ITSA20120015A1 - WIND ROTOR WITH VERTICAL AXIS, WITH PALLETS OR FIXED OR ROTATING OR INCLINED TOWARDS THE AXLE, WITH MAGNETIC INTEGRATION SYSTEM, ANTI-SEISMIC SUPPORT, ELECTRIC GENERATOR AND SUPPORT TOWER. - Google Patents

Description

TEXT OF THE DESCRIPTION

Wind energy: historical background, state of the art, use in various applications and advantages.

Wind is an indirect form of solar energy that is practically inexhaustible even if it is not constant. Today's wind machines derive from windmills and consist of one or more blades that rotate together around an axis, vertical or horizontal, designed with profiles designed to accommodate the wind that "forces" them to rotate. Part of the kinetic energy is transformed into mechanical rotation energy (in the past, for operating machines). The rotor drives a generator and thus electric current is obtained. The maximum limit of the amount of energy that can be obtained from the system usually called wind generator, corresponds to about 60% of the total. Everything depends mainly on two fundamental factors, which are the cube of the wind speed and the square of the diameter of the rotor blades. Other conditioning factors are: wind variability and aerodynamics of the blade profile. In vertical axis rotors, as well as in this object of the invention, essential factors for the quantity of energy that can be produced are: the ratio between the height and the base of the blades, the aerodynamic profile of these, their reciprocal position, the diameter of the rotor itself, its own weight, the flywheel effect of inertia, the location, etc. some interesting features. The energy produced, even if discontinuous, is always available day and night and is not polluting. It can be accumulated in special batteries or fed directly into the grid to provide additional power or it can be exploited on the spot where it is required and does not need long and expensive connections with the places of use. It can be used, among other things, for the electrolysis of water, thus producing hydrogen, for the construction, in particular, of fuel cells. It can be deduced from this that the exploitation of energy from the wind becomes more and more a planetary need, which is to meet energy needs. For all this, currently, the state of the art of vertical axis wind turbines has been positively consolidated which, unlike those with horizontal axis, can be installed anywhere, not necessarily in windy sites, because they produce electricity at lower degrees of the Beaufort scale, a scale that goes from 0, corresponding to Calma (wind from 0 to 1.6 km / hour) to 12, corresponding to Hurricane (wind from 117.6 to 132 km / hour). The Darrieus, Savonius, Flettner, among others, belong to the class of vertical axis rotors, but they have never had a significant practical application, always remaining in the field of prototyping and experimentation. Today, research has led to technologically advanced and relatively suitable vertical axis rotor models for use because they are still not efficient in terms of yield. The device according to the invention which belongs to the class of vertical axis rotors and which is easy to construct and assemble, compared to the existing one, has the following advantages:

- zero environmental impact;

- rotating parts with intrinsic structural stability, due to the correct ratio between the diameter of the hub and the diameter of the rotor, between the width of the blades and their height;

- particular aerodynamic geometry of the blades;

- possibility of being mounted on any artifact and at any height-altitude with the maximum guarantee of stability, due to the anti-seismic device, which is also the subject of the invention, which absorbs, dampens and eliminates vibrations or torsions of the entire wind machine;

- start of the rotation of the rotor with winds of less than lm / sec = 3.6 km / hour, thanks also to the integration of the magnet system which favors the initial start;

- already with winds of 2m / sec = 7.2 km / hour it produces watts of electricity;

- the highly innovative possibility of using a speed regulator in the rotor versions with three or more blades rotating around their axes at the ends of the vertical center lines; the kinematic system, which is also the subject of the invention, is placed at the center of the rotor and, connected either with a hinge crank mechanism (fig. 31) or with toothed sprocket gear (fig. 32) to all the perimeter blades, from these receive, in synchrony, rotation due to the centripetal force that the speed of the rotor causes on the blades; the kinematics determines aerodynamic configurations that the blades offer to the wind at different speeds, inducing as many different speeds of rotation to the rotor; with very strong winds the rotor, slowing down almost to a stop, tends to close like a cylinder; both kinematic systems according to the invention are equipped with a calibrated dynamometer, return spring and suitable end-of-stroke;

- as an alternative to tubular trusses and towers in current use, use of one of the two modular systems object of the invention. The first, with a diagonalized square module, in mostly flat profile, forming cuboctahedral blocks, superimposed to form a tower-pillar; the second, with the use of angles usually with equal sides for cubic cells, superimposed to form the support tower;

- the possibility of dimensioning the wind turbine in proportion to the required power, that is the possibility of making the optimal and specific choice of the ratio between diameter and height of the system-rotor.

