowadays, metal-plastic composite materials are widely used, generally consisting, but not limited to, of films, laminates or coupled consisting of plastic and metal materials, with which various types of products are made, such as, for example , bags for ready-made soups, packs of coffee, pods for coffee or tea, bags for chips or other foods and so on.

A problem currently strongly felt is that inherent in the difficulties encountered in the disposal of waste or residues of industrial production and / or waste in plastic material or in metal-plastic composite materials of the type described above, since the systems currently used provide for the combustion of the material to be treated with dispersion into the environment of gases which can cause even serious pollution phenomena.

The main aim of the present invention is to provide a process which gives the possibility of radically eliminating the environmental problems associated with the treatment of waste or plastic material and / or metal-plastic composite materials, avoiding the emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere deriving from them. .

Within this aim, an object of the present invention is to provide a method which allows the metal component to be completely recovered from metal-plastic composite materials.

Another object of the invention is to provide a method which makes it possible to obtain a combustible liquid from the treatment of plastic materials and / or metal-plastic composite materials.

Another object of the invention is to provide a method which can be carried out by means of a plant which is relatively simple from the structural point of view and such as to have low energy consumption, so as to allow advantageous management also from an economic point of view.

This aim, as well as these and other objects which will become clearer hereinafter, are achieved by a method according to the invention, as defined in claim 1.

Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will become clearer from the description of a preferred but not exclusive embodiment of a plant for the treatment of plastics and / or metalloplastic composite materials, according to the invention, illustrated by way of non-limiting example, in the united drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a side elevation view of the plant according to the frame;

Figure 2 is a top plan view of the plant according to the invention;

Figure 3 is a section taken along the line III-III of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a sectional view along the line IV-IV;

figure 5 is a perspective view of a reactor belonging to the plant according to the invention;

figure 6 shows the reactor in perspective view from a different angle;

Figure 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of the reactor;

figure 8 is a perspective view of a catalytic chamber, isolated from the plant;

figure 9 is a sectional view along the line IX-IX of figure 8;

Figure 10 schematically shows in cross section a first embodiment of a condenser of the plant according to the invention; Figure 11 shows a sectional view along a vertical plane of a second embodiment of a condenser of the plant according to the invention;

Figure 12 is a side elevation view of a purification tower with internal parts shown in broken line.

With reference to the aforementioned figures, the material to be treated is suitably fed to the system according to the invention, globally indicated with 1, by means of a suitable device, constituted, for example, by a hydraulic feeder 2.

For example, the material to be treated is, in general, constituted by synthetic plastic material and / or by composite materials formed by a plastic part and a metal part.

More particularly, the material to be treated can, for example, comprise secondary raw material, coming from industrial production, and / or selected waste in polyolefin-based plastic material and / or in metalloplastic composite material, in which the plastic part is based polyolefin.

The material to be treated can also comprise rubbers, such as tire rubbers or the like.

It should be noted that plastic materials such as PVC are not suitable for treatment by the method and plant according to the invention, since they could give rise to the formation of pollutants, such as dioxins or the like.

Once it reaches the plant 1, the material to be treated undergoes a heating phase, in the absence of oxygen and in the presence of at least a first catalyst, up to a temperature substantially between 250 ° C and 400 ° C, more preferably between 280 ° C and 380 ° C, so as to determine a decomposition of the polymers contained in the material to be treated, with the formation of a mixture of primary gases, due to the gasification of the olefins.

This heating phase is carried out inside a reactor 3, better described below, to which heating means are associated, suitably constituted by one or more burners 4, which can be fed, for example, with combustible gas, such as methane or gpl.

Advantageously, it is provided that the reactor 3 is rotated during the heating phase, in order to mix the material to be treated and thus favor the formation of the mixture of primary gases.

Conveniently, the first catalyst used in the heating step can comprise a catalyst consisting of:

(a) 10% -40% w / w of zeolite selected from the group consisting of: (a1) a Y-type zeolite, having pores with a diameter substantially between 0.50 nm and 95 nm and optionally comprising one or more elements of the rare earths, and (a2) a ZSM-5, ZSM-11 type zeolite or mixtures thereof having pores less than 0.6 nm in diameter; And

(b) 60% -90% w / w of a matrix comprising a component selected from the group consisting of: (b1) a synthetic component, comprising silica, alumina or their mixtures, and (b2) a natural component, comprising kaolin, clay modified, or mixtures thereof.

The aforementioned matrix also comprises one or more additives.

