ITMI20091325A1 - COMPOSITION FOR ROAD FLOORS AND ITS MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE - Google Patents
COMPOSITION FOR ROAD FLOORS AND ITS MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ITMI20091325A1 ITMI20091325A1 IT001325A ITMI20091325A ITMI20091325A1 IT MI20091325 A1 ITMI20091325 A1 IT MI20091325A1 IT 001325 A IT001325 A IT 001325A IT MI20091325 A ITMI20091325 A IT MI20091325A IT MI20091325 A1 ITMI20091325 A1 IT MI20091325A1
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- IT
- Italy
- Prior art keywords
- formaldehyde
- composition according
- composition
- aggregates
- melamine
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 50
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001033 granulometry Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000016571 aggressive behavior Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical class N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- XUMBMVFBXHLACL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Melanin Chemical compound O=C1C(=O)C(C2=CNC3=C(C(C(=O)C4=C32)=O)C)=C2C4=CNC2=C1C XUMBMVFBXHLACL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004079 fireproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012761 high-performance material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013521 mastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
- E01C7/18—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and bituminous binders
- E01C7/26—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and bituminous binders mixed with other materials, e.g. cement, rubber, leather, fibre
- E01C7/265—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and bituminous binders mixed with other materials, e.g. cement, rubber, leather, fibre with rubber or synthetic resin, e.g. with rubber aggregate, with synthetic resin binder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B26/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B26/12—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
- C04B26/122—Phenol-formaldehyde condensation polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B26/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B26/12—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
- C04B26/125—Melamine-formaldehyde condensation polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B26/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B26/12—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
- C04B26/127—Urea formaldehyde condensation polymers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
- E01C7/35—Toppings or surface dressings; Methods of mixing, impregnating, or spreading them
- E01C7/356—Toppings or surface dressings; Methods of mixing, impregnating, or spreading them with exclusively synthetic resin as a binder; Aggregate, fillers or other additives for application on or in the surface of toppings having exclusively synthetic resin as binder
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Description
"COMPOSIZIONE PER PAVIMENTAZIONI STRADALI E SUO PROCEDIMENTO DI FABBRICAZIONE" "COMPOSITION FOR ROAD FLOORING AND ITS MANUFACTURING PROCESS"
D E S C R I Z I O N E DESCRIPTION
Il presente trovato ha come oggetto una composizione per pavimentazioni stradali ed il suo procedimento di fabbricazione. The present invention relates to a composition for road paving and its manufacturing process.
È nota la realizzazione di pavimentazioni flessibili o semirigide mediante strati in conglomerato bituminoso, il cui legante à ̈ il bitume. It is known the realization of flexible or semi-rigid floors by means of layers of bituminous conglomerate, whose binder is bitumen.
Compito del presente trovato à ̈ quello di realizzare una nuova composizione che permetta una adeguata risposta meccanica alla trazione oltre che ai fenomeni vibrazionali derivanti da mezzi in transito. The aim of the present invention is to provide a new composition which allows an adequate mechanical response to traction as well as to vibrational phenomena deriving from vehicles in transit.
Lo scopo del presente trovato consiste nella realizzazione di un materiale innovativo ad alte prestazioni in grado di essere impiegato come strato (sia esso di sottobase, base, collegamento o usura) per pavimentazioni di infrastrutture stradali ed aeroportuali. The object of the present invention consists in the realization of an innovative high-performance material capable of being used as a layer (whether it is a sub-base, base, connection or wear layer) for paving road and airport infrastructures.
L’oggetto de presente trovato à ̈ costituito da una miscela composita ottenuta dalla miscelazione di una particolare resina termoindurente con aggregati di diversa natura e provenienza, come meglio specificato in seguito. The object of the present invention consists of a composite mixture obtained by mixing a particular thermosetting resin with aggregates of different nature and origin, as better specified below.
