IL45411A - Abrasive compacts - Google Patents

Abrasive compacts

Info

Publication number
IL45411A
IL45411A IL7445411A IL4541174A IL45411A IL 45411 A IL45411 A IL 45411A IL 7445411 A IL7445411 A IL 7445411A IL 4541174 A IL4541174 A IL 4541174A IL 45411 A IL45411 A IL 45411A
Authority
IL
Israel
Prior art keywords
abrasive
compact
substance
solvent
abrasive particles
Prior art date
Application number
IL7445411A
Other versions
IL45411A0 (en
Original Assignee
De Beers Ind Diamond
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from ZA00735447A external-priority patent/ZA735447B/en
Application filed by De Beers Ind Diamond filed Critical De Beers Ind Diamond
Publication of IL45411A0 publication Critical patent/IL45411A0/en
Publication of IL45411A publication Critical patent/IL45411A/en

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
    • C04B35/583—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on boron nitride
    • C04B35/5831—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on boron nitride based on cubic boron nitrides or Wurtzitic boron nitrides, including crystal structure transformation of powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
    • B24D3/06—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements
    • B24D3/08—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements for close-grained structure, e.g. using metal with low melting point

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

1456765 Bonded abrasive compacts DE BEERS INDUSTRIAL DIAMOND DIVISION Ltd 8 Aug 1974 [10 Aug 1973 19 Oct 1973 29 March 1974] 34954/74 Heading C4V An abrasive compact comprises, as abrasive particles, cubic boron nitride, diamond or mixtures of these, bonded by a matrix comprising a refractory substance and a solvent capable of dissolving the abrasive particles at least to a limited extent. The solvent substance may also be capable of reacting with the refractory substance to form a hard material. The refractory substance may be a boride, nitride or silicide and a particularly preferred material is α-silicon nitride. Also suitable are magnesium oxide, spinel and alumina either alone or mixed with the nitride, silicide or boride. Several mixtures are listed. Suitable solvent substances are low melting metals or alloys such as aluminium, lead, tin, magnesium and lithium and alloys containing one or more of these. The abrasive particles are preferably present in a mixture in an amount at least 70% by volume and a ratio of the solvent substance to the refractory substance may be from 1 : 2 to 2 : 1. The various ingredients are preferably in finely powdered form preferably of average particle size less than 40 microns. To produce the compact the mixture of the ingredients is subjected to conditions of temperature and pressure at which the abrasive particles crystallographically stable and the solvent substance acts as a solvent. Pressures will normally be in the range 40 to 65 kilobars and temperatures in the range 1200‹ to 1300‹ C. [GB1456765A]

