ITMI20121649A1 - PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FERTILIZER IN TABLETS AND FERTILIZER IN TABLETS SO PRODUCT - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION

â € œPROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FERTILIZER TABLETS AND FERTILIZER TABLETS THUS PRODUCEDâ €

FIELD OF THE TROVATO

The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for the production of fertilizer in tablets to be used typically in agriculture for the restoration of uncultivated or abandoned fields and / or for the fertilization of land and the fertilizer in tablets thus produced.

STATE OF THE ART

In agriculture, it is known the use of fertilizers designed to create, rebuild, preserve and / or increase the fertility of agricultural land, or to correct the nutritional properties of the land to allow crops with excellent or in any case better agricultural yields .

On the basis of the chemical composition of the fertilizer it is possible to establish the type of effect on the soil; for example the enrichment of the nutritional elements of the soil is given by fertilizers, the improvement of the physical properties of the soil is obtained thanks to the soil improvers while the correction of the soil reactions is obtained thanks to the corrective fertilizers.

Of particular interest for the following discussion are the fertilizers in the form of tablets which include appropriately dosed quantities (in weight and percentages) of fertilizing substances.

The use of tablet fertilizers allows a simple deposition and also the correct dosage of the fertilizer to be dispersed on the ground so that the operator can, according to the type of treatment, establish the most suitable composition and deposit the fertilizer where necessary and in suitable quantities. The use of fertilizer tablets also allows the fertilizer to be applied with extreme precision in the desired area: in this way it is possible to significantly reduce waste compared, for example, to fertilization performed with liquid solutions applied by means of sprinklers.

The production of the tablets is carried out thanks to the sending of the fertilizer dispersion in the liquid state to a tablet machine suitable for the formation of said tablets on a conveyor belt. Subsequently, the tablets in the liquid (or semi-liquid) state are cooled in such a way that they can be brought to the solid state ready to be used.

Examples of production processes of fertilizer in tablets are described in the patent rights: US 7700012 B2, WO 2012007331 Al, US 20070131381 Al, US 20100288005 Al. These rights describe processes for producing fertilizer tablets using a fertilizing substance, so-called â € œcarrierâ €, in the liquid state which is mixed one or more times with powder additives. The mixture is then sent to a tablet press which prepares a certain quantity of mixed material on a conveyor belt. The tablets in the liquid or semi-solid state are cooled on the belt so that the latter can be subsequently managed and packaged. The process mentioned above makes use of an equipment having a batch device dedicated to mixing the carrier with the various additives and a separate device from the latter for dispensing the substance once the dispersion has been prepared.

In other words, the fertilizer components are introduced into a mixer and then undergo a delicate process of intimate mixing to homogenize the components; this batch process takes a few tens of minutes depending on the volumes to be prepared. During this phase the tablet is not in operation. Once the dispersion is ready, it is sent to the tablet maker for production.

This last process described and implemented by known apparatuses is not free from drawbacks and limitations. In fact, the phase of mixing and subsequent formation of the fertilizing substance tablets occurs in phases of the process that are temporally separated and distinct from each other.

This determines a lengthening in terms of time of the entire manufacturing process with a consequent increase in production costs.

The above, in addition to entailing a certain complexity of the mixer which must necessarily be heated, being equipped with mixing elements and a recirculation line, involves at least two serious drawbacks.

On the one hand there are in fact the aforementioned waiting times for correct mixing, on the other it is not possible in any way to customize the production quantities, i.e. all the prepared dispersion has the same composition and allows to produce an already determined quantity of same fertilizer. If it is desired to produce fertilizers in different quantities or in different compositions, it would become necessary to adopt several mixers of different volumes and / or proceed with washing operations of the production lines to start a different production.

Even the applications that provide for an in-line grinding of granular additives and the subsequent addition of carriers in a smaller mixer in accordance with some of the previously mentioned rights, do not fully solve the above drawbacks as the grinding mills are optimized and programmed according to the substance being ground, its granulometry and its quantity per unit of time. It is evident that composition changes involve the need for modifications to the plant (type of mill, distance between the grinding surfaces, grinding speed, etc.), as well as modifications of all the process parameters, resulting in the need to stop system and new setting.

In other words, the flexibility of these plants appears to be very limited.

PURPOSE OF THE FIND

The aim of the present invention is therefore to substantially solve at least one of the drawbacks and / or limitations of the previous solutions.

A first objective of the invention is to provide an extremely flexible process for the production of fertilizer in tablets that can easily allow the quantities of product and / or the composition of the tablets to be changed without requiring major and / or long interventions. plant shutdowns.

A further object is to provide an efficient process which allows rapid production of tablets in such a way as to allow a reduction in product costs.

A further purpose of the invention is to provide a process for making fertilizer tablets that allows correct mixing and dispensing of the fertilizer in such a way that each tablet contains substantially the same amount of fertilizer and has the same composition. .

One aim is also to provide a tablet fertilizer that is economical but functional, reducing the cost of certain components and possibly improving the homogeneity potential of the dispersion.

A further auxiliary object is to have a fertilizer composition in which the percentage by weight of micronutrients can be increased by reducing other components without affecting the synergy between the substances making up the tablet.

It is a further objective of the invention to provide an equipment for the production of fertilizer tablets with a minimum number of components in such a way as to make the entire production system extremely reliable and economical.

It is also the purpose of the invention to make available an equipment for the production of fertilizer in simple and compact tablets in such a way as to facilitate their management and maintenance.

One or more of the objects described above and which will appear better in the course of the following description are substantially achieved by a process and an apparatus for the production of fertilizer in tablets in accordance with one or more of the appended claims,

Aspects of the invention are described below.

In a 1st aspect there is a process for the production of fertilizer in tablets comprising the following phases:

> prepare at least a first supply line (2) suitable for allowing the passage of at least one liquid carrier (F),

> prepare at least a second supply line (3) suitable for allowing the passage of at least one additive (A) in granular or powder form,

> prepare at least one source (4) of liquid carrier (F) suitable for feeding the first supply line (2),

> prepare at least one source (5) of additive (A) in granular or powder form suitable for feeding the second supply line (3),

> arrange at least one dispenser (6) in communication with at least said sources (4; 5) respectively by means of the first and second power supply lines (2; 3),

and in which the process of making fertilizer in tablets also includes the following phases:

> continuously send to the dispenser (6), via the first supply line (2), the liquid carrier (F) arriving from the respective source (4),

> continuously send to the dispenser (6), via the second supply line (3), the additive (A) arriving from the respective source (5),> move, inside the dispenser ( 6), the liquid carrier (F) and the additive (A) along a direction of progress (10) of the process,

> mix, inside the dispenser (6), the liquid carrier (F) and the additive (A) to obtain a fertilizer dispersion (C),

> continuously deliver said fertilizer dispersion (C) to a tablet press (7) configured to allow the formation of fertilizer tablets (C), in which the mixing phase takes place continuously and simultaneously with the carrier handling phase (F) and of the additive (A) along the direction of advancement (10) in such a way as to allow the continuous dispensing of the fertilizer dispersion (C) on the tablet device (7).

In a 2nd aspect in accordance with the 1st aspect, the step of mixing, inside the dispenser (6), the liquid carrier (F) and the additive (A) to obtain a fertilizer dispersion (C) comprises a step of continuously advancing the carrier (F) and the additive (A) by pushing them along the direction of advancement (10) by means of at least one mixing element (30).

In a 3rd aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the mixing element (30) mixing, the carrier and the additive, simultaneously with the continuous advancement phase.

In a 4th aspect in accordance with the 2nd or 3rd aspect, the phase of mixing, inside the dispenser (6), the liquid carrier (F) and the additive (A) to obtain a fertilizer dispersion (C ) comprises a sub-phase of rotating the mixing element (30) to advance and mix the carrier and additive with each other.

In a 5th aspect in accordance with any one of the 2nd to 4th aspects an axis of rotation of the mixing element (30) being substantially parallel, and in particular substantially coinciding, with the direction of advancement. In a 6th aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from the 2nd to the 5th the mixing element (30) comprises a screw or a propeller and is movable inside a containment jacket.

In a 7th aspect in accordance with any of the preceding aspects the step of mixing, at the end of the dispenser (6), the liquid carrier (F) and the additive (A) to obtain a fertilizer dispersion (C), comprises a sub-phase of mixing by means of at least one extruder.

In an 8th aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the extruder comprises a single or twin-screw extruder.

In a 9th aspect in accordance with any of the preceding aspects the step of mixing, at the end of the dispenser (6), the liquid carrier (F) and the additive (A) to obtain a fertilizer dispersion (C), comprises a step of pushing the liquid carrier (F) and the additive (A), by means of a mixing element (30). In a 10th aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the phase of pushing the liquid carrier (F) and the additive (A), by means of the mixing element (30), includes the pushing of the latter along and around the direction of advancement (10) following a substantially helical path.

In an 11th aspect in accordance with any of the preceding aspects, an inlet (6b) to the dispenser (6) of the additive is placed upstream, along the direction of advancement (10), with respect to an inlet (6a) of the carrier.

In a 12th aspect in accordance with any of the preceding aspects, the additive encounters the carrier following its movement along the direction of advancement (10) and mixing with the latter inside the extruder (6). In a 13th aspect in accordance with any of the 7th to 12th aspects an inlet (6b) to the additive extruder being placed upstream, along the direction of advancement (10), with respect to an inlet ( 6a) of the carrier, the additive encountering the carrier following its movement along the direction of advancement (10) and mixing with the latter inside the extruder (6). In a 14th aspect in accordance with any of the preceding aspects, the step of continuously dispensing the fertilizer dispersion (C) allows to deliver a fertilizer dispersion rate (C) higher than 8,000 Kg / hour.