Il materiale così composto presenta caratteristiche fisicomeccaniche che lo rendono particolarmente adatto a sopportare elevate sollecitazioni sia statiche, sia dinamiche, grazie all’interazione dei suoi componenti. The material thus composed has physical-mechanical characteristics that make it particularly suitable for withstanding high static and dynamic stresses, thanks to the interaction of its components.
È infatti noto allo stato attuale della tecnica che nella realizzazione di pavimentazioni flessibili, semi-rigide e rigide gli strati della pavimentazione sono realizzati in conglomerato bituminoso (il cui legante à ̈ il bitume), in misto cementato e/o in calcestruzzo (il cui legante à ̈ il cemento). In fact, it is known in the current state of the art that in the construction of flexible, semi-rigid and rigid flooring the layers of the flooring are made of bituminous conglomerate (whose binder is bitumen), in mixed cement and / or concrete (whose cement is the binder).
Tali materiali hanno buona rigidezza e resistenza a compressione, mentre presentano basse resistenze nei confronti della trazione, soprattutto se indiretta. These materials have good stiffness and compressive strength, while they have low resistance to traction, especially if indirect.
Il materiale che si intende proteggere, grazie principalmente alla presenza della resina, permette una adeguata risposta meccanica alla trazione oltre che ai fenomeni vibrazionali derivanti da mezzi in transito. Inoltre, dato l’elevato potere legante della resina, il materiale che si intende proteggere à ̈ caratterizzato da elevata resistenza allo spogliamento, all’aggressione di agenti contaminanti quali carburanti ed oli, e agli agenti atmosferici. The material to be protected, thanks mainly to the presence of the resin, allows an adequate mechanical response to traction as well as to the vibrational phenomena deriving from vehicles in transit. Moreover, given the high binding power of the resin, the material to be protected is characterized by high resistance to stripping, to the aggression of contaminants such as fuels and oils, and to atmospheric agents.
Inoltre, data la natura della resina legante, la miscela à ̈ anche caratterizzata da bassa termo sensibilità con limitata deformabilità dovuta a variazioni di temperatura, elemento questo che, insieme alle altre proprietà , la rende particolarmente idonea ad applicazioni stradali ed aeroportuali. Furthermore, given the nature of the binder resin, the mixture is also characterized by low thermo sensitivity with limited deformability due to temperature variations, an element which, together with the other properties, makes it particularly suitable for road and airport applications.
L’impiego della resina termoindurente nei vari strati di pavimentazioni stradali ed aeroportuali rappresenta quindi il principale aspetto di novità e di originalità dell’invenzione, in quanto, allo stato della tecnica, tale tipologia di legante non trova utilizzo nella costruzione di infrastrutture di trasporto. The use of thermosetting resin in the various layers of road and airport pavements therefore represents the main novelty and originality aspect of the invention, since, at the state of the art, this type of binder is not used in the construction of transport.
La nuova miscela che costituisce l’oggetto del presente trovato trova ampia applicazione principalmente nella realizzazione di infrastrutture stradali, urbane ed extraurbane o aeroportuali. The new mixture which constitutes the object of the present invention finds wide application mainly in the construction of road, urban and extra-urban or airport infrastructures.
Ai fini dell’applicabilità industriale della miscela in oggetto sono da evidenziare i vantaggi economici ed ambientali derivanti dall'impiego della resina termoindurente come legante che, non necessita di elevate temperature di lavorazione, tipiche dei conglomerati bituminosi che richiedono temperature di miscelazione e di posa in opera superiori a 140°C. For the purposes of the industrial applicability of the mixture in question, the economic and environmental advantages deriving from the use of the thermosetting resin as a binder, which does not require high processing temperatures, typical of bituminous conglomerates that require mixing and laying temperatures, should be highlighted. in place above 140 ° C.
Tale caratteristica costituisce un forte contributo alla limitazione del consumo energetico in tutte le fasi di lavorazione e limita i danni agli operatori dovuti alla emissione di fumi tossico-nocivi. This feature makes a strong contribution to limiting energy consumption in all stages of processing and limits damage to operators due to the emission of toxic-noxious fumes.