Theory, calculations, power, performance.

The theory and the calculations that are related to the rotors and that, with reference to the efficiency, are necessary to determine, in a sufficiently reliable way, the extractable power with a specific type of rotor, essentially take into account the following parameters: power obtained in kilowatts, density of the air, absorbing surface in square meters, wind speed in m / sec and, finally, a coefficient referred to the type of rotor used and to the aerodynamic profile of the blades. Because, in extremely simple terms, the wind is nothing more than a moving mass of air with a certain energy. By capturing this motion with any medium (rotor blades), a part of the energy is transferred from the wind to the medium itself. And, in the transition-transformation, the wind generator returns electricity. The formulas obtained from the given parameters generally define the efficiency of a rotor and, vice versa, from the study of the type of rotor, and therefore from its efficiency, the choice for a given daily energy demand is defined. , for a daily request of 6000 W (= 6KW) it is immediately deduced that it would be enough to have a 6KW wind turbine that worked for an hour, or a 1.2 KW one that worked for 5 hours, ... In short, a modest wind generator with almost continuous performance 24 hours a day can satisfy all consumption-user needs required.

Version with three vertical blades of the rotor system object of the invention.

The bases, lamellar but of congruous thickness, of which the lower one on a circular flywheel plane, are monobloc tessellated, each in 7 equilateral triangles (figs. 1 a and 2 a, b). Central, constraints according to current techniques for the coaxial attachment of the three-blade system to the hub axis. In fig. 3 a, b, c, d, and the plane-flywheel (a) bears the upper crown of the magnetic integration system (b), which is completed with another lower crown (below it), integral with an anti-seismic device (c ), anti-twist and anti-vibration, bound to the terminal support (d) of the tower, housing the electric generator (e) (fig. 1 b). In fig. 2 a shows the three ABC profiles, with a dihedral angle of 120 ° in B, horizontal profiles of the three blades, integral with the two bases with attachments also made according to current techniques. In fig. 2 a à ̈ AB = BC = L and the three dashed lines are: Large Radius = RG = L x 1.527, Medium Radius = RM = L x 1.154, Small Radius = RP = L x 0.577. In fig. 2 b, truncated axonometric view of the three-blade rotor system.

Operation of the three-blade rotor.

Thanks to the dihedral angle of 120 °, the wind flow (arrows in fig. 4 a) undergoes a continuous transfer to the next dihedral. The pressure on the blades increases more and more and the speed of rotation R increases which, at useful speed, will be stabilized by a regulation system deriving from a torque meter applied to the rotation axis below the lower base. The aerodynamic efficiency of the blade profile finds its maximum expression in the three-blade assembly whose weight, calculated and defined, determines an inertia flywheel effect that contributes to the stability of the system, unifying, balancing and tempering the â € 'response' of all parts of the rotor to possible 'dirty' and discontinuous winds. The flow of air that hits the blades is transformed into a rotational thrust on the entire rotating system. In fig. 4 a, b, c, d, e, f, the flow that hits the internal part of the three blades in succession moves from one blade to the other with a continuous increase and ... the device turns. The constraints (b) predisposed to the lower base allow the coaxial coupling to the upper end of the rotation axis of a hub (c), equipped at the top with a thrust bearing (d) and at the bottom with a bearing (e). The hub is prearranged with connections suitable for receiving torque meter for measuring effective power and tachometer for measuring speed. Finally, connected to the hub axis, the lower end shaft (f), which "transmits" the rotation of the rotor to the electric generator, mostly with permanent magnets and without sliding brushes. The magnetic integration system that collaborates in starting the rotation is described below together with the anti-seismic device.

Kinetic magnetic integration system and anti-seismic device.