In a 15th aspect in accordance with any of the preceding aspects, the step of continuously dispensing the fertilizer dispersion (C) allows to deliver a fertilizer dispersion rate (C) between 11,000 Kg / hour and 15,000 Kg / hour.

In a 16th aspect in accordance with any of the preceding aspects, the phase of continuous delivery of the carrier (F) to the dispenser (6) includes a sub-phase for dosing the flow rate of the latter arriving from the source ( 4) and at the inlet to the dispenser (6) to regulate the quantity of fertilized solution (F) present in the fertilizer dispersion (C).

In a 17th aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the dosage is obtained by controlling a feed pump (13) through a control unit (9). In an 18th aspect in accordance with the previous aspect the pump (13) is a gear pump.

In a 19th aspect in accordance with any of the preceding aspects, the flow rate of the carrier (F) entering the dispenser (6) is greater than 7,000 Kg / hour.

In a 20th aspect in accordance with any of the preceding aspects, the flow rate of the carrier (F) entering the dispenser (6) is between 9,000 Kg / hour and 10,000 Kg / hour.

In a 21st aspect in accordance with any of the preceding aspects, the phase of continuously sending the additive (A) to the dispenser (6) includes a dosing sub-phase of the quantity of the latter arriving from the source of additive (5) and at the inlet to the dispenser (6) to regulate the quantity of additive of the fertilizer dispersion (C).

In a 22 ° aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the dosage is in particular obtained by controlling a quantity of additive dispensed by means of a gravimetric doser (25).

In a 23 ° aspect in accordance with any of the preceding aspects, the flow rate of additive (A) entering the dispenser (6) is greater than 1,800 Kg / hour.

In a 24 ° aspect in accordance with any of the preceding aspects, the flow rate of additive (A) entering the dispenser (6) is between 2,000 Kg / hour and 2,400 Kg / hour.

In a 25th aspect, in accordance with any of the preceding aspects, the fertilizer dispersion (C), leaving the dispenser (6), has a percentage by weight of carrier (F) higher than 70%.

In a 26 ° aspect, in accordance with any of the preceding aspects, the fertilizer dispersion (C), leaving the dispenser (6), has a percentage by weight of carrier (F) higher than 80%.

In a 27 ° aspect in accordance with any of the preceding aspects, the fertilizer dispersion (C), leaving the dispenser (6), has a percentage by weight of carrier (F) higher than 85%.

In a 28 ° aspect in accordance with any of the preceding aspects, the fertilizer dispersion (C), leaving the dispenser (6), has a percentage of additive (A) higher than 2%.

In a 29 ° aspect in accordance with any of the preceding aspects, the fertilizer dispersion (C), leaving the dispenser (6), has a percentage of additive (A) higher than 10%.

In a 30 ° aspect in accordance with any of the preceding aspects, the fertilizer dispersion (C), leaving the dispenser (6), has a percentage of additive (A) higher than 15%.

In a 31st aspect according to any of the preceding aspects, the liquid carrier (F) comprises at least one included in the group of the following components: sulfur, urea, ammonium nitrate, paraffin, natural resin, synthetic resin.

In a 32 ° aspect in accordance with any of the preceding aspects, the additive (A) includes at least one selected from the group of the following substances: clay, urea, sodium sulphates, potassium, calcium, ammonium, sodium phosphates, carbonates of sodium, wood ash, coal, wood sawdust, vegetable masses, starches.

In a 33rd aspect in accordance with any of the preceding aspects, the additive (A) comprises at least one substance capable of carrying out a disintegrating mechanical function of the tablet, for example in the presence of water or humidity.

In a 34 ° aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the substance of the additive (A), capable of carrying out a disintegrating mechanical function of the tablet, is at least chosen from the group that includes bentonite, clay, wood or its derivatives, vegetable mass, starch, stubble or combinations thereof.

In a 35 ° aspect according to any of the preceding aspects, the additive (A) includes at least one micronutrient substance.

In a 36 ° aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the micronutrient substance is chosen from the group that includes urea, sodium sulphates, potassium, calcium, ammonium, sodium phosphates, sodium carbonates, wood ash or their combinations.

In a 37th aspect in accordance with any of the preceding aspects the additive (A) comprises at least one disinfectant substance.

In a 38 ° aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the disinfectant substance is in particular coal.

In a 39 ° aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the fertilizer dispersion (C), leaving the dispenser (6), has a percentage of additive higher than 2%.

In a 40 ° aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the fertilizer dispersion (C), leaving the dispenser (6), has a percentage of additive higher than 10%.

In a 41st aspect in accordance with any of the preceding aspects, the fertilizer dispersion (C), leaving the dispenser (6), has a percentage of additive higher than 15%.

In a 42 ° aspect in accordance with any of the preceding aspects, the additive (A) comprises at least a percentage by weight of a substance capable of carrying out a disintegrating mechanical function of the tablet.

In a 43 ° aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the substance of the additive (A) is capable of carrying out a disintegrating mechanical function of the tablet, for example in the presence of water or humidity,

In a 44 ° aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects, the substance of the additive (A), capable of carrying out a disintegrating mechanical function of the tablet, is between 2 and 15% by weight,

In a 45 ° aspect in accordance with any of the preceding aspects, the substance of the additive (A), capable of carrying out a disintegrating mechanical function of the tablet, is equal to or greater than 5% by weight.

In a 46th aspect according to any of the preceding aspects the additive (A) comprises at least a percentage by weight of a micronutrient substance. In a 47 ° aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the micronutrient substance is between 0% and 15% by weight.

In a 48 ° aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the micronutrient substance is equal to or greater than 2% by weight and less than 12% by weight.

In a 49th aspect, in accordance with any of the preceding aspects, the process comprises a phase of heating the liquid carrier (F) at least prior to the phase of its insertion inside the dispenser (6).

In a 50 ° aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the heating phase is configured to bring the liquid carrier (F) to a temperature between 70 ° C and 200 ° C.

In a 51 ° aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the heating phase is configured to bring the liquid carrier (F) to a temperature between 80 ° C and 180 ° C.

In a 52 ° aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the heating phase is configured to bring the liquid carrier (F) to a temperature between 90 ° C and 150 ° C.

In a 53rd aspect in accordance with any of the preceding aspects, the process further comprises a step of forming the pellets by means of the pelletizer (7) by delivering the fertilizer dispersion in drops on at least one conveyor belt (8).

In a 54 ° aspect in accordance with the preceding aspect, the process further comprises a step of cooling said tablets in passage on said conveyor belt (8) so as to allow at least partial solidification of the latter.

In a 55th aspect in accordance with the 53rd or 54th aspect, the step of forming the tablets comprises at least the sub-step of sending the fertilizer dispersion (C) inside the tablet press in a liquid or semi-liquid state.

In a 56 ° aspect in accordance with any one of the aspects from 53 ° to 55 ° the step of forming the tablets comprises at least the sub-step of moving the tablet (7) in rotation.

In a 57th aspect in accordance with any one of the 53 ° to 56 ° aspects, the step of forming the tablets comprises at least the sub-step of delivering a predetermined quantity of fertilizer dispersion (C) on the conveyor belt through a plurality of deposition nozzles.

In a 58 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 54 ° to 57 °, the cooling phase of the tablets allows the latter to be brought to a temperature below 70 ° C.

In a 59 ° aspect in accordance with any one of the aspects from 54 ° to 58 °, the cooling phase of the tablets allows the latter to be brought to a temperature below 50 ° C.

In a 60 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 54 ° to 59 °, the cooling phase of the tablets allows the latter to be brought to a temperature between 20 ° C and 70 ° C.

In a 61 ° aspect in accordance with any one of the aspects from 54 ° to 60 °, the cooling phase of the tablets allows the latter to be brought to a temperature between 20 ° C and 50 ° C.

In a 62 ° aspect in accordance with any of the preceding aspects the process is configured to allow the continuous production of a number of fertilizer tablets in excess of 40,000,000 tablets / hour.

In a 63 ° aspect in accordance with any of the previous aspects the process is configured to allow the continuous production of a number of fertilizer tablets in excess of 42,000,000 tablets / hour.

In a 64 ° aspect in accordance with any of the preceding aspects the process is configured to allow the continuous production of a number of fertilizer tablets in excess of 43,000,000 tablets / hour.

In a 65 ° aspect an apparatus (1) is provided for the production of fertilizer in tablets comprising:

> at least one first supply line (2) configured to allow the passage of at least one liquid carrier (F), said first supply line (2) having at least one inlet (2a) that can be hydraulically connected to a source (4) capable of supplying said liquid carrier (F) and at least one outlet (2b) for the delivery of the same,

> at least one second supply line (3) configured to allow the passage of at least one additive (A) in granular and / or powder form, said second supply line (3) having at least one inlet (3a) which can be connected to a source (5) suitable for supplying said additive (A) and at least one outlet (3b) for dispensing it,

> at least one dispenser (6) having a first and a second inlet (6a; 6b) respectively hydraulically connected to the outlets (2b; 3b) of the first and second supply lines (2; 3), said first and second inlet allowing the Dispenser to receive the carrier (F) and the additive (A) arriving from the respective sources (4; 5), said dispenser (6) being configured to move the carrier (F) and the additive ( A) along a direction of advance (10), said dispenser being also configured to mix the carrier (F) and the additive (A) and define a fertilizer dispersion (C), said dispenser (6) also comprising at least one Outlet (6c) designed to allow the distribution of the fertilizer dispersion (C) at the outlet from the dispenser (6),

and in which the equipment (1) is configured to continuously send the carrier (F) and the additive (A) to the dispenser (6), said dispenser (6) being configured to mix the carrier ( F) and the additive (A) continuously and simultaneously with the movement of the latter along said direction of advancement (10), said dispenser (6) being configured to define the fertilizer dispersion (C) during the movement of the carrier (F ) and the additive (A) along the handling line to allow the continuous dispensing of the fertilizer dispersion (C) from said dispenser (6).