Description

Abrasive Compacte THIS invention relates to abrasive compacts.
Abrasive compacts consist essentially of abrasive generally in finely powdered form, bonded into a conglomerate or compact by means of a suitable bonding matrix. In the past the bonding matrix has generally been a metal such as cobalt, iron, nickel , copper, manganese, tantalum and the like or alloys containing one or more of these metals. The abrasive particles will constitute 50 or more volume percent of the compact and will in general be diamond or cubic boron nitride.
The diamond for use in compacts may be either natural or synthetic. In the case of synthetic diamonds, the diamond may be made by the method and apparatus described in U.S. patent specification No. 2,947,609.
In the case of cubic boron nitride, such particles may be made by the method and apparatus described in U.S. specification No. 2,947,617.
According to the invention there is provided an abrasive compact comprising abrasive particles selected from cubic boron nitride, diamond and mixtures thereof bonded together by a matrix comprising a refractory substance and a solvent substance which is capable of dissolving the abrasive particles to at least a limited extent the abrasive particles being present in an amount of at least 70 volume percent. The matrix may also contain a hard material resulting from the interaction of the refractory substance with the solvent substance during compact manufacture.
Further according to the invention, there is provided a method of making an abrasive compact of the invention including the step of subjecting a mixture containing effective quantities of abrasive particles selected from diamond, cubic boron nitride and mixtures thereof, a powdered refractory substance and a powdered solvent substance capable of dissolving the abrasive particle to at least a limited extent to conditions of temperature and pressure at which the abrasive particle is crystal 1 ographi cal ly stable and the solvent sub stance acts to dissolve the abrasive particle to at least a limited extent. The solvent substance may also have the property of reacting with the refractory substance to form a hard material during compact manufacture. Such interaction is particularly desirable when the solvent substance is a low melting metal or alloy.
The refractory substance may be a boride, nitride or sili-cide refractory substance. A particularly suitable refractory substance is silicon nitride, particularly silicon nitride in the a-form. The refractory substance may also be magnesium oxide, spinel or alumina either alone or in combination with a nitride, silicide or boride refractory substance.
The refractory substance may also be: (a) silicon nitride powder mixed with silicon, boron and boron carbide, all in powdered form; (b) silicon nitride powder mixed with magnesium oxide powder; (c) silicon nitride powder mixed with alumina and/or magnesium oxide, both of which are in powdered form; (d) silicon nitride powder mixed with powdered spinel; (e) a substance (in crushed form) resulting from the heat treatment of silicon nitride with alumina and magnesium oxide; or (f) a substance (in powdered form) resulting from the heat treatment of silicon nitride with spinel.
The solvent substance must be such as to be capable of dissolving the abrasive particle to at least a limited extent. When a mixture of diamond and cubic boron nitride s use , a m x ure o so ven su s ances w a so e use . Such substances are well known in the art and examples thereof can be found in the above-mentioned U.S. specifi-cations which are incorporated herein by reference. In the case of cubic boron nitride, particularly preferred solvent substances are aluminium, lead, tin, magnesium and lithium and alloys containing one or more of these metals. As is stated above, the solvent substance may al so have the property of being able to react with the refractory substance to form a hard material under the conditions of compact manufacture.
The actual amount of each ingredient of the mixture will vary according to the ingredients and the skilled man can select quantities to suit the need. The abrasive particles will preferably be present in the mixture in an amount of from 80 to 90 volume percent. The ratio of the solvent substance to refractory substance will in general be in the range of 1:2 to 2:1 on a weight basis.
The various ingredients for the mixture are preferably in finely powdered form. Preferably, the average particle size of the ingredients is less than 40 microns and more preferably below 12 microns. The finer the powder the more compact and tough the final product.
In order to produce the compact, the mixture is subjected to conditions of temperature and pressure at which the abrasive particle is crystal lographical ly stable and the solvent substance acts as a solvent. Such conditions are well known in the art. The attached drawing illustrates the diamond and cubic boron nitride stable regions on a pressure/ temperature graph. The diamond stable region is ' represented above the line A, whereas the cubic boron nitride stable region is represented above the line B.
The solvent substance will, in general, act as a solvent when it is molten. The pressures used will usually be in the range 40 to 65 kilobars and the temperatures used will usually be in the range 1200°C to 1600°C.
The invention finds particular application in compacts which contain cubic boron nitride as abrasive particle.
The solvent substances for cubic boron nitride, e.g. aluminium, are generally low melting with a result that smearing of the metal on the workpiece can occur during use of the compact. Reacting the solvent substance with the refractory to form a hard material substantially reduces the tendency for this smearing during use to occur.
The starting mixtures for the compact manufacture may, if desired, contain small quantities of graphite or hexagonal boron nitride.
In an example of the invention, a powdered mixture of 8 micron powdered silicon nitride (a- form), commercially available aluminium powder and 2 - 6 micron cubic boron nitride powder was cold compacted and placed in a tantalum casing. The mixture consisted of 80.5 volume percent cubic boron nitride, the balance of the mixture being made up of 68 weight percent silicon nitride and 32 weight percent aluminium. The casing was placed in the reaction zone of a conventional high temperature/pressure apparatus of the type described in U.S. patent specification No. 2,947,609. The pressure of the reaction zone was raised to 55 kilobars and the temperature was raised to 1300°C. Compact formation resulted and after release of the temperature and pressure the compact was recovered in the conventional manner. - 5 - / The abrasive properties of the recovered compact were compared with a commercially available P 10 tungsten carbide compact and with a compact consisting of about 90 volume percent cubic boron nitride in a 10 volume percent cobalt/aluminium matrix made according to techniques of the prior art. The compacts were incorporated in single point tools and their abrasive properties tested in the turning of mild steel. It was found that the compact of the invention showed 100 times less wear than the tungsten carbide compact and 4 times less wear than the cubic boron nitride/cobalt-aluminium compact.
Moreover, no smearing of the aluminium on the workpiece was observed with the compact of the invention which is attributable to the fact that the silicon nitride reacted with the aluminium to form a hard material. It is believed that the strength of the compact of the invention is also attributable, at least in part, to the fact that there was a certain amount of intergrowth between the cubic boron nitride particles.
The compact of the invention may be suitably secured to a shank. The securing may be achieved by brazing or hot pressing the compact on to the shank using high temperature and pressure conditions and a suitable metal such as cobalt as a brazing medium. The shank may, for example, be made of steel or tungsten carbide. In the case of hot pressing diamond compacts to a shank, it has been found that good results are achieved by hot pressing under conditions which are above line A using cobalt as a bonding medium.