La resina à ̈ inoltre trasportabile a temperatura ambiente con mezzi convenzionali, in quanto trattasi di prodotto non pericoloso. The resin is also transportable at room temperature with conventional means, as it is a non-dangerous product.
È possibile realizzare la miscela che costituisce l’oggetto del presente trovato mediante l’impiego di aggregati lapidei derivanti da cava di prestito, ma anche di aggregati in argilla espansa, aggregati da rifiuti o da demolizioni di opere civili. It is possible to make the mixture that constitutes the object of the present invention by using stone aggregates deriving from loan quarries, but also aggregates in expanded clay, aggregates from waste or from demolition of civil works.
Data la colorazione bianca e/o trasparente della resina, la miscela per pavimentazioni stradali in oggetto dell’invenzione presenta in opera la colorazione dell’aggregato. Given the white and / or transparent coloring of the resin, the mixture for road pavements object of the invention shows the coloring of the aggregate on site.
Ciò la rende particolarmente idonea all’impiego per applicazioni superficiali in ambiti di particolare pregio artistico e ambientale (es. vie di accesso e piazzali in prossimità di monumenti e ville storiche, vie carrabili di parchi e di siti archeologici). This makes it particularly suitable for use for surface applications in areas of particular artistic and environmental value (eg access roads and squares near monuments and historic villas, driveways in parks and archaeological sites).
È inoltre possibile pigmentare tale resina in modo da ottenere la colorazione desiderata (es. rosso, giallo, verde, ecc.). It is also possible to pigment this resin in order to obtain the desired color (eg red, yellow, green, etc.).
Ciò la rende anche idonea per utilizzi in ambito urbano come segnalamento visivo di aree particolari, come zone 30 e piste ciclabili. This also makes it suitable for use in urban areas as a visual signaling of particular areas, such as zone 30 and cycle paths.
Nella formulazione del prodotto la resina presenta elevate prestazioni in termini di resistenza al fuoco, risultando particolarmente indicata per gallerie, aree di rifornimento, piazzole per la logistica, piazzali di sosta e testate aeroportuali. In the formulation of the product, the resin exhibits high performance in terms of fire resistance, making it particularly suitable for tunnels, refueling areas, logistic areas, rest areas and airport heads.
La resina, con o senza aggiunta di aggregati, può essere utilizzata per trattamenti superficiali di pavimentazioni bituminose al fine di proteggerle da attacchi di agenti chimici aggressivi, di carburanti e per la protezione dal fuoco delia pavimentazione stessa. The resin, with or without the addition of aggregates, can be used for surface treatments of bituminous pavements in order to protect them from attacks by aggressive chemical agents, fuels and to protect the pavement itself from fire.
Inoltre, la resina, con o senza aggregati, può essere impiegata anche per sigillare fessure di pavimentazioni. Furthermore, the resin, with or without aggregates, can also be used to seal cracks in flooring.
Da quanto esposto, appare evidente che la miscela con resina termoindurente in oggetto risulta di grande interesse per gli enti gestori stradali ed aeroportuali, Comuni, Province e Regioni, Enti di tutela Ambientale e di Beni Culturali, imprese di costruzioni e di smaltimento dei rifiuti, progettisti, produttori di materiali per opere civili. From the foregoing, it is clear that the mixture with thermosetting resin in question is of great interest to road and airport management bodies, Municipalities, Provinces and Regions, Environmental and Cultural Heritage Bodies, construction and waste disposal companies, designers, producers of materials for civil works.
Nell’ambito di questo compito, uno scopo del trovato à ̈ quello di realizzare una composizione caratterizzata da una elevata resistenza allo spogliamento, all’aggressione di agenti contaminanti quali carburanti ed oli, agli agenti atmosferici. Within the scope of this aim, an object of the invention is to provide a composition characterized by a high resistance to stripping, to the aggression of contaminating agents such as fuels and oils, to atmospheric agents.
Un ulteriore scopo à ̈ quello di realizzare una composizione caratterizzata da una ridotta termo-sensibilità con limitata deformabilità dovuta a variazioni di temperatura. A further object is to provide a composition characterized by a reduced thermo-sensitivity with limited deformability due to temperature variations.