In a 66 ° aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the dispenser (6) includes at least one screw extruder configured to move the carrier (F) and the additive (A) along the direction of advance (10) and at the same time allow mixing.

In a 67 ° aspect in accordance with the 65 ° or 66 ° aspect the apparatus comprises at least one tablet device (7) arranged in correspondence with the outlet (6c) of the dispenser (6).

In a 68 ° aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the tablet (7) is configured to continuously receive the fertilizer dispersion (C) exiting the dispenser (6) and continuously form tablets.

In a 69 ° aspect in accordance with any of the 65 ° to 68 ° aspects the apparatus (1) comprises:

> at least one first tank (11) adapted to contain the carrier (F), said first tank (11) comprising at least one outlet (11a) hydraulically connected to the inlet (2a) of the first supply line (2 )

> at least a second tank (12) suitable for containing the additive (A), called second tank (12) including at least one outlet (12a) in communication with the inlet (3a) of the second supply line ( 3). In a 70 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 65 ° to 69 ° the equipment (1) comprises at least one pump (13) arranged on the first supply line (2) and able to send the carrier (F) liquid to the dispenser (6).

In a 71 ° aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the pump (13) is for example a gear pump.

In a 72 ° aspect in accordance with the 70 ° or 71 ° aspect the pump (13) is able to continuously send the liquid carrier (F) to the dispenser (6).

In a 73 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 70 ° to 72 °, the pump (13) is configured to allow the adjustment of the carrier flow rate sent to the dispenser (6).

In a 74 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 65 ° to 73 °, the equipment (1) includes at least one gravimetric dispenser (25) associated with the second tank (12) and configured to allow adjustment of the quantity of additive (A) at the outlet from said second tank (12).

In a 75 ° aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the gravimetric doser (25) is configured to allow in particular the adjustment of the weight of additive (A) coming out of said second tank (12).

In a 76 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 65 ° to 75 ° the fertilizer dispersion (C) has a carrier (F) percentage higher than 70%.

In a 77 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 65 ° to 76 ° the fertilizer dispersion (C) has a carrier percentage (F) higher than 80%.

In a 78 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 65 ° to 77 ° the fertilizer dispersion (C) has a carrier percentage (F) higher than 85%.

In a 79 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 65 ° to 78 ° the fertilizer dispersion (C) has a percentage of additive (A) higher than 2%.

In an 80 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 65 ° to 79 ° the fertilizer dispersion (C) has a percentage of additive (A) higher than 10%.

In an 81 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 65 ° to 80 ° the fertilizer dispersion (C) has a percentage of additive (A) higher than 15%.

In an 82 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 62 ° to 80 ° the liquid carrier (F) includes at least one included in the group of the following components: sulfur, urea, ammonium nitrate, paraffin, natural resin , synthetic resin.

In an 83 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 65 ° to Hâ € ™ 82 ° the additive (A) includes at least one selected from the group of the following substances: clay, urea, sodium sulphates, potassium, calcium, ammonium , sodium phosphates, sodium carbonates, wood ash, coal, wood sawdust, vegetable masses, starches.

In an 84 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 65 ° to 83 ° the apparatus (1) comprises a heating device (15) associated at least with said first tank (11) and / or with the power supply (2) and / or the dispenser (6) and is configured to heat the liquid carrier (F) inside the latter.

In an 85 ° aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the heating device (15) is able to bring the temperature of the carrier (F) to a temperature between 70 ° C and 200 ° C.

In an 86 ° aspect in accordance with the 84 ° or 85 ° aspect the heating device (15) is able to bring the temperature of the carrier (F) to a temperature between 80 ° C and 180 ° C.

In an 87 ° aspect in accordance with the 84 ° or 85 ° or 86 ° aspect the heating device (15) is able to bring the temperature of the carrier (F) to a temperature between 90 ° C and 150 ° C .

In an 88 ° aspect in accordance with any one of the aspects from 65 ° to 87 ° the equipment (1) comprises at least one conveyor belt (8) adapted to receive the fertilizer dispersion drops (C) formed by the pellet machine ( 7) and move them along an outlet line (16).

In an 89 ° aspect in accordance with any of the 65 ° to 88 ° aspects the apparatus comprises at least one cooling device associated with the conveyor belt (8).

In a 90 ° aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the cooling device is configured to decrease the temperature of the fertilizer dispersion (C) leaving the tablet (6).

In a 91 ° aspect in accordance with the 89 ° or 90 ° aspect the cooler is configured to bring the moving pads on the conveyor belt to a temperature below 70 ° C.

In a 92 ° aspect in accordance with the 89 ° or 90 ° or 91 ° aspect the cooler is configured to bring the moving pads on the conveyor belt to a temperature below 50 ° C.

In a 93 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 90 ° to 92 ° the cooler is configured to bring the moving pads on the conveyor belt to a temperature between 20 ° C and 70 ° C.

In a 94 ° aspect in accordance with any of the 92 ° to 93 ° aspects the cooler is configured to bring the moving pads on the conveyor belt to a temperature between 20 ° C and 50 ° C.

In a 95 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 65 ° to 94 ° the equipment comprises a bypass line (17) hydraulically connected to the first supply line (2) and configured to supply the carrier (F) to the pad (7) bypassing the dispenser (6).

In a 96 ° aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the equipment (1) includes at least one interception element (18) placed on the first supply line (2) upstream of the outlet (2b) of the latter.

In a 91 aspect in accordance with the previous aspect the interception element is in fluid communication both with the first supply line and with the bypass line, said interception element (18) being configured to define a normal operating condition in which the latter allows the passage of the carrier through the entire supply line up to the dispenser (6) while prohibiting the passage of carrier through the bypass line, called interception element (18 ) being also configured to define a bypass condition in which the latter prohibits the passage to the carrier (F) preventing the latter from reaching the dispenser while allowing the passage of fluid through said bypass line, said element interception (18), in the bypass condition, preventing the dispenser from receiving the liquid carrier.

In a 98 ° aspect in accordance with the 96 ° or 97 ° aspect the shut-off element comprises a three-way valve.

In a 99th aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 65 ° to 98 ° the equipment (1) comprises at least one volumetric meter (19) associated with the first supply line (2) and configured to control the carrier flow rate liquid passing through said first feed line (2).

In a 100 ° aspect in accordance with any one of the aspects from 65 ° to 99 ° the apparatus comprises an aspirator (20) substantially located in correspondence with the outlet (6c) of the dispenser (6).

In a 101 ° aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the aspirator (20) is configured to allow at least the removal of gas and / or vapors generated in correspondence with said dispenser (6).

In a 102 ° aspect in accordance with the 100 ° or 101 ° aspect the aspirator (20) comprises:

> at least one collection hood (21) placed at least in correspondence with the pelletizer (7) and able to contain the gases and / or vapors generated during the dispensing of the fertilizer dispersion,

> at least one discharge line (22) in fluid communication with the collection hood (21) and designed to allow the collection and subsequent expulsion of the gases and / or vapors collected by the latter,

> at least one expulsion device (23) active on the exhaust line (22) and configured to convey the gases and / or vapors from the collection hood (21) inside the exhaust line (22) to allow their expulsion.

In a 103 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 65 ° to 102 ° the equipment (1) comprises at least one control unit (9) connected and active on at least one of the following components of the equipment:

> the pump (13), said control unit (9) being active on the pump (13) and configured to manage the liquid carrier flow rate to be sent to the dispenser (6),

>> the gravimetric doser (25), said control unit (9) being active on the doser (25) and configured to manage the quantity, in particular the weight, of additive to be sent to the dispenser (6),

> the dispenser (6), said control unit (9) being active on the dispenser (9) and configured to manage the fertilizer dispersion flow rate to be sent to the tablet (7).

In a 104 ° aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the control unit (9) is connected with the pelletizer (7) and the conveyor belt (8).

In a 105 ° aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the control unit is configured to regulate the distribution of fertilizer dispersion (C) through the management of the dispenser (6).

In a 106 ° aspect in accordance with the 104 ° or 105 ° aspect the control unit (9) is also configured to manage:

> the speed of formation of the tablets by the tablet maker, e

> the speed of advancement of the pads on the conveyor belt (8).

In a 107 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 104 ° to 106 ° the control unit (9) is configured to manage the forming and unloading speed, respectively of the tablet (7) and of the conveyor belt ( 8), based on the fertilizer dispersion flow out of the dispenser (6).

In a 108 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 103 ° to 107 ° the control unit (9) is connected to the volumetric meter (19) and configured to monitor the carrier port passing through the first line power supply (2).