To give initial thrust to the rotation, at the height of the space between the flywheel base and the terminal head of the fixed support structure, the allocation of a kinetic magnetic integration system, consisting of two circular crowns, the upper one bound to the base of the rotor and the lower one fixes to an anti-seismic device bound to the terminal support of the support tower. Mounted opposite each other at a suitable distance, with the lower one â € ̃insideâ € ™ to the upper one to form a donut or pseudotore device (figs. 1 b and 5), they are in mumetal or scudotech, specific for effective shielding and to be drawn and drawn. work like steel. Inside they each carry a series of containers, also in scudotech or mumetal, box-shaped cuboids with a radial pattern oriented to the center of rotation. The neodymium magnets are housed in them, integral and of the same shape, the most powerful on the market for the development of magnetic force. The cuboids each have a single compartment formed notched on the head and up to the middle of one side, in correspondence with the polarity change of the magnet housed. Of the containers of the rotating crown, the notched side is the one on the side opposite to the rotation while, of the containers of the fixed crown to the anti-seismic device, the notched side is the one on the rotation side (figs. 6 and 7). The two crowns are held together by the axis of rotation whose height measurement is designed to keep the two series facing each other at the same horizontal level with equal polarity at close and calibrated distance (figs. 7 and 8). The number of pairs of magnets facing each other corresponds to the number of magnets in the lower series, compared to the number of magnets in the upper crown, which is usually four times greater. Thus, the thrust to rotation is determined by mostly four magnets of the rotating crown in front of a magnet of the fixed crown. All multiplied by 6, where 6 are the couples facing each other. This 4 to 1 ratio therefore translates, for each magnet of the fixed part, into 4 repulsions in favor of rotation, thanks to the notches that leave 4 'external' and one 'internal' poles unshielded for each pair. . The four `` external '' repulsion fields are rejected by a single `` internal '' repulsion field, compared to a fraction of a single repulsion in the opposite direction (fig. 9, example with 6 magnets at the fixed crown and 6 x 4 = 24 magnets on the rotating crown). Thus, the set of discrete repulsions translates into energy of continuous rotation. In fig. 10, horizontal section passing through the magnets of both crowns. Schematic indication (fig. 11) of the reciprocal position of the N magnets of one and N magnets of the other. In fig. 12, vertical section passing through the center of the rotor axis. In fig. 13, reinforced support consisting of a donut-sandwich-shaped, anti-seismic, anti-vibration and anti-torsional device. Solidarized by vulcanization, it is mainly made up of a Teflon cushion locked between two steel plates, with constraints predisposed for this purpose between them and to the two boundary surfaces, the upper corresponding to the lower crown of the â € ̃magneticâ € ™ system , and lower corresponding to the support support of the electric generator. In fig. 14, overall section of the â € magneticâ € ™ system, of the anti-seismic support and of the support for the electric generator.

General notes on the countless other possible versions of the rotor.

The invention relates to all the variants, with three and more blades, composed not only by the blades and by the subsystem which includes the electric generator, also and always by a horizontal flywheel base, stabilizer of wind flows (figs. 15, 16, 17, 18). The blades can be tapered and inclined towards the inside and usually bent along the center line, the ends of which coincide with the ends of the two average radii R M and r m (fig. 19), the one larger than the largest base and the other smaller than the smaller base. The dihedral angle between the two half-blades will be a function of the ratio between the two half-bases L and 1 and the height of the rotor. Tapered blades above and below the major base determine a "spinning top" rotor (eg fig. 20). The rotor can be made up of several spools with three or more blades, superimposed, aligned or rotated like a propeller (eg figs.

21, 22, 23). The three or more vertical blades can also be rotating each on its own axis, centered in the middle of the two lower and upper sides and constrained with pairs of bearings to the two support bases. The rotation is transmitted synchronously by a speed regulator device, central to the two bases and connected to the blades by means of a hinged crank or toothed wheel mechanism (figs: 31 and 32). The two kinematic systems object of the invention are equipped with a calibrated dynamometer, return spring and suitable end-of-stroke.

Materials for making the device.

