IT8921096A0 - Accumulatore elettrico ad elevata densita' di potenza per carichi di punta. - Google Patents
Accumulatore elettrico ad elevata densita' di potenza per carichi di punta.Info
- Publication number
- IT8921096A0 IT8921096A0 IT8921096A IT2109689A IT8921096A0 IT 8921096 A0 IT8921096 A0 IT 8921096A0 IT 8921096 A IT8921096 A IT 8921096A IT 2109689 A IT2109689 A IT 2109689A IT 8921096 A0 IT8921096 A0 IT 8921096A0
- Authority
- IT
- Italy
- Prior art keywords
- high power
- power density
- peak loads
- electric accumulator
- accumulator
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
- H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
- H01M8/186—Regeneration by electrochemical means by electrolytic decomposition of the electrolytic solution or the formed water product
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
- B60L58/33—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/40—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/36—Vehicles designed to transport cargo, e.g. trucks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/40—Working vehicles
- B60L2200/42—Fork lift trucks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/60—Electric or hybrid propulsion means for production processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT8921096A IT1230984B (it) | 1989-07-05 | 1989-07-05 | Accumulatore elettrico ad elevata densita' di potenza per carichi di punta. |
ES90112768T ES2095225T3 (es) | 1989-07-05 | 1990-07-04 | Celula energetica regenerativa de alta densidad de energia para situaciones de potencia pico. |
DE69029486T DE69029486T2 (de) | 1989-07-05 | 1990-07-04 | Regenerierbare Brennstoffzelle hoher Energiedichte für Spitzenleistung |
AT90112768T ATE146905T1 (de) | 1989-07-05 | 1990-07-04 | Regenerierbare brennstoffzelle hoher energiedichte für spitzenleistung |
CA002020402A CA2020402C (en) | 1989-07-05 | 1990-07-04 | High power density battery for peak power |
EP90112768A EP0406831B1 (en) | 1989-07-05 | 1990-07-04 | High power density regenerative fuelcell for peak power |
JP17847990A JP3272351B2 (ja) | 1989-07-05 | 1990-07-05 | ピーク電力用の高電力密度バッテリー |
US07/548,022 US5162165A (en) | 1989-07-05 | 1990-07-05 | High power density battery for peak power |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT8921096A IT1230984B (it) | 1989-07-05 | 1989-07-05 | Accumulatore elettrico ad elevata densita' di potenza per carichi di punta. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
IT8921096A0 true IT8921096A0 (it) | 1989-07-05 |
IT1230984B IT1230984B (it) | 1991-11-08 |
Family
ID=11176682
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
IT8921096A IT1230984B (it) | 1989-07-05 | 1989-07-05 | Accumulatore elettrico ad elevata densita' di potenza per carichi di punta. |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5162165A (it) |
EP (1) | EP0406831B1 (it) |
JP (1) | JP3272351B2 (it) |
AT (1) | ATE146905T1 (it) |
CA (1) | CA2020402C (it) |
DE (1) | DE69029486T2 (it) |
ES (1) | ES2095225T3 (it) |
IT (1) | IT1230984B (it) |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT1270878B (it) * | 1993-04-30 | 1997-05-13 | Permelec Spa Nora | Migliorata cella elettrochimica utilizzante membrane a scambio ionico e piatti bipolari metallici |
EP0718904A1 (de) * | 1994-12-22 | 1996-06-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Brennstoffzellensystem |
DE19639068A1 (de) * | 1996-09-15 | 1998-03-19 | Matthias Dr Bronold | Demonstrationsanlage zur Wasserstoff-Energieerzeugung |
DE29823321U1 (de) | 1998-04-07 | 1999-08-26 | Novars Gesellschaft für neue Technologien mbH, 82343 Pöcking | Kombination aus Elektrolyse- und Brennstoffzelle |
DE19930875B4 (de) * | 1999-07-05 | 2004-03-25 | Siemens Ag | Hochtemperatur-Polymer-Elektrolyt-Membran (HTM)-Brennstoffzellenanlage |
JP2003515237A (ja) | 1999-11-18 | 2003-04-22 | プロトン エネルギー システムズ,インク. | 高差圧電気化学電池 |
DE10148113A1 (de) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-30 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Fahrzeug mit einem Energiespeicher und Verfahren zum Betreiben des Fahrzeugs |
DE10236958B4 (de) * | 2002-08-13 | 2006-12-07 | Vb Autobatterie Gmbh & Co. Kgaa | Verfahren zur Ermittlung der entnehmbaren Ladungsmenge einer Speicherbatterie und Überwachungseinrichtung für eine Speicherbatterie |
EP1391961B1 (en) * | 2002-08-19 | 2006-03-29 | Luxon Energy Devices Corporation | Battery with built-in load leveling |
JP3946623B2 (ja) * | 2002-11-29 | 2007-07-18 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池車両の制御装置 |
US8027759B2 (en) | 2002-11-29 | 2011-09-27 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell vehicle system |
US7722973B2 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2010-05-25 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Fuel cell |