Claims (16)

1. An abrasive compact comprising abrasive particles selected from cubic boron nitride, diamond and mixtures thereof bonded together by a matrix comprising a refractory ^* substance and a solvent substance which is capable of dissolving the abrasive particles to at least a limited extent, the abrasive particles being present in the compact in an amount of at least 70 volume percent of the compact.
2. An abrasive compact according to Claim 1 wherein the abrasive particles are present in the compact in an amount of from 80 to 90 volume percent of the compact.
3. An abrasive compact according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the matrix includes a hard material resulting from the interaction of the refractory substance with the solvent substnjace during compact manufacture.
4. An abras ve compact accordi ng to any of the preceding ; claims wherein the refractory substance is selected from a boride, nitride and silicide refractory substance.
5. An abrasive compact according to any of the preceding claims wherein the solvent substance is a metal or alloy.
6. An abrasive compact according to any of the preceding claims wherein the ratio of solvent substance to refractory substance is in the range of from 1 :2 to 2:1 on a weight basis.
7. An abrasive compact according to any preceding claim, wherein the abrasive particles are cubic boron nitride particles
8. An abrasive compact according to Claim 7, wherein the * refractory substance is silicon nitride. 45411 -2
9. An abrasive compact according to Claim 8, wherein ^ the silicon nitride is in the -form.
10. An abrasive compact according to any one of Claims 7 to 9 wherein the solvent substance is aluminium.
11. A method of making an abrasive compact according to any one of Claims 1 to 10, including the step of subjecting a mixture containing abrasive particles selected from diamond, cubic boron nitride and mixtures thereof, a powdered ref ractoryi* substance and a powdered solvent substance capable of dissolving the abrasive particles to at least a limited extent to conditions of temperature and pressure at which the abrasive ' particle is crystal lographi cal ly stable and the solvent substance acts to dissolve the abrasive particle to at least a limited extent, the abrasive particles being present in the compact in an amount of at least 70 volume percent of the compact.
12. A method according to Claim 11 wherein the components of the mixture are all in finely powdered form.
13. A method according to Claim 12 wherein the average size of the particles of the powders is less than 40 microns.
14. A method according to Claim 11 substantially as herein,, descr i bed .
15. An abrasive compact produced by a method of any of Claims 11 to 14.
16. An abrasive compact according to Claim 1 substantially as herein described. Attorneys for Applicant
IL7445411A 1973-08-10 1974-08-06 Abrasive compacts IL45411A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA00735447A ZA735447B (en) 1973-08-10 1973-08-10 Compacts
ZA738114 1973-10-19
ZA742027 1974-03-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
IL45411A0 IL45411A0 (en) 1974-11-29
IL45411A true IL45411A (en) 1977-05-31