In a 109th aspect there is a process for the production of fertilizer in tablets comprising the following steps:

> prepare at least one liquid carrier (F) comprising at least one included in the group of the following components: sulfur, urea, ammonium nitrate, paraffin, natural resin, synthetic resin;

> prepare at least one additive (A) in granular or powder form,

> homogeneously mix the liquid carrier (F) and the additive (A) to obtain a fertilizer dispersion (C), said liquid carrier being present inside the dispersion in a percentage by weight of not less than 70%; > sending said fertilizer dispersion (C) to a tablet press (7) configured to allow the formation of fertilizer tablets (C); > form the tablets by means of the pelletizer (7) by delivering the fertilizer dispersion in drops on at least one conveyor belt (8);

> cooling said tablets in passage on said conveyor belt (8) so as to allow at least partial solidification of the latter, the additive (A) comprising at least one substance capable of performing a disintegrating mechanical function of the tablet, for example in the presence of water or humidity, said substance capable of carrying out a mechanical disintegrating function of the tablet being chosen from the group of vegetable fibers such as wood, wood-based materials, vegetable mass, starch, tow and / or combinations of the latter, said substance capable of carrying out a disintegrating mechanical function of the tablet being present in a percentage greater than 2% by weight.

In a 110 ° aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the weight percentage of the carrier (F) is higher than 80%, in particular higher than 85%.

In a 111th aspect according to the 109th or 110th aspect, the percentage by weight of additive (A) is higher than 10%, in particular higher than 15%.

In a 112th aspect according to any of the 109th to 111th aspects the carrier (F) is sulfur or urea.

In a 113 ° aspect according to any of the 109 ° to 112 ° aspects the carrier (F) is substantially insoluble in water.

In a 114 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 109 ° to 113 °, the substance capable of carrying out a mechanical disintegrating function of the tablet absorbs water and / or humidity, increasing in volume to at least partially disintegrate the tablet mechanically.

In a 115th aspect in accordance with any one of the 109th to 114th aspects the additive (A) further comprises at least one micronutrient substance, said micronutrient substance being particularly selected from the group comprising urea, sodium sulphates, potassium, calcium, ammonium, sodium phosphates, sodium carbonates, wood ash or combinations thereof.

In a 116 ° aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the micronutrient substance is included in a percentage by weight of less than 15%, in greater detail less than 12% by weight.

In a 117 ° aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the micronutrient substance is included in a percentage by weight higher than 5%, in greater detail higher than 8% by weight.

In a 118 ° aspect in accordance with any one of the aspects from 108 ° to 117 ° the additive (A) is present in percentage by weight lower than 20% and in particular lower than 16% by weight.

In a 119th aspect in accordance with any one of the 109th to 118th aspects the additive (A) comprises at least one disinfectant substance, said disinfectant substance being in particular carbon.

In a 120 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 109 ° to 119 °, the substance capable of carrying out a disintegrating mechanical function of the tablet is present in a percentage lower than 10% by weight and in particular lower than 7% by weight.

In a 121 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 109 ° to 120 °, the substance capable of carrying out a disintegrating mechanical function of the tablet is present in a percentage greater than 10% by weight.

In a 122 ° aspect in accordance with any of the 109 ° to 121 ° aspects the weight of at least 90% of the fertilizer tablets is less than 100 g, in particular less than 80 g, even more particularly less than 50 g.

In a 123 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 109 ° to 122 °, the specific weight of the substance capable of carrying out a disintegrating mechanical function of the tablet is lower than 1.7 Kg / dm <3>, in particular lower than 1.5 Kg / dm <3>.

In a 124 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 109 ° to 123 ° the specific weight of the carrier (F) is higher than 1.3 Kg / dm <3>, in particular higher than 1.9 Kg / dm <3>.

In a 125 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 109 ° to 124 °, the substance capable of carrying out a disintegrating mechanical function of the tablet is dispersed in the tablet in a particular form in which the particles have a particle size greater than 50 microns and lower. at 150 microns, in particular between 80 and 120 microns.

In a 126th aspect in accordance with any of the 109th to 125th aspects the process further includes the steps of:

> prepare at least a first supply line (2) suitable for allowing the passage of the liquid carrier (F),

> prepare at least a second supply line (3) suitable for allowing the passage of the additive (A) in granular or powder form,

> arrange at least one dispenser (6) in communication with at least said first and second power supply lines (2; 3),

> continuously send to the dispenser (6), via the first supply line (2), the liquid carrier (F) arriving from a respective source (4),

> continuously send to the dispenser (6), via the second supply line (3), the additive (A) arriving from a respective source (5),

> move, inside the dispenser (6), the liquid carrier (F) and the additive (A) along a direction of progress (10) of the process,

> mix, inside the dispenser (6), the liquid carrier (F) and the additive (A) to obtain a fertilizer dispersion (C), the mixing phase taking place continuously and simultaneously with the carrier handling phase (F) and of the additive (A) along the direction of advance (10) in such a way as to allow the continuous dispensing of the fertilizer dispersion (C) on the tablet (7).

In a 127th aspect in accordance with any of the 109th to 126th aspects, the mixing phase is carried out inside a dispenser (6) and includes a sub-phase of continuously advancing the carrier (F) and the the additive (A) pushing them along the direction of advancement (10) by means of at least one mixing element (30), said mixing element (30), mixing the carrier and the additive simultaneously with the continuous feeding step.

In a 128 ° aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the phase of mixing, inside the dispenser (6), the liquid carrier (F) and the additive (A) to obtain a fertilizer dispersion (C) comprises a sub-step of rotating the mixing element (30) to advance and mix the carrier and additive with each other, an axis of rotation of the mixing element (30) being substantially parallel, and in particular substantially coinciding, with the direction of travel.

In a 129 ° aspect in accordance with the 127 ° or 128 ° aspect the mixing element (30) comprises a screw or a propeller and is movable inside a containment jacket.

In a 130 ° aspect in accordance with any one of the 109 ° to 129 ° aspects the mixing step comprises a sub-step of mixing by means of at least one extruder, for example single or twin screw.

In a 131st aspect in accordance with any of the 109th to 130th aspects the mixing step comprises a sub-step of pushing the liquid carrier (F) and the additive (A), by means of a mixing element (30), along and around a direction of advancement (10) following a substantially helical path.

In a 132 ° aspect according to the 130 ° or 131 ° aspect an inlet (6b) to the extruder of the additive is placed upstream, along the direction of advancement (10), with respect to an inlet (6a) of the carrier, the additive encountering the carrier following its movement along the direction of advancement (10) and mixing with the latter inside the extruder (6).

In a 133 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 109 ° to 132 °, the continuous dispensing phase of the fertilizer dispersion (C) allows to deliver a fertilizer dispersion flow rate (C) higher than 8,000 Kg / hour, in particular between 11,000 Kg / hour and 15,000 Kg / hour.

In a 134 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 109 ° to 133 ° a phase of continuous transmission of the carrier (F) to the dispenser (6) includes a dosing sub-phase of the flow rate of the latter arriving from the source (4) and at the inlet to the dispenser (6) to regulate the quantity of fertilized solution (F) present in the fertilizer dispersion (C), the dosage being in particular obtained by controlling through a control unit (9) a feed pump (13), for example a gear pump.

In a 135 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 109 ° to 134 °, a phase of continuously sending the additive (A) to a dispenser (6) includes a sub-phase for dosing the quantity of the latter in arrival from the source of additive (5) and at the inlet to the dispenser (6) to regulate the quantity of additive of the fertilizer dispersion (C), the dosage being obtained in particular by controlling a quantity of additive supplied by means of a gravimetric dispenser (25) .

In a 136 ° aspect according to any one of the 109 ° to 135 ° aspects the process comprises a heating step of the liquid carrier (F) configured to bring the liquid carrier (F) to a temperature between 70 ° C and 200 ° ° C, in particular between 80 ° C and 180 ° C, even more particularly between 90 ° C and 150 ° C.

In a 137 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 109 ° to 139 °, the step of forming the tablets comprises at least the sub-phases of sending the fertilizer dispersion (C) inside the tablet in a liquid or semi-liquid state, moving the pelletizer (7) and delivering a predetermined quantity of fertilizer dispersion (C) on the conveyor belt through a plurality of deposition nozzles.

In a 138 ° aspect in accordance with any one of the aspects from 109 ° to 137 ° a cooling phase of the tablets allows the latter to be brought to a temperature below 70 ° C, for example below 50 ° C, in particular between 20 ° C and 70 ° C, even more particularly between 20 ° C and 50 ° C. In a 139 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 109 ° to 138 ° the process is configured to allow the continuous production of a number of fertilizer tablets exceeding 40,000,000 tablets / hour, in particular higher than 42,000 .000 tablets / hour, even more particularly higher than 43.000.000 tablets / hour.

In a 140 ° aspect, a fertilizer in tablets is provided, each tablet comprising:

â € ¢ a carrier (F) comprising at least one included in the group of the following components: sulfur, urea, ammonium nitrate, paraffin, natural resin, synthetic resin; said carrier being present inside the dispersion in a percentage by weight of not less than 70%;

â € ¢ at least one additive (A) homogeneously dispersed inside the carrier (F), the additive (A) including at least one substance capable of performing a mechanical disintegrating function of the tablet, for example in the presence of water or humidity, said substance capable of carrying out a mechanical disintegrating function of the tablet being chosen from the group of vegetable fibers such as wood, wood-based materials, vegetable mass, starch, tow and / or combinations of the latter, said substance capable of carrying out a disintegrating mechanical function of the tablet being present in a percentage greater than 2% by weight.

In a 141 ° aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the weight percentage of the carrier (F) is higher than 80%, in particular higher than 85%.

In a 142 ° aspect in accordance with the 140 ° or 141 ° aspect, the percentage by weight of additive (A) is higher than 10%, in particular higher than 15%.

In a 143 ° aspect in accordance with any of the 140 ° to 142 ° aspects the carrier (F) is sulfur or urea.

