ITBO20100425A1 - APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE FOR THE REALIZATION OF LIVE EDGED BOXES - Google Patents

Description

APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE FOR THE REALIZATION OF BOXES COVERED WITH SHARP EDGE.

The present invention relates to an apparatus and a process for manufacturing lined boxes with sharp edges.

The technical field of the present invention is that of industrial processing for the formation and coating of boxes having a bottom wall and a side wall having at least three sides, but more particularly four sides.

The boxes in question are made from shaped cardboard sheets, called molding blanks.

In particular, the boxes are formed starting from flat blanks consisting of a base and a plurality of faces connected to the base and foldable with respect to it to form a side wall of the box. As regards the separation between the back wall and the side wall of the box, it is obtained in a special operating station through an engraving process (obtained on the surfaces that then define the outside of the formed box) called, in the jargon of the sector, "half cut". Basically, a series of notches equal to the number of faces to be obtained for the side wall are made on the blank.

Each notch - equal to at least half the thickness of the cardboard - partially separates the back wall from what will become the face of the side wall and generates a thinner internal area that acts as a real hinge.

This sort of hinge allows the bending of the face from horizontal to vertical with respect to the back wall.

Once all the notches have been made on the blank, the various sides making up the side wall of the box are folded and joined (by hot gluing on the facing edges of contact or more commonly with the use of heat-sealing tapes). single operating station.

After this phase of forming the box, the industrial process includes a phase of coating the box by applying a sheet of coating (or covering) to it: this operation is carried out in another operating station subsequent to that of forming the box. .

The coating sheets are in turn shaped sheets of paper, which constitute coating blanks having a reduced thickness with respect to the forming blank.

The coating blank is a flat blank having a base shaped like the back wall of the box and lamellae (i.e. side portions) connected to the base and foldable to cover the side wall of the box.

As regards the conformation of the blanket, generally it has a number of blades equal to the number of sides of the base and each blade is connected to a corresponding side of the base.

The box coating phase (as mentioned already formed in a special forming station) is divided into the following phases.

First, a layer of glue is applied to the coating blank in a special gluing station.

Subsequently, in a further station, the box to be coated is placed on the previously glued (ie pre-glued) coating blank, so that the bottom wall of the box adheres to the base of the coating blank.

Subsequently, with the passage in a coating station, the slats of the blanket are folded (from a horizontal position coplanar to the base to a vertical position) to cover corresponding faces of the side wall of the box.

Subsequently, if required by the process, there may also be a phase of tucking a protruding part of the slats inside the faces of the side wall: this in order to cover the upper free edge of the box and at least a portion of the internal surface of the side wall. of the box

Now, returning to the construction of the box, the aforementioned step of etching the hinge areas between the bottom wall and the faces of the side wall determines, after the bending, an edge having an empty area in the bending angle.

This corner, if you want to be virtual, is covered by the coating blank through an adaptation of the coating paper to the present profile.

This adaptation of the paper consists in the formation of a connecting portion defining a chamfer between the lower edge of the side wall and the relative edge of the bottom wall.

Therefore, by increasing the thickness of the cardboard used for the box, the engraving depth increases and, consequently, the extension of the fillet or bevel portion presented by the coating paper is accentuated.

To better express this concept, the corner with void formed by the fold in the box S between the side wall PL and the back wall PF is visible in figure 9.

The fillet portion PR of the coating paper C on this edge is therefore a chamfer obtained from a radius of curvature RC equivalent or corresponding to the fillet portion PR.

However, in certain high-quality boxes this particular radius of the edges is undesirable, because it penalizes the aesthetic appearance of the box.

To obviate this problem, a technical solution is known which provides for the creation of the hinge areas between the back wall and the faces of the side wall are made through milling operations on the internal surfaces of the cardboard blank to obtain the hinge area. on the outside of the box, after the faces have been bent, thus creating a sharp edge.

However, this solution has a disadvantage due to the high cost of the operation (internal milling) in relation to the type of product.

It should be noted, in fact, that the internal milling operation requires a specific dedicated station that is not standard compared to the normal station that carries out the die-cutting phase: that is, with equipment dedicated to the purpose (milling tool groups in place of the traditional engraving groups or die-cutting) and cannot be used for all types of boxes.