The rotor can be in aluminum, steel, hot or cold shaped metal alloy, in thermosetting resin, composite or carbon fiber, in reinforced fiberglass, in marine plywood, etc ..., and in particular the blades can be made or lamellar or boxed or extruded and with adequate aerodynamic profile. All the fixed structure supporting the rotor can be realized in the various ways that the current technique offers. In particular, the support tower, structured in two versions, both of which are the subject of the invention. The first, with a two-dimensional base module, in corten steel flat section or other weatherproof material, with a diagonalized square shape and with one or more fins on each vertex suitable for assembly in superimposed cuboctahedra (figs. 24, 25, 26 , 27). A second one, mostly in corten steel, with angular base modules with equal wings and of various lengths and sizes, prepared for assembly according to current techniques, in particular with the rod ends superimposed to form cubic cells (figs. 28, 29, 30). Mumetal or skudotech and neodymium magnets for the magnetic integration system. Elastomers, rubber, neoprene, Teflon, for the anti-seismic device. Mostly pressed nylon for the crank mechanism or the sprockets of the speed regulator, in the versions of the rotor with vertical blades rotating on their two axes, in the middle of the two lower and upper bases at the ends. In fig. 1 shows a schematic â € ̃explodedâ € ™ of the whole system of the wind machine object of the invention.

Example of implementation of a three-blade vertical axis rotor.

In figs. 1 and 2, example of implementation of the essential parts of the wind turbine, with general indications of the dimensions of the parts. Measurement of the blade in plan: ABC with dihedral angle in B of 120 ° and AB = BC = L = m 0.25. Height of the three-blade rotor = 2.00 m. Wing area: m 0.5 x m 2.00 x 3 = 1 m2 x 3 = m2 3. Maximum radius of the rotor: RG = L x 1.52752 = m 0.25 x 1.52752 = 0.38188. Hence, the diameter 0.76376 m. Weight of the three-blade rotor: 50 kg. Material used for the 3 blades: 5 mm thick aluminum alloy, with a dihedral angle of 120 ° obtained by cold pressing with a press-bending machine, from 0.5 x 2.00 m sheets. Material for the bases: marine plywood 20 mm thick. Stainless steel â € ̃deepâ € ™ screws for wood, for fixing the three blades with through holes to the upper and lower terminals. In fig. 1, the wind turbine consisting of a three-blade rotor, the magnetic integration system with the anti-seismic device and the support-support structure. This wind machine object of the invention already rotates at low wind speeds, of the order of about 1 m / sec, thanks also to the initial increase coming from the magnetic integration system. With wind of about 2 m / sec it already produces watts of electricity. In the applications, tables on the technical characteristics of this innovative wind turbine will be prepared.

Claims (10)