In a 144 ° aspect according to any of the 140 ° to 143 ° aspects the carrier (F) is substantially insoluble in water.

In a 145 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 140 ° to 144 °, the substance capable of carrying out a mechanical disintegrating function of the tablet absorbs water and / or humidity increasing in volume to at least partially disintegrate the tablet mechanically.

In a 146th aspect in accordance with any one of the 140 ° to 145 ° aspects the additive (A) further comprises at least one micronutrient substance, said micronutrient substance being particularly selected from the group comprising urea, sodium sulphates, potassium, calcium, ammonium, sodium phosphates, sodium carbonates, wood ash or combinations thereof.

In a 147 ° aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the micronutrient substance is included in a percentage by weight of less than 15%, in greater detail less than 12% by weight.

In a 148 ° aspect in accordance with the previous aspect, the micronutrient substance is included in a percentage by weight higher than 5%, in greater detail higher than 8% by weight.

In a 149 ° aspect in accordance with any one of the aspects from 140 ° to 148 ° the additive (A) is present in percentage by weight lower than 20% and in particular lower than 16% by weight.

In a 150 ° aspect in accordance with any one of the 140 ° to 149 ° aspects the additive (A) comprises at least one disinfectant substance, said disinfectant substance being in particular carbon.

In a 151 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 140 ° to 150 ° the substance capable of carrying out a disintegrating mechanical function of the tablet is present in a percentage lower than 10% by weight and in particular lower than 7% by weight.

In a 152 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 140 ° to 151 °, the substance capable of carrying out a disintegrating mechanical function of the tablet is present in a percentage greater than 10% by weight.

In a 153 ° aspect in accordance with any of the 140 ° to 152 ° aspects the weight of at least 90% of the fertilizer tablets is less than 100 g, in particular less than 80 g, even more particularly less than 50 g.

In a 154 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 140 ° to 153 °, the specific weight of the substance capable of carrying out a disintegrating mechanical function of the tablet is lower than 1.7 Kg / dm <3>, in particular lower than 1.5 Kg / dm <3>.

In a 155 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 140 ° to 154 ° the specific weight of the carrier (F) is higher than 1.3 Kg / dm <3>, in particular higher than 1.9 Kg / dm <3>.

In a 156 ° aspect in accordance with any of the aspects from 140 ° to 155 °, the substance capable of carrying out a disintegrating mechanical function of the tablet is dispersed in the tablet in a particular form in which the particles have a particle size greater than 50 microns and lower. at 150 microns, in particular between 80 and 120 microns.

In a 157th aspect in accordance with any of the 140th to 156th aspects the fertilizer is obtained by a process in accordance with any one of claims 40 to 156.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Some embodiments and some aspects of the invention will be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, provided for indicative purposes only and therefore not limitative in which:

> Figure 1 shows schematically and in a non-limiting way an apparatus for the production of fertilizer in tablets in accordance with the present invention;

> Figure 2 schematically shows a further embodiment of the equipment for the production of fertilizer in tablets,> Figure 3 schematically and not limited to a detail of the equipment for the production of fertilizer in tablets in according to the embodiments shown in Figures 1 and 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Equipment for the production of fertilizer in tablets

The number 1 indicates a total of equipment for the production of fertilizer tablets useful, in agriculture, livestock and gardening, for the treatment of land.

The equipment 1 includes a source 4 of a liquid carrier F which is able to allow the formation of fertilizing tablets to create, rebuild, conserve and / or increase the fertility of the soil the fertility of the agricultural land, or correct the properties nutrients of the soil to allow crops with excellent agricultural yields.

In particular, during the process phases, the carrier F is kept at a temperature such as to be in the liquid phase (in general the carrier is in the solid state at room temperature, i.e. at 25 °) and includes at least one selected from the group of following substances: sulfur, urea, ammonium nitrate, paraffin, natural resin, synthetic resin or a mixture thereof.

In general, urea-based and sulfur-based carriers (ie substantially or mainly consisting of urea and sulfur) are those mainly adopted for their chemical properties and low cost.

In this regard, it should be noted that in general the constituent substances of the carrier are insoluble in water / humidity. Therefore the fertilizer compositions must contain an additive capable of absorbing water / humidity and increasing in volume so as to disintegrate (by mechanical action) at least in part the fertilizer tablet in use.

The accompanying figures show a preferential configuration of the production plant in which the source 4 comprises a first tank 11 suitable for containing the carrier F in the liquid state. From the structural point of view, the first tank 11 comprises, but is not limited to, a silos having a substantially cylindrical shape and extending, in conditions of use thereof, along a vertical direction. In fact, the first tank 11 comprises a container having a bottom wall with a circular profile, a side wall having a cylindrical shape connected perimeter to the bottom wall and an upper wall placed on the top of the side wall.

In a preferential embodiment, the first tank II is equipped with a heating device 15 configured to heat the carrier F to keep it at a temperature between 70 ° C and 200 ° C, in particular between 80 ° C and 180 ° C, even more particularly between 90 ° C and 150 ° C. In fact, the heating device 15 is configured to keep the carrier F in the liquid state and allow its management, as well as its handling outside the tank 11. Figure 1 shows, but is not limited to, a configuration in which the heating device 15 is associated, in a non-limiting way, with the side wall of the tank 11. Alternatively, the device 15 can be associated with the bottom wall and / or the upper wall of the tank 11 (condition not illustrated in the accompanying figures) .

Obviously the carrier source 4 could be any other element capable of supplying a predetermined quantity of carrier in the liquid state.

As can be seen for example from Figure 1, the first tank 11 comprises at least one outlet 11a placed advantageously on the bottom wall of the latter and which is configured to allow the carrier F to come out of the tank 11. The outlet Ila is hydraulically connected to a first supply line 2: the latter being designed to allow the removal of the carrier F from the first tank 11 and its discharge inside a dispenser 6 (the dispenser 6 will be better described later).

More in detail, the supply line 2 develops from an inlet 2a in correspondence with which there is an attachment 29 suitable for allowing the hydraulic connection between the first supply line 2 and the first tank 11, in particular between the outlet Ila of the first tank II and inlet 2a of the first supply line 2.

As can be seen for example in Figure 1, the first supply line 2 is equipped with at least one pump 13, for example with gears, configured to allow the withdrawal of the carrier F from the inside of the first tank II and the dispatch of the the same to the dispenser 6. The accompanying figures show a preferential condition of the equipment 1 including, but not limited to, a volumetric meter 19 active on the first supply line 2: the meter 19 allows to monitor the flow rate (quantity) of carrier F leaving the first tank 11 and crossing the first supply line 2. As can be seen from the accompanying figures, the volumetric meter 19 is placed, in a non-limiting way, downstream of the pump 13; however, the possibility of positioning the volumetric meter 19 upstream of the pump 13 (or omitting it) is not excluded.

As clearly visible from the schematic in figure 3, the first supply line 2 also has an outlet 2b hydraulically connected to the dispenser 6 and which allows the liquid carrier to be introduced into the latter. F arriving from the first tank 11.

Before proceeding with the description of the dispenser 6 it is useful to note that the equipment 1 also comprises at least one further source 5 of at least one additive A, in granular or powder form.

The granular or powdery additive A is capable of being sent to the dispenser 6 to be intimately mixed with the carrier F: the additive A is configured to give appropriate chemical-physical properties to the tablets such as fertilizing and soil improver properties , etc. In particular, additive A includes at least one selected from the group of the following compounds: clay, urea, sodium sulphates, potassium, calcium, ammonium, sodium phosphates, sodium carbonates, wood ash, coal, wood sawdust, vegetable masses, starches and obviously their mixtures. In the rest of the description, this additive will be further treated and described in detail about its functions.

The accompanying figures show a preferential configuration in which the source 5 comprises a second tank 12 adapted to contain the additive A. The tank 12 includes, but is not limited to, a silos which, as for the tank 11, has a back wall, a side wall and an upper wall.

The bottom wall advantageously has a funnel-like shape which allows the additive A to be conveyed towards at least one outlet 12a of the tank 12. Advantageously, the apparatus 1 comprises a valve 14 associated with the tank 12 and in particular arranged in correspondence of the 12a exit of the latter. The valve 14 is configured to allow the delivery of additive A at the outlet from said second tank 12.

As can be seen, for example, from the detail of figure 3, the apparatus 1 includes, in a non-limiting way, a dispenser 25 associated with the supply line 3, in particular interposed between the inlet and the outlet 3a, 3b of the same power line 3; the dispenser 25 is defined for example by a hopper able to receive the additive A coming out of the tank 12 and convey it inside the dispenser 6.

In fact, the dispenser 25 allows the quantity of additive A to be mixed with the carrier F to be managed with extreme precision and consequently facilitates the management of the composition of the fertilizer tablets.

For example, a gravimetric doser can be used.

The outlet 12a of the tank 12 is connected (in fluid communication) with a second supply line 3: the latter being able to allow the withdrawal of the additive A from the tank 12 and its return to the inside the dispenser 6 (the dispenser 6 will be better described later). More in detail, the power supply line 3 extends from an inlet 3 a, in communication with the outlet 12a of the tank 12, to an outlet 3b in communication with the dispenser 6.

As previously mentioned, the equipment 1 comprises a dispenser 6 connected to the first and second power supply lines 2, 3 and configured to receive the carrier F and the additive A. In particular, the dispenser 6 is configured for move the carrier F and the additive A along a direction of advancement 10 and at the same time allow their mixing. The mixture of carrier F and additive A allows to define a fertilizer dispersion C which will then form the fertilizer tablets.