Tale caratteristica la rende particolarmente idonea ad applicazioni stradali ed aeroportuali in sostituzione degli attuali conglomerati bituminosi, che a causa del legante idrocarburico risentono in maniera evidente della combinazione di variazioni di origine termica e dei carichi transienti, con conseguenti fenomeni di dissesto quali fessurazioni trasversali e deformazioni permanenti, le cosiddette "ormaie". This feature makes it particularly suitable for road and airport applications to replace the current bituminous conglomerates, which, due to the hydrocarbon binder, are clearly affected by the combination of variations of thermal origin and transient loads, with consequent instability phenomena such as transverse cracks and deformations. permanent, the so-called "ormaie".
Un altro scopo del presente trovato à ̈ quello di realizzare una composizione che possa essere vantaggiosamente impiegata anche per la manutenzione ordinaria e straordinaria di pavimentazioni rigide in lastre di calcestruzzo. Another object of the present invention is to provide a composition which can be advantageously used also for the ordinary and extraordinary maintenance of rigid floors made of concrete slabs.
Un ulteriore scopo à ̈ quello di realizzare una composizione che trovi ampia applicazione principalmente nella realizzazione di infrastrutture stradali o aeroportuali. A further object is to provide a composition which finds wide application mainly in the construction of road or airport infrastructures.
Un altro scopo del trovato à ̈ quello di realizzare una composizione che offra sostanziali vantaggi economici ed ambientali, fornendo un forte contributo alla limitazione dei consumi energetico in tutte le fasi di lavorazione. Another object of the invention is to provide a composition which offers substantial economic and environmental advantages, providing a strong contribution to limiting energy consumption in all processing stages.
Uno scopo precipuo del trovato à ̈ quindi quello di realizzare una composizione che risulti di grande interesse per gli enti gestori stradali ed aeroportuali, per le imprese di costruzioni, per i progettisti e per i produttori di materiali per opere civili. A primary purpose of the invention is therefore to provide a composition which is of great interest to road and airport management bodies, construction companies, designers and producers of materials for civil works.
Un altro scopo del presente trovato à ̈ quello di realizzare una composizione che, per le sue peculiari caratteristiche realizzative, sia in grado di assicurare le più ampie garanzie di affidabilità e di sicurezza nell'uso. Another object of the present invention is to provide a composition which, due to its particular constructive characteristics, is able to ensure the greatest guarantees of reliability and safety in use.
Questo ed altri scopi, che meglio appariranno evidenziati in seguito, sono raggiunti da una composizione per pavimentazioni stradali caratterizzata dal fatto di comprendere aggregati di idonea pezzatura ed un legante a base di resina termoindurente bicomponente. This and other purposes, which will appear more clearly in the following, are achieved by a composition for road pavements characterized in that it comprises aggregates of suitable size and a binder based on two-component thermosetting resin.
La resina necessita infatti di un catalizzatore per l'indurimento. The resin in fact requires a catalyst for hardening.
La resina usata per questa pavimentazione à ̈ un polimero scelto tra i seguent The resin used for this flooring is a polymer chosen from the following
1. Formaldeide legata a Melamina oppure; 1. Formaldehyde linked to Melamine or;
2. Formaldeide legata ad Urea oppure; 2. Formaldehyde bound to Urea or;
3. Formaldeide legata a Fenolo oppure; 3. Phenol-bound formaldehyde or;
4. Formaldeide legata sia a Melamina che ad Urea oppure; 4. Formaldehyde linked to both Melamine and Urea or;
5. Formaldeide legata sia a Melamina che a Fenolo oppure; 5. Formaldehyde linked to both Melamine and Phenol or;
6. Formaldeide legata sia a Urea che a Fenolo oppure; 7. Formaldeide legata sia a Melamina che a Urea e Fenolo. 6. Formaldehyde linked to both Urea and Phenol or; 7. Formaldehyde bound to both Melamine and Urea and Phenol.