The mixture of primary gases formed in the heating phase is subsequently subjected to a catalysis phase, in which it is introduced into a catalytic chamber 5, where it is placed in contact with at least a second catalyst, which is able to facilitate, in presence of constant and controlled temperatures, substantially between 30 ° C and 250 ° C, the division of the molecules of the primary gases, giving rise to new medium-long molecular chains and thus obtaining a mixture of secondary gases.

The second catalyst used in the catalysis step advantageously comprises an inorganic acid catalyst, which is conveniently constituted by monolithic ceramic cylinders with a honeycomb structure, preferably, but not necessarily, having dimensions of 35x40 mm, or compounds of natural clays (silicoaluminates) obtained by acid treatment and subsequent calcination.

Once the catalysis step has been carried out, the mixture of secondary gases obtained in the previous step is sent to at least one condenser 6, in which at least a part of the secondary gases is made to condense to obtain a combustible condensate.

In practice, this combustible condensate consists of an unconventional fuel formed by a mixture of virgin naphtha generally containing: light gasoline, heavy gasoline, kerosene, light diesel, heavy diesel.

Advantageously, at the end of the condensation phase, the non-condensed fraction of the secondary gases, containing, for example, non-condensable gases, such as butane, propane and, in some cases, n-paraffins, can be used for maintaining the temperature and heating of the reactor 3 through its combustion by means of the burners 4, thus avoiding its release into the atmosphere.

In this way, it is possible to carry out a transformation of the plastic material into an unconventional fuel, without contact with oxygen and without the emission of pollutants, since the process is carried out within a closed circuit. It should also be pointed out that, advantageously, the combustion gases emitted by the burners 4, during the heating and maintaining the temperature of the reactor 3, instead of being discharged directly into the atmosphere, are sent to a special filtration apparatus with several purification stages. , conveniently constituted by a purification tower 7, which will be better described hereinafter, which allows to reduce the pollutants contained in the combustion gases, so that the emissions leaving the plant 1 are free of fine dust.

Moving on to describe in more detail the plant according to the invention, it can be seen, in particular in Figure 7, how the reactor 3 has a reaction chamber 8, defined internally to a cylindrical casing 9, with a substantially horizontal axis.

In particular, the reaction chamber 8 is adapted to house the first catalyst and has a loading opening 10, through which the material to be treated is introduced into it, and at least one outlet 11 for the mixture of primary gases which it is formed inside it during the heating phase.

Advantageously, the cylindrical casing 9 can be operated in rotation around its own axis by means of motor means 11, consisting, for example, of a toothed wheel or a circular rack 12, placed externally at one end of the cylindrical casing 9 and operatively connected to a motor 13, possibly by interposing a reducer.

Conveniently, the reactor 3 rests, with the cylindrical casing 9, on a base 14, advantageously equipped with high-tightness rotating bearings 15, suitable for supporting the weight and rotation of the reactor 3 for a long time. reduced dimensions, the reactor 3 can alternatively be mounted on a suitable transportable trolley, so as to be able to easily move it.

Conveniently, the burners 4 are housed in the base 14.

The loading opening 10 of the reactor 3 is suitably arranged at one end of the cylindrical casing 9 and can have variable dimensions or shapes according to the type of material to be treated. Advantageously, a door 10a with hermetic closure is associated with the loading opening 10, so as not to allow oxygen to come into contact with the material to be treated inserted in the reactor 3. In particular, the door 10a is suitably equipped with gaskets , preferably but not necessarily in metal, resistant to high temperatures, and its closure is carried out by tightening bolts of suitable dimensions.

Advantageously, in the cylindrical casing 9 of the reactor 3 there is also a discharge opening 16, smaller in size than the loading opening 10, which serves to empty the ashes and residues deriving from the transformation of the material to be treated inside. of reactor 3.

Also in the case of the discharge opening 16, the closure takes place in a hermetic way by means of a suitable closing door 16a equipped with gaskets resistant to high temperatures.

The dimensions and the positioning of the discharge opening 16 can vary according to the needs. In particular, the discharge opening 16 can be positioned at the same end of the cylindrical casing 9 in which the loading opening 10 is defined, as in the example shown, or it can be positioned laterally to the cylindrical casing 9.

At the end of the cylindrical casing 9 opposite to that in which the loading opening 10 is positioned, the outlet mouth 11 is defined through which the mixture of primary gases that forms inside the chamber can escape from the reactor 3 reaction 8. It should be noted that the outlet 11 may possibly be protected by a grid 11a made of perforated sheet metal.