Family

ID=27420861

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
IL7445411A IL45411A (en) 1973-08-10 1974-08-06 Abrasive compacts

Country Status (15)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS546759B2 (en)
AU (1) AU476900B2 (en)
BR (1) BR7406579A (en)
CA (1) CA1019961A (en)
CH (1) CH591931A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2437522C3 (en)
DK (1) DK422574A (en)
FR (1) FR2240078B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1456765A (en)
IE (1) IE39663B1 (en)
IL (1) IL45411A (en)
IN (1) IN142626B (en)
IT (1) IT1018889B (en)
NL (1) NL171464C (en)
SE (1) SE418284B (en)

Families Citing this family (50)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ZA756730B (en) * 1975-10-27 1977-06-29 De Beers Ind Diamond Diamond compacts
AU512633B2 (en) * 1976-12-21 1980-10-23 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Sintered tool
JPS6033604B2 (en) * 1977-11-22 1985-08-03 住友電気工業株式会社 Complex throw-away tip
JPS5562853A (en) * 1978-10-31 1980-05-12 Mitsubishi Metal Corp Heattresisting and abrasionnresisting superpressure sintering material with tenacity
JPS5562863A (en) * 1978-11-06 1980-05-12 Mitsubishi Metal Corp Sintering material with tenacity and abrasion resistanc
JPS5580777A (en) * 1978-12-09 1980-06-18 Mitsubishi Metal Corp Tanacious heattresisting antiabrasive super high pressure sintering material
JPS5580778A (en) * 1978-12-09 1980-06-18 Mitsubishi Metal Corp Tanacious heattresisting antiabrasive super high pressure sintering material
GB2048956B (en) * 1979-03-29 1983-02-16 Sumitomo Electric Industries Sintered compact for a machining tool
JPS5752185A (en) * 1980-05-20 1982-03-27 De Beers Ind Diamond Heat sink
JPS5748478A (en) * 1980-09-05 1982-03-19 Fuji Seito Kk Grinding stone
DE3372267D1 (en) * 1982-03-31 1987-08-06 De Beers Ind Diamond Abrasive bodies
US4650776A (en) * 1984-10-30 1987-03-17 Smith International, Inc. Cubic boron nitride compact and method of making
JPS6270268A (en) * 1986-03-19 1987-03-31 住友電気工業株式会社 Sintered body for high hardness tool
EP1924405B1 (en) 2005-08-11 2010-03-17 Element Six (Production) (Pty) Ltd. Polycrystalline diamond abrasive element and method of its production
RU2013135445A (en) 2010-12-31 2015-02-10 Сэнт-Гобэн Керамикс Энд Пластикс, Инк. ABRASIVE PRODUCT (OPTIONS) AND METHOD FOR ITS FORMING
EP2726248B1 (en) 2011-06-30 2019-06-19 Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. Liquid phase sintered silicon carbide abrasive particles
CN108262695A (en) 2011-06-30 2018-07-10 圣戈本陶瓷及塑料股份有限公司 Include the abrasive product of silicon nitride abrasive grain
US9517546B2 (en) 2011-09-26 2016-12-13 Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. Abrasive articles including abrasive particulate materials, coated abrasives using the abrasive particulate materials and methods of forming
KR20140106737A (en) 2011-12-30 2014-09-03 생-고뱅 세라믹스 앤드 플라스틱스, 인코포레이티드 Forming shaped abrasive particles
WO2013102170A1 (en) 2011-12-30 2013-07-04 Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. Composite shaped abrasive particles and method of forming same
EP2797715A4 (en) 2011-12-30 2016-04-20 Saint Gobain Ceramics Shaped abrasive particle and method of forming same
WO2013106597A1 (en) 2012-01-10 2013-07-18 Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. Abrasive particles having complex shapes and methods of forming same
WO2013106602A1 (en) 2012-01-10 2013-07-18 Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. Abrasive particles having particular shapes and methods of forming such particles
US9242346B2 (en) 2012-03-30 2016-01-26 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive products having fibrillated fibers
WO2013177446A1 (en) 2012-05-23 2013-11-28 Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. Shaped abrasive particles and methods of forming same
EP2866977B8 (en) 2012-06-29 2023-01-18 Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. Abrasive particles having particular shapes and methods of forming such particles