Furthermore, the internal milling station must include complex systems for conveying powders and / or waste products, since the milling operation, being of the material removal type, produces significant quantities of waste material.

Therefore, the object of the present invention is to make available an apparatus and a process for manufacturing coated boxes with sharp edges which overcome the drawbacks of the known art mentioned above.

In particular, the object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and a method for making lined boxes with sharp edges in an automated manner and in a particularly simple, rapid and economical way.

A further object is to provide an apparatus and a process for making coated boxes with sharp edges which is particularly versatile and allows to optimize the production capacity.

Said purposes are fully achieved by the apparatus and process of the present invention, which are characterized by the contents of the claims reported below.

In particular, this purpose is achieved by using a pre-glued cardboard blank, which can be placed between the cardboard box and the pre-glued coating blank and which allows to obtain particularly finished boxes free of aesthetic defects in the external area of the coated side wall. .

Said further object is achieved through a series of stations and corresponding steps, which can be used, alternatively, both to make a lined box with sharp edges and to make two traditionally lined boxes at the same time.

In particular, the apparatus and the method according to the invention make it possible to produce lined boxes with sharp edges having a bottom wall with a plurality of sides and a side wall having the same number of flaps.

The apparatus according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises a first series of stations:

- a cardboard box forming station starting from a flat forming blank;

- a first station for gluing a flat cardboard blank having a reduced thickness with respect to the thickness of the forming blank;

- a first station for alignment between the bottom wall of the box and a corresponding surface of the cover blank;

a box covering station with the cover blank through the coupling of side portions of the cover blank on the flaps of the side wall of the box;

- a conveyor of the covered box feeds the same towards a second series of stations consisting of: - a second station for gluing a flat paper blank, having a reduced thickness compared to the thickness of the covering blank;

- a second alignment station between the bottom wall of the blanket applied to the box and a corresponding surface of the blanket;

- a station for lining the covered box with the lining blank through the coupling of side portions of the lining blank on the side wall of the box covered by the covering blank.

Therefore, this apparatus achieves a fast, precise and synchronized realization of a covered and coated box with sharp edges through a succession of stations organized in such a way as to maintain reduced dimensions even in the presence of a double covering and coating phase.

In this light, the apparatus comprises a control unit connected to the forming, gluing, aligning, covering, coating and conveyor stations, and programmed to coordinate the passage operations of the box and of the covering and coating blanks. between the same stations according to pre-established sequences.

The management given by the control unit allows to maximize the exploitation of the various stations of the equipment according to the production needs required.

Another aspect of the invention is given by the presence of a deviating member arranged between the covering station and the conveyor to convey, when activated, the box coming out of the covering station towards a storage warehouse.

This diverter device allows to separate, when required, a first set of stations of the apparatus (stations which can in any case create covered or coated boxes) from the remaining stations connected to the conveyor: this allows to use a first part of the line also for boxes of traditional type.

In this light, the invention comprises a second station for forming a box, arranged along the conveyor, to feed the box to the second alignment station, when the diverter member is activated, thus defining a second independent production line. of a coated box with the second gluing station and the coating station. Furthermore, the second forming station internally defines a passage for the boxes moved by the conveyor, to let them pass towards the second alignment station without interfering with them, when the deviating member is deactivated.

Thanks to the presence of the diverter element and the second forming station, it is possible to manage both a production of covered and coated sharp-edged boxes, and two independent production lines of coated boxes according to the production requirements of the moment.

Still according to the invention, a process is made available for obtaining the covered and coated box through the use of a cover blank made of paper or cardboard interposed between the box and the coating blank. This covering blank is thicker than the thickness of the covering blank, which, in fact, covers (thanks also to the lateral and internal tucks) both the box and the covering blank. This three-element combination has a double effect: the box has sharp edges and is aesthetically very good, and the presence of a cover blank between the box and the covering blank allows to hide the joining elements of the side walls. of the box, such as heat-sealing tapes.