In tutti i casi il solvente del polimero risulta essere acqua. Si sottolinea il carattere ingnifugo delle resine di cui al punto 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 e 7. In all cases, the solvent of the polymer is water. The fireproofing character of the resins referred to in points 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 is emphasized.
La tipologia di resina viene stabilita di volta in volta dall’esperto del ramo (resine) a seconda delle caratteristiche richieste dall’applicazione. The type of resin is established from time to time by the expert in the field (resins) according to the characteristics required by the application.
Sempre secondo una soluzione preferita della presente invenzione, le composizioni minime e massime in peso dei diversi componenti del composto polimerico sono: Still according to a preferred solution of the present invention, the minimum and maximum compositions by weight of the different components of the polymeric compound are:
Formaldeide: 12% min - 40% max; Formaldehyde: 12% min - 40% max;
Melamina: 0% min - 45% max; Melamine: 0% min - 45% max;
Urea: 0% min - 60%; Urea: 0% min - 60%;
Fenolo: 0% - 30%; Phenol: 0% - 30%;
Additivi e riempitivi: 0% - 30%; Additives and fillers: 0% - 30%;
Acqua (solvente) 0% min - 50% max; Water (solvent) 0% min - 50% max;
Catalizzatori: 0% min - 10% max. Catalysts: 0% min - 10% max.
I catalizzatori vengono utilizzati per ridurre i tempi di indurimento. Catalysts are used to reduce curing times.
In tale caso la resina viene definita di tipologia “bi componente†. In this case the resin is defined as the â € œbi componentâ € type.
Per catalizzatori si usano soluzioni acquose di acidi e/o sali ammoniacali e/o ammine con percentuali comprese tra un minimo del 10% ad un massimo del 70% in peso. For catalysts, aqueous solutions of acids and / or ammonia salts and / or amines with percentages ranging from a minimum of 10% to a maximum of 70% by weight are used.
La resina, ottenuta secondo una delle precedenti formulazioni, presenta, all’atto della miscelazione con l’aggregato e nel corso della compattazione, una viscosità dinamica compresa tra 0,05 Pa*s (a 20°C) e 4,0 Pa*s (a 20°C), misurata secondo la Norma UNI EN 12092. The resin, obtained according to one of the previous formulations, has, upon mixing with the aggregate and during compaction, a dynamic viscosity between 0.05 Pa * s (at 20 ° C) and 4.0 Pa * s (at 20 ° C), measured according to the UNI EN 12092 standard.
Gli aggregati hanno la varia natura e provenienza. The aggregates have various nature and origin.
Infatti, secondo la presente invenzione si possono indifferentemente impiegare aggregati lapidei derivanti da cava di prestito, aggregati alleggeriti in argilla espansa, aggregati da rifiuti, se opportunamente trattati e stabilizzati, o da demolizione di opere civili, purché rispondano alle tradizionali caratteristiche di prestazioni, forma e dimensioni note all’esperto del ramo (infrastrutture varie). In fact, according to the present invention, stone aggregates deriving from loan quarries, lightened aggregates in expanded clay, aggregates from waste, if suitably treated and stabilized, or from demolition of civil works can be used indifferently, provided they meet the traditional performance characteristics, shape and size known to the expert in the field (various infrastructures).
Gli aggregati, derivanti da cava di prestito opportunamente trattati con i processi di frantumazione e vagliatura noti all’esperto del ramo, possono essere indifferentemente di natura calcarea o silicea. The aggregates, deriving from loan quarries, suitably treated with the crushing and screening processes known to the skilled in the art, can be indifferently of a calcareous or siliceous nature.
La granulometria di tali aggregati à ̈ scelta dall’esperto del ram in ragione della finalità d’uso degli spessori di stesa. The granulometry of these aggregates is chosen by the ram expert according to the purpose of use of the paving thicknesses.