More in detail, equipment 1 is configured to continuously send carrier F and additive A to dispenser 6 which mixes and continuously moves liquid carrier F and additive A: dispenser 6 Ã It is configured to define the fertilizer dispersion C during the handling of the carrier F and the additive A along the direction of movement 10 to allow the continuous dispensing of the fertilizer dispersion C from the dispenser 6.

The dispenser 6 comprises a mixing element 30 configured to mix the carrier F and the additive A simultaneously with the continuous advancement phase.

In particular, the mixing element 30 includes, but is not limited to, an extruder 15 having a prevalent direction of development and extending between a first and a second end 31, 32. The movement of the carrier F and the additive A takes place along the advancement line 10 which has a direction that starts from the first end 31 in the direction of the second end 32 of the extruder 15.

As can be seen from the detail of figure 3, the dispenser 6 comprises a first and a second inlet 6a, 6b respectively in fluid communication with the outlets 2b, 3b of the first and second supply lines 2, 3. In fact, the inlets 6a, 6b allow the introduction of carrier F and additive A inside the extruder 15 by the supply lines 2, 3.

As previously mentioned, the dispenser 6, in addition to the handling of the carrier F and the additive A, is configured to allow the mixing of the latter. For this reason, the first and second inlets 6a, 6b are advantageously placed in a first half of the extruder 15 containing said first end 31.

The first inlet 6a is interposed between the first and second ends 31, 32 of the latter, in particular in correspondence with the center line of the extruder 15. The second inlet 6b is advantageously placed in correspondence with the first end 31 advantageously downstream of the first entrance,

Regardless of the absolute positioning above, in relative terms it should be noted that the inlet for additive A is placed upstream of the inlet for liquid carrier F. The upstream injection of additive A in granular or powder form with respect to the introduction of the liquid carrier F it allows to substantially define a solid cap consisting of the granular or powdery additive which is pushed by the dispenser itself towards the outlet of the latter. The introduction of the liquid carrier from the first inlet allows the latter to mix with the solid cap moving towards an outlet 6c of the dispenser 6 to define said fertilizer dispersion C.

In fact, the introduction of the carrier F downstream of the additive allows the liquid carrier to advance along the direction of advance 10, in particular together with the additive A.

In fact, the introduction of carrier F and additive A in the first half of the extruder 15 allows the latter to allow a correct mixing during the movement of the latter towards the second end 32 for the definition of the fertilizer dispersion C.

As previously mentioned and visible from the detail of figure 3, the dispenser 6 also includes an outlet 6c located at the second end 32: the outlet 6c being able to allow the expulsion of the fertilizer dispersion C beyond outside the extruder 15.

More in detail, the exit area of the extruder possibly has a trough 33 suitable for receiving the fertilizer dispersion and increasing its pressure before expulsion. In communication with the throat 33 there is a nozzle 34 having a lower passage section than the passage section of the extruder substantially in correspondence with the first and second inlets 6a, 6b.

The nozzle 34 receives the compressed dispersion C and allows its expulsion, in particular the nozzle 34 defines the outlet 6c of the dispenser 6.

Inside the extruder 15 has at least one helix or a screw (for example visible in figure 3) able to rotate inside the extruder 15 around an axis parallel to the prevailing direction of development of the extruder itself: the rotation of the screw or helix allows the extruder 15 to move (push) carrier F (entering from the first inlet 6a) and additive A (entering from the second inlet 6b) along the feed line 10 and at the same time allow them mixing them. In the accompanying figures a single screw extruder has been represented, in a non-limiting way. However, the extruder 15 can comprise one or more thrust elements (screws or propellers) and define for example a twin screw element.

As can be seen in Figures 1 and 2, the dispenser 6 advantageously comprises a motor 24 active on the propeller or screw adapted to allow its rotation. The rotating action of the propeller or screw 30 guides the dispersion C towards the throttle 33 (compression of the dispersion C) and subsequently inside the nozzle 34 before being expelled.

As can be seen from the accompanying figures, the apparatus 1 further comprises a tablet device 7 arranged in correspondence with the outlet 6c of the dispenser 6; the tablet device (7) is configured to continuously receive the fertilizer dispersion C coming out of the nozzle 34 and form (always continuously) fertilizer tablets.

The tablet device 7 comprises, in a non-limiting way, a roller able to rotate around an axis orthogonal to the feed line 10. On the external surface of the roller there are a plurality of dispensing nozzles to allow the fertilizer dispersion C to escape which, at the outlet from the dispenser 6 it is fed into the interior of the tablet drum. As previously mentioned, dispersion C leaving the dispenser 6 is in the liquid state. Coming out of the nozzles of the pellet dispenser, the drops of liquid dispersion are suitably deposited, in the desired quantity and size, on a conveyor belt suitable for cooling the drops making them solid, that is, acquiring the shape of tablets.

In addition to the escape of dispersion C, from the outlet 6c of the dispenser there is the possible escape of gas and / or vapors due to the extrusion of the material. The apparatus 1 can comprise an aspirator 20 substantially located in correspondence with the outlet 6c of the dispenser 6; the aspirator 20 is configured to allow the removal of gases and / or vapors generated during the expulsion of the fertilizer dispersion C from the dispenser 6.

More in detail, the aspirator 20 comprises at least one collection hood 21 located at the outlet 6c of the dispenser 6 and able to contain the gases and / or vapors generated during the expulsion of the fertilizer dispersion from said dispenser 6. The hood 21 is in fluid communication with at least one discharge line 22 designed to allow the withdrawal and subsequent expulsion of the gases collected by the hood 21. The withdrawal and expulsion of the gases is guaranteed by the presence of at least one discharge device expulsion 23 (for example a fan) active on the exhaust line 22 and configured to convey the gases and / or vapors from the collection hood 21 inside the exhaust line 22 in order to then allow their expulsion.

As can be seen from the accompanying figures, the apparatus 1 comprises at least one conveyor belt 8 suitable for receiving the discrete liquid quantities of liquid fertilizer dispersion that will form the tablets, cooling the latter so that they pass from the liquid or semi-liquid state to the solid state and move them along an outlet line 16. The conveyor belt 8 ends with a distributor 26 able to guide the expulsion of the solidified tablets from the belt 8 itself. The apparatus 1 further comprises a cooling device (not illustrated in the accompanying figures) associated with the conveyor belt 8; the cooling device, such as a series of sprayers of coolant liquid (for example water) active on a lower surface of the conveyor belt, is configured to decrease the temperature of the fertilizer dispersion C leaving the dispenser 6, in particular it allows to bring the moving tablets on the conveyor belt to a temperature between 20 ° C and 70 ° C, even more particularly between 20 ° C and 50 ° C.

An example of a cooling device can be represented by a water circuit designed to cool the belt 8 on which the pads are moved: the cooling of the belt also allows the pads in contact with the latter to be cooled with consequent formation of pads. solid state.

A further example of a cooling device can be represented by a blowing system placed above the belt 8: the blowing system generates a flow of cold air capable of hitting the pads passing through the belt 8.

The quantity of carrier F and additive A sent from the respective sources 4, 5 allows to define the relationship between carrier F and additive A present in the fertilizer dispersion C and consequently allows to define the different properties of the tablets. More in detail, the fertilizer dispersion C has a carrier F percentage higher than 70%, in particular higher than 80%, even more particularly higher than 85%. As regards the concentrations of additive A, the latter is present in the dispersion with a percentage higher than 2%, in particular higher than 10%, even more particularly higher than 15%.

The accompanying figures show a preferential embodiment of the apparatus 1, which is also equipped with at least one bypass line 17 (visible for example in figures 1 and 2) hydraulically connected to the first supply line 2 and configured for serve the carrier F directly to the tablet device 7 bypassing the dispenser 6. To be able to bypass the dispenser 6, the appliance 1 is equipped with at least one interception element 18 placed on the first supply line 2 upstream of the Exit 2b of the latter; the interception element 18 is in fluid communication both with the first supply line 2 and with the bypass line 17.

The interception element 18 is configured to define a normal operating condition in which the latter allows the carrier to pass through the entire supply line 2 up to the dispenser 6 while preventing the passage of the carrier F through the bypass line 17. The shut-off element 18 is also configured to define a bypass condition in which the latter prevents carrier F from reaching the dispenser 6 while allowing the passage of fluid through the bypass line 17. In fact, the interception element 18 can comprise a manual valve or a three-way solenoid valve.

In a preferential embodiment of the apparatus 1, the latter comprises a control unit 9 which is connected at least with the pump 13, the dispenser 14 and the dispenser 6. The control unit 9 It is active on at least said pump 13 It is configured to control the latter in order to manage the flow rate of liquid carrier F to be sent to the dispenser 6. The management on the flow rate of the solution allows you to manage the concentration of this Last inside the pads. To monitor pump 13 operation in greater safety, it is possible to connect the control unit 9 also to the volumetric meter 19: in this way the control unit 9 controls the pump 13 and verifies the actual value through the meter sending carrier F. By carrying out this check, the control unit 9 can continuously set the pump 13 based on the measurements made by the meter: in this way the control unit 9 allows optimal management in relation to the quantity of carrier F to be sent to the dispenser 6.

The control unit 9, as shown in figure 1, can also be connected also to the interception element 18 and configured to be able to command the latter to be set up in the normal operating condition or in the bypass condition.

As previously mentioned, the control unit 9 is at least also connected to the gravimetric doser 25 and configured to control the latter in order to manage the quantity of additive A to be sent to the dispenser 6: in this way the ™ control unit manages the concentration of additive present in the tablets.