The technical characteristics of the invention, according to the aforementioned purposes, are clearly verifiable from the content of the claims reported below, and the advantages thereof will become more evident in the detailed description that follows, made with reference to the attached drawings, which represent a purely embodiment exemplary and not limiting, in which:

Figure 1 illustrates an embodiment diagram of the coated box with sharp edges obtained with the apparatus and the method, according to the present invention, in a schematic perspective view; Figure 2 illustrates the apparatus for making a coated box with sharp edges in a schematic top plan view;

Figure 3 illustrates a variant embodiment of the apparatus of Figure 2 in a schematic top plan view;

Figure 4 illustrates the elements forming the coated box with sharp edges in a planar configuration before their manipulation in the apparatus in question, in an exploded perspective view;

- Figures 5 to 7 illustrate the box in three different construction stages obtained by the apparatus and process in question, the three figures are all in side views with some parts removed to better highlight others;

figure 8 illustrates the box of figure 7 with the three components of the box in an exploded side view;

Figure 9 illustrates a detail of a corner area of a box coated according to known techniques and in a side view on an enlarged scale with some parts removed.

In accordance with the accompanying drawings, and with particular reference to Figures 1 to 3, the apparatus and the process in question are aimed at making a box 1 lined with sharp edges, having at least three sides, but more particularly four sides (obviously , for descriptive simplicity and by way of example but not limiting, reference will be made, from now on, to this type of quadrangular box without thereby limiting the inventive scope of the invention).

With the expression "sharp edges" is meant an edge formed by two ends of adjacent faces having a particularly small radius of curvature, in particular less than about 0.5 irai.

More specifically, the cardboard box 1 consists of a bottom wall 2 with a plurality of sides (in this case four) and a side wall 3 with as many flaps (see Figures 5 to 7).

Observing Figure 1, the apparatus 100 for making this box 1 comprises a series of stations configured to form the box 1 starting from a flat cardboard forming blank 5 to which a flat covering blank 7 is aligned and applied. cardboard with a reduced thickness compared to the thickness of the forming blank 5.

The presence of the cover blank 7 with reduced thickness (as visible in Figures 5 to 8) allows to obtain the sharp edges in the hinge areas between the bottom wall 2 and the side wall 3.

On the box 1 covered in this way, a flat covering blank 11 is further aligned and applied, made of paper and having a reduced thickness compared to the covering blank 7. The covering blank 11 is coupled onto the covering blank 7 already applied on the box 1 .

According to the invention, the apparatus 100 comprises (see again Figures 1 to 3):

- a forming station 4 configured to receive the flat cardboard forming blank 5 and fold it to form the box 1;

- a first gluing station 6 configured to receive the flat cover blank 7 and distribute a layer of glue on a surface of the cover blank 7 intended to be applied to the bottom wall 2 and side wall 3 of the box 1;

- a first alignment station 8, configured to position the box 1 on the cover blank 7 by resting the bottom wall 2 of the box 1 on a corresponding portion of the glued surface of the cover blank 7;

a covering station 9, configured to couple the cover blank 7 to the box 1 by folding portions of the covering blank 7 into a position of contact with an external surface of corresponding flaps of the side wall 3;

- a second gluing station 10, configured to receive the flat coating blank 11, and distribute a layer of glue on a surface of the coating blank 11;

- a second alignment station 12, configured to position a bottom wall 7a of the blanket 7 applied to the box 1 on a corresponding portion of the blanket 11;

a conveyor 13 arranged between the covering station 9 and the second alignment station 12 to feed the covered box 1 to the second alignment station 12;

a coating station 14 configured to couple the coating blank 11 to the covering blank 7 applied to the box 1, by folding portions of the coating blank 11 into a position of contact with an external surface of the covering blank 7 previously applied to the box 1.

Preferably, the apparatus 100 comprises a control unit 15 connected to the forming station 4, to the first and second gluing stations 6 and 10, to the first and second alignment stations 8 and 12, to the covering station 9, to the coating 14 and to the conveyor 13, and programmed to coordinate the operations of passage of the box 1 and of the blanks for covering 7 and coating 11 between the same stations according to predetermined sequences.

Basically, the control unit 15 (illustrated with a block in Figures 2 and 3) oversees the necessary displacements of the box 1 and of the two cover and lining blanks 7 and 11 to optimize the exploitation of the stations of the apparatus 100.