Advantageously, inside the reaction chamber 8 of the reactor 3, one or more spiral-shaped elements 17 are provided, suitably protruding from the internal surface of the cylindrical casing 9, which develop around the axis of the cylindrical casing 9, possibly for the entire length of the reaction chamber 8. These spiral-shaped elements 17 have the function of favoring the mixing of the material to be treated and may have variable heights and pitches according to the construction or application needs.

Conveniently, still inside the reaction chamber 8, there can also be present, at the ends of the spiral-shaped elements 17, a blade or more blades suitable for collecting the waste and facilitating the emptying of the reactor 3.

The reactor 3 advantageously has an external coating 18, substantially hermetic, which is suitably made of metallic material and refractory cement and with a variable thickness according to requirements.

The outer casing 18 can be assembled in a single piece or in several pieces and has different functions, such as protecting the reactor 3 and creating an interspace 19, at a substantially constant temperature, defined between the cylindrical casing 9 and the lining itself. exterior 18 of the reactor 3, into which the combustion gases produced by the burners 4 and necessary for heating the reactor 3 are conveyed.

With its outlet 11, the reactor 3 is suitably hermetically connected to the catalytic chamber 5, which is defined by a hollow cylindrical body 20 which has an access fitting 21 which is connected to the outlet 11 of the reactor 3, advantageously by means of a rotating joint 22.

In the hollow cylindrical body 20 of the catalytic chamber 5 there is housed a plurality of micro-perforated bulkheads 23, which support the second catalyst.

As in the example illustrated, the hollow cylindrical body 20 can have a substantially vertical development and the micro-perforated bulkheads 23 can be arranged inside it in a mutually superimposed position and substantially transversely to the axis of the hollow cylindrical body 20.

Inside the catalytic chamber 5, the mixture of primary gases coming from the reactor 3 is forced, preferably by means of suitable internal pipes, not shown, to pass through the micro-perforated bulkheads 23 and, therefore, also through the second catalyst, so as to obtain the decomposition of the primary gases and allowing the recomposition of the molecules obtained from the decomposition of the primary gases, so as to give rise to new medium-long molecular chains, which form a mixture of secondary gases, which can escape from the catalytic chamber 5 through a discharge mouth 24.

It should be noted that the access fitting 21 and the exhaust port of the catalytic chamber 5 are suitably positioned, respectively, in a lower zone and in an upper zone of the catalytic chamber itself.

However, nothing prevents the catalytic chamber 5 from having different shapes or sizes from those illustrated, according to requirements.

It should also be pointed out that the catalytic chamber 5 also has the function of filtering the mixture of primary gases and purifying them, so as to obtain, at the end of the process, a high quality fuel which is free of impurities.

Conveniently, the catalytic chamber 5 can also be equipped with sensors 25 for detecting, for example, the temperature and the quantity of secondary gases that are formed inside it, or other parameters.

By means of a suitable connection duct 26, the outlet 24 of the catalytic chamber 5 is in communication with at least one condenser 6, which has the function of very rapidly cooling the gases coming from the catalytic chamber 5, causing them to condense and, therefore, transforming them from the state gaseous to liquid.

More preferably, a plurality of capacitors 6 arranged in series are provided.

Conveniently, each condenser 6 generally has at least one passage channel 27 through which the mixture of secondary gases arriving from the catalytic chamber 5 is made to flow. Said passage channel 23 is in a heat exchange ratio with a refrigerant fluid , which may consist of water or another coolant.

The condensers 6 have a relative outlet 28 for the evacuation of the combustible condensate that is formed in the passage channel 27 of the condensers 6. The combustible condensate that comes out of the outlet 28 is conveniently collected in a suitable tank 29, placed below the capacitors 6.

By way of example, the capacitors 6 can be made according to two different embodiments.

In a first embodiment, shown in cross section in Figure 10, the condensers 6 have a main body 30, of cylindrical shape and substantially horizontal development, inside which both the secondary gases and the refrigerant fluid flow.

More particularly, in this embodiment, the passage channel 27 for the mixture of secondary gases is defined inside at least one conveying duct 31, housed in the main body 26 of the condensers 6.

As also shown in Figure 10, this conveying duct 31 has a closed development cross section, preferably shaped like a circular crown, and is delimited by an internal wall 31a and an external wall 31b, lapped by a counter-current flow of the refrigerant fluid. , which is made to slide in the areas of space 32 left free by the conveying duct 31, inside the main body 30 of the condensers 6.