The control unit 9 is also connected to the dispenser 6 to allow the management of the flow rate of the fertilizer dispersion C to be sent to the pelletizer 7. In particular, the control unit 9 is connected to the motor 24 suitable for manage the rotation speed of the propeller or screw without screw: through the management of the motor 24, the control unit allows you to control the rotation speed of the propeller or screw with consequent control over the speed of advancement of the dispersion C .

As can be seen from the diagram in figure 1, the control unit 9 is also connected to the tablet 7 and the belt 8. In fact, based on the expulsion speed of the dispersion C, the control unit 9 manages the speed pad formation and belt transport speed 8.

As can be seen from the schematic diagram of figure 1, the control unit 9 can also be connected to the aspirator 20, to the distributor 26 so as to be able to manage and control respectively the function of the aspirator and the output of the tablets.

Figure 1 shows, in a non-limiting way, a first embodiment of the apparatus 1 which consists of a single dispenser 6 powered by a single first and a second power supply line 2, 3.

Figure 2 shows an embodiment variation consisting of a plurality of power supply lines 2, 3 suitable for supplying different dispensers 6. In fact, in the embodiment of figure 2 an apparatus 1 comprising different lines has been schematized production 35 of pads. It is possible to configure the production lines 35 in such a way that each of them supplies tablets having different concentrations of carrier F and / or additive A. In the embodiment of figure 2, the distributor 26 of each production line 35 serves a sorting belt 27 configured to collect the tablets leaving each production line 35 and sort the latter into different collection tanks 28.

Process for the production of fertilizer in tablets

The present invention also relates to a process for the production of tablet fertilizer.

The process includes a first phase of collecting a certain quantity of carrier F inside the first tank 11. Inside the first tank 11, carrier F is heated by means of the heating device 15 and brought to a temperature between 70 ° C and 200 ° C, in particular between 80 ° C and 180 ° C, even more particularly between 90 ° C and 150 ° C. The heating of the carrier F makes it possible to make it and keep it in the liquid state so that said solution F can be managed in the other process phases.

The process involves the continuous sending, through the first supply line 2, of the liquid solution F by activating the pump 13 which allows to withdraw said carrier F from the first tank 11 (first source 4) and the Transmission (continuously) to the dispenser 6 through the first input 6a.

More in detail, in an embodiment example the pump is configured to continuously send a carrier F flow rate higher than 7,000 Kg / hour, in particular between 9,000 Kg / hour and 10,000 Kg / hour.

Simultaneously with the sending of solution F to the dispenser 6, the process provides for the continuous sending of the additive A to said dispenser 6, via the second supply line 3. The phase of sending the additive A provides for the activation of the valve 14 and the gravimetric doser 25 which allows the withdrawal of said additive A from the second tank 12 (second source 5) and the sending (continuously) to the dispenser 6 through the second entrance 6b.

More in detail, the dispenser 14 allows the continuous delivery to the dispenser of a quantity of additive A greater than 1,800 kg / hour, in particular between 2,000 kg / hour and 2,400 kg / hour.

As previously described, the second inlet 6b of the additive A is upstream of the first inlet 6a of the carrier; the process therefore involves the introduction of the additive upstream of the carrier. This inlet sequence allows the formation of a solid plug of granular or dusty additus upstream of the first inlet 6a. The solid cap of additive A is pushed by the mixing element towards the outlet 6c of the dispenser.

The introduction of the carrier through the first inlet located downstream of the second inlet allows the carrier to invest the solid cap for the formation of the fertilizer dispersion C. In this way the additive (solid cap of granular or dusty material) allows the carrier to advance towards exit 6c.

The carrier F and the additive A inside the dispenser 6 are moved continuously towards the outlet 6c of the latter along the direction of movement 10: the movement is generated by the activation of the motor 24 which rotates the propeller or screw 30.

Simultaneously with the continuous movement of the carrier F and the additive A, the dispenser 6 mixes the latter to obtain the fertilizer dispersion C. The propeller or screw 30 guides the fertilizer dispersion C through the choke 33 where this dispersion is made to pass inside the nozzle 34. In fact, the dispersion C is moved continuously inside the dispenser 6 and continuously expelled through the outlet 6c.

In particular, the process allows the continuous dispensing of a quantity of fertilizer dispersion C greater than 8,000 kg / hour, in particular between 11,000 kg / hour and 15,000 kg / hour.

Based on the quantities of carrier F and additive A, the concentrations of the latter vary within the dispersion and consequently within the tablets.

In particular, the dispersion C, leaving the dispenser 6, has a carrier F percentage higher than 70%, in particular higher than 80%, even more particularly higher than 85%. The concentration of additive A, present in the fertilizer dispersion C leaving the dispenser 6, is higher than 2%, in particular higher than 10%, even more particularly higher than 15%.

During the expulsion of the dispersion C there is a possible formation of gases or vapors at the outlet 6c of the dispenser 6. The process may include, but not limited to, a phase of aspiration of said gases or vapors from the exit zone of the dispersion C.

In particular, the process provides for an activation phase of the expulsion device 23 (for example a fan) which is in communication with the exhaust line 22 in turn connected to the collection hood 21. The gases and / or vapors generated by the outlet of the dispersion C from the dispenser 6, they are contained and collected by the hood 21. The activation of the device 23 allows these gases to be conveyed inside the exhaust line 22 and subsequently expelled by the device itself 23 Generally the suction phase is carried out in order to release the gases and / or vapors, generated by the expulsion phase of the dispersion C, in areas distant from the production area. The fertilizer dispersion C is generally made up of solutions or chemical compounds which can generate irritating gases and / or vapors or in any case to be removed from the work area: the removal of gases allows the production area to be kept in safety and conditions. optimal working conditions.

The dispersion C coming out of the dispenser 6 is continuously sent to the pelletizer 7 which is configured to allow the formation of tablets consisting of said fertilizer dispersion C.

In fact, the pelletizer 7 collects the fertilizer dispersion C continuously arriving from the dispenser and generates tablets on the conveyor belt. The tableting phase of the dispersion C is known per se and can be performed through different types of tableting units or tableting machines 7 and will therefore not be described in further detail.

The tablet machine 7 continuously generates a plurality of dispersion tablets C which are deposited on the belt 8 which moves the tablets along the outlet line 16 and towards the distributor 26.

The tablets moving on the belt 8 are cooled and brought to the solid state.

The process thus configured allows the continuous production of a number of fertilizer tablets in excess of 40,000,000 tablets / hour, in particular higher than 42,000,000 tablets / hour, even more particularly higher than 43,000,000 tablets / hour.

The process described refers, in a non-limiting way, to a single production line 35 or a process using a single dispenser 6 supplied by only two supply lines 2 and 3.

However, the possibility of providing a plurality of first and second supply lines 2 and 3 adapted to serve different dispensers 6 (condition illustrated in Figure 2) is not excluded.

Each of said lines 2, 3 can be supplied with different flow rates of carrier F or additive A so that each dispenser 6 can supply different tablets (different concentrations of solution F and additive A).

Whether there is only one dispenser 6 or if there are a plurality of them, the process can provide for the preparation of the control unit 9 which allows, in a non-limiting way, to monitor and manage the ™ whole process.

Fertilizer in tablets

The method and plant described above can obviously be used to produce any type of tablet fertilizer.

However, an example of a fertilizer composition considered to be particularly interesting and which can be produced in tablets is described here.

It should be noted that the same tablets (as later clarified) can advantageously be made with the process described, but also by adopting systems with a batch mixing tank of carrier F and additive A.

In general terms, the fertilizer in tablets comprises a plurality of discrete elements or tablets of average similar shape and size and of the same composition. The weight of at least 90% of the fertilizer tablets is less than 100g, in particular less than 80g, even more particularly less than 50g.

Each tablet is substantially constituted by a carrier F comprising at least one of the following components: sulfur, urea, ammonium nitrate, paraffin, natural resin, synthetic resin and is present inside the dispersion in a percentage by weight of not less than 70 % (the weight percentage of the carrier (F) is generally higher than 80%, in particular higher than 85%.

The composition then provides that at least one additive A homogeneously dispersed within the carrier F is present; additive A comprises at least one substance capable of carrying out a disintegrating mechanical function of the tablet, for example in the presence of water or humidity.

In fact, since the carrier which at room temperature of use (e.g. 25 °) is in the solid state is substantially insoluble in water, it is necessary to add a component that involves its disintegration, in particular by mechanical action. In this regard, the carriers of greatest interest are sulfur or urea. In this regard, the specific weight of carrier F, when urea, is greater than 1.3 Kg / dm <3>, when sulfur is greater than 1.9 Kg / dm <3>.

In this regard, the substance capable of carrying out the disintegrating mechanical function of the tablet in the presence of rain or irrigation includes vegetable fibers. By way of example, it is possible to use wood, sawdust or in any case wood-based waste materials, vegetable masses, starch, tows and / or combinations of the latter.

Preferably, but not limitingly, the substance capable of carrying out a disruptive mechanical function of the tablet is dispersed in the tablet in a particular form, the particles of which have a particle size greater than 50 microns and less than 150 microns, in particular between 80 and 120. micron.

In fact, in the presence of humidity these substances absorb water and increase in volume. Since they are intimately dispersed in the tablet, this involves the disintegration of the fertilizer tablet itself so that the components become usable for cultivation.

The specific weight of the substance capable of carrying out a disintegrating mechanical function of the tablet is less than 1.7 Kg / dm <3>, in particular less than 1.5 Kg / dm <3>.