EP2906392A4 (en) 2012-10-15 2016-07-13 Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc Abrasive particles having particular shapes and methods of forming such particles
WO2014106173A1 (en) 2012-12-31 2014-07-03 Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. Particulate materials and methods of forming same
PL2978566T3 (en) 2013-03-29 2024-07-15 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive particles having particular shapes and methods of forming such particles
TW201502263A (en) 2013-06-28 2015-01-16 Saint Gobain Ceramics Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles
RU2643004C2 (en) 2013-09-30 2018-01-29 Сен-Гобен Серэмикс Энд Пластикс, Инк. Formed abrasive particles and methods of their production
US20150151409A1 (en) * 2013-11-30 2015-06-04 Diamond Innovations, Inc. Aluminum or aluminum carbide alternative catalyst for polycrystalline diamond compact formation
US9566689B2 (en) 2013-12-31 2017-02-14 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles
US9771507B2 (en) 2014-01-31 2017-09-26 Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. Shaped abrasive particle including dopant material and method of forming same
WO2015160854A1 (en) 2014-04-14 2015-10-22 Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles
EP3131705A4 (en) 2014-04-14 2017-12-06 Saint-Gobain Ceramics and Plastics, Inc. Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles
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US9707529B2 (en) 2014-12-23 2017-07-18 Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. Composite shaped abrasive particles and method of forming same
US9914864B2 (en) 2014-12-23 2018-03-13 Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. Shaped abrasive particles and method of forming same
US9676981B2 (en) 2014-12-24 2017-06-13 Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. Shaped abrasive particle fractions and method of forming same
TWI634200B (en) 2015-03-31 2018-09-01 聖高拜磨料有限公司 Fixed abrasive articles and methods of forming same
US10196551B2 (en) 2015-03-31 2019-02-05 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Fixed abrasive articles and methods of forming same
CA2988012C (en) 2015-06-11 2021-06-29 Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles
EP3455320A4 (en) 2016-05-10 2019-11-20 Saint-Gobain Ceramics&Plastics, Inc. Abrasive particles and methods of forming same
EP4071224A3 (en) 2016-05-10 2023-01-04 Saint-Gobain Ceramics and Plastics, Inc. Methods of forming abrasive articles
US11230653B2 (en) 2016-09-29 2022-01-25 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Fixed abrasive articles and methods of forming same
US10759024B2 (en) 2017-01-31 2020-09-01 Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles
US10563105B2 (en) 2017-01-31 2020-02-18 Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles
US10865148B2 (en) 2017-06-21 2020-12-15 Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. Particulate materials and methods of forming same
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FR2169577A5 (en) * 1972-01-24 1973-09-07 Christensen Diamond Prod Co Abrasive particles for grinding tools - encapsulated in metal

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1019961A (en) 1977-11-01
DK422574A (en) 1975-04-21
IT1018889B (en) 1977-10-20
IL45411A0 (en) 1974-11-29
NL171464B (en) 1982-11-01
IE39663L (en) 1975-02-10
CH591931A5 (en) 1977-10-14
DE2437522A1 (en) 1975-02-20
NL7410753A (en) 1975-02-12
FR2240078A1 (en) 1975-03-07
SE7410119L (en) 1975-02-11
JPS5082689A (en) 1975-07-04
NL171464C (en) 1983-04-05
SE418284B (en) 1981-05-18
AU7209674A (en) 1976-02-12
DE2437522B2 (en) 1982-09-16
IE39663B1 (en) 1978-12-06
IN142626B (en) 1977-08-06
GB1456765A (en) 1976-11-24
DE2437522C3 (en) 1983-03-31
BR7406579A (en) 1976-03-30
FR2240078B1 (en) 1978-01-27
AU476900B2 (en) 1976-10-07
JPS546759B2 (en) 1979-03-31

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