According to a different embodiment, the condensers 6 are of the immersion type and, more particularly, have a tank 33, open at the top, which contains the cooling fluid and internally houses a central body 34, which defines the passage channel 27 for the mixture of secondary gases and which is immersed, at least partially, in the refrigerant fluid contained in the tank 33.

The outlet 28 for the combustible condensate is defined in the lower part of the central body 34.

Both solutions have an extremely high efficiency and guarantee excellent results and yields.

The condensers 6 also have at least one discharge port 35 to allow the evacuation of any non-condensed fraction of the secondary gases.

Advantageously, the discharge port 35 of the condensers can be connected at the inlet to the burners 4, so as to be able to use the non-condensed fraction of the secondary gases to heat and / or maintain the reactor 3 at temperature by means of their combustion.

Conveniently, the discharge port 35 of the condensers 6 is controlled by retaining means 36, which have the function of preventing the return towards the reactor 3 of the non-condensed fraction of the secondary gases which comes out of the passage channel 27 of the condensers 6.

For example, these retaining means 36 are suitably made by means of a hydraulic guard 37.

In order to eliminate or at least drastically reduce the possible emissions of pollutants, the plant, according to the invention, is also advantageously provided with the purification tower 7 for the combustion gases emitted by the burners 4. With reference to Figure 12, such purification tower 7 has a purification chamber 38, with a substantially vertical development, which has, in a lower area, an inlet 39, connected to the outlet of the burners 4, and, in an upper zone, an outlet 40 , connected to an exhaust pipe 41 for the purified gases.

The purification chamber 38 is in turn divided internally into a filtration chamber 38a and a removal chamber 38b, which are interposed between the inlet 39 and the outlet 40.

More specifically, the filtration chamber 38a communicates with the inlet 39, so as to receive the gases coming out of the burners 4, and has inside it at least two filtration stages 41, each of which is advantageously consisting of a micro-perforated septum 42 on which at least one ceramic filter 43 is applied, with several layers, intended to be crossed by the gases arriving from the inlet 39, in order to retain fine dust.

The abatement chamber 38b communicates at the inlet with the filtration chamber 38a so as to be able to be crossed by the gases coming from the filtration chamber 38a.

In particular, in the abatement chamber 38b there are spray nozzles 44, which are able to emit high-pressure micronized water jets which flow through the abatement chamber 38b in countercurrent with respect to the flow of gases coming from the filtration chamber 38a. , in order to definitively purify the gases of harmful elements, as well as cleaning the ceramic filters 43.

Advantageously, the spray nozzles 44 receive water from external pipes 45, which draw from suitable tanks or from the water mains. Conveniently, the purification tower 7 is equipped with a gas suction fan, not shown, and a drain 46 for the water emitted by the spray nozzles 44.

It should be noted that the dimensions of the purification tower 7 may be proportionate to the size of the plant 1 and to the type of burners 4 used to heat the reactor 3.

Advantageously, it is also possible to provide, as in the example of Figure 12, the presence of a further filtration stage 41 downstream of the spray nozzles 44 and before the outlet 40.

The use and operation of the plant according to the invention are as follows.

Initially, the material to be treated is loaded into the reactor 3 which can be, for example, made up of selected plastic materials based on polyolefins, deriving from industrial waste, waste or other, and / or from metal-plastic composite materials.

The first catalyst is then inserted into the reactor, suitably in a volume quantity comprised between 2% and 5% of the volume of the material to be treated.

The burners 4 are activated, so as to obtain the heating of the reactor 3, until it reaches a constant temperature from 280 ° C with variations up to 380 ° C.

The reactor 3 is also put into rotation by activating the motor means 11.

Substantially after about two hours, the synthesis of the primary gases begins in reactor 3.

The primary gases produced leave the reactor 3 through its outlet 11 and reach the access fitting 21 of the catalytic chamber 5 through the rotating joint 22.

Once inside the catalytic chamber 5, the mixture of primary gases comes into contact with the second catalyst.

In particular, by means of the internal pipes of the catalytic chamber 5, the primary gases are forced to pass through the micro-perforated bulkheads 23 which support the second catalyst.

At the temperature at which the primary gases are found, the second catalyst is able to divide the molecules of the primary gases, giving rise to new medium-long chains and thus forming the mixture of secondary gases.

The new secondary gases produced are made to flow along the condensers 6 in series and are cooled and maintained at a constant temperature, by means of the refrigerant fluid that passes through the condensers 6.

The secondary gases, inside the passage channels 27 of the condensers 6, cool rapidly and condense giving rise to the combustible condensate, which collects in the lower tank 29.