It should be noted that the substance capable of carrying out a disintegrating mechanical function of the tablet is present in a percentage greater than 2% by weight, but less than 10% by weight and in particular less than 7% by weight. In fact, the use of low weight vegetable fibers allows to reduce the percentage of this component in the face of a possible increase in other additives, particularly micronutrients, as specified below.

As mentioned, the additive may or may not include other components such as micronutrients or disinfectants.

In general terms, the percentage by weight of additive A is overall higher than 10% and in particular higher than 15% and in percentage by weight lower than 20% and in particular lower than 16% by weight.

Any micronutrient substance (s) include urea, sodium sulphates, potassium, calcium, ammonium, sodium phosphates, sodium carbonates, wood ash or combinations thereof and constitute, in percentage by weight, less than 15 %, in greater detail less than 12%) of the total weight of the pad.

Generally, the micronutrient substance is included in a percentage by weight higher than 5%, in greater detail higher than 8% by weight.

If desired, the additive (A) may comprise at least one disinfectant substance, such as charcoal.

ADVANTAGES OF THE FOUND

Thanks to the use of the process for the production of fertilizer designed to continuously serve the dispenser 6, it is possible to significantly reduce the production times of the tablets (rapid production of tablets in such a way as to allow a reduction in product costs) .

The equipment described above is configured to allow the mixing of carrier F and additive A inside the dispenser 6 simultaneously with the movement of the latter along the feed line 10 in an extremely rapid and effective manner. The compactness of the equipment 1 and the reduction in the number of components, as well as allowing the reduction of production times, makes it possible to make the entire production system extremely economical, also facilitating management and maintenance.

The process and the apparatus appear extremely versatile allowing to modify the fertilizer compositions substantially in real time and without substantial waste.

Furthermore, the particular composition described allows to have fertilizer tablets with lower costs than those normally on the market and in which the percentage of micronutrients, usually not higher than 5%, can be brought to percentages around 10%.

LEGEND

1 Equipment for the production of fertilizer in tablets 2 First feeding line

2nd Entrance

2b Exit

3 Second power line

3rd Entrance

3b Exit

4 Carrier source

5 Source of additive

6 Dispenser

6th First entrance

6b Second entrance

6c Exit

7 Tablet maker

8 Conveyor belt

9 Control unit

10 Line of progress

1 1 First tank

The Exit

12 Second tank

12th Exit

13 Pump

14 Dispenser

15 Heating device

16 Line out

17 Bypass line

18 Shut-off element

19 Volumetric counter

20 Aspirator

21 Grouping hood

22 Drain line

23 Ejection device

24 Electric motor

25 Gravimetric doser

26 Distributor

27 Sorting belt

28 Pad collection tank 29 Connection

30 Propeller or worm

3 1 First end

32 Second end

33 Choke

34 Nozzle

35 Production line

A Additive

C Fertilizer dispersion

F Carrier

Claims (10)

CLAIMS 1. Process for the production of fertilizer tablets comprising the following steps: > prepare at least one liquid carrier (F) comprising at least one included in the group of the following components: sulfur, urea, ammonium nitrate, paraffin, natural resin, synthetic resin; > prepare at least one additive (A) in granular or powder form,> homogeneously mix the liquid carrier (F) and the additive (A) to obtain a fertilizer dispersion (C), said liquid carrier being present in the dispersion in percentage by weight not less than 70%; > sending said fertilizer dispersion (C) to a tablet press (7) configured to allow the formation of fertilizer tablets (C); > form the tablets by means of the pelletizer (7) by delivering the fertilizer dispersion in drops on at least one conveyor belt (8); > cooling said tablets in passage on said conveyor belt (8) so as to allow at least partial solidification of the latter, the additive (A) comprising at least one substance capable of performing a disintegrating mechanical function of the tablet, for example in the presence of water or humidity, said substance capable of carrying out a mechanical disintegrating function of the tablet being chosen from the group of vegetable fibers such as wood, wood-based materials, vegetable mass, starch, tow and / or combinations of the latter, said substance capable of carrying out a disintegrating mechanical function of the tablet being present in a percentage greater than 2% by weight. 2. Process according to the preceding claim, in which the substance capable of carrying out a mechanical disintegrating function of the tablet absorbs water and / or humidity, increasing its volume to at least partially disintegrate the tablet mechanically and is present in a percentage lower than 10% by weight, in particular, the specific weight of the substance capable of carrying out a disintegrating mechanical function of the tablet is less than 1.7 Kg / dm <3>, the carrier (F) being sulfur or urea and being substantially insoluble in water, in particular the percentage by weight of the carrier (F) being higher than 80%, the percentage by weight of additive (A) being higher than 10%. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising the steps of: - prepare at least a first supply line (2) suitable for allowing the passage of the liquid carrier (F), - arrange at least a second supply line (3) suitable for allowing the passage of the additive (A) in granular or powder form, - arrange at least one dispenser (6) in communication with at least said first and second supply lines (2 ; 3), - continuously send to the dispenser (6), via the first supply line (2), the liquid carrier (F) arriving from a respective source (4), - continuously send to the dispenser (6), via the second supply line (3), the additive (A) arriving from a respective source (5), - move, inside the dispenser (6), the liquid carrier (F) and the additive (A) along a direction of progress (10) of the process, - mix, inside the dispenser (6), the liquid carrier (F) and the additive (A) to obtain a fertilizer dispersion (C), the mixing phase taking place continuously and simultaneously with the phase of moving the carrier (F) and the additive (A) along the direction of advancement (10) in such a way as to allow dispensing continuous fertilizer dispersion (C). 4. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the mixing step is carried out inside an extruder (6) and comprises a step of continuously advancing the carrier (F) and the additive (A) by pushing them along the direction of advancement (10) by means of at least one mixing element (30), for example a screw or a propeller, set in rotation, said mixing element (30) mixing the carrier and the additive at the same time as the phase of continuous advancement, an axis of rotation of the mixing element (30) being substantially parallel, and in particular substantially coinciding, with the direction of advancement. 5. Process according to the preceding claim, in which an inlet (6b) to the extruder of the additive is placed upstream, along the direction of advancement (10), with respect to an inlet (6a) of the carrier, the additive encountering the carrier following its movement along the direction of advancement (10) and mixing with the latter inside the extruder (6). 6. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, in which a step of continuously sending the carrier (F) to the dispenser (6) comprises a sub-phase for dosing the flow rate of the latter arriving from the source (4) and at the inlet to the dispenser (6) to regulate the quantity of fertilized solution (F) present in the fertilizer dispersion (C), the dosage being obtained by controlling a feed pump (13) through a control unit (9), for for example a gear pump, a phase of continuously sending the additive (A) to a dispenser (6) includes a sub-phase for dosing the quantity of the latter arriving from the additive source (5) and entering the € ™ dispenser (6) able to regulate the quantity of additive of the fertilizer dispersion (C), the dosage being obtained by controlling a quantity of additive dispensed by means of a gravimetric dispenser (25), the process including a heating phase of the carrier (F) liquid or configured to bring the liquid carrier (F) to a temperature between 70 ° C and 200 ° C, in which the step of forming the tablets includes at least the sub-phases of sending the fertilizer dispersion (C) inside a tablet press ( 7) in a liquid or semi-liquid state, move the tablet (7) in rotation and dispense a predetermined quantity of fertilizer dispersion (C) in discrete portions on the conveyor belt through a plurality of deposition nozzles, a cooling phase of the tablets allowing to bring the latter to a temperature below 50 ° C. 7. Fertilizer tablets, each tablet comprising: â € ¢ a carrier (F) comprising at least one included in the group of the following components: sulfur, urea, ammonium nitrate, paraffin, natural resin, synthetic resin; said carrier being present inside the dispersion in a percentage by weight of not less than 70%; â € ¢ at least one additive (A) homogeneously dispersed inside the carrier (F), the additive (A) including at least one substance capable of carrying out a mechanical disintegrating function of the tablet, for example in the presence of water or humidity, said substance capable of carrying out a mechanical disintegrating function of the tablet being chosen from the group of vegetable fibers such as wood, wood-based materials, vegetable mass, starch, tow and / or combinations of the latter, said substance capable of carrying out a disintegrating mechanical function of the tablet being present in a percentage greater than 2% by weight. 8. Fertilizer according to the preceding claim, wherein the weight percentage of the carrier (F) is higher than 85% and the weight percentage of additive (A) is higher than 10%, in particular the additive (A ) comprising at least one micronutrient selected from the group that includes urea, sodium sulphates, potassium, calcium, ammonium, sodium phosphates, sodium carbonates, wood ash or combinations thereof, the micronutrient substance is included in a percentage by weight greater than 5% and below 12% 9. Fertilizer according to any one of the preceding claims 7 or 8, in which the substance capable of carrying out a mechanical disintegrating function of the tablet absorbs water and / or humidity, increasing its volume to at least partially disintegrate the tablet mechanically, the specific weight of the substance suitable for perform a disruptive mechanical function being less than 1.7 Kg / dm and the specific weight of the carrier (F) being greater than 1, 9 Kg / dm. 10. Fertilizer according to any one of the preceding claims 7 to 9, wherein the weight of at least 90% of the fertilizer tablets is less than 100 g, in particular less than 80 g, even more particularly less than 50 g, and in which the substance capable of carrying out a disintegrating mechanical function of the tablet is dispersed in the tablet in the form of particulate matter, in which the particles have a particle size greater than 50 microns and less than 150 microns, in particular between 80 and 120 microns.