According to another aspect of the invention, the apparatus 100 comprises a diverter member 16 arranged between the covering station 9 and the conveyor 13 to convey, when activated, the box 1 coming out of the covering station 9 towards a storage warehouse 17 ( shown here in a broken line, as it is of a known type and not part of the invention).

Preferably, this diverter member 16 (see Figure 3) comprises a bulkhead constrained to an outlet plane of the covering station 9.

Preferably, the bulkhead 16 is motorized and rotates around its hinge point and constraint to the exit plane between an active position and an inactive position (see arrows F16).

Preferably, the bulkhead 9 is also connected to the aforementioned control unit 15.

According to another aspect of the invention (see Figure 3), the apparatus 100 comprises a second forming station 18 of a box 1 structurally similar to the forming station 4.

This second forming station 18 is arranged along the conveyor 13 to feed the box 1 to the second alignment station 12, when the diverter member 16 is activated, thus defining a second independent line for making a coated box 1 together to the second gluing station 10 and to the coating station 14.

Preferably, the second forming station 18 internally defines a passage for the boxes 1 moved by the conveyor 13, to allow them to pass towards the second alignment station 12 without interfering with the boxes themselves, when the deflector member 16 is deactivated.

Going more into the technical detail, the forming station 4 preferably comprises a first magazine 50 for forming blanks 5, arranged in proximity to station 4, and comprising members for picking up the blanks 5 and releasing them into the forming station 4.

Preferably, the forming blank 5 is formed by a folding and heat-sealing unit 4b of the flaps so as to define the bottom wall 2 and the side wall 3 of the box 1 (unit schematized here, as it is of a known type).

Preferably, the folding unit 4b comprises a form 4d which can move vertically and is operationally inserted in the box 1 to move it vertically during the forming steps.

Also the forming station 4 preferably comprises a belt or belt system 4a for feeding the formed box 1 and feeding it towards the first alignment station 8.

In this opening, the belt 4a comprises a relative motorization for moving the box 1.

Preferably, the motorization of the transport system 4a is connected to the control unit 15.

Preferably, the structure of the forming station 4 just described is also present in the second forming station 18 which, in fact, comprises a fourth magazine 53 for forming blanks 5 comprising members for picking up the blanks 5 and releasing them in the second station forming 18.

In the second forming station 18, a folding and heat sealing unit 18b is deactivated and moved in case of passage of the boxes 1 coming from the covering station 9, when the diverter 16 is deactivated.

As regards the first station and the second gluing station 6 and 10, they comprise a work surface 6a and 10a of the cover blanks 7 and, respectively, of the coating 11 and a glue distribution member 6b and 10b arranged along the line of advancement of blanks 7 and 11.

Preferably, the first gluing station 6 is fed by a second magazine 51 of cover blanks 7, located near the first station 6, and comprising members for picking up the covering blanks 7 and releasing them in the first gluing station 6 .

Similarly, the second gluing station 10 is fed by a third magazine 52 of coating blanks 11, arranged in proximity to the second station 10, and comprising members for picking up the coating blanks 11 and releasing them in the second gluing station 6 .

Returning to the glue distribution members 6b and 10b, these are composed of a roller provided with glue on its external surface to distribute the glue uniformly on one of the faces of the blanks 7 and 11 floors.

The two alignment stations 8 and 12 comprise an alignment plane 8a, 12a on which the relative blank 7 or covering 11 is fed.

Preferably, each plane 8a and 12a comprises elements for chromatic detection of the position of the blank 7 or 11 in cooperation with a camera or photocell system (not shown here, as they are of a known type).

This detection system is connected to the conveyor system 4a to obtain the correct support of the back wall 2 of the box 1 on the corresponding base surface 7a of the cover blank 7. Similarly, the detection system of the second alignment station 12 is connected to the conveyor 13 to obtain the correct support of the covered box 1 on the surface of the blank 11.

Both the alignment stations 8 and 12 comprise a relative shape 8d and 12d for vertically moving the box 1 and, respectively, the box 1 already covered above the plane 8a and 12a during the alignment.

In a first embodiment hypothesis, the conveyor 13, connected to the control unit 15, can be used as a transport system of the second forming station 18 (when active) to move the box 1 formed therein to the second alignment station 12.