DE102010001966A1 (de) * | 2010-02-16 | 2011-08-18 | Robert Bosch GmbH, 70469 | Hybridsystem sowie Verfahren zur Luftversorgung eines Hybridsystems |
EP3249731A1 (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2017-11-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Subsea uninterruptible power supply |
CN112092681B (zh) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-03-02 | 北京理工大学深圳汽车研究院(电动车辆国家工程实验室深圳研究院) | 一种用于氢燃料电池动力系统的能量输入输出监控装置 |
DE102021100185A1 (de) | 2021-01-08 | 2022-07-14 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems mit Befeuchtungsspeicher, Brennstoffzellensystem und Kraftfahrzeug mit einem solchen Brennstoffzellensystem |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3134697A (en) * | 1959-11-03 | 1964-05-26 | Gen Electric | Fuel cell |
US3418168A (en) * | 1964-12-07 | 1968-12-24 | Grace W R & Co | Fuel cell with water removing means at cathode |
US3382105A (en) * | 1964-12-29 | 1968-05-07 | Nasa Usa | Ion-exchange membrane with platinum electrode assembly |
US3546020A (en) * | 1966-05-09 | 1970-12-08 | Mc Donnell Douglas Corp | Regenerable fuel cell |
US3901774A (en) * | 1973-04-10 | 1975-08-26 | Tokuyama Soda Kk | Method of electrolyzing alkali metal halide solution and apparatus therefor |
FR2410059A1 (fr) * | 1977-11-29 | 1979-06-22 | Electricite De France | Perfectionnements aux installations de production de gaz par electrolyse |
US4657829A (en) * | 1982-12-27 | 1987-04-14 | United Technologies Corporation | Fuel cell power supply with oxidant and fuel gas switching |
US4826741A (en) * | 1987-06-02 | 1989-05-02 | Ergenics Power Systems, Inc. | Ion exchange fuel cell assembly with improved water and thermal management |
DE3738370C1 (de) * | 1987-11-12 | 1989-04-13 | Dornier System Gmbh | Elektrochemische Zelle mit immobilem Elektrolyten |
-
1989
- 1989-07-05 IT IT8921096A patent/IT1230984B/it active
-
1990
- 1990-07-04 CA CA002020402A patent/CA2020402C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-04 EP EP90112768A patent/EP0406831B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-04 ES ES90112768T patent/ES2095225T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-04 DE DE69029486T patent/DE69029486T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-04 AT AT90112768T patent/ATE146905T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-05 US US07/548,022 patent/US5162165A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-05 JP JP17847990A patent/JP3272351B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2095225T3 (es) | 1997-02-16 |
DE69029486T2 (de) | 1997-08-07 |
JPH03149762A (ja) | 1991-06-26 |
JP3272351B2 (ja) | 2002-04-08 |
CA2020402A1 (en) | 1991-01-06 |
IT1230984B (it) | 1991-11-08 |
US5162165A (en) | 1992-11-10 |
EP0406831B1 (en) | 1996-12-27 |
CA2020402C (en) | 2001-12-25 |
EP0406831A1 (en) | 1991-01-09 |
ATE146905T1 (de) | 1997-01-15 |
DE69029486D1 (de) | 1997-02-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
IT8921096A0 (it) | Accumulatore elettrico ad elevata densita' di potenza per carichi di punta. | |
IT8019597A0 (it) | Controllo di potenza per cucine impieganti piu' elementi ad alta corrente di punta. | |
DE59108003D1 (de) | Hochenergiebatterie | |
FI900989A0 (fi) | Suuren hyötysuhteen lineaarinen UHF-tehovahvistin | |
DE69317377D1 (de) | Festelektrolytbrennstoffzellen | |
DE69211394D1 (de) | Festelektrolytbrennstoffzelle | |
DE69203070D1 (de) | Festoxidbrennstoffzellengenerator. | |
DE69111001D1 (de) | Leistungsverteilerstruktur. | |
IT1173869B (it) | Interruttore di potenza per l'uso con radiofrequenze | |
FI973262A0 (fi) | Elektrolyysikennossa käytettävä katodi | |
IT8421582A0 (it) | Accumulatore di energia oleoelastico. | |
DE69103337D1 (de) | Festkörperspannungsspeicherzelle. | |
DE69024492D1 (de) | Fusionsenergieerzeugung | |
FR2631156B1 (fr) | Accumulateur d'energie electrique de type capacitif, de grande capacite | |
ITPN930078A0 (it) | Dispositivo perfezionato per la gestione energetica di carichi elettrici | |
GB9022584D0 (en) | Electrical energy storage system | |
FR2710183B3 (fr) | Câble d'énergie à rigidité diélectrique améliorée. | |
DE68904406D1 (de) | Stromschienenanordnung fuer querliegende elektrolysezellen. | |
ES542450A0 (es) | Un generador termoelectrico con factor de potencia mejorado" | |
IT8622192A0 (it) | Macchina-turso con regolazione di potenza. | |
DK0481353T3 (da) | Højeffektstrømforsyning | |
IT1230937B (it) | Procedimento per la realizzazione di un polo o terminale di batteria elettrica di potenza rilevante. | |
ATE98816T1 (de) | Stromakkumulator. | |
IT89066301A1 (it) | Accumulatore elettrico al piombo ridotto ed efficiente. | |
DK265890D0 (da) | Elektrisk draabestroemsgenerator |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
TA | Fee payment date (situation as of event date), data collected since 19931001 |
Effective date: 19960715 |