Secondo una soluzione preferita della presente invenzione, la granulometria degli aggregati à ̈ compresa tra 0,075 mm e 6 mm per tappeti di usura chiusi di spessore compreso tra 2 cm e 3 cm. According to a preferred solution of the present invention, the granulometry of the aggregates is between 0.075 mm and 6 mm for closed wear mats with a thickness of between 2 cm and 3 cm.
Per spessori superiori, il dia, metro massimo degli aggregati à ̈ opportunamente definito dall’esperto del ramo delle infrastrutture viarie purché il rapporto tra tale diametro massimo e lo spessore finito dello strato sia almeno pari a 3. For higher thicknesses, the maximum diameter of the aggregates is suitably defined by the expert in the field of road infrastructures as long as the ratio between this maximum diameter and the finished thickness of the layer is at least equal to 3.
La medesima regola può essere adottata per definire il diametro massimo degli aggregati per altri strati oltre l’usura. The same rule can be adopted to define the maximum diameter of the aggregates for other layers beyond wear.
Secondo una ulteriore soluzione preferita della presente invenzione, la granulometria dell’aggregato lapideo può essere opportunamente selezionata al fine di ottenere miscele aperte per scopi drenanti e fonoassorbenti. According to a further preferred solution of the present invention, the granulometry of the stone aggregate can be suitably selected in order to obtain open mixtures for draining and sound-absorbing purposes.
In tale caso, lo spessore finito dello strato à ̈ almeno pari a 4 cm con diametro massimo dell’aggregato non superiore a 15 mm. In this case, the finished thickness of the layer is at least equal to 4 cm with a maximum diameter of the aggregate not exceeding 15 mm.
Inoltre, nella composizione della granulometria della frazione lapidea sono escluse, o comunque limitate a non oltre il 10% in peso rispetto al peso totale degli aggregati, le frazioni delle sabbie e delle sabbie fini (diametro nominale compreso tra 6 mm e 2 mm); ciò per permettere la discontinuità granulometrica necessaria ad assicurare le funzioni drenanti e fonoassorbenti. Furthermore, in the composition of the granulometry of the stone fraction, the fractions of sands and fine sands (nominal diameter between 6 mm and 2 mm) are excluded, or in any case limited to no more than 10% by weight with respect to the total weight of the aggregates; this is to allow the granulometric discontinuity necessary to ensure the draining and sound-absorbing functions.
La miscela oggetto della presente invenzione può non contenere l’additivo minerale (filler ) di diametro inferiore a 0,075 mm, a differenza di quanto avviene correntemente per la produzione dei conglomerati bituminosi. The mixture object of the present invention may not contain the mineral additive (filler) with a diameter of less than 0.075 mm, unlike what currently occurs for the production of bituminous conglomerates.
Ciò perché nel caso della resina termoindurente, la tipica funzione del filler nei conglomerati bituminosi, ovvero la necessità di costituire con il bitume il mastice bituminoso necessario a garantire l’adesione algi aggregati e la coesione interna, viene a perdersi. This is because in the case of thermosetting resin, the typical function of the filler in bituminous conglomerates, that is the need to form the bitumen mastic necessary to guarantee adhesion to aggregates and internal cohesion with bitumen, is lost.
La nuova miscela per strati di pavimentazione ( siano essi di sottobase, base, collegamento o usura ) con resina termoindurente oggetto di invenzione ha contenuto di legante ( resina termoindurente ) compreso tra il 2% e l’8% in peso ( rispetto al peso dell’aggregato secco ). The new mixture for layers of flooring (be they of sub-base, base, connection or wear) with thermosetting resin object of the invention has a binder content (thermosetting resin) between 2% and 8% by weight (with respect to weight of the dry aggregate).
L’esatto quantitativo di resina à ̈ determinato di volta in volta dall’esperto del ramo ( infrastrutture viarie ) in ragione della composizione granulometrica degli aggregati e delle finalità d’impiego. The exact quantity of resin is determined from time to time by the expert in the field (road infrastructures) based on the particle size composition of the aggregates and the purpose of use.
Il procedimento di fabbricazione della miscela viene effettuato attraverso un processo sia fisico che chimico. The manufacturing process of the mixture is carried out through both a physical and a chemical process.