In a second hypostesis, again in the case of structuring the apparatus 100 with the second forming station 18, the conveyor 13, connected to the control unit 15, can terminate in proximity to the same second forming station 18 and arranged in contact with a transport 18a similar to that 4a present on the first forming station 4.

In this opening, and with the second forming station 4 not active, the conveyor 13 moves the box 1 until the transport 18a which, in turn, feeds it to the second alignment station 12.

The aforementioned covering 9 and coating 14 stations comprise at least a series of abutments 9a and 14a arranged in height for folding the outer portions of the blanket 7 onto the flaps of the side wall 3 of the box 1 and, respectively, of the side portions of the blank covering 11 on the side portions of the blanket 7 previously coupled to the side wall 3 of the box.

Preferably the abutments 9a and 14a, of the adjustable type, are active in the same number as the flaps constituting the side wall 3 of the box 1.

In this light, the apparatus 100 comprises a first conveyor system 21 or belt (see also Figures 3 and 4) for the connection between the first gluing station 6 and the first alignment station 8.

This first belt 21, passing below the coupling area 8a between the box 1 and the covering blank 7, continues to the covering station 9 to feed the box 1 and the covering blank 7 coupled to the same station.

Preferably, this first belt 21 is closed in a loop on a pair of pulleys of which at least one is motorized (not shown here).

Preferably, the motorization of this first belt 21 is connected to the control unit 15.

According to another aspect of the invention (see also Figures 3 and 4), the apparatus 100 comprises a second belt 22 for connection between the second gluing station 10 and the second alignment station 12. Preferably, this second belt 22, passing below the coupling area 12a, it continues to the coating station 14 to feed the covered box 1 and the blanket 11 to the same station.

Preferably, this second belt 22 is closed in a loop on a pair of pulleys of which at least one is motorized (not shown here).

Preferably, the motorization of this second belt 22 is connected to the control unit 15.

In this opening, the feeding of the box 1 and the blank 7 cover takes place according to two independent directions and substantially orthogonal to each other.

Similarly, the feeding of the covered box 1 moved by the conveyor 13 and the blanket blank 11 takes place in two independent and substantially orthogonal directions.

According to another aspect of the invention, the apparatus 100 comprises a first conveyor 19 connected to an outlet of the coating station 14, to move the boxes 1 outgoing from the same coating station 14 and towards a collection warehouse 19a.

Preferably, this first conveyor 19 is a motorized plane, the motorization of which is connected to the control unit 15.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the apparatus 100 comprises a second conveyor 20 connected to an outlet of the covering station 9, to move the boxes 1 outgoing from the covering station 9.

This second conveyor 20 is activated when the diverter member 16 is active.

Preferably, this second conveyor 20 is a motorized plane, the motorization of which is connected to the control unit 15.

Thanks to the transport systems described above, the box 1 is positioned inside the covering station 9 and in proximity to the strikers 9a.

By means of a vertical lowering movement of a form 23a present in the cover station 9, the pre-glued side portions of the cover blank 7 are folded onto the flaps of the side wall 3 of the box 1.

Subsequently, the box 1 is released on the conveyor 13 for its movement towards the second alignment station 12 (with the diverter 16 deactivated).

As regards the coating station 14, the covered box 1 fed by the second conveyor belt 22 is positioned inside the same station 14 and in proximity to the abutments 14a.

Also in this case, by means of a vertical lowering movement of a form 24a present in the coating station 14, the pre-glued side portions of the blanket 11 are folded onto the side wall 3 covered by the blanket 7 of the box 1.

In the latter case, the coating station 14 also comprises a refilling station (not shown here) for folding portions of the coating blank 11 inside the side wall 3. When the deflector member 16 and the second station of forming 18 are activated, the operations carried out in these two covering and coating stations 9 and 14 are of the same type (simple coating and possible internal tucking with a blank of paper coating), thus defining two independent production lines.

The present invention also provides a process for making the box 1 lined with sharp edges.