CLAIMS 1. Wind turbine system with vertical axis rotor module, mostly with three blades fixed or rotating and parallel to the axis or inclined with respect to it, for the production of electricity by exploiting the kinetic energy of the wind ; rotor characterized by the fact that the following are connected to it, coaxial and underlying in progression: base-flywheel stabilizer of rotation, magnetic integration system for starting and holding the rotation, anti-seismic anti-vibration cushion and electric generator on the upper terminal of the support tower; the entire wind turbine system is the subject of the invention, as per description and figures from 1 to 32 and as per this claim and the following. 2. Wind turbine system with vertical axis rotor module, mostly with three fixed or rotating blades and parallel to the axis or inclined with respect to it according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the three blades, constrained to two bases at the ends upper and lower, are shaped with an aerodynamic profile by means of a dihedral of 120 ° in the middle of the height (figures 2 and 15) in all their ratios between the two measures of width and height (figures from 1 to 30); the blades have the following basic Rays (text and figures 2 and 15): - RG = Large Radius = L x 1.527, - RM = Medium Radius = L x 1.154, - RP = Small Radius = L x 0.577. 3. Wind turbine system with vertical axis rotor module, mostly with three fixed or rotating blades and parallel to the axis or inclined with respect to it according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor, in addition to three blades, can be: with four blades, with 135 ° dihedral in the middle of the height, with five blades, with a dihedral of 144 ° in the middle of the height, with six blades, with 150 ° dihedral in the middle of the height; in any case the blades, when vertical, fixed or hinged to the 2 upper and lower bases, can also be in superimposed blocks aligned or rotated in a â € helixâ € ™ and, when inclined with respect to the axis, are tapered above, to â "Pointed shaft", or even, bent horizontally, are tapered above and below, like a "spinning top" (Figures 15 to 23). 4. Wind turbine system with vertical axis rotor module, mostly with three fixed or rotating blades parallel to the axis or inclined with respect to it according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the blades can each be rotating on its own axes vertical center lines engaged at the ends on bearings at the bases (figures 31 and 32), with adequate kinematics, two alternatives, each equipped with a calibrated dynamometer, return spring and appropriate limit switch, and aimed at regulating the speed of the rotor. 5. Wind turbine system with vertical axis rotor module, mostly with three fixed or rotating blades and parallel to the axis or inclined with respect to it according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that for the three blades, when rotating, to adjust the rotor speed in proportion to the wind speed, kinematics are provided (fig. 31) made with two central blocks coaxial to the rotor axis, usually triangular and equilateral in shape and each connected by pairs of bearings to the two upper and lower rotor bases; the central equilateral blocks are equipped with cranks hinged at the ends and capable of transmitting synchronous rotation to coplanar blocks of suitable shape integral with the blades. 6. Wind turbine system with vertical axis rotor module, mostly with three fixed or rotating blades and parallel to the axis or inclined with respect to it according to claims I and 4, characterized in that for the blades, when rotating, for adjust the rotor speed in proportion to the wind speed, as an alternative to what is indicated in claim 5, there is a gear wheel, mostly in pressed nylon (fig. 32), between the two central spools, coaxial to the axis of the rotor and connected with pairs of bearings to the two upper and lower bases, and the blocks integral with the blades and coaxial with them. 7. Wind turbine system with vertical axis rotor module, mostly with three fixed or rotating blades and parallel to the axis or inclined with respect to it according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it is equipped with a magnetic integration system formed by two semi-toric hollow surfaces, one upper and one lower, for starting and holding the rotation of the rotor (figure 1 and figures 5 to 14); of the magnetic integration system: - the upper semi-toric surface constrained to the base of the rotor, which has a central axis connected to the electric generator housed on the support tower; the lower semi-toric surface connected to a donut-like device, made up of a double layer of suitable rigid material, usually metal, with an interposed thickness mostly of Teflon, which acts as an anti-seismic and anti-vibration cushion and is integral with the terminal of the support tower (in figure 1 and figures 12 to 14). The ifiagnetic integration system is composed of two series of magnets opposite each other at a suitable distance and adequately shielded (as per relative figures), one housed in the lower semitore and with a number of magnets submultiple of the number of magnets of the other, the The other housed in the upper semitoro (as per the description, the device starts working even without any air blowing in the rotor). 8. Wind turbine system with vertical axis rotor module, mostly with three fixed or rotating blades and parallel to the axis or inclined with respect to it according to all the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that, as a support tower, it is equipped with a construction system, mostly in corten steel, whose base module, with full profile, is usually square with a diagonal and with one or more fins at the vertices suitable for mounting overlapping cuboctahedra with any type of fastening of current technique (figures from 24 to 27). 9. Wind turbine system with vertical axis rotor module, mostly with three fixed or rotating blades and parallel to the axis or inclined with respect to it according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that as a support tower, alternatively as indicated in the previous claim, it is equipped with a construction system, mostly in corten steel, whose base-module is usually a corner piece with equal wings and holes, mounted on the terminals with overlapping wings and with any type of fixing of current technique to form cubes with diagonals (Figures 28 to 30). 10. Wind turbine system with vertical axis rotor module, mostly with three fixed or rotating blades and parallel to the axis or inclined with respect to it according to the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the entire wind machine or aerogenerator object of the invention to produce electric energy from the wind is formed by all the parts described in the text, in figures 1 to 32 and in the present claims and which include, in progression from top to bottom: vertical axis rotor with blades, base or anus, magnetic integration system, anti-seismic device and support tower with upper terminal support containing the electric generator whose rotor, thanks to the vertical axis coming from the wind turbine with blades, produces electricity.