Il materiale lapideo viene rivestito con la resina, mediante semplice miscelazione, con l’eventuale presenza di un catalizzatore. The stone material is coated with the resin, by simple mixing, with the possible presence of a catalyst.
Successivamente si verifica la fase finale di presa e di indurimento consistente in una reazione chimica di condensazione cineticamente accellerabile con l’apporto eventuale di calore e di pressione. Subsequently, the final setting and hardening phase occurs, consisting of a chemical condensation reaction that can be kinetically accelerated with the possible addition of heat and pressure.
La temperatura per lo sviluppo della presa à ̈ compresa tra quella ambientale e 100° C, a seconda della tipologia di resina e di catalizzatore. The temperature for the development of the setting is between the ambient one and 100 ° C, depending on the type of resin and catalyst.
Per applicazione su ampia scala à ̈ previsto l’utilizzo di un impianto di muscolazione e di attrezzature per la stesa e la compattazione. For large-scale applications, the use of a musculation system and equipment for paving and compaction is envisaged.
La miscela in oggetto presenta caratteristiche volumetriche e meccaniche diverse a seconda della finalità di impiego ( per strati portanti come base o binder, per strati superficiali chiusi, aperti e drenanti), comunque comprese tra i seguenti limiti: The mixture in question has different volumetric and mechanical characteristics depending on the purpose of use (for load-bearing layers such as base or binder, for closed, open and draining surface layers), however included between the following limits:
Massa volumetrica compresa tra 1,00 kg/dm<3>e 3,00 kg/dm<3>, misurata secondo la UNI EN 12697-6/b; Volumetric mass between 1.00 kg / dm <3> and 3.00 kg / dm <3>, measured according to UNI EN 12697-6 / b;
Modulo Elastico compreso tra 3000 MPae 40000 MPa,misurato secondo al UNI EN 12697-26 Elastic modulus between 3000 MPa and 40000 MPa, measured according to UNI EN 12697-26
Resistenza a Trazione Indiretta compresa tra 1 ,00 Mpa e 10,00 Mpa, misurata secondo la UNI EN 12697-23. Indirect Tensile Strength between 1.00 Mpa and 10.00 Mpa, measured according to UNI EN 12697-23.
Ciò può essere verificato sia sui campioni compattati in laboratorio con tecnica Marshall o Giratoria sia sui campioni estratti dalla pavimentazione finita mediante carotaggi. This can be verified both on the samples compacted in the laboratory with the Marshall or Giratoria technique and on the samples extracted from the finished pavement by coring.
La miscela, così costituita e posata in opera, si presenta come un materiale rigido e ad elevata resistenza a trazione indiretta. The mixture, thus constituted and laid on site, appears as a rigid material with high indirect tensile strength.
Si à ̈ in pratica constatato che il trovato raggiunge il compito e gli scopi prefissati. In practice it has been found that the invention achieves the intended aim and objects.
Si à ̈ infatti realizzata una composizione che, grazie soprattutto alla presenza della resina, permette una adeguata risposta meccanica alla trazione oltre che ai fenomeni vibrazionali derivanti da mezzi in transito. In fact, a composition has been created which, thanks above all to the presence of the resin, allows an adequate mechanical response to traction as well as to the vibrational phenomena deriving from vehicles in transit.
Inoltre, dato l’elevato potere legante della resina, la compo sizione à ̈ caratterizzata da una elevata resistenza allo spogliamento, all’aggressione di agenti contaminanti quali carburanti ed oli, agli agenti atmosferici. Moreover, given the high binding power of the resin, the composition is characterized by a high resistance to stripping, to the aggression of contaminants such as fuels and oils, to atmospheric agents.