This procedure includes the steps of:

- folding of a flat forming blank 5 of cardboard to make a box 1 without a cover in a forming station 4;

- distribution of a layer of glue on a surface of a flat covering blank 7, made of cardboard and having a reduced thickness with respect to the forming blank 5, intended to be applied to the bottom wall 2 and side wall 3 of the box 1;

- resting the bottom wall 2 of the box 1 on a corresponding portion of the glued surface of the cover blank 7, so as to position the box 1 on the cover blank 7;

- folding of portions of the cover blank 7 into a position of contact with an external surface of corresponding flaps of the side wall 3 of the box 1;

- distribution of a layer of glue on a surface of a flat covering blank 11, made of paper and having a reduced thickness with respect to the covering blank 7;

movement of the covered box 1 towards a second alignment station 12;

- support of the bottom wall of the covering blank 7 applied to the box 1 on a corresponding portion of the glued surface of the covering blank 11, so as to position the covered box 1 on the covering blank 11;

- folding portions of the covering blank 11 into a position in contact with an external surface of the covering blank 7 previously applied to the box 1, so as to couple the covering blank 11 to the covering blank 7 applied to the box 1.

The step of folding the covering blank 11 comprises a folding of flaps 11a and 11b of the same covering blank 11 projecting laterally and above, to achieve a lateral and internal tucking, respectively (as visible in Figure 7).

In this opening, preferably, the cover blank 7 is devoid of tuck-in edges protruding laterally and from the top.

According to another aspect of the invention, the process comprises a step of conveying the box 1 leaving the covering station 9 towards a storage warehouse 17.

In this light, the method comprises a step of folding a flat cardboard blank 5 to form a box 1 in a second forming station 18 and to be fed to the second alignment station 12, when the conveying step is active. of box 1 exiting the cover station 9.

When the conveying phase is deactivated, there is a movement phase of the box 1 leaving the covering station 9 through the second forming station 18.

The apparatus and the related manufacturing process of the coated box allows to obtain a double effect.

On the one hand, the creation of a box with three distinct blanks generating a box that is structurally and aesthetically superior to the known standard boxes (thanks to the intermediate cardboard blank with reduced thickness that allows the definition of a sharp edge): all in an automated, fast way it is checked.

On the other hand, the apparatus can be easily structured to provide two independent lines for the production of traditional boxes with two blanks, in the case of requests for higher production of these latter boxes.

The invention thus conceived is susceptible of evident industrial application; it can also be subject to numerous modifications and variations, all of which are within the scope of the inventive concept; all the details can also be replaced by technically equivalent elements

Claims (14)