During the passage through the condensers 6, not all the secondary gases condense and, therefore, an uncondensed fraction of them exits the condensers 6 through their exhaust port 35, passing 37 the water seal which allows to avoid their return towards the reactor 3.

As mentioned above, starting from a material to be treated comprising polyolefin plastic material, the non-condensed gases can be constituted by a mixture of butane, propane, n-paraffins, with a chemical combination similar to that of the gases obtainable in the refinery with a process of catalytic cracking.

These non-condensed secondary gases are then conveyed and introduced into the burners 4 to be burned in order to keep the temperature of the reactor 3 constant.

When all the material contained in the reactor 3 has been subjected to the transformation treatment, the temperatures and the internal pressure of the plant 1 decrease until the complete shutdown of the plant 1.

By way of example, a load of 10 tons of plastic material is completely transformed in reactor 3 in 10/14 hours.

Once the transformation is complete and after the reactor 3 has partially cooled, it is possible to proceed with the extraction of any metals remaining inside the reactor 3, until it is completely emptied.

In this way, it is possible to carry out the recovery of metals from metalloplastic composite materials, such as, for example, coupled / laminated metal-plastic.

Finally, the system is cleaned by vacuuming the residues left inside the reactor.

These residues normally consist of a modest quantity of ash, approximately equal to 2-5% of the mass of the treated material, mostly containing traces of dyes and carbonaceous dust. The extraction of the ashes takes place through the discharge opening 16 of the reactor 3 and, possibly, by rotating the cylindrical casing of the reactor 3 around its axis in the opposite direction of rotation with respect to that in which it is rotated during the process transformation of the material to be treated.

Following analysis, the ashes are sent to landfills of aggregates.

It should be noted that the combustible condensate produced can, for example, have an average LHV (lower calorific value) of 10,800-10,900 kcal / kg.

It should be noted that the plant 1 can also be used for the treatment of tires, from which it is possible to obtain non-conventional fuel, steel and combustible coal resulting from the compaction of the ashes obtained from the transformation of tires. In this way, any fine dust remains trapped in the ceramic filters and cannot in any way go into the atmosphere.

For the sake of completeness, it should be noted that the combustion gases emitted by the burners 4 are sent to the purification tower 7, thanks to the action of its suction fan.

Inside the purification tower 7, once the micro-perforated septa 42 and the ceramic filters 43 of the filtration chamber 38a have been passed, the combustion gases reach the abatement chamber 38b where the high pressure micronized water jets emitted by the nozzles sprayers 44 definitively purify them of harmful elements, as well as also purify the ceramic filters 43, before the gases escape from the purification tower 7, which have been knocked down and purified through the exhaust duct 41.

In practice, mainly water vapor and a very low percentage of burnt gases free of fine dust can come out of the purification tower 7.

In practice it has been found that the invention is able to fully accomplish the intended aim and objects and, in particular, it is emphasized that the plant and the method according to the invention allow the treatment of plastic material and the recovery of metals from compounds metal-plastic, without polluting emissions and by transforming the plastic into an unconventional fuel.

It has been found that the combustible condensate obtainable by means of the plant and the method according to the invention is constituted by a mixture of hydrocarbons which has been found to be able to power generators equipped with a particular internal combustion engine, producing electrical efficiencies much higher than those obtained with generators. traditional through the use of conventional fuels.

All the characteristics of the invention, indicated above as advantageous, convenient or the like, can also be missing or be replaced by equivalents. The individual characteristics set forth with reference to general teachings or particular embodiments can all be present in other embodiments or substitute features in these embodiments.

The invention thus conceived is susceptible of numerous modifications and variations, all of which are within the scope of the inventive concept.

In practice, the materials employed, so long as they are compatible with the specific use, as well as the dimensions and shapes, may be any according to requirements.

Furthermore, all the details can be replaced by other technically equivalent elements.