Inoltre, data la natura della resina legante, la composizione à ̈ anche caratterizzata da una ridotta termo-sensibilità con limitata deformabilità dovuta a variazioni di temperatura, elemento questo che la rende particolarmente idonea ad applicazioni stradali ed aeroportuali, in sostituzione degli attuali conglomerati bituminosi, che a causa del legante idrocarburico risentono in maniera evidente della combinazione di variazioni di origine termica e di carichi transienti con conseguenti fenomeni di dissesto quali fessurazioni trasversali e deformazioni permanenti, le cosiddette "ormaie". Furthermore, given the nature of the binder resin, the composition is also characterized by a reduced thermo-sensitivity with limited deformability due to temperature variations, an element that makes it particularly suitable for road and airport applications, replacing the current bituminous conglomerates, which, due to the hydrocarbon binder, are clearly affected by the combination of variations of thermal origin and transient loads with consequent instability phenomena such as transverse cracks and permanent deformations, the so-called "ruts".
Proprio in ragione delle caratteristiche precedentemente elencate, la presente composizione può essere con successo impiegata anche per la manutenzione ordinaria e straordinaria di pavimentazioni rigide in lastre di calcestruzzo. Precisely because of the characteristics listed above, this composition can also be successfully used for the ordinary and extraordinary maintenance of rigid floors in concrete slabs.
Infatti sia il modulo di rigidezza sia la deformabilità di tali miscele sono del tutto compatibili con quelle del calcestruzzo. In fact, both the stiffness modulus and the deformability of these mixtures are completely compatible with those of concrete.
L’impiego della resina termoindurente in tali strati di pavimentazioni stradali ed aeroportuali rappresenta quindi un importante aspetto di novità e di originalità dell’invenzione, in quanto, allo stato della tecnica, tale tipologia di legante non trova utilizzo nella costruzione di infrastrutture di trasporto. The use of thermosetting resin in these layers of road and airport pavements therefore represents an important aspect of novelty and originality of the invention, since, at the state of the art, this type of binder is not used in the construction of transport.
La nuova composizione con resina termoindurente in oggetto trova ampia applicazione principalmente nella realizzazione di infrastrutture stradali o aeroportuali. The new composition with thermosetting resin in question finds wide application mainly in the construction of road or airport infrastructures.
Ai fini dell’applicabilità industriale, sono da evidenziare i vantaggi economici ed ambientali derivanti dall’impiego della resina termoindurente come legante, che non richiedendo elevate temperature di lavorazione, tipiche dei conglomerati bituminosi che richiedono temperature di miscelazione e posa in opera superiori a 140°C, forniscono un forte contributo alla limitazione del consumo energetico in tutte le fasi di lavorazione e limitano i danni agli operatori provocati dalla emissione di fumi tossico-nocivi. For the purposes of industrial applicability, the economic and environmental advantages deriving from the use of thermosetting resin as a binder, which do not require high processing temperatures, typical of bituminous conglomerates that require mixing and laying temperatures higher than 140 ° C, provide a strong contribution to limiting energy consumption in all stages of processing and limit the damage to operators caused by the emission of toxic-noxious fumes.
Per quanto esposto, appare evidente che la composizione con resina termoindurente, secondo la presente invenzione, risulta di grande interesse per enti gestori stradali ed aeroportuali imprese di costruzioni progettisti, produttori di materiali per opere civili. In view of the foregoing, it appears evident that the composition with thermosetting resin, according to the present invention, is of great interest to road and airport management bodies, construction companies, designers, producers of materials for civil works.
Nel caso di utilizzazione di resine melaniniche queste ultime presentano elevate caratteristiche di non infiammabilità . If melanin resins are used, the latter have high non-flammability characteristics.
Di conseguenza, le stesse sono per la loro resistenza al fuoco particolarmente adatte alla pavimentazione di gallerie stradali, in cui il pericolo di incendi può essere causa di gravi incidenti. Consequently, due to their resistance to fire, they are particularly suitable for paving road tunnels, where the danger of fires can cause serious accidents.
Naturalmente i materiali impiegati, nonché le dimensioni, potranno essere qualsiasi, secondo le esigenze. Naturally, the materials used, as well as the dimensions, may be any according to requirements.
Claims (10)
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| IT1394986B1 (en) | 2012-08-07 |
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