CLAIMS 1. Apparatus for making a cardboard box (1) lined with sharp edges, having a bottom wall (2) with a plurality of sides and a side wall (3) having the same number of flaps, characterized in that it comprises: - a forming station (4) configured to receive a flat cardboard forming blank (5) and fold it to form the box (1); - a first gluing station (6) configured to receive a flat covering blank (7), made of cardboard and having a reduced thickness compared to the forming blank (5), and to distribute a layer of glue on a surface of the blank cover (7) intended to be applied to said bottom wall (2) and side wall (3) of the box (1); - a first alignment station (8), configured to position the box (1) on the cover blank (7) by supporting the back wall (2) of the box (1) on a corresponding portion of said glued surface of the cover blank (7); a covering station (9), configured to couple the cover blank (7) to the box (1) by folding portions of the covering blank (7) into a position of contact with an external surface of corresponding sides of the side wall ( 3); - a second gluing station (10), configured to receive a flat covering blank (11), made of paper and having a reduced thickness compared to the covering blank (7), and to distribute a layer of glue on a surface of the blank lining (11); - a second alignment station (12), configured to position a bottom wall (7a) of the blanket (7) applied to the box (1) on a corresponding portion of the blanket (11); - a conveyor (13) arranged between the covering station (9) and the second alignment station (12) to feed the covered box (1) to the second alignment station (12); - a coating station (14) configured to couple the coating blank (11) to the covering blank (7) applied to the box (1), by folding portions of the coating blank (11) into a position of contact with a external surface of the blank (7) previously applied to the box (1). 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, comprising a control unit (15) connected to said forming station (4), first (6) and second (10) gluing station, first (8) and second (12) gluing station alignment, covering station (9), coating station (14) and conveyor (13), and programmed to coordinate the operations of passage of the box (I) and of the blanks of cover (7) and coating (II) between the same stations according to pre-established sequences. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a diverter member (16) arranged between the covering station (9) and said conveyor (13) to convey, when activated, the box (1) leaving the covering station ( 9) to a storage warehouse (17). 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, comprising a second station (18) for forming a box (1), arranged along said conveyor (13), to feed the box (1) to the second alignment station (12), when the The diverter member (16) is activated, thus defining a second independent line for making a coated box (1) with said second gluing station (10) and said coating station (14). 5. Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said second forming station (18) internally defines a passage for the boxes (1) moved by the conveyor (13), to let them pass towards the second alignment station (12) without interfering with them, when the diverter member (16) is deactivated. 6. Apparatus according to claim 4 or claim 5, wherein comprising: - a first conveyor (19) connected to an outlet of the coating station (14), to move the boxes (1) outgoing from the coating station (14) outward; - a second conveyor (20) connected to an outlet of the covering station (9), to move the boxes (1) outgoing from the covering station (9), said second conveyor being activated when the diverter member (16 ) Is activated. 7. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising: - a first belt (21) configured to connect the first gluing station (6) and the first alignment station (8) and, subsequently, to move the box (1) coupled to the blanket cover (7) from the first station of alignment (8) to the cover station (9); - a second belt (22) configured to connect the second gluing station (10) and the second alignment station (12) and, subsequently, to move the covered box (1) coupled to the coating blank (7) from the second station alignment (12) to the coating station (14). 8. Process for making a cardboard box (1) lined with sharp edges, having a bottom wall (2) with a plurality of sides and a side wall (3) having the same number of flaps, characterized in that it includes the following phases: - folding of a flat cardboard blank (5) to form a box (1) without a cover; - distribution of a layer of glue on a surface of a flat covering blank (7), made of cardboard and having a reduced thickness compared to the forming blank (5), said surface intended to be applied to said bottom wall (2 ) and side wall (3) of the box (1); - resting the bottom wall (2) of the box (1) on a corresponding portion of said glued surface of the cover blank (7), so as to join the box (1) to the cover blank (7); - folding portions of the blank (7) into a position of contact with an external surface of corresponding flaps of the side wall (3) of the box (1); - distribution of a layer of glue on a surface of a flat covering blank (11), made of paper and having a reduced thickness with respect to the covering blank (7); - support of the bottom wall of the covering blank (7) joined to the box (1) on a corresponding portion of the covering blank (11), so as to join the covered box (1) to the covering blank (11); - folding of portions of the covering blank (11) into a position of contact with an external surface of the covering blank (7) previously applied to the box (1), so as to couple with the covering blank (7) applied to the box ( 1) the coating blank (11). 9. Process according to claim 8, wherein: - the step of folding the flat cardboard blank (5) is carried out in a forming station (4); - the distribution phase of the glue layer on the flat cover blank (7) is carried out in a first gluing station (6); - the resting step of the bottom wall (2) of the box (1) on the corresponding portion of the blanket cover (7) is carried out in a first alignment station (8); - the phase of folding portions of the blanket cover (7) is carried out in a cover station (9); - the distribution of the glue layer on the flat covering blank (11) is carried out in a second gluing station (10); the step of supporting the bottom wall of the blanket (7) applied to the box (1) on the blanket (11) is carried out in a second alignment station (12); - the step of folding the portions of the covering blank (11) onto the covering blank (7) is carried out in a coating station (14); and in which between the covering phase and the supporting phase of the coating blank (11) there is a phase of moving the covered box (1) towards the second alignment station (12) by means of a conveyor (13). 10. Process according to claim 9, comprising a step of conveying the box (1) leaving the covering station (9) towards a storage warehouse (17). 11. Process according to claim 10, comprising a step of folding a further forming blank (5) plane of cardboard to make a further box (1) without cover in a second forming station (18) and a step of feeding of said further box to the second alignment station (12), when the said phase of conveying the box (1) leaving the covering station (9) is active. 12. Process according to claim 10 or 11, comprising a step of moving the box (1) leaving the covering station (9) through said second forming station (18) when said conveying step is deactivated; said second forming station (18) being deactivated, so as not to interfere with the passage of the box (1). 13. Process according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein said coating step comprises a folding of edges of the coating blank (11) projecting laterally and above, to achieve a lateral and internal tucking, respectively. 14. Process according to any one of claims 8 to 13, in which said blanket cover (7) has no roll-up edges projecting laterally and above.