Claims (17)

CLAIMS 1. Process for the treatment of plastic materials and / or metal-plastic composite materials characterized in that it comprises the steps which consist in heating the material to be treated, in the absence of oxygen and in the presence of at least a first catalyst, to a substantially between 250 ° C and 400 ° C to obtain the formation of a mixture of primary gases, in contacting said mixture of primary gases with at least a second catalyst to obtain a mixture of secondary gases, in condensing at least a part of said secondary gases to obtain a combustible condensate. 2. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that it provides a step which consists in burning at least a part of the non-condensed fraction of said secondary gases to generate heat to be used in the heating step of the material to be treated. 3. Process according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said at least one first catalyst comprises a catalyst consisting of: (a) 10% -40% w / w of zeolite selected from the group consisting of: (a1) a Y-type zeolite, having pores with a diameter substantially between 0.50 nm and 95 nm and optionally comprising one or more elements of the rare earths, and (a2) a ZSM-5, ZSM-11 type zeolite or mixtures thereof having pores less than 0.6 nm in diameter; And (b) 60% -90% w / w of a matrix comprising a component selected from the group consisting of: (b1) a synthetic component, comprising silica, alumina or mixtures thereof, and (b2) a natural component, comprising kaolin, clay modified, or mixtures thereof; said matrix further comprising one or more additives. 4. Process according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said at least one second catalyst comprises an inorganic acid catalyst. 5. Process according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said inorganic acid catalyst comprises monolithic ceramic cylinders with a honeycomb structure or compounds of natural clays (silicoaluminates) obtained by acid treatment and subsequent calcination. 6. Process according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said heating step of the material to be treated is carried out in a reactor (3) which is rotated to achieve mixing of the material to be treated and to favor the formation of said mixture of primary gases. 7. Process according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said material to be treated comprises second raw material and / or waste in plastic material and / or in composite metalloplastic material based on polyolefins. 8. Process according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said combustible condensate comprises a mixture of virgin naphtha. 9. Plant for the treatment of plastics and / or metal-plastic composite materials characterized in that it comprises a reactor (3) associated with heating means and defining a reaction chamber (8), containing at least a first catalyst, and having a loading opening (10) for the material to be treated and at least one outlet (11) for a mixture of primary gases being formed inside said reaction chamber (8), said outlet (11) of said reactor (3) being connected to a catalytic chamber (5) housing at least a second catalyst and having at least one discharge port (24) for a mixture of secondary gases forming inside said catalytic chamber (5), called at least one port (24) of said catalytic chamber (5) being in communication with at least one condenser (6) having at least one passage channel (27) intended to be crossed by said mixture of secondary gases and in exchange ratio or thermal with a cooling fluid, said at least one condenser (6) having an outlet (28) for a combustible condensate being formed along said at least one passage channel (27). 10. Plant according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said reactor comprises a cylindrical casing (9), with a substantially horizontal axis, internally defining said reaction chamber (8) and operable in rotation around its own axis by motor means (12) . 11. Plant according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said reactor (3) has, inside said reaction chamber (8), at least one element with a spiral conformation (17), extending around the axis of said cylindrical casing (9), to facilitate mixing of said material to be treated. 12. Plant according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said heating means comprise at least one burner (4) and that said at least one condenser (6) has at least one discharge port (35) for the exit from said at least a condenser (6) of the non-condensed fraction of said secondary gases, said discharge port (35) being connectable at the inlet to said at least burner (4). 13. Plant according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said catalytic chamber (5) is defined inside a hollow cylindrical body (20) housing a plurality of micro-perforated bulkheads (23) supporting said at least one second catalyst. 14. Plant according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said at least one condenser (6) comprises a tank (33), open at the top and containing said refrigerant fluid, and a central body (34), defining said at least one channel passage (27) for said mixture of secondary gases, said central body (34) being immersed, at least partially, in said cooling fluid contained in said tank (33). 15. Plant according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said at least one condenser (6) comprises at least one conveying duct (31) defining said at least one passage channel (27) for said mixture of secondary gases, said at least a conveying duct being delimited by an internal wall (31a) and an external wall (31b) lapped by a counter-current flow of said refrigerant fluid. 16. Plant according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said discharge port (35) of said at least one condenser (6) is controlled by retaining means (36) adapted to prevent the return towards said reactor (3) of the non-condensed fraction of said secondary gases leaving said at least one passage channel (27). 17. Plant according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a purification tower (7) for the combustion gases leaving said at least one burner (4), said purification tower (7) comprising a purification chamber (38), with a substantially vertical development, having an inlet (39), connected to the combustion gas outlet of said at least one burner (4), and an outlet (40), connected to an exhaust duct (41) of the purified gases, between said inlet (39) and said outlet (40) being interposed, inside said purification chamber (38), a filtration chamber (38a) having at least one filter in ceramic (43), intended to be crossed by the gases arriving from said inlet (39), and a reduction chamber (38b) for the gases leaving said filtration chamber (38a) in which spray nozzles (44) are housed ) acts to emit jets of micronized water at high pressure in countercurrent with respect to the flow of gases passing through said abatement chamber (38b).